STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY

PRACTICES IN TECHNICAL WORKSHOPS AND LABORATORIES IN

GOVERNMENT TECHNICAL COLLEGES, KADUNA STATE

BY

SAMUEL BLESSING
KPT/CST/15/10136

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION

COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
KADUNA POLYTECHNIC,
KADUNA
In Affiliation With
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA

SEPTEMBER, 2021

i
 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this project titled STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY PRACTICES IN WORKSHOPS AND LABORATORIES

IN GOVERNMENT TECHNICAL COLLEGES, KADUNA STATE was carried out by

Blessing Samuel with registrations number KPT/CST/15/10136 in the Department of Electrical

Technology Education, College of Technical and Vocational Education, Kaduna Polytechnic has

satisfactorily completed the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Technology in

Electrical/Electronic Technology Education. The work embodied in this project is original and

has not been submitted in part or whole for any other diploma or degree of this or any other

university.

_________________________ ____________________
Blessing Samuel Date
KPT/CST/15/10136

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 APPROVAL PAGE

This project has been read and approved as meeting the requirement for the award of Bachelor of

Technology Degree in Electrical/Electronic Technology, Department of Electrical/Electronic

Technology Education, College of Technical and Vocational Education, Kaduna Polytechnic in

Affiliation with Federal University of Technology Minna.

_______________________ __________________
Mal. Hadi M. Adamu Date
Project Supervisor

________________________ ____________________

Dr. (Mrs.) Naomi I. Nuhu Date

Project Coordinator

_______________________ __________________
Dr. S. S. Imam Date
Head of Department

_______________________ __________________
External Examiner Date

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 DEDICATION

This Project is dedicated to God Almighty for his love and protection over my life throughout

my studies.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Glory be to God Almighty for His mercy and kindness towards me. I wish to thank my project

supervisor Mal. Hadi Mohammed. Adamu for his patience, endurance, support and

encouragement. Despite his tight schedule, he still gives his to me for the success of this study.

My special appreciation to the Head of Department, Dr. S. S. Imam and all the lecturers of

Electrical Technology Department for their advice guidance and encouragement towards the

success of this project.

I cannot forget my beloved parents and families who supported me morally and financially

towards the successful completion of my programme.

I would also like to appreciate my course mates and friends in the school whom assisted me

throughout the period of this study Abraham, Maria Innocent, Mustapha and Hissah Ibrahim just

to mention but a few. Thank you for everything you’ve done. See you at the very top.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page ________________________________________________________________i
Approval page_____________________________________________________________ii
Declaration_______________________________________________________________iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgment v
Table of contents vi
List of table viii
Abstract ix
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction
Background of the study 1
Statement of the problem 2
Purpose of the study 3
Research questions 4
Significance of the study 3
Scope of the study 4
CHAPTER TWO: Review of Related Literature
The development of Safety Standard in Nigeria 5
Measures to be taken to reduce accident in technical workshop and laboratories 6
Type of Accident that Commonly Occur in Technical Workshop/Laboratory 9
Strategies for Enforcement of Safety in Technical Workshop/Laboratory 10
Empirical Framework (Review of Empirical Data) 11
Summary of review of Related Literature 15
CHAPTER THREE:Methodology
Research Design 17
Area of the Study 17
Population of the Study 17
Sampling and Sampling Techniques 18
Instrument for Data Collection 18
Validation of the Instrument 19
Reliability of the Instrument 19

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Method for Data Collection 19
Method of Data Analysis 19
CHAPTER FOUR: Data Presentation and Analysis
Data presentation and analysis 21
Discussion of Findings 24
CHAPTER FIVE: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
Re-statement of the procedure 26
Summary of Procedure Used 26
Major Findings 27
Implications of the study 27
Conclusion 27
Recommendations 28
Suggestions for further studies 28
Limitation 29
References 30
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Population Distribution Table ____________________________________________19
Table 2: Mean of response of students and teachers on how often accident occur

in the workshop of Government Technical College Kaduna State.

Table 3: Mean of response of students and teachers on the level

of safety awareness between staff and student of Government

Technical College Kaduna State ______________________________22

Table 4: Mean of response of students and teachers on the method

of reducing the rate of accidents in Government Technical

College Kaduna State ______________________________________23

APPENDIX

Appendix A: Letter of Introduction for Candidate Conducting Research Work ____________33

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Appendix B

Appendix C

viii
 Abstract

This project Strategies for improving the implementation of Safety Practices in Technical
Workshops and Laboratories in Government Technical Colleges, Kaduna State was carried out
at Government Technical Colleges in Kaduna state. Three research questions were formulated to
guide the study. The design adopted was a descriptive survey. The population of the study was
105 which consist of 84 students of Government Technical College and 21 technical teachers
including Heads of Departments of the Department, 3 schools were sampled, the total population
for the sampled schools were used. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the
study and the instrument was personally collected by the researcher and mean statistics was
employed to analyze data relating to the research questions. Some findings of the study reveal
that accidents occur frequently in workshops, there is no adequate level of workshop safety
awareness among the students. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that:
students should be more careful while working in technical workshops. School Management
should ensure that tools and equipment are adequately maintained in the workshops of
Government Technical Colleges. New students should be giving safety orientation before they
start using the Technical Workshops and equipment.

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

It is an indisputable fact that where ever work is done with machine or hand tools

there is likelihood of accident occurring causing injuries to people, damages to machines,

tools and materials in a work place. Alake, (1998). This accident may be caused by the

worker’s commission or omissions, in technical schools’ workshops and laboratories that are

equipped with a variety of tools, machines, equipment and substances for teaching and

learning. These schools, full of inexperienced students, need to be protected and prevented

from engaging in acts capable of causing accidents. As a result, safety rules and regulations

must be devised and enforced for smooth interaction and operation. They must be encouraged

in whatever ways feasible to observe these rules and regulations. These safe working habits,

if imbibed in Technical Schools workshops, would help school leavers function safely in

industries. As such, some of these rules and regulations are going to be carefully analyse in

this study as personal safety, safety at the work bench, safety on machines and general safety

in technical workshops which we all believe, would be of immense importance to Technical

Schools personnel. Remember, it is better to be safe anywhere anytime than to be sorry as

people would choose to sympathize with victims of accidents even when the victims are the

cause of such accidents. Alake, (1998)

According to Sara (2004) accident is an unexpected event that occurs resulting in

interruption in the completion of an activity. Accidents have serious effect upon the

individual worker, equipment, materials and production output. It causes significant loss of

time to the establishment, work hours and time to attend to the victim. Jain (2008) pointed out

that accident effect the family of its victim causing on anxiety to members. It becomes worst

if the accident is fatal and results in death of its victim, his skill is lost forever, his family is

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indirectly broken up, and his place in the technical workshops/laboratories may take some

time or years to be filled by a substitute. This increases a burden on the establishment where

he worked and the society at large.

