Class: XII

Subject: Mathematics (041)

Holiday Assignment
Questions Based on Relations
Q1. Let A = {0, 1, 2, 3} and define a relation R on A as follows:
𝑅 = {(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 3), (1, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 0), (3, 3)}. Is R reflexive? symmetric?
transitive?
Q2. Let R be a relation on 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 } such that
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑎, 𝑐 ), (𝑏, 𝑏), (𝑏, 𝑐 ), (𝑐, 𝑎), (𝑐, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑐)}
Find whether R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

Q3. Let R be a relation on 𝐴 = {1,2,3} such that 𝑅 = {(1,2), (2,1), (1,3), (3,1)}
Find whether R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

Q4. Let R be a relation on 𝐴 = {1,2,3} such that 𝑅 = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,1)}

Find whether R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

Q5. Let R be a relation on 𝐴 = {1,2,3} such that 𝑅 = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3)}

Find whether R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

Q6. Check whether the relation R on the set 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4,5,6} as 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 2} is
reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

Q7. Check whether the relation R on the set 𝑁 as 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 = 𝑏} is reflexive, symmetric and
transitive

Q8. Check whether the relation R on the set 𝑁 as 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑏 = 𝑎2 } is reflexive, symmetric and
transitive.

Q9. Check whether the relation R on R defined by = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑏 ≤ 𝑎 } is an equivalence relation or
not.

Q10. Check whether the relation R on R defined by = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 < 𝑏 } is an equivalence relation or
not.

Q11. Let R be relation defined on the set of natural number N as follows:

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 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 41}. Find the domain and range of the relation R.
Also verify whether R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

Q12. Show that the relation R in the set A = {1, 2, …,10} given by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏) ∶ |𝑎 – 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛},
is an equivalence relation. Show that all the elements of {1, 3, 5,7,9} are related to each other
and all the elements of {2, 4,6,8} are related to each other. But no element of {1, 3, 5,7,9} is
related to any element of {2, 4,6,8}

Q13. Show that each of the relation R in the set A = {x  Z : 0  x  12}, given by
R = {(a, b) : | a - b | is a multiple of 4} is an equivalence relation Find the set of all elements

related to 5 in each case. How many equivalence classes can R have?

Q14. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}, show that the relation R defined by R = {( a, b) : b is divisible by a , a, b  A}

is not an equivalence relation.

Q15. Check whether the relation R on R defined by R = {a, b) : a  b3}. is an equivalence relation or not.

Q16. Check whether the relation R in the set R of real numbers, defined by R = {(a, b) : 1 + ab > 0},
is reflexive, symmetric or transitive.

Q17. In the set of natural numbers N, define a relation R as follows: ∀ n, m ∈ N, nRm if on division
by 5 each of the integers n and m leaves the remainder less than 5, i.e. one of the numbers 0, 1,
2, 3 and 4. Show that R is equivalence relation. Also, obtain the pairwise disjoint subsets
determined by R.

Q18. If R 1 and R 2 are equivalence relations in a set A, show that R1  R 2 is also an equivalence

relation.

Q19. Let A = {1, 2, 3, ... 9} and R be the relation in A ×A defined by

(𝑎, 𝑏) 𝑅 (𝑐, 𝑑) 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 𝑓𝑜𝑟 (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑐, 𝑑) in 𝐴 × 𝐴. Prove that R is an
equivalence relation and also obtain the equivalent class [(1, 4)].

Q20. Prove that the relation R on the set N  N defined by

(a, b) R (c, d ) iff a 3 + d 3 = b 3 + c 3 for all (a, b), (c, d )  N  N is an equivalence relation.

Q21. Prove that the relation R on the set N  N defined by

(a, b) R (c, d ) iff ad = bc for all (a, b), (c, d )  N  N . is an equivalence relation.

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Q22. Prove that the relation R on the set N  N defined by
(a, b) R (c, d ) iff ad (b + c ) = bc (a + d ) for all (a, b), (c, d )  N  N . is an equivalence relation

Q23. Let R be the equivalence relation in the set A = − 6,−5,−4,−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6, of integers

given by R = (a, b ) : 2 divides a − b . Write the equivalence class [0] .

