GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC JALNA

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

A. Y. 2023-24

THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT ON

“ND CONSTRUCTION”

FOR THE AWARD OF

DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(CIVIL ENGINEERING-CE 5l)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

LAXMIKANT LOHIYA SIR

SUBMITTED BY

Sr. No. Student Name Enrollment

No.

01 BAIJAL KARAN SHEKHAR 2201200016

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 CERTIFICATE

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC JALNA

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

A. Y. 2023-24

This is to be certified that Mr. Baijal Karan Shekhar with enrollment

no. 2201200016 from government polytechnic (0120) has successfully
completed 6 weeks of industrial training from 03/06/2024 to15/07/2024
for partial fulfillment of diploma in civilengineering,

Prof. LAXMIKANI LOHIYA Er. LAXMIKANI LOHIYA

(Mentor faculty) (Site Engineer)

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 Acknowledgment

I would like to express our gratitude towards all the people who have
contributed their precious time and effort to help me. Without whom it
would not have been possible for me to understand and complete the
training.

I would like to thank Er. LAXMIKANT LOHIYA Site Engineer , near a

collector office, jalna, my training mentor Prof. LAXMIKANT LOHIYA for
the guidance, support, motivation and encouragement through out. The
period this workwas carried out and I also thank Prof. S.L.HAKE Head of
Department of Civil Engineering Government Polytechnic, Jalna for
motivation supportand guidance for training.

Their readiness for consultation at all time, their educative comments,

their concern and assistance even with practical thing have been invaluable.

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CONTENT

1. Components of building structure a basic components a building structure.

2. Organization structure and general layout.

3. Introduction of organization (types of product and services, history,

turnover and no. Of employees)

4. Types of equipments/machines used in industry with specifications,cost,

routine maintenance etc.

5. Manufacturing processes along with production planning and control

methods.

6. Testing of raw materials, finished products with quality assurance.

7. Safety precautions followed on site.

8. Particular of practical experience in industry/ organization if any in

production /assembly /testing maintenance.

9. Description of the project/short report.

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 1. Components of building structure a basic components a building structure.

1. Parapet

2. Lintel

3. Beams

4. Columns

5. Damp proof course (DPC)

6. Walls

7. Floor

8. Stairs

9. Plinth Beam

10. Foundation

11. Plinth

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 1. Parapet

Parapets are short walls extended above the roof slab. Parapets are installed for flat
roofs.
It acts as a safety wall for people using the roof.

2. Lintels

Lintels are constructed above the wall openings like doors, windows, etc. These
structures support the weight of the wall coming over the opening. Normally, lintels
are constructed by reinforced cement concrete. In residential buildings, lintels can
be either constructed from concrete or from bricks.

3. Beams and slabs

Beams and slabs form the horizontal members in a building. For a single storey
building ,the top slab forms the roof. In case of a multi-storey building, the beam
transfers the load coming from the floor above the slab which is in turn transferred
to the columns.
Beams and slabs are constructed by reinforced cement concrete (R.C.C).

4. Columns

Columns are vertical members constructed above the ground level. Columns can be
of two types: Architectural columns and structural columns. Architectural columns
are constructed to improve the building's aesthetics while a structural column takes
the load coming from the slab above and transfers safely to the foundation.

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5. Damp Proof Course (DPC)

DPC is a layer of waterproofing material applied on the basement level to prevent

the rise of surface water into the walls. The walls are constructed over the DPC.

6. Walls

Walls are vertical elements which support the roof. It can be made from stones,
bricks, concrete blocks, etc. Walls provide an enclosure and protect against wind,
sunshine, rain etc. Openings are provided in the walls for ventilation and access to
the building.

7. Floors

The floor is the surface laid on the plinth level. Flooring can be done by a variety of
materials like tiles, granites, marbles, concrete, etc. Before flooring, the ground has
to be properly compacted and leveled.

8. Stairs

A stair is a sequence of steps that connects different floors in a building structure.

The space occupied by a stair is called as the stairway. There are different types of
stairs like a wooden stair, R.C.C stair etc.

9. Plinth Beam

Plinth beam is a beam structure constructed either at or above the ground level to
take up the load of the wall coming over.

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 10. Plinth

The plinth is constructed above the ground level. It is a cement-mortar layer lying
between the substructure and the superstructure.

11. Foundation

The Foundation is a structural unit that uniformly distributes the load from the
superstructure to the underlying soil. This is the first structural unit to be
constructed for any building construction. A good foundation prevents settlement of
the building.

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Procedure for construction of foundation starts with a decision on its depth, width, and marking layout

for excavation and centerline of foundation. Foundation is the part of the structure below the plinth level

in direct contact of soil and transmits the load of superstructure to the ground.

Generally, it is below the ground level. If some part of the foundation is above ground level, it is also

covered with earth filling. This portion of the structure is not in contact with air, light, etc., or to say that

it is the hidden part of the structure.

Footing is a structure constructed in brickwork, masonry, or concrete under the base of a wall or column

for distributing the load over a large area.

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3 . Introduction of organization( types of product and services, history,

turnover and no. Of employees)

Types of products used-

The general products used in contribution works are cement, sand, steel,
aggregate etc.

 CEMENT

For the whole construction work OPC i . e ordinary

An established brand in India, ACC Cement is known for its high

strength, high performance Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and
Pozzolana Portland Cement (PPC). OPC & PPC both are high quality
active hydraulic binders & are preferred brands in the market for all the
construction applications.
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  SAND

Mainly crushed sand that is artificial sand is used in large amount in all
segments of construction.

Natural sand is also used.

