ste PROS. —aaTRITION | pen eer ca | raesenel recess an TION MUTA od of obtaining nutente from wtnich the organism ingests, digests, absorbs, end products. fhe environment. It can be defined as the process ae eee and utilises nutrients and disposes off y aa! fe IO net ote at mv ine ncn ke proven enesy. mateo Ee nes For exmple-Proteins, Minerals, Vitamin, Carbohydrates, fats. MODES OF NUTRITION Mode of nutrition Heterotrophic nutrition Autotrophic nein win er + Rebcwat vojozoie _Saprorophie aerate aaa atrtion tron nutrition (2) autotrophic Nutrition owes oan rnaton, organisms amthess the organkcmateras they requir rom Ineraanle Sources. | + pte Fie tre neetropic and use ight as @soures of eneray forthe synthesis, eee + Decea Autotrophs aaa Saag ns which make thelr own food from carbon dioxide and water inthe presence of sunight| + Pat Fe rani wi sted autoropne: These organisms are also called producers and include greeny Water Plants and some bacteria aret (oy Hete ‘The type PHOTOSYNTHESIS It is the process by which green parts of the plant synthesise organic food in the form of carbohydi eee from CO, and water in the presence of sunlight: os . Tt refer 6CO, + 6H,0 5,85, ? C.H,,0, + 60, organi [P Aightreacton (ight-dependent requires the presence of light energy from sunlight whlch soba callec y photosynthetic pigments, i.e., chlorophyll and used to bring about the photolysis of water. obser H,O > 2H? + 2e° Z a) Tere inge (ii) Dark reaction (light-independent) i.e., this reaction is not di i i ie., jependent on light and du reaction carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrate in a metabolic pathway known as the caning i Gass avecty or meirech on SUS a ve optaines from organic, Temas Hal tie wich food I, OBES Organisms Performing Sag igs, food ar «nourishes by obtaining foag nd sheaite ts KNOWN BS ras haustroria oF nich a ving organisms nutrition in MMIC oN apgains food and SPENT Gre wing organi rod and shelter tO 5, Pa eny sec se 9 non-areen plant tha I Caing food and Water Pijotorote Nuttion mode of neterotroPt srtion wich involves intake of sd Ps ri ra artean. Te Oe re dy noloole organisms ee on the source ts parts. Depending UP rnivores, omnivores sa “The alimentary canals basi ee differentoted ints fo (Moun This 2 transverse sit boun food in between and seat “The floor of the buccal ea There are 32 teeth of fou ‘+ Digestion may be intra 1 The process of sigest ‘= In the mouth, food g + Saliva contains an ¢ Herbivores? ‘Lnerba-piant, vorare-to est) sms which feed on I cow, Buffalo, Deer, Goat, ants or plant parts, €-9: predators they hunt, Kl other animals. Carnivores are also called rma which fed on a Leopard, Snake, Hawk. feed on their preys, €-9- Lon, TI92% omnivores: (Lomnis-all, vorare-to eat) janisms whi ch reed on both plant and animal materials, ©.9- Cockroach, Anis P They are holozoie org: Crom, Rat, Bear, Dog, Humans: NUTRITION IN AMOEBA protozoan protests carry out holozoic nutrith —= (GH Pharynx on through intracellular digestion. ee Se nee tee Tis a short, conic Be Gores the nasopharynx ‘ (Gil) Oesophagu: tis along, narro to meee pesaig agen in tube leading fro roe ed (iv) Stomach [Nutrition in Amoeba Teo ome protests can ingest food particle from any point on the surface (e.g., Amoeba) while obese glands are pr ‘Amoeba capture food with the contains mel fixed points for the same (e.g., Paramoecium). Protozoans like temporary finger-like processes called pseudopodia. Protozoans like (Paramoecium have small he ‘Mucus lubrica processes called cilia.) Beating of cilia creates ‘current in water that pushes food particle HCI creates § cytostome or cell mouth. The process of ingestion of solid food particle by a cell or unicellular orga present in fo is called phagocytosis. Pepsin brea! ‘As soon as Amoeba comes in contact with a food particle or prey, it throws pseudopodia all aro Sphincter ¢ o stomach. same. The tips of encircling pseudopodia fuse and the prey comes to lie in a vesicle or phaPONENTS OF pi SYNTHESIs a green pigment present in th 7 ‘bon-Dioxide i aie coreanpe rato Provided othe Ton ees reese wih er aay oncentration of CO. peretlntegs oe a ible period of time, has detr camer 2 ‘ = imental effect on the process foal Sven tra tote oF phctosyncheate leer ce and hence a reduction in the Lr eae! Adter deficiency is that the accumu lecrease in ts permeability to; direc eff and thus decr (b) Heterotrophic Nutrition ving organisms. In The type of nutrition in which organisms derive their food (nutrients) from ot organic substances, The 07 oon the energy is deve from th nate er animal tissue, Hetertropie mode of SS See renee (i) Saprotrophic Nutrition CO Saprexo tne mode of nutrition in which organism Si) o Janie matter, e.g., fungi, yeast and bactes|3 21° called saprophytes (ji) Parasitic Nutrition (1) Fars to the mode of obtaining foee synthesised by ot ee the “parasite’ and the organism fm which food is absorbed isc cpeerved in fungi, bacteria, afew Plants Tike Cuscata and some animals i Holo ich the complex organic mater 0 (ro fers to the mode of nutrition 1 ich the cf i in ingested, gested and then absorbed wince cells and used €9: moeDe fr09, in nutrients from the dead and decaying hers. The organism which obtains food i= alld the ‘host. This nutrition iS ie Plasmodium and roundworm. 1 form of sold food is human beings: {ITINEET FOUNDATION ASS 101 BIOLOGY