CBSE 2024 Paper Questions:

Q1. A relation R on set 𝐴 = {−4, −3, −2, −1,0,1,2,3,4} be defined as

𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 2}. Show that R is an equivalence relation.

Also, write equivalence class [2].
Q2. A relation R on set 𝐴 = {𝑥: −10 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍 } is defined as

𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): (𝑥 − 𝑦) 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 5}. Show that R is an equivalence relation. Also, write
equivalence class [5].
Q3. Check whether the relation S in the set of real numbers R defined by

𝑆 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 − 𝑏 + √3 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 } is reflexive, Symmetric or transitive.

Questions based on Functions

Q1. Find the domain of the function f : R → R defined by f (x ) = x 2 − 3x + 2 [Ans:

(− ,1  2,  ) ]
1
Q2. Let f : R → R be the function defined by 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅. Then, find the range of 𝑓.
2 – 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥

3 𝑥
Q3. If 𝑓: 𝑅 − { } → 𝑅 is a mapping defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = show that 𝑓 is not Bijective.
2 2𝑥−3

x −1
Q4. Let A = R − {2} and B = R − {1} . If f : A → B is a mapping defined by f ( x) = , show that f
x−2
is Bijective.

Q24. Are the following set of ordered pairs functions? If so, examine whether the mapping is
injective or surjective.

(i) {(x, y): x is a person, y is the mother of x}.

(ii) {(a, b): a is a person, b is an ancestor of a}.

Q5. Let 𝐴 = {𝑥𝜖𝑅: −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1} = 𝐵, Show that 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 given by 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 |𝑥| is a bijective.

Q6. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be the function defined by 𝑓 (𝑥) = 3𝑥 3 + 5, Show that 𝑓 is bijective.

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Q7. Prove that the function 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 , defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 is one to one but not onto,

x
Q8. Show that the function f : R → R defined by f (x) = ,  x  R , is neither one-one nor
x +1
2

onto.

x2
Q9. Show that the function f : R → R defined by f (x) = ,  x  R , is neither one-one nor
x2 +1
onto.

n +1
 2 if n is odd
Q10. Let f : N → N be defined by f (n) =  for all n  N
 n
 2 if n even

State whether the function f is bijective. Justify your answer.

Q11. Show that the function f : N → N given by f (n) = n − (−1) n for all n  N . is a bijection

Q12. Let A and B be two sets. Show that f : A  B → B  A defined by f (a, b) = (b, a) is a bijective.

x
Q13. Show that the function f : R → {x : x  R, − 1  x  1} given by f ( x) = is one-one and onto
1+ x

Q14. Consider f : R+ → (− 9,  ) given by f (x ) = 5x 2 + 6 x − 9 . Check whether the function 𝑓 is

bijective or not.

Q15. A function 𝑓: [−4,4] → [0,4] is given 𝑓 (𝑥) = √16 − 𝑥 2 . Show that 𝑓 is an onto function but

not a one-one function. Further, find all possible values of ′𝑎′ for which 𝑓 (𝑎) = √7.

Q16. Let the function f : R → R be defined by 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥, for all x  R Show that f is neither

 
one-one nor onto. Consider function f : 0,  → R given by the function 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 and
 2
 
g : 0,  → R given by the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥. Show that f and g are one-one, but 𝑓 + 𝑔
 2
is not one-one.

