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MA107 - Math - II - Tutorial I

The document outlines a tutorial for MA107 Mathematics-II at Birla Institute of Technology, covering various mathematical concepts including the Wronskian, linear independence of functions, and solutions to differential equations. It includes multiple problems related to these topics, such as proving linear independence and solving Cauchy-Euler equations. Additionally, it addresses the method of variation of parameters for solving differential equations.

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Yash vinod gupta
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9 views2 pages

MA107 - Math - II - Tutorial I

The document outlines a tutorial for MA107 Mathematics-II at Birla Institute of Technology, covering various mathematical concepts including the Wronskian, linear independence of functions, and solutions to differential equations. It includes multiple problems related to these topics, such as proving linear independence and solving Cauchy-Euler equations. Additionally, it addresses the method of variation of parameters for solving differential equations.

Uploaded by

Yash vinod gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MESRA, RANCHI


MA107 Mathematics-II
Tutorial - I (Module I), SP 2025

January 25, 2025

1. (a) Show that the Wronskian of eax cos(bx) and eax sin(bx) where b ̸= 0, is b2 e2ax .
(b) Prove that the Wronskian of functions em1 x , em2 x , em3 x is equal to (m1 −m2 )(m2 −m3 )(m3 −
m1 )e(m1 +m2 +m3 )x .
(c) Show that y1 (x) = sin x and y2 (x) = sin x − cos x are linearly independent solutions of
y ′′ + y = 0.
(d) Show that the Wronskian of the function x2 , x2 log(x) is non-zero. Can these functions be
independent solution of an ordinary differential equation; if so determine this equation.
(e) Check whether ex , xex , sinh(x) are linearly independent or dependent.
(f) Check whether eikx , e−ikx , sin(kx) are linearly independent or not.
(g) Show that any pair of these four functions are linearly independent: eikx , e−ikx , sin(kx), cos(kx).
2. Solve the following differential equations:
(a) y ′′ + 3y ′ − 10y = 0.
(b) y ′′′ − 9y ′′ + 23y ′ − 15y = 0.
(c) y iv + 8y ′′ + 16y = 0.
(d) y iv − 8y ′′ + 16y = 0.
(e) y ′′ + 3y ′ + 4y = x3 − 2x.
(f) y ′′ − 3y ′ + 2y = e3x .
(g) y ′′ − 4y ′ + 4y = e2x + x3 + cos(2x).
(h) y ′′′ − 12y ′ + 16y = (ex + e−2x )2 .
(i) y ′′′ − 5y ′′ + 7y ′ − 3y = e2x cosh(2x).
(j) y ′′ − 4y ′ + 4y = 8x2 e2x sin(2x).
(k) y ′′ − (a + b)y ′ + aby = eax + ebx .
(l) y iv + 3y ′′ − 4y = cos2 x − cosh x.
(m) y ′′′ − 7y ′ − 6y = e2x (1 + x).
(n) y ′′′ − 3y ′′ + 4y ′ − 2y = ex + cos x.
(o) y ′′′ − 3y ′′ + 7y ′ − 5y = ex + cos x.
(p) y ′′ + 4y = 2 cos2 x + 10ex .
(q) y ′′ + y = sin x + (1 + x2 )ex .
(r) y ′′ − y = e−x (sin x + cos x).
(s) y ′′′ − 3y ′′ − y ′ + 3y = x2 ex .
(t) y ′′ + y ′ − 2y = ex .
(u) y ′′ − 6y ′ + 9 = 1 + x + x2 .
(v) y ′′ + 9y = x cos x.

1
3. Solve the following Cauchy-Euler equations:

(a) y ′′ + x1 y ′ = 12 log x/x2 .


(b) x2 y ′′ − 4xy ′ + 6y = 42/x4 .
(c) x2 y ′′ + 3xy ′ + y = 1/(1 − x)2 .
(d) x2 y ′′ + 2xy ′ − 12y = x3 log x.
(e) x2 y ′′ − 2xy ′ − 4y = x2 + 2 log x.
(f) x2 y ′′ − 2y = 2x + 6.
(g) x2 y ′′ − 3xy ′ + 3y = 2 + 3 ln x.
(h) x4 y iv + 6x3 y ′′′ + 2x2 y ′′ − 4xy ′ + 4y = 10/x3 .
(i) (3x + 1)2 y ′′ + (3x + 1)y ′ + y = 6x.
(j) x2 y ′′ + 2xy ′ = cos(ln x).
(k) x2 y ′′ + 2xy ′ − 2y = x sin(ln x).
(l) 4x2 y ′′ + 16xy ′ + 9y = 19 cos(ln x) + 22 sin(ln x).

4. Solve by the method of variation of parameters.


(a) y ′′ + y = x.
(b) y ′′ + n2 y = sec(nx).
(c) y ′′ + 9y = sec(3x).
(d) y ′′ − y = 2
1+ex .
(e) y ′′ + y = tan x.
(f) y ′′ + y = sec x.
(g) y ′′ + 2y ′ + y = e−x .
(h) y ′′ − 2y ′ + y = ex .
(i) y ′′ + 4y = 4 tan(2x).
(j) t2 y ′′ − t(t + 2)y ′ + (t + 2)y = 2t3 , where y1 (t) = t and y2 (t) = tet are two linearly independent
solutions corresponding to the homogeneous part.

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