However, accident can be avoided by taking certain measures of safety precautions,

the concern of this investigation is to assess the extent to which safety practices are being

enforced by technical teachers in general technical workshops and laboratories in Technical

Colleges in Kaduna state.

It has been observed that a lot of accidents that occur in workshops or industries are

because of what Alake (1998), referred to as lack of safety awareness among workers in both

workshops and industries. The workshop which is the back bone of any functional Technical

Education is according to Simpson (1998) home of all kinds of materials, equipment and

tools and machines that move during work process. These pose a danger not only to shop

workers but materials, tools machinery and installations. It has become of paramount

importance that students should develop good safety consciousness.

Safety consciousness could be defined as the mental alertness of an individual which

serves as guide for his conduct, behaviors and even actions to the end that he will be free

from injury accident or danger, Jadas, (2015). It could also mean mental or emotional guide

for personal conduct while working and living in highly mechanized world. Dnuoh (2001),

Sara (2004) and Jain (2008) the way of avoiding accident in the workshop is ways of

avoiding accident in the workshop in classified in three groups:

1. Safety instruction which can be carried out in classroom or on safety booklets.

Safety

training should be impacted to various students.

2. Provision of safety materials/devices. Students should be able to participate which in

turn will improve stability reduce cost of maintenance and medical bills.

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3. Safety rules and regulations in workshop will also be adhere to mode of dressing,

handling lifting heavy equipment, handling of inflammable items.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Workplace safety is very important for each and every student and staff in the

workshop because it is their desire to work in a safe and protected atmosphere. Safety

practices is the key to the safety of all users of the workshop. Safety practices is the key to the

safety of all users of the workshop. Safety practices apply to employees involved in the

operation and maintenance of the work environment, tools, materials and equipment. This

includes instructors, workshop technicians, machine operators, cleaners, and other operations

personnel, as well as students involved in implementation, compliance and enforcement of

safety practices in the workshop. Improper implementation of safety precaution in technical

workshop/laboratories can be very hazardous leading to even/loss of life. Improper

implementation of safety precaution causes damages to workshop/laboratories equipment and

machines as well as persons. However, there is still poor compliances of students to the use

the necessary safety gadgets such as muffler and respirator during practical in the workshop

(Azodo, Adinife & Adejuyigbe, 2013); poor concern for minor faults and problem of

workshop tools and equipment (Omeje & Omeje, 2014); and poor application of important

safety skills in managing the school workshop (Omeje & Omeje, 2014). These prompted the

researcher to carry out a study on the strategies for implementation of safety practice in

workshops and laboratories in government technical college in Kaduna State.

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1.3 Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the study is strategies for improving the implementation of safety practices in

technical workshops, specifically, the study tends to:

1. Find out the causes of accidents in the workshops and laboratories in Technical

Colleges in Kaduna state.

2. Find out the level of safety awareness among the students of Technical College in

Kaduna state.

3. Identify the measures that need be taken to reduce the rate of accidents in the

technical colleges workshops and laboratories in Kaduna state.

1.4 Research Questions

The following research questions were formulated to guide the study:

1. What are the causes of accident in the workshops and laboratories of Kaduna state

Technical Colleges?

2. What is the level of safety awareness among staff and students of Kaduna state

Technical Colleges?

3. What measure need to be taken to reduce the rate of accidents in Kaduna State

Technical College?

1.5 Significance of the Study

The findings of this study will be of immense benefit to the students of the Technical

College in Kaduna state who will understand the importance of safety rules and regulations

because it will assist them in the workshops and laboratories. The Technical workshops and

laboratories instructors would also benefit from the study since there are strategies that could

be adopted to improve safety enforcement in the Technical workshops and laboratories.

Educational researchers would also benefit from the study since it provides more

researchable recommendations. The Administrators, teachers, the board and parents will also

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benefit from this study by providing guidelines for obeying rules and regulations in technical

workshop and laboratory.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The study will be conducted in Technical College Kaduna state owned by Kaduna state

government all other technical colleges are therefore not within the scope of this study. The

study is also limited to safety practice in the Workshops and Laboratories of this College.

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter reviewed literature relevant is the study under the following sub-headings:

 Conceptual framework

 The development of Safety Standard in Nigeria.

 Causes of Accidents in Technical Workshops and laboratories.

 Measures to be taken to reduce accidents in Technical Workshops and laboratories

 Types of Accidents commonly in occurrence in Technical Workshop and Laboratory.

 Strategies

 Review of Empirical data

 Summary of Reviewed Literature

2.1 Conceptual Framework

Workshops and laboratories are typically considered as highly hazardous place in the

school when addressing safety issues, therefore the improvement of implementation of safety

practice is needed and has to be incorporated.

The purpose of this study was to determine the strategies for improving the

implementation of safety practices in workshop and laboratories in Kaduna state.

 What are safety standards and practices

 What are the causes of accidents

 What are accidents and their causes

 Measures to reduce accidents

2.2 The Development of Safety Standard in Nigeria

Safety standards are laid down rules and guidelines written down and backed by

registration to check the menaces of increasing rate of industrialization. Sani etal, (2000),

describe that safety standards have evoked out of necessity as the higher percentage of

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accidents in the world today. Safety standard are either prescribed by government, industries

concerned or organization where non safety environment prevail. Faulty machine design and

installation without regard to the provision of factories act (2009) section 15, which state that

every part of machine and all dangerous parts of other machineries etc. must be securely

guarded, unless they are in such a position or of such construction as to be safe of every

person working on the premises as they could be securely guarded. Worn spanners, files

without handles and loose hammer heads are potential causes of accident is the Technical

workshop. Equally, carrying sharp cutting tools in overall pockets, walking through restricted

areas marked with barriers or long pieces of material or equipment unasserted can cause

accident as they may hit other equipment or work man on machine operation .

