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DS2 - Group #6

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29 views

DS2 - Group #6

Uploaded by

bubbakesh15
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Based on your observations, what generalization can you make about the products of combustion?

Based on my observations, I can conclude that the products of combustion requires a chemical
reaction between a fuel and an oxidizer, which produces heat and light. In the experiment, various fuels
are used namely hexane, napthalene, toluene, and ethanol. Together with oxygen (which naturally found in
the air), they create what is called a complete combustion. However, it can be seen in the experiment
that soot was formed in the dish. This is due to the lack of oxygen found in the process of combustion,
which is called an incomplete combustion.

Write the balanced chemical equations for the complete combustion of the four combustible
substances.

Look up the values for the heat of formation of the combustible materials tested and water and CO2. Also,
find the bond dissociation energies of the bonds in the combustion reactants and products.

ΔHf° Hexane -198 kJ/mol Bond dissociation energy C-C 348 kJ/mol

ΔHf° Toluene -50.1 kJ/mol Bond dissociation energy C=C 611 kJ/mol
ΔHf° Naphthalene 19.8 kJ/mol Bond dissociation energy C-H 411 kJ/mol

ΔHf° Ethanol -269.29 KJ/mol Bond dissociation energy O=O 498.34 KJ/mol

ΔHf° Carbon dioxide -393.5 KJ/mol Bond dissociation energy C=O 1076.5 KJ/mol

ΔHf° water -285.83 KJ/mol Bond dissociation energy O-H 428 KJ/mol

Cite the sources of your thermochemical data:

1. Atkins, P., & Jones, L. (2016). Chemical Principles (7th ed.). W. H. Freeman and Company.
2. Haynes, W. M. (Ed.). (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (97th ed.). CRC Press.
3. Atkins, P., & de Paula, J. (2018). Physical Chemistry (11th ed.). Oxford University Press.
4. Noller, C. R. (1966). Chemistry of Organic Compounds (3rd ed.). W.B. Saunders Company.
5. Argonne National Laboratory Active Thermochemical Tables: Selected ATcT Enthalpy of Formation
based on version 1.118 of the Thermochemical network. Ethanol Enthalpy of Formation (anl.gov)
6. LibreTexts Chemistry. 3.6: Thermochemistry. 3.6: Thermochemistry - Chemistry LibreTexts
7. Sarah, L. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of water.Is the reaction an exothermic or endothermic
reaction? MyTutor. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of water.Is the reaction an exothermic or
endothermic reaction? | MyTutor

Calculate the heats of reaction for the complete combustion of the four substances by Hess’s Law using
(a) heats of formation and (b) bond dissociation energies. Look up the heats of combustion of the four
substances and fill in the table below.

Fuel Flame Heat of Heat of reaction Heat of reaction


Appearance combustion calculated from calculated from
ΔH in kJ/mol heat of bond
formations dissociation
ΔH in kJ/mol energies
ΔH in kJ/mol

Hexane Blue flame -4193 kJ/mol -4163.6 kJ/mol -3831 kJ/mol

Toluene Yellow flame -3910 kJ/mol -3847.6 kJ/mol -5024 kJ/mol

Naphthalene Yellow flame -5133 KJ/mol -5000.1 KJ/mol -5222 KJ/mol

Ethanol Blue flame -1367 KJ/mol -1367.4 KJ/mol -1251 KJ/mol


Comment on the discrepancy or agreement of the calculated heats of reaction with tabulated heats of
combustion.

It can be observed that the heat of combustion and heat of reaction from heat of formations of toluene
is higher than hexane. However, in BDE or bond dissociation energies, hexane has a higher heat of
reaction. This could be due to the inaccuracy of the BDE method and the advantage of using the heat
of formation method when calculating the heat of reaction.

From the structures of the four substances used in this experiment and your observations, what
possible correlations of combustion properties with molecular structure exist?

Based on the experiment and the group’s observations, the combustion properties of a
molecule are affected by its molecular structure, some of which are bond strength which are
molecules that have weaker bonds. Making them require lesser amounts of energy when
breaking. The number of bonds and lastly, Oxygen content.
Solutions:

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