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Unit 2.1

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9 views2 pages

Unit 2.1

Uploaded by

vikram singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Q6 What do you mean by solar cell explain it ?

Ans
Solar Cell:
A solar cell consists of a layer of p-type silicon placed next to a layer of n-type silicon (Fig. 1). In the n-type layer,
there is an excess of electrons, and in the p-type layer, there is an excess of positively charged holes (which are
vacancies due to the lack of valence electrons). Near the junction of the two layers, the electrons on one side of the
junction (n-type layer) move into the holes on the other side of the junction (p-type layer). This creates an are a around
the junction, called the depletion zone, in which the electrons fill the holes
When all the holes are filled with electrons in the depletion zone, the p-type side of the depletion zone (where holes
were initially present) now contains negatively charged ions, and the n-type side of the depletion zone (where
electrons were present) now contains positively charged ions. The presence of these oppositely charged ions creates
an internal electric field that prevents electrons in the n-type layer to fill holes in the p-type layer.
When sunlight strikes a solar cell, electrons in the silicon are ejected, which results in the formation of “holes”—the
vacancies left behind by the escaping electrons. If this happens in the electric field, the field will move electrons to the
n-type layer and holes to the p-type layer. If you connect the n-type and p-type layers with a metallic wire, the
electrons will travel from the n-type layer to the p-type layer by crossing the depletion zone and then go through the
external wire back of the n-type layer, creating a flow of electricity.
Q7 What is different between shunt voltages regulator and series voltage
regulator ?
Ans
Comparison of Series and Shunt regulators
Shunt voltages regulator Series voltages regulator

Shunt voltage regulator has good


voltage regulation even at high load Series voltage regulator has not so good
currents. voltage regulation at high load currents.

In the shunt voltage regulator the In the series voltage regulator the output DC
output DC voltage is constant. voltages is not constant.

Shunt voltage regulator is connected Series voltages regulator is connected in


in shunt with the load. series with the load.

Shunt voltages regulator has good It has good efficiency for higher load
efficiency for low load current. currents.

It is appropriate for light loads. It is appropriate for heavy loads.

Shunt voltage regulator has poor Series voltages regulator has better voltage
voltage is constant. regulation.

The control element has to bear the The control element has to carry the load
load voltage across it. So, it is a high current. So, it is a high current low voltage
voltage low current device. device.

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