2.3 Causes of Accident in Technical Workshop and Laboratories

Jain (2005) classified causes of accident in the Technical Workshop and Laboratory in

to the following:

1. Environmental factors like illumination or lack of proper illumination will in pair vision

on ventilation and instability which is very dangerous in technical workshops and

laboratories, that include noise, dust, non-cleanliness among others.

2. Human factors which include ignorance or failure of the shop worker to understand

hazards involved. Taking chance, forget fullness, alcoholism, fatigue, bore down and

carelessness. Others include personal instability age and over confidence.

3. Material factors: - These include broken down safety guards, equipment inadequate

maintenance which causes accident in the Technical workshop and laboratory but

reduces the useful life span of equipment poor and distribution of safety signs in the

Technical workshops/laboratories.

According to Onuaha (2001) silent or brief on safety in the Technical workshops and

laboratories and the silence presupposes that safety is left to the discretion of the instructors.

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Introduction of a comprehensive safety programmed in the School Technical Workshops and

laboratories are given safety orientation to new students even before using the Technical

workshops/laboratories. Attah (2007) provide instruction in the use of all hand tools, machine

and equipment keeping a record of each student’s safety training and other personal

protective equipment in place, while working in the Technical Workshops and laboratories.

This provide protective guide and ensure that they are used whenever a machine is operated

in the Technical workshop. Beware of emotional disturbance and accident proven students as

some of those that have accident on jobs that seem quite safe where they require close

supervision.

Check Technical workshop facilities regularly to ensure safe condition. Given special

attention to machine layout, equipment guarding, storage and condition of hand tools and

making recommendation to management for improving safety condition. Attah (2007)

described that students and other shop workers on their own part can reduce occurrence of

accident in technical workshop by observing personal safety rules of clothing, removal of

loose fitting, outer garments, roll up shirt sleeves above elbow, wearing protective clothing

and use of safety shoes or leather shoes with thick sole that can reduce the chance of accident.

Removal of jewelry, wrist watches, bangles, neck tie, neck laces, when working with

metal/keeping ones workspace clear and avoid walking in restricted areas. Walk not runs in

the Technical Workshops and laboratories. Keep your work bench tidy, remove scraps and

brush off chips regularly.

Do not carry too many cutting tools at once and when passing a pointed tool or sharp

tool to a shop mate, pass then through the handle. Do not carry sharp or edge cutting tool on

your open pocket. When carrying sharp edge or pointed tool such as chisel, bits, knives,

scribers, etc. hold them close to the edge with their cutting edge point down wards. Store

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tools in tool kit or tool rack in their respective places immediately after use to avoid

accidental fall or obstruction that leads to injury.

Dully tools can cause accident from extra effort require to use them and jagged edge

can cause an injury for someone. To reduce accident resulting from machine faults, see that

machine parts, such as guides belts fence, tool rest, cutters, etc are properly filled. Do not use

a machine with faulty parts and make sure the machine tools are properly oiled.

Guards should be positioned and secured and obtain permission before using a

machine. Always observe mechanical safety rules, check materials for safe use on machine

tools. Select and use tools and machines correctly. Loose work piece could get through out of

the machine and course severe injury to persons in their direction. Taking measurement while

the machine is in progress should be avoided it could lead to accident.

Electrical terminals should be protected to prevent accidental contact with live parts.

Wires connected to them, must have the minimum exposed conductors, treat all conductors in

the vary connection must be safe and electrically sound. High voltage equipment should have

an earth connection attached and all metal part must be adequately earthed. Knowing the

position of alarms, five extinguishers, buckets with sand fire exist and know which fire

extinguisher to be use on ever type of fire.

2.4 Measures to Be Taken to Reduce Accident in Technical Workshops and Laboratories

The best way to reduce Accidents in the Workshops and laboratories is to be proactive

with prevention. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. There are many ways to

prevent Accidents but implementing these methods, you need to be consistent and

communicate your expectation clearly. To successfully reduce Accidents in the Workshops

and laboratories, review the following list of safety suggestion.

1. Put formal safety policies and procedure in place.

2. Put someone in charge of safety in the Workshops and Laboratories.

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3. Communicate your expectations for a safe work environment.

4. Inspect your facility regularly with your safety coordinator.

5. Have the right tools available so that the Students don’t have to improvise.

6. Schedule regularly training for all scenarios that pose a risk for Accidents.

7. Make sure your Workshops and laboratories entrances and exits are fully operational and

easily accessible.

8. Clearly mark potential safety concern with the proper signage and instruction.

The Technical workshops and laboratories is a place where all sort of equipment and

tools are used. An accident according to Sara (2004) Stated that accident is an unexpected

event that occurs-resulting to interruption of the completion of an activity. Mcdung as sited

by Ajasafe et al, (2007) maintained that, it is not necessary, but most often resulting to

damage to the property, injury or even death to a person.

2.5 Type of Accident that Commonly Occur in Technical Workshops and

Laboratories

Talking of Technical workshops and laboratories accident, work shop accident is that

unforeseen or unexpected fire outbreak which occurs in a Technical workshops and

laboratories.

Generally Technical workshops and laboratories accident is an unpleasant occurrence that

happens unexpectedly and causes injury or damage.

There are various types of Technical workshops and laboratories accidents in

technical workshop:

1. Body injury from spoilt machine tools

2. Injury from broken tools or metallic objects

3. Cutting of hand or other part of the body when cutting objects

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 4. Accident from loose dresses, neck ties and dwell having caught up by moving

machine parts.

5. Sharp metal cuts, burns or bruises to shop worker

6. An accident from slip and fall from slippery or oily floor.

7. Sudden grabs, jam and break off by drill causing injury.

8. Explosion of chemicals, finances crucible resulting to burns of various degree, fire

outbreak, etc.

2.6 Strategies for Enforcement of Safety in Technical Workshops and Laboratories

The main goals of strategies for enforcement of safety in technical workshop are to

determine or reduce unsafe behaviors of workers in the Technical Workshops and

laboratories and to encourage all Technical Workshops and Laboratories users to obey rules

and regulations of the Technical Workshops and Laboratories.

