•

PUPOSIVE Language- is a system of conventional spoken,

manual, or written symbols by means of which

COMMUNICATION •
human beings.
Communication- is defined as the process of
transmitting information and common
Communication- is derived from a Latin word
understanding from one person to another.
“communis” which means common.
• There are two types of communication according
Communication Mode- refers to the channel through to mode: 1. Verbal and Non-verbal
which one expresses his/her communicative intent. communication; 2. Visual Communication
• Two types of communication according to
Language- is a wonderfully rich vehicle for
context: 1. Intrapersonal Communication; 2.
communication. It is a system of conventional spoken,
Interpersonal Communication
manual, or written symbols.

Language Acquisition- people acquire the languages

ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS:
used by those in the community. • Sender - he is the person who sends his ideas to
First Language- acquired while growing up are known as another person.
mother tongues. • Message - the idea, feeling, suggestion,
guidelines, orders or any content which is
Second Language- people discover later on that other intended to be communicated.
language are needed various reasons. • Encoding - it is the process of converting the idea,
Language Learning- people learn these languages by thinking or any other component of message into
studying formally in school or informally on their own. symbols, words, actions, diagram.
• Media - it is the medium, passage or route
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION through which encoded message is passed by the
sender to the receiver.
• Verbal-Non-Verbal Communication- One
• Decoding - it means translating the encoded
cannot be separated from the other. For example,
message into language understandable by the
door-to-door sales persons who demonstrate
receiver.
product knowledge can only be effective if they
• Receiver - He is the person to whom the message
know how to properly punctuate what they say
has been sent.
with proper gestures and facial expressions.
• Feedback - it is the response by the receiver.
• Visual Communication- is the type of
• Noise - It is the hindrance in the process of
communication that uses visuals to convey
communication.
information and/or messages. Some examples
are signs, symbol, imagery, maps. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO • Completeness- the message must be complete
CONTEXT and geared to the receiver ‘s perception of the
world. The message must be based on facts.
Intrapersonal Communication- the Latin prefixes intra-
• Concreteness- this is often supported by factual
means within or inside. Intrapersonal communication then
material such as research data and figures.
means talking to oneself.
• Courtesy- considering the feelings and points of
Interpersonal Communication- can be defined as view of the target group, it is also important to
communication between two people. Useful when we approach the audience in a friendly.
compare it to intrapersonal communication, or • Correctness- In written business
communication with ourselves. communication, grammatical errors must be
avoided and stylistic.
SYNTHESIS • Consideration- In order to communicate well, it
is important to relate to the target group and be
involved.
 • Conciseness- A message is clear when the Small Group Communication - small groups consists of
storyline is consistent and when this does not three or more people who share a common goal and
contain any inconsistencies. communicate collectively to achieve it.

3 COMMON MODELS OF COMMUNICATION Public Communication - engage in dialogue in the public

sphere in order to deliver a message to a specific
• 1. Aristotle Model of Communication- focused audience.
on the speaker and its speech. It can be divided
into 5 primary elements; the Speaker, Speech, Mass Communication – is the broadcast of unanswerable
Occasion, Audience, and Effect. voice to a large audience.
• 2. Shannon-Weaver Model- this model was Globalization-the process of interaction and integration
purposely done to improve technical among people, companies and governments worldwide.
communication more particularly the telephonic
communication through the use of mathematical Global Village- refer to the world emphasize that all the
equation. different parts of the world form one community linked
• 3. Schramm’s Model- posits that knowledge together.
plays a crucial role on the communication Cultural Barriers- when people of different cultures are
process. This could simply be interpreted that unable to understand each other's customs.
communication varies from knowledge.
Multiculturalism- refers to the presence of people with
5 CATEGORIES OF BARRIERS several cultures in a specific setting. It is the co-existence
of diverse cultures.
• Physical Barrier- this barrier includes the defects
in media or the medium for communication, Local Communication- means data transferred directly
environment or geographical location, and from the gateway to bluz DK, without going through the
physical disability. Particle cloud.
• Psychological Barrier- it is the manifestations of
Cross-cultural (Intercultural)- refers to the comparison
human behavior and attitude when
of different cultures.
communicating.
• Cultural Barrier- include the age and gender of Written- Tends to be more complex and intricate than
the person, educational background, popularity, speech with longer sentences and many subordinate.
religion, political views, and ethics.
Spoken- Tends to be full or repetitions, incomplete
• Language Used- as the word posits, it refers to
sentences, corrections and interruptions.
the contributory factor of the diverse language
across the world, dialect, and even its accent. THE FIVE MOST COMMON LANGUAGE
• Personal Barrier- refers to the poor listening
REGISTER IN WRITING
skills, egoistic, interpersonal trust, and ability to
communicate effectively. Formal Language Register- Is appropriate for
professional writing and letters to a boss or stranger.
Face-to-face Communication – the communication of a
two or a group of people in the same place and time. Informal Language Register- Is conversational and
appropriate when writing to friends and people you very
Video Communication - is a live, visual connection
well.
between two or more people residing in separate locations
for the purpose of communication. Neutral Language Register- Is non-emotional and sticks
to facts. It is most appropriate for technical writing.
Audio Communication - is passing information as in the
form of sound and visual component. Register -Is a subset of language as defined by purpose
and setting.
Dyadic Communication - is communication between two
people or creatures.
Varieties- also called ―lect‖ is a specific form of language
cluster.

TYPES OF REGISTER

• A. Frozen - is a language that never changes.

• B. Formal - Standard English.
• C. Consultative - Less formal standard English
• D. Casual - Language between Friends
• E. Intimate - language between lovers or other
close family or friends.

Spoken Language- Is a language produced by articulate

sounds, an oral language.

Text- isn‘t limited to something written down. A text can be

a film, an artifact, anything in a language and culture that
conveys meaning.

Created Texts- to achieve pre determined curricular

goals.

Semi-Authentic Texts- based on original language

materials, but adapted to fit curricular needs.

Authentic Texts- for consumption in a native

environment.

Cultural Texts- are those objects, actions, and behaviors

that reveal cultural meanings.