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MIL 12 Lesson 3

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21 views2 pages

MIL 12 Lesson 3

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walleycourtneydaniel
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MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 11

FROM WRITINGS ON THE WALL T SIGNALS TRAVELING IN THE


Lesson 3 AIRWAVES: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF COMMUNICATIONS

Communication began as drawing on walls or caves, carvings on barks of trees, and later on, papyrus
and parchment. Each of these illustrated man’s capacity and desire to interact, link up, and build connections.
Communal gatherings were means by which they reached out to each other as a collective, and they spoke to
one another using song, dance, and prayer.
As population increased, people became more dispersed and settlements were built, mostly in areas
where they can find food. These developments altered how people communicated with one another, how
people passed on information across diverse and dispersed groups of people. Institutions emerged and became
sites whereby knowledge is communicated, and conduits whereby communication is transmitted. The Roman
Catholic Church is a fine example of a social institution that vigorously and aggressively transmitted ideas
through the sacred scriptures, and used its churches and missionaries as the channels by which the teachings of
the Bible were disseminated.

From Papyrus to Paper


It was the Christians who invented the codex around AD 100, a document which can be rightfully
referred to as the prototype of a book. Papyrus pages facing one another were bound together instead of rolled
up for easy reading, because it only meant flipping the pages instead of unravelling a long papyrus. By the 15 th
century, the technology was already paper.
The Boxer Codex is a manuscript, presumably written around 1594, which contains illustrations of
Filipinos at the time for their initial encounter with the Spaniards. The Boxer Codex has about 75 illustrations
of inhabitants of the Far Eastern region. Around 15 illustrations were devoted to Filipinos.
The first book to be printed in the Philippines is believed to be Doctrina Cristiana, a treatise on the
teachings of the Roman Catholic Church, written by Fray Juan Plasencia, an Augustinian priest.

Nation-States and the Rise of Newspapers


The Gutenberg printing press made it possible for newspapers to be produced. It was in England that the
first newspaper was reportedly produced, but not earlier than the 17 th century. The first newspapers were
patronized by merchants. They were very interested by what was going on in various parts of the world, both
economically and politically. By 1700, the idea of a free press, independent from the control of the
government, emerged as a strong rhetoric against authoritarian states.
An adversarial press is defined as a press that had the ability to conduct dialogue and even argue with
the government. In the Philippines, the rise of the newspaper came about in the first decades of the 19 th century.
In December 1, 1846, La Esperanza, the first daily newspaper, was published in the country. Other early
newspapers were Diario De Manila (1848) and Boletin Oficial de Filipinas (1852). One of the most popular
newspapers in history is La Solidaridad, which was published in Spain in 1889 and was used to campaign
reforms for the Philippines. In Januray 18, 1896, the Katipuneros published Ang Kalayaan as the official
revolutionary newspaper of the Kataas-taasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
(KKK).

From Static to Moving Images


George Eastman invented the film and built a company that would be known as Kodak. But it was
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY 11
Thomas Edison and his assistant, William Dickson, who turned the use of the photographic film (now in a
strip) into a material that can be moved in front of a lens at a constant speed to result into several photographs,
each one different from the other one because of a slight change in the movement of the subject.
Louis and Augusto Lumiere further developed the technology of film projectors. Edison would still
improve the technology developed by the Lumiere brothers with large screen projecting. While the newspaper
catered to people’s desire for information, the rise of film addressed an emerging worldview that would define
much of modernity’s rise.

Radio and television followed closely. The word “television” was already used in a magazine called the
Scientific American. The first telecast of a television program took place, transmitting from the experimental
studio of General Electric in New York City. The Radio Corporation of America introduced electronic
scanning, a much improved technology from the mechanical scanning.
Commercial television came into being in the United States only in 1946. In the Philippines,
commercial television was launched in 1953, but as early as 1946, there were already explorations on the
technology of broadcasting.
In 1946, James Lindenberg, an American engineer, began assembling transmitters in Bolinao,
Pangasinan. He was not fully successful with his attempt to establish a television station but soon he was able
to team up with Antonio Quirino and established the Alto Broadcasting System where he would serve as the
general manager. Their first official telecast was in October 23, 1953.

The Rise of New Media


The traditional media has become synonymous with the seven most common forms of media – books,
newspapers, magazines, sound recording, radio, television, and film.
The internet enabled the development and the unabated growth of the new media because it
democratized the platform for creating, producing, and disseminating information. As the internet’s reach has
expanded, accessing and consuming content now comes in various forms and formats which become relatively
easier and faster.

Activity 1. Directions: Ask an elder (your parents or grandparents) about the forms of media they had in their
time which they used as source of information or entertainment. Write an essay about it on a separate sheet of
paper with a minimum of 100 words.

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