Enforcement is one of the complementary strategies that use to enable more students

to work in the technical workshops and laboratories safety. But enforcement used alone will

not likely have a long-term effect. Teacher and Technologist must utilised the combination of

enforcement, engineering, education and encouragement strategies to address the specific

needs of their school Technical workshops and laboratories and achieve long- term results.

In order to ensure the condition that warrants safety, health and reduction in Mean

Time between Failure (MTBF) of tools and machinery in the technical workshops and

laboratories and Sara (2004) referred to it as safety consciousness. It is possible to reduce the

risk of accident by properly educating student in technical workshops and laboratories.

The development of safe working habits on a personalized basis, promotion of

students, participation in safety awareness and a corrective action when rules are ignored,

safety programmed are enforce to students, through safety orientation of all new students in

the technical workshops and laboratories for accident preventive measures even before using

11
the technical workshops and laboratories. Despite the enforcement of safety rules as

stipulated above, students don’t seem to comply fully. However, if accidents are to be

avoided in the technical workshops and laboratories, students must develop positive attitude

towards safety and observation in totality of all safety rules and regulations.

2.7 Review of Empirical Data

Deebom, Tambari & Obulor, (2018) conducted a study on implementation of safety

practice for Enhancing quality in instructional delivery in Electrical/electronic works in River

state technical colleges. A descriptive research survey design guided the study. The

population of the study consist of 27 respondents (18 teachers and 9 instructors) of

electrical/electronic trades. There were no sample and sampling techniques due to small

population size. Four research questions were answered. The instrument used for data

collection was a structured questionnaire which was validated by two experts. The instrument

for the study was partitioned into four sections. Sections A to D were patterned after Likert 5

point rating scale of agreement. A reliability coefficient of 0.85 was established for the

instrument using Cronbach Alpha coefficient reliability method. Mean and standard deviation

were used to answer the research questions. The reviewed study is similar to the present

study. Both studies targets safety practices in the technical college’s workshop. The reviewed

study is different from the present study because the highlighted study was carried out in

Rivers state while the present study will be carried out in Kaduna state. The reviewed study

focuses on Electrical/electronic workshops while the present study focuses on the workshops

and laboratories.

Qasim, Bashir, Shan, Malik, Anees, Ghani, Khalid, Malik & Hanan (2014) carried out

a study on Concept of occupational health and safety and evaluation of awareness level

among employees. Study was conducted at shoe factory of Gujrat (Pakistan). In this study,

both primary and secondary data is used primary data collected through observation/walk

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through survey and structured questionnaire by 655 employees of the industry. The required

secondary data and information was collected from various publications such as books,

journals, magazines published and unpublished dissertations, newspapers and internet and

also primary data collection through closed ended questionnaire, exploratory as well as

descriptive methods are used to analyze the data and information. Presentation of produced

data is used in tables and necessary maps and a diagram is used whenever appropriate. After

analyzing and interpreting the data and information, a conclusion is drawn and a

recommendation is made. The highlighted study is similar with the present study. Both

studies are concerned with the safety of users of a workplace/workshop. The reviewed study

and the present study are different because the reviewed study examines the concept of

occupational health and safety and evaluation of awareness level among employees while the

present study will examine the strategies from implementation of safety practices in

workshop in technical college Kaduna. The reviewed study was carried out in India while the

present study will be carried out in Nigeria.

Arquillos & Rubio-Romero (2016) conducted a study on analysis of workplace

accidents in automotive repair workshops in Spain. To analyze the effects of the factors

associated with different types of injury (superficial wounds, dislocations and sprains, bone

fractures, concussion and internal injuries, burns scalding and freezing) caused by

occupational accidents in automotive repair workshops. Study of a sample consisting of

89,954 industry accidents reported from 2003 to 2008. Odds ratios were calculated with a

95% confidence interval. Results from the shows that belonging to a small company is a risk

factor for suffering three of the five types of injury studied. Women are less likely to suffer

burns and superficial wounds, and more like to suffer dislocations or sprains. Foreign

workers are more likely to suffer concussion and internal injuries. In conclusion, health and

safety strategies and accident prevention measures should be individualized and adapted to

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the type of worker most likely to be injured in each type of accident. Occupational health and

safety training courses designed according to worker profile, and improving the participation

of the workers in small firms creating regional or roving safety representative would improve

working conditions. The highlighted stud is different from the present study in the

highlighted study analyzed workplace accidents in automobile workshop while the present

study seeks strategies for implementation of safety practice in workshops and laboratories in

government technical college, Kaduna.

The highlight study was carried out in Spain while the present study will be carried

out in Kaduna, Kaduna Nigeria. The two studies are similar because they both targets

accidents in the workshop. Also, Asconcelos & Junior (2015) carried out a study on the

causes of work place accidents and their relation to construction equipment design. This

study aims to analyze a workplace accident on a construction site, in the area of solid waste

recycling, in order to identify the causes of the accident and propose solutions to the design

of the construction equipment. A technical analysis of the fatal accident was designed based

on an on-site inspection of the accident, meetings and testimony gathering, a report on the

nature of the event, a probable description of the accident and a proposal for corrective and

preventive measures. Amongst the possible causes of this fatal accident are: failure in the

design of the mobile crushing equipment, inadequate instructions from the manufacturer

regarding the use of the bridge, inappropriate operating procedures, and lack of training on

the part of the management team. Finally, corrective and preventive measures were proposed,

focusing on the design of the product involved in the accident. The highlighted study is

different from the present study. The highlighted study studies construction workplace

accident while the present will study accidents in the workshop in technical colleges. The

reviewed study was carried out in Brazil while the present study will be carried out in

14
Kaduna, Kaduna state. The reviewed study is similar to the present study because both

studies targets accidents in the workplace/workshop.

Furthermore, Abdullahi (2017) conducted a study on exploring polytechnic students’

awareness of safety equipment and precautions for sustainable working environment in

school workshops. A total of 130 National Diploma Engineering Student participated in the

survey, who filled out questionnaire with 15 items measuring awareness of workshop safety

precautions. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data. The results showed that a

majority of students have between moderate to high level of awareness of workshop safety

precaution excepts in 3 items where students have between low and zero level awareness.