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Multiple Choice Questions
Q1. Let us define a relation R in R as aRb if (D) neither symmetric, nor transitive
a ≥ b. Then R is Q7. For real numbers x and y, define xRy if and
(A) an equivalence relation only if 𝑥 – 𝑦 + √3 is an irrational number.
(B) reflexive, transitive but not symmetric Then the relation R is
(C) symmetric, transitive but (A) reflexive (B) symmetric
(D) neither transitive nor reflexive not (C) transitive (D) none of these
reflexive but symmetric Q8. If the set A contains 5 elements and the set B
Q2. Let us define a relation R in R as aRb if contains 6 elements, then the number of one-
a  b . Then R is
2
one and onto mappings from A to B is
(A) an equivalence relation (A) 720 (B) 120
(B) reflexive, transitive but not symmetric (C) 0 (D) none of these
(C) symmetric, transitive but not reflexive Q9. Set A has 3 elements and the set B has 4
(D) neither transitive nor reflexive but elements. Then the number of injective
symmetric. mappings that can be defined from A to B is
x
Q3. If f : [0, ) → [0, ) and f (x ) = , then f is (A) 144 (B) 12
1+ x
(C) 24 (D) 64
(A)One-one and onto Q10. Let A = {1, 2, 3, ...n} and B = {a, b}. Then
(B) One-one but not onto the number of surjections from A into B is
(C)Onto but not one-one (A) ⬚𝑛𝑃2 (B) 2𝑛 − 2
(D)Neither one-one nor onto (C) 2𝑛 − 1 (D) None of these
Q4. The maximum number of equivalence Q11. Let N be the set of natural numbers and the
relations on the set A = {1, 2, 3} are function 𝑓 ∶ 𝑁 → 𝑁 be defined by 𝑓 (𝑛) =
(A) 1 (B) 2 2𝑛 + 3 ∀ 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁. Then f is
(C) 3 (D) 5 (A) surjective (B) injective
Q5. If a relation R on the set {1, 2, 3} be defined (C) bijective (D) none of these
by R = {(1, 2)}, then R is Q12. Let L denote the set of all straight lines in a
(A) reflexive (B) transitive plane. Let a relation R be defined by lRm if and
(C) symmetric (D) none of these only if l is perpendicular to m ∀ l, m ∈ L. Then
Q6. Let A = {1, 2, 3} and consider the relation R is
R = {1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1,3)}. (A) reflexive (B) symmetric
Then R is (C) transitive (D) none of these
𝑥−1
(A) reflexive but not symmetric Q13. Let f : R → R be defined by 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥−2
(B) reflexive but not transitive 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅. Then f is
(C) symmetric and transitive
(A) one-one (B) onto

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 (C) bijective (D) f is not defined (D) f is neither one-one nor onto.
Q14. Which of the following functions from Z  2 − sin x 
Q20. The function f ( x) = log   , is
into Z are bijections?  2 + sin x 
(A) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 1 (B) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2
(A)An even function
(C) 𝑓 (𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1 (D) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1
(B)An odd function
Q15. Let R be a relation on the set N of natural
(C)A periodic function
numbers defined by nRm if n divides m. Then
R is (D)Neither an even nor odd function

(A) Reflexive and symmetric x+2

Q21. The range of the function f (x ) = is
| x + 2|
(B) Transitive and symmetric
(C) Equivalence (A){0, 1} (B) {– 1, 1}
(D) Reflexive, transitive but not symmetric (C) R (D) R − {−2}
Q16. Consider the non-empty set consisting of Q22. Let A = {a, b, c} and the relation R be
children in a family and a relation R defined as defined on A as follows:
aRb if a is brother of b. Then R is 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑏, 𝑐), (𝑎, 𝑏)}. Then, the
(A) symmetric but not transitive minimum number of ordered pairs to be
(B) transitive but not symmetric added in R to make R reflexive and transitive
(C) neither symmetric nor transitive are
(D) both symmetric and transitive (A)3 (B) 4
Q17. Let R be the relation in the set N given by (C) 5 (D)none of these
R = {(a, b) : a = b – 2, b > 6}. Choose the Q23. Let R be the relation in the set {1, 2, 3, 4}
correct answer. given by 𝑅 =
(A) (2, 4)  R {(1, 2), (2, 2), (1, 1), (4,4), (1, 3), (3, 3), (3, 2)}.
(B) (3, 8)  R Choose the correct answer.
(C) (6, 8)  R (A) R is reflexive and symmetric but not
(D) (8, 7)  R transitive.
Q18. Let f : R → R be defined as f (x ) = x .
4
(B) R is reflexive and transitive but not
(A) f is one-one onto symmetric.
(B) f is many-one onto (C) R is symmetric and transitive but not
(C) f is one-one but not onto reflexive.
(D) f is neither one-one nor onto. (D) R is an equivalence relation.
Q19. Let f : N → R be defined as f (x) = 3x. Choose Q24. Let A = {1, 2, 3}. Then number of
the correct answer. equivalence relations containing (1, 2) is
(A) f is one-one onto (A) 1 (B) 2
(B) f is many-one onto (C) 3 (D) 4
(C) f is one-one but not onto

