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Motion Forces and Energy

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16 views4 pages

Motion Forces and Energy

Uploaded by

Bashaar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MOTION FORCES AND ENERGY

Length:

- meter rule used (ruler)


- tape measure for long distances
- ensure line of sight is at 90 degrees to avoid parallex error

Volume:

- measuring cylinder

Time:

- clock
- digital timer which supports 0.1s or better

Finding thickness of one paper:

step 1 - measure thickness of 100 papers stacked together (t)


step 2 - divide t by 100 to give thickness of one paper

International SI units:

Length - m
Mass - kg
Time - sec

1cm : 10mm
1m : 100cm
1km : 1000m

1l : 1000ml

Scalar is magnitude only


Vector is magnitude and direction

magnitude can be calculated by √(x2 + y2)

It is the dignal line in a rectangle

Motion:

speed - distance travelled per unit time

v = d/t

velocity - speed in a given direction

gradient = rise/run
area under graph - triangle = 1/2(l*b) , rectangle or square = l*b

acceleration - change in velocity per unit time

a = v-u/t

g = 9.8

acceleration of free fall = 9.8 m/s2


Temrinal velocity:
as speed increases, air resistance increases, eventually reaching to a point where
wight = air resistance so there is zero resultant force and fall is at constant
speed. this is terminal velocity. Parachutes make the surface area larger resulting
in greater air resistance.

Mass an Weight:

mass - a measure of the quantity of matter in an object relative to its observer.


the mass of the body is the amount of quantity in it

weight - the gravitational force acting on an object with mass

gravitational field strength - force per unit mass

g = W/m

Density:

density - mass per unit volume

p = m/v

to find densityy or irregularly shaped solid:

step 1 - find its mass of mass balance


step 2 - find volume by adding it into a measuring cylinder filled with water and
measure change in volume
step 3 - use the density equation

to find mass of liquid:

step 1 - find mass of cylinder on mass balance


step 2 - add water and find mass of water and cylinder
step 3 - substract mass of cylinder from cylinder and water

higher dense objects will sink and lower dense objects will float. This goes for
two liquids together.

Forces:

force - it is a push or a pull

friction - force between two surfaces rubbing against eachother that may impede
motion and produce heating

friction is also known as drag which acts on an object moving through liquid or gas

Springs:

Hooke's law - extension is dirrectly proportional to force

This is only true if limit of proportionality is not exceeded


- it is thhe point at which an object can maximum extend without becoming
permanently disfigured

spring constant - force per unit extension


k = f/x

Friction:

friction - it is the force that opposes one surface moving or trying to move

- static friction - it is the force applied when and object is at the start, it is
at maximum value.
- dynamic friction - it is force applied when an object is moving, it is less than
maximum value.

Centripetal force:

It is the force that acts towards the curve's centre and keeps a body moving in a
circular path.

when radius decreases, force needs to be increased.

The motion in the circular path requires force perpendicular to its motion.

Moment of force:

it is the measure of its turning effect

moments = f*d

principle of moments -
the sum of clockwise moments about a pivot is equal to the sum of anticlockwise
moments about the same pivot.

Centre of gravity is the position at whih mass of an object is acted on. To make an
object stable. the centre of gravity should be lower and base should be larger.

Momentum:

p = m*v

resultant force is the change in momentum over time - F = m2-m1/t

Impulse:

impulse = F*(t2-t1) = Change in momentum

Principle of conservation of energy:


Energy cannot be created nor destroyed it can only be converted from one form to
another.

Kinetic energy: 1/2*m*v2


Gravitational energy: m*g*h

Work:

work = F*d = change in energy

Efficiency:

efficiency = useful energy output/useful energy input *100

Power:
power - work done per unit tim and energy transferred per unit time.

power = W/t = change in energy/t

Pressure:

pressure = force per unit area

P = F/a

Pressure in liquids increase when density increases and height increases.

P = density * g * h

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