Furthermore the results showed 3 items with high mean scores of 3.09, 3.24 and 3.01

respectively. The overall result indicates that students have quite awareness on safety has

influenced the environmentally safe working condition in the polytechnic workshops.

Hrymak & Perezgnozalez (2007) carried out a study on the costs and effects of workplace

accidents. Twenty workplace accidents were investigated from various work sectors and

locations around Ireland. The term accident was broadly define and includes stress and

violence related incidents. The twenty case studies comprised an almost equal mix of public

and private sector employments; including health, manufacturing, construction and local

authority sectors. The injured employees were from a range of occupations; the majority

worked in larger sized companies or organizations. The work based accidents included falls,

accidents while using machine or equipment, manual handling incidents, driving or motor

vehicle accidents, stress related incidents, and verbal and physical abuse. The accidents

occurrence between 1995 and 2006. Eleven of the injured employees were male, nine were

female. The reviewed study is different from the present study. The reviewed study focused

on the costs and effects of workplace accidents while the present study focused on strategies

15
for implementation of safety practice in the workshops in government technical college

Kaduna, Kaduna.

2.8 Summary of Review of Related Literature

This chapter reviewed literature on the study which covered the development of safety

standard in Nigeria, the causes of accidents in Technical Workshops and laboratories, the

measures to reduce accidents in Technical Workshops and Laboratories and the types of

accidents commonly in occurrence in Technical Workshops and Laboratories.

The development of safe working habits is a personalized basis, promotion of

students, participation in safety awareness and a corrective action when rules are ignored,

safety programmed are enforced to students through safety orientation of all new students in

the Technical Workshops and Laboratories.

The Technical Workshops and Laboratories is a place where all sort of equipments

and tools are used. An accident according to Sara (2004) stated that accident is an unexpected

event that occur-resulting to interruption of the completion of an activity. Mcdung as sited by

Ajasafe et al, (2007) maintained that, it is not necessary, but must often resulting to damage

to the property, injury or even death to a person.

The best way to reduce accidents in the Workshops and laboratories is to be proactive

with prevention. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.

The main goals of strategies for enforcement of safety in Technical Workshops are to

determine or reduce unsafe behaviors of workers in the Technical Workshops and

Laboratories and to encourage all Technical Workshops and Laboratories users to obey rules

and regulations of the Technical Workshops and Laboratories.

16
 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the method and procedure adapted in carrying out the research

work, such as the design of the study, Area of the study, population, Sampling, Description of

the instrument for data collection, Validation of the Instrument, Reliability of the Instrument,

Method of data collection and method of data analysis.

3.1 Research Design

The study will adopt a survey design method. According to Osuola (2001) survey

design focus on people’s beliefs, opinion attitudes, motivation and behavior, by collecting

and analyzing data from the sample considered to be representative of the entire population.

Therefore, the researcher considers it.

3.2 Area of the Study

The area of the study is Kaduna state North-western Nigeria. Kaduna state share the

land boundary with Zamfara state, Katsina state, Kano state to the North, Bauchi and Plateau

State to the East, Nasarawa state to the South, Niger to the West, Abuja to the South West.

3.3 Population of the study

The population for this study constitutes all the Technical Teachers and all Students

of Kaduna state Technical College. The technical colleges are:

Government Technical College, Malali,

Government Technical College, Soba,

Government Technical College, Kajuru,

Government Technical College, Samaru Kataf,

Government Technical College, Fadan-Chawai

The breakdown of population is as presented below:

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 Table 1: Population Distribution Table

Name of School No of Teachers No of Students Total

Government Technical College, Malali 3 18 21
Government Technical College, Soba 3 16 19
Government Technical College, Kajuru 4 16 20
Government Technical College, Samaru 3 13 16
Kataf
Government Technical College, Fadan- 2 27 29
Chawai
Total 21 84 105
Source: (Researcher, 2021)

3.4 Sample and Sampling Technique

The stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select the schools. One

school from each senatorial zone were selected at random. Government Technical College

Malali was selected in Kaduna Central, Government Technical College Kajuru in Kaduna

North and Government Technical College, Samaru Kataf in Kaduna South was selected at

random. While the entire population of the school selected were used, this make the total

sample to 56.

3.5 Instrument for Data Collection

The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The

questionnaire was structured according to four (4) point rating scale. The four point rating for

the respondent is designed with Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly

Disagree (SD). For all categories of respondents. The questionnaire has two parts: part A for

personal data where the respondents are expected to fill in some blank spaces. Part B

questionnaire items which is divided in to (3) three sections.

Section “1” contains 5 items to find out how often do accident occur in the workshops of

Kaduna State Technical College.

Section “2” has 6 items on the level of safety awareness among the staff and students.

18
Section “3” has twelve items seeking to elicit information on measure need to be taken to

reduce the rate of accidents in the workshop and laboratories of Kaduna state Technical

Colleges.

The respondents are expected to respond by ticking () in the provided boxes

3.6 Validation of the Instrument

The questionnaire was validated by two experts from College of Vocational and

Technical Education Kaduna Polytechnic. They examined the appropriateness and adequacy

of all items of the questionnaire in providing appropriate response or data for answering each

of the item.

3.7 Reliability of the Instrument

Pilot test instrument was carried out to determine the reliability of the Instrument. In

this regard, the questionnaire was administered to twenty Teachers and thirty-seven Students.

The data was collected and analyzed. The instrument was found to be 0.75 reliability

coefficient.

3.8 Method of Data Collection

The researcher and the research assistant collected the data from the respondents. To

ensure proper retrieval of the questionnaire, the research assistants were trained for a day for

the administration and collection of the questionnaire.

3.9 Method of Data Analysis

The data collected was presented in a tabular form and responses was calculated using

statistical mean followed by detailed interpretations. The mean of each item was computed.

From the raw score obtained from the responses to the items on the questionnaire. A decision

rule of 2.50 (cut off mean) was used. This implies that any item with mean response of 2.50

and above is considered Agree and any item with mean response below 2.50 is considered as

disagree based on the rating scale.

19
 The mean response with appropriate nominal values (raw score) and dividing by the

number of respondents to each item as show below.

