Ques 1.

(a) Globalization and urbanization are primarily responsible for emerging disasters and crisis
situations.

Explanation:

The passage emphasizes how globalization, urbanization, and modernization have contributed to the
increasing complexity and magnitude of crises facing nations today. It discusses how rising population
densities, urbanization, and technological dependence have led to greater human and economic impacts
from crises like natural disasters, pandemics, and terrorism.

 (b) talks about ancient civilizations, which the passage uses as historical context, but the main
focus is on modern crises.

 (c) suggests opposition to globalization and urbanization, which is not mentioned as a solution or
necessary action in the passage.

 (d) is incorrect because the passage does not suggest that poor countries have little role in crisis
mitigation; it focuses on global phenomena.

NOTE: Consortium has given B as the ans.

QUES 1.2

b) 2 and 3 only

Explanation:

 The passage does not suggest that increasing globalization has directly led to an arms race.
ARMS RACE means a pattern of competitive acquisition of military capability between two or
more countries. The passage has no reference of competitiveness between countries.
(invalidating assumption 1).

 It does mention how digitization and increased dependence on communications and computer
networks have heightened the threat of terrorism (validating assumption 2).

 The idea that sustainable development can help with adaptation and mitigation of disasters is a
reasonable extension from the discussion on modern challenges (validating assumption 3)

Ques 2.1

(b) 2 only

Explanation:

 The first suggestion, stating that renewable energy alone would completely control carbon
emissions by 2070, is not entirely valid as it overlooks other factors, such as changes in behavior,
infrastructure, and technology and the world COMPLETELY makes it much overstated
  The second suggestion, involving citizens in policymaking and execution, aligns with the
passage's emphasis on the need for people to shift their attitudes and behavior in line with
government policies to achieve net-zero emissions which is also been discussed broadly in the
passage.

Ques 2.2

ANS. (d)

EXPLANATION

The passage emphasizes that while government policies are crucial, real and sustained change will occur
only if citizens adjust their behaviors and attitudes in alignment with these policies.

Option (a) is not fully correct because the passage focuses on India's internal actions. It doesn't suggest
that India's commitments alone are insufficient for reversing climate change, but rather that for India to
meet its own goals, both policy and public behavior are crucial.

Option (b) climate change is indeed a global issue, the passage does not emphasize the global nature of
the problem as much as it stresses that India's citizens must adjust their attitudes to achieve national
targets.

Option (c) Finds no support in the passage

Ques 3.1

Answer: (c) 1 and 2

With reference to the very first line of the passage we find support that India will soon have increase in
number of internet users as same as US. And it also mentions that electronic goods and components are
the second-largest item in India's import bill. This implies that Indians have a high rate of consumption of
electronics.

Also the paragraph states the example how China has used its large market and making it reasonable to
assume that India could do something similar to promote its electronics industry.

QUES 3.2

Answer option c

Option (a): The passage does not focus on India’s trade relationship with the USA or suggest that the
solution lies in trading technology services. Hence there is no support for this option
Option (b): While the passage does mention that big multinational companies control these
technologies, it doesn't emphasize the need for domestic companies to invest specifically in human
resources.

Option (c): This option closely reflects the central issue of the passage — despite India's large market
and user base, the country is struggling to scale its electronics production due to technological
limitations and reliance on multinational companies. This is the crux of the passage.

Option (d): The passage doesn't suggest that multinational companies should shift their manufacturing
base from China to India. It only mentions China's bargaining strategy as an example.

Ques 4.1

Ans) option d neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

Lack of understanding about privacy among the youth could be a major reason behind cybercrimes.

The passage states that the younger generation falls prey to cybercrimes due to their immaturity, which
is easily identified by criminals. This implies that their lack of understanding about privacy is a key factor.

Misuse of information may happen partially because of the slowly evolving legal provisions.

The passage mentions that adequate laws are yet to be framed to address the new legal challenges
brought about by the availability of personal information online.

QUES 4.2

Answer: (c) Mere cybersecurity solutions will not stop the misuse of personal information online.

Option (a): The passage mentions that we wrongly blame cybersecurity loopholes in many cases. It
doesn’t suggest upgrading software as the most important step, so this option is incorrect.

Option (b): While social media is a medium where personal information is shared, the passage does not
directly state that it is the prime contributor to the misuse of information.

Option (c): The passage clearly emphasizes that people's behavior (giving away personal information,
especially among the younger generation) plays a key role in cybercrimes. This suggests that improving
cybersecurity alone is not sufficient to stop the misuse of personal information, making this the most
rational inference.

Option (d): While future cybersecurity needs are important, the passage focuses on current challenges
involving legal provisions and personal behavior, not future requirements

5.1 OPTION A

(a) Fight against corruption impacts mostly the top level; the ordinary man often continues to suffer.

This statement best reflects the passage's implication that while top-level corruption gets media
attention, a significant amount of corruption that affects ordinary people happens at the retail level and
is often overlooked.
(b) is a good option, as it touches on institutional weaknesses and citizen attitudes. However, the
passage doesn't specifically mention politicization or blame citizens for their lax attitude. Instead, it
focuses more on the failure of anti-corruption institutions and emphasizes that efforts should not be
limited to these institutions alone.

