Sardar Patel Institute of Technology

Bhavan’s Campus, Munshi Nagar, Andheri (West), Mumbai-400058-India

(Autonomous Institute Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Academic Year: 2024-25
Class: CE Subject: DSM
Semester: I Experiment No. 2 Batch: A-4
Name: Dharmil Mehta Roll No.: 2024300133

Aim: Multiplexer.
Objective: 1. Design and implement 2:1 & 4:1 MUX using Logic gates.
2. Design and implement Full Adder with 8:1 MUX using IC.

EQUIPMENTS  7408 quad 2-input IC (AND gate)

REQUIRED  7432 quad 2-input IC (OR gate)
 7404 hex 2-input IC (NOT gate)
 7411 triple 3-input IC (AND Gate)
 4072 4-input (OR Gate)
 IC 74151 8:1 Multiplexer
THEORY: A multiplexer is a Combinational Circuit that has many data inputs and a single
output, depending on control or select inputs. For N input lines, log2(N) selection lines
are required, or equivalently, for 2^n input lines, n selection lines are needed.
Multiplexers are also known as “N-to-1 selectors”, parallel-to-serial converters,
many-to-one circuits and universal logic circuits.
Because of its widespread use, it has been fabricated as MSI IC and is commercially
available in various sizes.

The Mux can be of different types based on input but two major types of mux are:

1) 2:1 MUX :
The 2:1 is a fundamental circuit which is also known 2-to-1 Multiplexer that
are used to choose one signal from two inputs and transmits it to the output.
The 2:1 MUX has two input lines (namely I0, I1), one output line (Y) and a
single selection line (S0). Based on the selection of code on the selection line
ie. 0 and 1, a particular channel among the two input channels will get
selected.

The Logical Expression for 2:1 MUX can be determined as : Y=(S0)’.I0 + S0

.I1

2) 4:1 MUX :
The 4:1 Multiplexer which is also known as the 4-to-1 multiplexer. It is a
multiplexer that has 4 inputs and a single output. They choose one signal from
four inputs and transmits it to the output. The 4:1 MUX has four input lines
(namely I0, I1, I2, I3), one output line (Y) and selection lines (S0 and S1).
Based on the selection of code on the selection lines, a particular channel
among the four input channels will get selected.

The Logical Expression for 4:1 MUX can be determined as :

Y=(S0)’.(S1)’.I0 + (S0)’.S1.I1 + S0.(S1)’.I2 +S0.S1.I3
 Sardar Patel Institute of Technology
Bhavan’s Campus, Munshi Nagar, Andheri (West), Mumbai-400058-India
(Autonomous Institute Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Academic Year: 2024-25
3) 8:1 MUX :
The 8:1 Multiplexer which is also known as the 8-to-1 multiplexer. It is a
multiplexer that has 8 inputs and a single output. They choose one signal from
eight inputs and transmits it to the output. The 8:1 MUX has eight input lines
(namely I0, I1, I2, I3, I4, I5, I6, I7), one output line (Y) and selection lines (S0,
S1, S2). Based on the selection of code on the selection lines, a particular
channel among the eight input channels will get selected.

The Logical Expression for 4:1 MUX can be determined as :

Y = (S2)’.(S1)’.(S0)’.I0 + (S2)’.(S1)’.S0.I1 + (S2)’.S1.(S0)’.I2 +
(S2)’.S1.S0.I3
+ S2.(S1)’.(S0)’.I4 + S2. (S1)’.S0.I5 + S2.S1.(S0)’.I6 + S2.S1.S0.I7

 Full Adder Using 8:1 MUX :

Full adder can be made using the 8:1 MUX by combining two of them, one for
the SUM and the other for the CARRY.

CIRCUIT 1) 2:1 MUX :

DIAGRAM :

2) 4:1 MUX :
 Sardar Patel Institute of Technology
Bhavan’s Campus, Munshi Nagar, Andheri (West), Mumbai-400058-India
(Autonomous Institute Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Academic Year: 2024-25

3) 8:1 MUX :

4) Full Adder Using 8:1 MUX :

 Sardar Patel Institute of Technology
Bhavan’s Campus, Munshi Nagar, Andheri (West), Mumbai-400058-India
(Autonomous Institute Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Academic Year: 2024-25
RESULT : 1) TRUTH TABLE FOR 2:1 MUX :

S0 Y
0 I0
1 I1

2) TRUTH TABLE FOR 4:1 MUX :

S1 S0 Y
0 0 I0
0 1 I1
1 0 I2
1 1 I3

3) TRUTH TABLE FULL ADDER USING 8:1 MUX :

S2 S1 S0 SUM CARRY
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1
Conclusion: We verified all the Multiplexers with their corresponding Truth Table. We
came to know various concepts like Propogation Delay, using IC board for
designing Logical Circuits, understanding Working Principle and
Applications, logical operations using Boolean Algebra, etc.

1) Advantages of MUX :
 Efficiency : The MUX has good efficiency in routing multiple input signals to
a single out signal based on control signals.
 Optimization : The MUX helps to conserve resources such as wires, pins and
integrated circuits (IC).
 Different Implementation: The MUX can be used to implement different
digital logic functions such AND,OR etc.
 Flexibility: MUX can be easily configure according to the requirements and
accommodate different data sources, enhancing system versatility.

2) Disadvantages of MUX :
 Limited number of data sources: The number of input that can be taken
by a multiplexer is restricted by the number of control lines, which can
cause limitations in certain applications.
 Delay: Multiplexers can have some delay in the signal path, which can
have impact on the performance of the circuit.
 Sardar Patel Institute of Technology
Bhavan’s Campus, Munshi Nagar, Andheri (West), Mumbai-400058-India
(Autonomous Institute Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Academic Year: 2024-25
 Complex control rationale: The control logic for multiplexers can be
complex, particularly for bigger multiplexers with an large number of
inputs.
 Power utilization: Multiplexers can consume more power compared with
other simple logic gate, particularly when they have a large number of
inputs.

3) Applications of MUX :
 Data Routing : The MUX is used for data routing in the digital system where
they select one of the several data lines and re-route it the output.
 Data Selection : The MUX is used for data selection where they select data
source according to the select lines.
 Analog-to-Digital Conversion : The MUX are used in ADC to select different
analog input channels.
 Address Decoding : The MUX are used in Microprocessors or memory for
address decoding.
 Logic Function Implementation : MUX can be used to implement various
logic functions.

4) USES :
 Television Remote Control: Selects between multiple video sources
(e.g., cable, streaming devices) to display on a single TV screen.
 Home Theater Systems: Routes audio signals from various devices (like Blu-
ray players, game consoles) to a single set of speakers.
 Data Acquisition: Chooses which sensor's output to read in a
measurement system, such as selecting temperature, humidity, or pressure
sensors.
 Digital Communication: Combines multiple data signals for transmission
over a single line, optimizing bandwidth usage in telecommunication
systems.
 Network Switches: Directs data packets from multiple sources to a
single output in computer networking.