Efx
The mean formula is x =
N

Where E = Summation

F = Frequency

x = Weight of scale

N = number of subject

X = nominal value of each response option.

20
 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

This chapter deals with presentation and analysis of data that was collected for this

study and discussion of the findings. The items with mean score of 2.50 and above are

considered as agreed while the items with scores below 2.50 are considered as disagreed.

4.1 Presentation and Analysis of Data

The data was presented and analyzed based on the research questions which guided

the study.

Table 2: Mean of Response of Students and teachers on how often accidents occur in the

workshop of Government Technical College Kaduna State?

S/N Item Mean Decision

1. Accident happens daily in one workshop or another but most 3.60 Agreed
of them go unnoticed or are not reported.
2. Serious accidents that required prompt medical attention 3.00 Agreed
occur two to three times per school term.
3. Sometimes up to ten (10) cases of bloody- spilling accident 2.60 Agreed
are reported annually in the school.
4. No serious accidents are reported in the school for the past 2.70 Agreed
three years
5. Accidents do not occur at all. 1.70 Disagreed
Grand mean 2.70 Agreed

From the above table, five items were presented to answer research question 1. Table 1 shows

that respondents agreed with items 1, 2, 3 and 4, and disagreed with 5 on the question how

often do accident occur in Government Technical College Kaduna State.

21
Table 3: The mean of response of students and teachers on the level of safety awareness

between staff and students of Government Technical College Kaduna.

S/N Item Mean Decision

6. Staff and students are aware of the workshop safety rules 3.30 Agreed

7. Staff and student are aware of the appropriate workshop 3.30 Agreed

safety wears.

8. Staff and students are exposed to adequate safety training. 3.00 Agreed

9. Students are well supervised on the observation of safety 2.10 Disagreed

rules

10. Staff and student are not adequately aware of accident 2.10 Disagreed

management issues and the use of first aid box

11. Staff and student are non-challan of the safety rules. 2.80 Agreed

Grand mean 2.76 Agreed

From the above table, six items were presented to answer research question 2. Table 2 shows

that the respondents agreed with items 6, 7, 8 and 11, and disagreed with item 9 and 10 on the

level of safety awareness between staff and student of Government Technical College

Kaduna State.

22
Table 4: The mean of responses of students and teachers on the method of reducing the

rate of accidents in Government Technical College Kaduna.

S/N Item Mean Decision

12. Wearing of personal protective equipment 3.80 Agreed

13. Never take a job for which you have not been train for. 3.20 Agreed

14. Always follow safety rules of the workshop. 3.70 Agreed

15. Always work according to instructors’ directives 3.10 Agreed

16. Use proper tools for the job at hand. 3.70 Agreed

17. Always read manufacturers instruction before usage. 3.60 Agreed

18. Keep the walkway free from obstacles and moisture. 3.50 Agreed

19. Train and retrain workshop attendants 3.40 Agreed

20. Regular orientation on safety. 3.50 Agreed

21. Place materials of safety sign in workshop 3.10 Agreed

22. Turn on the current at the switch box before any repair job. 3.70 Agreed

23. Avoid using equipments with damages insulator. 3.70 Agreed

Grand mean 3.50 Agreed

From the above table, twelve items were presented to answer research question 3. Table 3

shows that the respondents agreed with all the items on the measures that need to necessarily

be taken to reduce the rate of accidents in Government Technical College Kaduna state.

23
4.2 Discussion of Findings

The discussion of the findings is based on the research questions. Under the research

question one, the findings of the study from table 1 shows the respondents agrees that

accident occurs often in the school workshops daily and sometimes blood spilling accidents

are reported annually in a school. This supports the work of Hrymak & Pérezgonzález (2007)

which indicated that accident occurs daily in the workshop, most of which are unreported.

Even though the findings showed that serious accident that require medical attention does not

occur two to three times in a term and also no serious accident is reported in the school for

the past three years, accident do not occur. The data clearly shows there is no adequate record

of accidents in the workshops in Governmental Technical College, Kaduna.

In research question two, findings from the study under table 2 shows that the

respondents disagree on the level of safety awareness between staff and students of

Government Technical College. Findings indicated that students are not well supervised in

the observation of safety rules. Also, staff and students are aware of accident management

issues and the use of first aid. This does not support the work of Kaduna et al (2014) that 95

percent of workers do not have training how to use fire extinguisher in emergency and 89

percent of workers don’t know how to use alarm in emergency. The findings of this study is

not in consonance with the work of Abdullahi (2017) who revealed that a majority of students

have between moderate to high level of awareness of workshop safety precaution.

Furthermore, findings indicate that students have quite a high level of awareness of workshop

safety. The work of Abdullahi further revealed that students’ high level of awareness on

safety has influenced the environmentally safe working condition in the polytechnic

workshops.

Under research question three, analysed in table 3, respondents agreed to wearing

personal protective equipment, Never take a job for which you have not been train for,

24
Always follow safety of the workplace, use proper tool for the job at hand, keep the walkway

free from obstacle, always read manufacturers instruction before usage, keep the work way

free from obstacles and moistures, regular orientation on safety, train and retrain workshop

attendants and regular orientation on safety as measures to be taken to reduce the rate of

accident in Government Technical College, Kaduna. This is in consonance with the work of

Deebom, Tambari, & Obulor. (2018) in identifying some measures for minimizing the rate of

accidents in the workshop. Also, Osang, Obi & Ewona as cited in Deebom et al

(2018)discovery was in consonance with the present finding that to avoid or minimize

accidents in the laboratory or workshop, these workshop safety and precision need to be

observed: read carefully and understand all the rules before using the workshop; do not run in

the workshop; wear strong shoes plus thick soles; get first aid immediately for any injury; be

sure you have sufficient light to see clearly; don’t wear ring, watches, bracelets or other

jewelry that could get caught in moving machinery; keep the floor free of oil, grease or any

other liquid and always clear up the workshop among others.