Manufactured sand or manufactured fine aggregate (MFA) is produced

by reducing larger pieces of aggregate into sand-sized aggregate
particles. Manufactured sands tend to be used in mixtures in areas
where natural sand is not available or not cost effective to be hauled to
the needed location

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  AGGREGATE

Aggregates is the inert granular materials such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone that,
along with water and portland cement, are an essential ingredient in concrete.

For a good concrete mix, aggregates need to be clean, hard, strong particles free of
absorbed chemicals or coatings of clay and other fine materials that could cause the
deterioration of concrete.

The overall turnover or cost of the construction is about 6 crore.

It is a huge work, hence the no. of employees or labour working there is

approximately 30 to 40 at a time per day.

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4. Types of equipments/machines used in industry with specifications, cost,
routine maintenance etc.

List of equipments or machines used-

 JCB.

 Compactors.

 Tamper

 Vibrator

 Rammer

 Concrete mixer machine.

 Dumpy level

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1. JCB

JCB also known as back hoe loader is used for excavation purpose of ground in
intial stage .

Also used as compactor known as roller to make the surface area even.

Timely preventive maintenance schedules prevent sudden breakdown of

machines, at the same time ensuring that the machines work at optimum
performance levels.

Maintenance measure includes -

Total reassurance using factory trained engineers and genuine JCB parts and
lubricants.

On large wheel loaders, excavators and articulated dump trucks, oil sampling is
included as a major preventative measure for extra peace of mind.

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2. CONCRETE MIXER MACHINE

A concrete mixer is also called a cement mixer is a device that homogeneously

combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel, and water to form A typical
concrete uses a revolving drum to mix the components.

Routine maintenance-

Check condition of discharge door seal and replace if leakage is occurring.

Check oil level in gearboxes. Use dipstick on fixed gearbox and overflow plug on
rotating gearbox.

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5. Manufacturing processes along with production planning and
control methods.

Manufacturing process of concrete with raw materials required

Raw materials generally used are-

Cement

Sand

Aggregates

Water .

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The cement is mixed with the other inredients: aggregates (sand, gravel, or crushed
stone). Admixtures , fibers, and water. Aggregates are pre- blended or added at the
ready-mix concrete plant under normal operating conditions.

The mixing operation uses rotation or stirring to coat the surface of the aggregate
with cement paste and to blend the other ingredients uniformly.

A variety of batch or continuous mixers are used.

Quality controls of concrete

For concrete, the timely conductance of the compressive strength tests is mandatory.

Quality Control reduces the maintenance cost

In the absence of quality control, there is no guarantee that overspending in one area
will compensate for the weakness in another.

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6. Testing of raw materials, finished products with quality assurance.

Field test on raw materials –

1. Bricks
• Test on bricks

• Compressive strength test on bricks

• Hardness test on bricks

• Shape and size test on bricks

• Efflorescence test on bricks.

2 .Cement

• Color test

• Presence of lumps

• Adulteration test

• Temperature test

• Float tests

• Strength test

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 3. Aggregates

• Strength of aggregate

• Hardness of aggregate

• Toughness of aggregate

• Durability of aggregate

• Shape of aggregate

• Size of aggregate

4. Sand
• Silt content

• Permiability

Quality assurance of finished products

Quality assurance (QA) is a way of preventing mistakes and defects in manufactured

products and avoiding problems when delivering products or services to customers;
which ISO 9000 defines as "part of quality management focused on providing
confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled.

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7. Safety precautions followed on site.

Some of the potential hazards that construction workers face every day include:

• Falls from heights

• Scaffold collapse

• Electrocution and arc blast/flash

• Trench collapse Repetitive motion injuries

• Failure to use the required PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

Ways to prevent injuries and improve safety include:

• Management safety

• Integrate safety as a part of the job

• Create accountability at all levels

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 SAFETY INCLUDE

• Take safety into account during the project planning process.

• Make sure the workers are properly trained in appropriate areas

• Have a fall protection system

• Make safety a part of everyday conversation Review accidents and near misses,
as well as regular inspections.

• Innovative safety training, e.g. adoption of virtual reality in training.

• Replace some of the works by robots (many workers may worry that this will
decrease their employment rate).

• Adoption of BIM with three dimensional printing to make the building model
first before put into real practice.

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8. Particular of practical experience in industry/ organization if any
in production /assembly /testing maintenance.

• First-hand experience working as an engineer onsite.

• Apply your technical knowledge and engineering methods to a real-life

situations .

• Work with other engineering professionals.

• Experience what it's like to work in a professional organization.

• Increase your technical, interpersonal and communication skills, both oral and
written.

• Observe interactions of engineers with other professional groups.

• Witness the functioning and organisation of business and companies.

• Observed how testing and maintenance is done time to time i.e in routine.

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9. Description of the project/short report.

The total experience of 6 weeks of training was very worth that we done.
Many concepts which gives a practical knowledge to an engineer was taught and
explained very well.

Usefull concepts were like –

1. To calculate quantity of brickwork on site.

2. To calculate quantity of plastering work on site.

3. To check the top of plinth beam with dumpy level.

4. To calculate quantity of DPC.

5. To read and understand the site plan of beams, columns, and layout properly in
detail.

6. Unites of quantities.

7. Estimation of the work.

8. Procedures before starting the work.

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  RAFT FOUNDATION

raft foundation, also known as a mat foundation, is a type of foundation used

to support structures that have a large footprint or require uniform support
across the entire area.

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RAFT FOUNDATION SITE VISIT

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FOUNDATION MARKING LAYOUT SITE VISIT

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