6.1

(c) both 1 and 2

 Statement 1: "In India, flooding is a frequent occurrence." — This is correct, as the passage
states that India faces at least one major flood event each year, making flooding a frequent
occurrence.

 Statement 2: "The prompt relocation of individuals is made possible by non-structural flood

control techniques." — This is also correct, as the passage explains that non-structural methods
like flood forecasting and warnings enable timely evacuation of people to safer places.

7.1

(B) 2 and 3 only

 Statement 2: "Protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030"
is a core goal of the SDGs, as stated in the passage.

 Statement 3: The SDGs aim to achieve several life-changing "zeros" like zero poverty, hunger,
etc., which is also highlighted in the passage.

Statement 1, while important is narrow, and also covered by Statement 3 as part of the broader goals,
so the correct choice is 2 and 3.

NOTE : CONSORTIUM HAS MARKED D AS ANS

7.2 (b) 1 and 4 only

 Assumption 1: "Development with all and for all" is valid, as it aligns with the SDG's goal to
"leave no one behind" and "Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas," which refers to inclusive development.

 Assumption 4: "Everyone should be treated equally, and no one should be left out from the
benefits outlined by SDG" is also valid, as it reflects the SDG's core principle of inclusivity.

Assumption 2 is incorrect because SDGs are broader and not just focused on school enrolment.
Assumption 3 is incorrect because NITI Aayog coordinates SDG implementation only in India, not
globally.

7.3

The correct answer is:

(b) All-round development of the world as a whole in a sustainable manner.

The passage emphasizes the global and comprehensive nature of the SDGs, aimed at poverty
eradication, environmental protection, and peace and prosperity for all by 2030, which reflects the idea
of sustainable and inclusive development worldwide.

· a) The main focal point is the all-round development of the rural population.

 While the passage does mention rural issues like open defecation and healthcare challenges, the
overall focus is on global goals, including poverty, hunger, and discrimination. The SDGs aim for
development at a global scale, not just rural areas. Therefore, this option is too narrow.

· (c) Poverty eradication and improvement in the MMR, IMR, and enrolment rate.

 This option is partially correct, as poverty eradication, MMR (Maternal Mortality Rate), IMR
(Infant Mortality Rate), and education are mentioned. However, the SDGs are much broader,
covering 17 goals that include environmental sustainability, economic growth, and social
equality. This option does not fully capture the passage's emphasis on all-round, sustainable
development.

· (d) To implement all the goals of the SDG in an efficient manner in coordination with the government
of all the member nations.

 While coordination and implementation of SDGs are important, the passage is more focused on
what the SDGs aim to achieve (poverty eradication, equality, sustainability, etc.), rather than just
how to implement them. So, this option misses the essential message of global sustainable
development.

8.1

(a) The world needs to adopt climate-smart agricultural practices to achieve SDGs in the changing
climate.

 The passage emphasizes the need for climate-smart agriculture (CSA) and the role it plays in
achieving the SDGs, particularly the "End of Hunger" goal. It mentions that adapting to climate
change is crucial for sustainable food production, highlighting the importance of CSA in achieving
these targets.

 (b) SDGs are not achievable by 2030. — The passage does not suggest this. Instead, it highlights
the efforts being made to meet the targets by 2030.

 (c) Developing countries like India have lagged in developing smart agro products. — This is
not implied, as the passage discusses India's proactive measures, such as the NMSA and PMKSY,
which are pushing for climate-smart practices.

 (d) Adoption of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) will lead to loss in crop biodiversity. —
The passage doesn't discuss GMOs or their potential impact on biodiversity.

8.2)

(c) Both 1 and 2

  Statement 1: "Sustainable agriculture is the need of the hour to protect the genetic diversity of
flora and fauna." — This is correct, as the passage emphasizes maintaining the genetic diversity
of seeds, cultivated plants, and animals as part of sustainable agriculture.

 Statement 2: "Countries need to invest more in R&D of climate-smart Agri products." — This is
also implied, as the passage discusses the need for identifying climate-resilient technologies and
practices, which suggests a need for investment in research and development to support
climate-smart agriculture.

9.1

(c) Green Good Deed seeks to transform the people's behavior into Green Good Behavior and fulfill
Green Social Responsibility.

This is the most logical and rational inference, as the passage emphasizes the need for people to alter
their behavior to "Green Good Behaviour" in order to fulfill their "Green Social Responsibility." While
other options mention important aspects, this option captures the core message of the campaign:
behavior change for environmental protection.

10.1

(a) It endangers the democracy.

The passage discusses how the rise of right-wing populists destabilizes constitutional democracy by
threatening the balance of power and the protection of citizens. This implies that populist politics poses
a risk to democratic structures and values, rather than strengthening or upholding them.

11.1

Option A

11.2

Option A

11.3

Option D