25
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter present the summary of the study under the following sub-headings:

(a) Re-statement of the problem

(b) Summary of procedure used

(c) Major findings

(d) Implications of the finding

(e) Conclusion

(f) Recommendation

(g) Suggestion for further study

(h) Limitation of the study

5.1 Re-statement of the Problem

Based on the objectives of the study, the problem of this study is to identify the

strategies to be adopted in improving safety standards in Workshops and Laboratories of

Technical Colleges in Kaduna state. Onuaha (2001) described carelessness of Students in the

Workshop as a major causes of accidents in School Workshops resulting to injuries of various

degrees to individuals and equipment respectively.

5.2 Summary of Procedure Used

The research was based on the strategies for improving safety standards in Workshops

and Laboratories in Government Technical College in Kaduna state. A survey research

design was employed in this study.

The administration of the questionnaire was carried out directly by the researchers

with the assistance of research assistants who went to the Government Technical College in

Kaduna state and collected the necessary data.

26
 The data collected was analyzed by using four points rating scale. Discussion of data

was carried out item by item which the research findings were obtained. The total number of

the Teachers and Students used for this study are 105 in Kaduna Technical College. The

questionnaire developed by the researchers is based on the literature reviewed. The

questionnaire contained 23 items. Each of the items was structured in four points rating scale

for the respondents to tick in the appropriate column. It was validated by my project

supervision and two other experts in the College of Technical and Vocational Education,

Kaduna polytechnic.

5.3 Major Findings

The major findings show that: -

1. Accident happens daily in the school workshops but most of them go unnoticed or are

not reported.

2. Sometimes up to ten cases of blood spilling accident are reported annually in

Government Technical College, Kaduna.

3. There is not enough level of safety awareness between staff and students of

Government Technical College, Kaduna.

4. Measures such as wearing personal protective equipment, regular orientation on

safety, use of proper tools for the jobs at hand, and constant training of workshops

attendants are necessary to reduce the rate of accidents in Government Technical

College, Kaduna.

5. Staff and students are not adequately aware of accidents management issues and the

use of first aid box.

5.4 Implication of the Finding

The implication of the findings of the study is to support the fact that all Technical

Workshops and Laboratories accidents are directly or indirectly attributed to unsafe acts like

27
students’ carelessness in the Workshop. These result to accidents such as burns from hot

metal. However, if proper maintenance of Workshop tools and equipment are carried out and

effective Safety education programme are given to students the rate of occurrence of

accidents in Technical Workshops and Laboratories of Technical Colleges in Kaduna state

will be reduced.

5.5 Conclusion

The implementation of safety practice in Workshops and Laboratories in Technical

Workshops and Laboratories in Technical Colleges in Kaduna state is poor considering the

rate of awareness and knowledge of safety itself. In this regard, strategies have to be taken to

improve the implementation of safety standards in Workshops and Laboratories of

Government Technical Colleges in Kaduna state.

The result obtained from the study confirmed that there is high rate of accidents in the

workshops. There is not enough safety awareness between staff and students and measures

agreed to be taken to reduce the rate of accidents in Government Technical Colleges in

Kaduna state.

Finally, from the result of this study, the researcher sees the reason why safety

precaution should be improved in the Government Technical Colleges Workshops and

Laboratories as the Students are ready to comply with the strategies for improving the safety

practice in Government Technical Colleges in Kaduna state.

5.6 Recommendations

Based on the findings drawn from this study, the researcher has made the following

recommendations to the School Management, the Ministry of Education and the Students

which if implemented will go a long way to improve the enforcement of safety standard in

Government Technical Colleges in Kaduna state:

1. Students should be more careful in Technical Workshops and Laboratories

28
2. Students should use personal protective equipment where necessary

3. School Management should ensure that tools and facilities are adequately maintained

in the Technical Workshops and Laboratories of Technical Colleges in Kaduna state.

4. New Students in Technical Workshops and Laboratories should be given safety

orientation before they start using the Workshops and Laboratories of Technical

Colleges in Kaduna state.

5. Students and staff should always follow safety rules of the workshops and

laboratories.

6. Students should always work according to instructor’s directive.

5.7 Suggestion for Further Research

For further research, the following areas are suggested for other researchers to

undertake.

1. Maintenance practices in Technical Workshops of Government Technical College in

Kaduna state.

2. Implication with regard to the use of Personal Protective Equipment (P.P.E) in

Technical Workshops and Laboratories of Government Technical Colleges in Kaduna

state.

5.8 Limitation of the Study

The study is limited to finding out the strategies for improving the implementation of

safety practices in Workshops and Laboratories of Government Technical Colleges in

Kaduna state. It’s does not covers the entire technical schools in the country. It is limited to

only Government Technical Colleges in Kaduna state.

29
 References
Abdullahi, M. L. (2002). Maintenance of Workshop Tools and Equipment. Kano: Yamble
enterprises.
Ajasafe (2007), Study of safety practice in Secondary Schools
Alake, J. T (1998) Need for safety precaution in Technical Workshop. Technical Education
Today (NBTE) 8(1 & 2)
Attah, E. B. (2007). Students’ organization and dynamics of human behaviors Strategy for
making instruction in Vocational/Technical Teacher. Journal of Technical Teachers
Education (JOTTED).
Arquillos, A & Rubio-Romero, J. (2016).Analysis of Workplace Accidents in Automotive
Repair,Workshops in Spain. Safety and Health at Work.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/
j.shaw.2016.01.004
Bello Birchi Abdullahi. (2017). Exploring Polytechnic Students’ Awareness of Safety
Equipment and Precautions for Sustainable Working Environment in School
Workshops. International Journal of Science, Technology and Society. Vol. 5 (6), pp.
210-213. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20170506.16
Deebom, T., Tambari & Obulor, L. (2018). Implementation of Safety Practices for Enhancing
Quality in Instructional Delivery in Electrical/Electronic Workshops in Rivers State
Technical Colleges. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tambari
Deebom/publication/333666920f
Hrymak & Pérezgonzález (2007) Carried Out A Study On The Costs And Effects Of
Workplace Accidents. Health and Safety Authority Research Series. Retrieved from
https://www.hsa.ie/eng/Publications_and_Forms/Publications/Research_Publications/
The_costs_and_effects_of_workplace_accidents_-
_Twenty_case_studies_from_Ireland.pdfJain, R.K (2008). Production Technology
Khanna Publisher Delhi.
Onuash, S.A (2004).A Study Of Safety Practices In Selected Secondary Schools Chemistry
Laboratory In Bida Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Technical Education
Osang, J. E., Obi, E. O., &Ewona, I. O. (2013). Evaluation of the Effect of Workshop/
Laboratory Accidents and Precautionary Steps Towards Safety Practice. Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering. 6 (3): p. 16 – 22.
Osuala, T.C (2001). Research Methodology. African Feb Publisher Limited