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Q25. Let A = {1, 2, 3}. Then number of relations Then R is
containing (1, 2) and (1, 3) which are (a) reflexive but not symmetric
reflexive and symmetric but not transitive is (b)reflexive but not transitive
(A) 1 (B) 2 (c)symmetric and transitive
(C) 3 (D) 4
(d)neither symmetric, nor transitive
Q26. The number of reflexive relations from
Q32. Which of the following functions from Z into
set A to A, where 𝑛(𝐴) = 𝑛
Z are bijective?
(A) 2𝑛(𝑛−1) (B) 2𝑛(𝑛+1) (a) f(x) = x3
(C) 2𝑛(𝑛−2) (D) none of these (b) f(x) = x + 2
Q27. The number of reflexive relations from (c) f(x) = 2x + 1
set A to A, where 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐} (d) f(x) = x2 + 1
(A) 32 (B) 64 Q33. Let S = {1, 2, 3, 4,5} and let A = S × S. Define

(C) 128 (D) none of these the relation R on A as follows:(a, b) R (c, d) iff

Q28. Let T be the set of all triangles in the ad = cb. Then, R is

Euclidean plane, and let a relation R on T be (a) reflexive only

defined as aRb if a is congruent to b, a, b ∈ (b) Symmetric only
T. Then R is (c) Transitive only
(A) reflexive but not transitive (d) Equivalence relation
(B) transitive but not symmetric Q34. Let X = {-1, 0, 1}, Y = {0, 2} and a function
(C) equivalence f : X → Y defined by y = 2x4, is

(D) none of these (a) one-one onto

Q29. A Relation from B to A is an arbitrary subset (b) one-one into
of: (c) many-one onto
(a)𝐴 × 𝐵 (b) 𝐵 × 𝐵 (d) many-one into
(c)𝐴 × 𝐴 ( d) 𝐵 × 𝐴 Q35. Let A = R – {3}, B = R – {1}. Let f : A → B
Q30. Let us define a relation R in R as aRb if a ≥ b. 𝑥−2
be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−3 Then,
Then R is
(a) f is bijective
(a) an equivalence relation
(b) f is one-one but not onto
(b)reflexive, transitive but not symmetric
(c) f is onto but not one-one
(c) symmetric, transitive but not reflexive
(d) None of these
(d)neither transitive nor reflexive but
Q36. The mapping 𝑓 ∶ 𝑁 → 𝑁 is given by
symmetric
𝑓(𝑛) = 1 + 𝑛2 , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 when 𝑁 is the set
Q31. Let A = {1, 2, 3} and consider the relation R
of natural numbers is
= {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3)}.
(a) one-one and onto
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 (b) onto but not one-one (d) none of these
(c) one-one but not onto Q42. Let R be a relation on the set L of lines

(d) neither one-one nor onto defined by 𝑙1 𝑅 𝑙2 if 𝑙1 is perpendicular

Q37. The function 𝑓 ∶ 𝑅 → 𝑅 given by to 𝑙2, then relation Ris

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 – 1 is (a) reflexive and symmetric

(a) a one-one function (b) symmetric and transitive
(b) an onto function (c) equivalence relation
(c) a bijection symmetric

(d) neither one-one nor onto

Q38. Let 𝑓 ∶ [0, ∞) → [0, 2] be defined by
2𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1, then 𝑓 is

(a) one-one but not onto

(b) onto but not one-one
(c) both one-one and onto
(d) neither one-one nor onto
Q39. If N be the set of all-natural numbers,
consider 𝑓 ∶ 𝑁 → 𝑁 such that
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥, ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁, then f is
(a) one-one onto
(b) one-one into
(c) many-one onto
(d) None of these
Q40. Let 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∶ −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1} and
𝑓 ∶ 𝐴 → 𝐴 is a function defined by
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 |𝑥| then f is
(a) a bijection
(b) injection but not surjection
(c) surjection but not injection
(d) neither injection nor surjection
Q41. Let f : R → R be a function defined by
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 4, then f is
(a) injective
(b) surjective
(c) bijective
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