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Example Problem (1)

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52 views4 pages

Example Problem (1)

Uploaded by

ro ji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Example Problem

The following are the given data required for a 25m³ of concrete of 1: 2.5: 5 ratios
Materials Specific gravity Density (kg/m³)
Cement 3.10 1506
Sand 2.65 1680
Gravel 2.50 1525

1. Which of the following gives the number of bags of cement?


• (1 bag is equal to 40kg)
2. Which of the following gives the volume, in metric cube of sand needed for
the mixture?
3. Which of the following gives the volume, in metric cube of gravel needed
for the mixture?
4. Which of the following gives the volume, in liters of water needed for the
mixture?
Assume: Use 26litres of water per bag of cement. Volume of voids is 3.21%

I. Solution by Volume
To get the volume of cement
40𝑘𝑔
Mass/density= = 0.02656042497𝑚³
1506𝑘𝑔/𝑚³

𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡) (𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒)


(𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙) (𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)
1506
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑥 (0.02656) 𝑥 (1) = 0.01290322581𝑚³
3.10𝑥1000
1680
𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 𝑥 (0.02656) 𝑥 (2.5) = 0.04357569721𝑚³
2.56𝑥1000
1525
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 𝑥 (0.02656) 𝑥 (5) = 0.08100929615𝑚³
2.50𝑥1000

𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 26𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 = 0.026𝑚³

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑔 = 0.1634882192𝑚³


Volume of voids of 3.21%
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑔 = 0.1634882192 (0.9679)
= 0.1582402474 𝑜𝑟 0.158240𝑚³
Solution for the first question
25𝑚³
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 =
0.158240𝑚³
= 157.9876196 𝑜𝑟 158 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
Solution for the second question
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
= 𝑛𝑜. 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑)(𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡)
= 157.9876196(2.5) (0.026560)
= 10.49054579𝑚³
Solution for the third question
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
= 𝑛𝑜. 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙)(𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡)
= 157.9876196 (5) (0.026560)
= 20.98109158𝑚³
Solution for the fourth question
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
= 𝑛𝑜. 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)
= 157.9876196 (26)
= 4107.678109𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

II. Solution by Mass


To get the volume of cement
40𝑘𝑔
Mass/density= = 0.02656042497𝑚³
1506𝑘𝑔/𝑚³

𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡) (𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒)

𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 1506 𝑥 (0.02656) 𝑥 (1) = 40𝑘𝑔


𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 1680 𝑥 (0.02656) 𝑥 (2.5) = 111.5537849𝑘𝑔
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 1525 𝑥 (0.02656) 𝑥(5) = 202.5232404𝑘𝑔
𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 26𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 = 26𝑘𝑔

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑔 = 380.0770253𝑘𝑔

Density of concrete 2400kg/m³

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑔 =
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒
380.077025𝑘𝑔
= = 0.158365𝑚³
2400𝑘𝑔/𝑚³

Solution for the first question


25𝑚³
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 = = 157.86 𝑜𝑟 158 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
0.158365𝑚³
Solution for the second question
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒)
=
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑔 (𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑)
111.5537849𝑘𝑔 (25𝑚3 )
= = 10.482282𝑚³
0.158365𝑚 3 1680𝑘𝑔
( )
𝑚3

Solution for the third question


𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 (𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒)
=
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑔 (𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙)
202.5232404𝑘𝑔 (25𝑚3 )
= = 20.96456364𝑚³
0.158365𝑚 3 1525𝑘𝑔
( )
𝑚3
Solution for the fourth question
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
= 𝑛𝑜. 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)
= 157.86(26)
= 4104.36𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

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