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Patizhiko, I.M (2008). The Importance of Equipment maintenance and Repair to Effective
Operation of Technical Education Institutions in Nigeria. The Gusau Journal of
Education
Qasim, M., Bashir, A., Shan, A., Malik, M., Anees, M., Ghani, U., Khalid, M., & Malik, J.
&Hanan, F. (2014). Concept of Occupational Health and Safety and Evaluation of
Awareness Level among Employees.World Applied Sciences Journal. 32. 904-909.
10.5829/idosi.wasj.2014.32.05.81132.
Rahama, S. M, Ganga, A. D, Joseph, E, etal (2004). Safety standards (Occupational laws)
Rules. An Unpublished Research Term paper of B. ED (tech) programme in the
Department of Education (Technical), Kaduna Polytechnic.
Sani etal (2000). Strategy for making instruction in Vocational/Technical Teachers Education
Sara, H.A (2004). The Concept of Industrial Safety. An unpublished Lecture Notes for B. ED
(Tech) Programme in the Department of Education (Technical), Kaduna polytechnic.
Uzoagulu, A.E. (2003). Practical Guide to write Research Project Report in Tertiary
Institution. John Jabo’s classic publisher Ltd.
Vasconcelos, B & Junior, B. (2015). The Causes of Work Place Accidents and their Relation
to Construction Equipment Design. Procedia Manufacturing. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net

31
 APPENDIX A
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS EDUCATION, COLLEGE OF
TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, KADUNA POLYTECHNIC IN
AFFILIATION WITH FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA.
AUTO-MECHANICS TECHNOLOGY,
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC
TECHNOLOGY
METAL WORK TECHNOLOGY
WOOD WORK TECHNOLOGY
YOUR REF:
OUR REF: KPT/CST/15/10136

LETTER OF INTRODUCTION FOR CANDIDATE CONDUCTING RESEARCH

WORK

Samuel, Blessing with matric No. KPT/CST/15/10136 undergraduate Department of

Electrical/Electronic Technology Education, College of Technical and Vocational Education,

Kaduna Polytechnic, In Affiliation with, Federal University of Minna.

STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY PRACTICES

IN WORKSHOP AND LABORATORIES OF TECHNICAL COLLEGE IN KADUNA

STATE.

it would be highly appreciated if you could supply her with the necessary information she

may require from you. All information supply will be used solely for this research work and

will be treated as confidential.

Thank you so much for your cooperation.

SAMUEL BLESSING
KPT/CST/15/10136
Name of Student

APPENDIX B

32
 LETTER OF VALIDATION

Department of Electrical/Electronic Technology,

Education
College of Technical and Vocational Education,
Kaduna Polytechnic,
Kaduna.
28sth June, 2021
Dear Respondent,

STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY

PRACTICES IN TECHNICAL WORKSHOPS AND LABORATORIES IN

TECHNICAL COLLEGE KADUNA

I am an undergraduate students currently working on the above titled study. Kindly go

through and respond to the items in the questionnaire according to the best of your

knowledge and opinon to enable the successful conduct of the study.

Your respond will be treated with at most confidentially and will be used for the purpose of

this study only.

Thanks for your cooperation.

Yours Faithfully,

Blessing Samuel
KPT/CST/15/10136
Validator's Name: _________________________________________________________

Validators Rank: ___________________________________________________________

Validators Comment: ________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Signature: _________________________________________________________________

33
 APPENDIX C

KADUNA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY
EDUCATION KADUNA POLYTECHNIC, IN AFFILIATION WITH FEDERAL
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA.

QUESTIONNAIRE ON

STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY

PRACTICES IN TECHNICAL WORKSHOPS AND LABORATORIES IN

TECHNICAL COLLEGE KADUNA

PART ONE: PERSONAL DATA COLLECTION

1. Teacher ( ) Student ( )

2. Education Qualification: Degree ( ) HND ( ) ND ( ) NCE ( ) others ( )

PART TWO: RESPONSES CATEGORIES

Please read the questionnaire item carefully and tick  the response that best suit your
opinion on each item.

The response categories are;

Strongly Agree (SA) 4

Agree (A) 3

Disagree (D) 2

Strongly Disagree (SD) 1

PART THREE: CONSIST OF THREE SECTIONS

SECTION A:
Research Question One: How often do accident occur in the workshops of Government
Technical College in Kaduna State?
S/N ITEM SA A D SD
1. Accident happens daily in one workshop or another but
most of them go unnoticed or are not reported.
2. Serious accidents that required prompt medical attention
occur two to three times per school term.
3. Sometimes up to ten (10) cases of bloodly- spilling accident
are reported annually in the school.

34
 4. No serious accidents is reported in the school for the past
three years
5. Accidents do not occur at all.

SECTION B
Research question Two: What is the Level of Safety Awareness between Staff and
Student of Government Technical Colleges in Kaduna State?
S/N ITEM SA A D SD
6. Staff and students are aware of the workshop safety rules
7. Staff and student are aware of the appropriate workshop
safety wears.
8. Staff and students are exposed to adequate safety training.
9. Students are well supervised on the observation of safety
rules
10. Staff and student are not adequately aware of accident
management issues and the use of first aid box
11. Staff and student are non-challant of the safety rules

SECTION C
Research Question Three: Method of reducing the rate of Accidents in Government
Technical Colleges in Kaduna State
S/N ITEM SA A D SD
12. Wearing of personal protective equipment
13. Never take a job for which you have not been train for.
14. Always follow safety rules of the workshop.
15. Always work according to instructors’ directives
16. Use proper tools for the job at hand.
17. Always read manufacturers instruction before usage.
18. Keep the walkway free from obstacles and moisture.
19. Train and retrain workshop attendants
20. Regular orientation on safety.
21. Place materials of safety sign in workshop
22. Turn on the current at the switch box before any repair job.
23. Avoid using equipment with damages insulator.

35