​Introduction to Trigonometry: Trigonometric

Identities​

Topic : Exam Important Questions

1.
In a ΔABC, right angled at B, AB=24 cm, BC=7 cm. Determine

(i) sin A, cos A

(ii) sin C, cos C

[3 Marks]

In ΔABC, Using Pythagoras theorem, we have

2 2 2
AC = AB + BC
2 2
= (24 cm) + (7 cm)

2 2
= 576 cm + 49 cm
2
= 625 cm

So, AC = 25 cm (1 mark)

Now,
7
(i) sin A =
BC

AC
=
25
(0.5 mark)

(0.5 mark)
AB 24
cos A = =
AC 25

(0.5 mark)
AB 24
(ii) sin C = =
AC 25

(0.5 mark)
BC 7
cos C = =
AC 25

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 ​Introduction to Trigonometry: Trigonometric
Identities​

2. 2
1−cos θ
If cot θ = ,show that [2 Marks]
1 3
=
2 5
√3 2−sin θ

Cot x = 1

√3

x = 60 degrees

cos (x) = cos 60 =

1

√3
sin x = sin 60 = 2
(1 mark)

1 - cos² x = 1 - 1

4
= 3

2 - sin²x = 2 - =
3 5

4 4
2
1−cos θ
(1 mark)
3
=
2 5
2−sin θ

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 ​Introduction to Trigonometry: Trigonometric
Identities​

3. From the figure, determine the value of sin 2

θ + cos 2
θ

[3 Marks]
[Trigonometric Ratios]
Solution:

Given, AB = 29 units and BC = 21 units

By pythagoras theorem,
2 2 2
AB = AC + BC
2 2 2
29 = AC + 21
2 2 2
29 = AC + 21
2
841 = AC + 441
2
841 − 441 = AC
2
400 = AC
AC = 20 units
[1 Mark]

Now, sin θ = AC 20
=
AB 29

.......(i)
20
2 2
sin θ = ( )
29

BC 21
cos θ = =
AB 29

......(ii)
21
2 2
cos θ = ( )
29

[1 Mark]

(i) + (ii)
2 2
20 +21 400+441
1
841
2 2
sin θ + cos θ= = = =
2 841 841
29

2
∴ sin θ + cos θ
2
=1
[1 Mark]

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 ​Introduction to Trigonometry: Trigonometric
Identities​

4. 3 sin A−4 sin

3
A 3 tan A−tan
3
A
If sec A = , verify that
5
=
4 3 2
4 cos A−3 cos A 1−3 tan A

[3 Marks]

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 ​Introduction to Trigonometry: Trigonometric
Identities​
We have,sec A = 5

[ ]
4 Base
⇒ cosA =
5 H ypotenuse

By pythagoras theorem,
2 2 2
(P erpendicular) = (H ypotenuse) − (Base)

⇒Perpendicular = √25 − 16

⇒Perpendicular = 3
P erpendicular
Then, sin A =
3
=
H ypotenuse 5

tan A =
P erpendicular 3
=
Base 4

(1 mark)

Now, we will prove that

3 3
3 sin A−4 sin A 3 tan A−tan A
=
3 2
4 cos A−3 cos A 1−3 tan A

3
3 sin A−4 sin A
LHS = 3
4 cos A−3 cos A

3 3 3
3× −4( )
5 5
=
4 4
3
4( ) −3×
5 5

9 108
−
5 125

256 12
−
125 5

225−108

125
=
256−300

125

117 125
= ×
125 −44

117
=
−44

(1 mark)
3
3 tan A−tan A
RHS = 2
1−3 tan A

3 3 3
3× −( )
4 4
=
3
2
1−3( )
4

9 27
−
4 64
=
27
1−
16

117

64
=
−11

16

−117
=
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44 Exam Important Questions
 ​Introduction to Trigonometry: Trigonometric
Identities​
∴ LH S = RH S

(1 mark)

5. Evaluate the following:

∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
sin60 cos30 + sin30 cos60

[2 Marks]
[Trigonometric Ratios of Specific Angles]
Solution:
∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
sin60 cos30 + sin30 cos60
√3 √3 1 1
= ( × ) + ( × )
2 2 2 2

[1 mark]
3 1
= +
4 4

4
= = 1
4

[1 mark]

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 ​Introduction to Trigonometry: Trigonometric
Identities​

6.
Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate:

∘ ∘
(i)cos 48 − sin 42

∘ ∘
(ii)cosec 31 − sec 59

∘ ∘
(iii)cot 34 − tan 56

2 ∘ 2 ∘
(iv)cos 13 − sin 77

∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
(i)cos 48 − sin 42 = cos(90 − 42 ) − sin 42

∘ ∘
= sin 42 − sin 42 = 0

[∵ cos(90
∘
− θ) = sin θ] (1 mark)

∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
(ii)cosec 31 − sec 59 = cosec(90 − 59 ) − sec 59

∘ ∘
= sec 59 − sec 59 = 0

[∵ cosec(90
∘
− θ) = sec θ] (1 mark)

∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
(iii)cot 34 − tan 56 = cot(90 − 56 ) − tan 56

∘ ∘
= tan 56 − tan 56 = 0

[∵ cot(90
∘
− θ) = tan θ] (1 mark)

2 ∘ 2 ∘ 2 ∘ ∘ 2 ∘
(iv)cos 13 − sin 77 = cos (90 − 77 ) − sin 77

2 ∘ 2 ∘
= sin 77 − sin 77 = 0

[∵ cos(90
∘
− θ) = sin θ] (1 mark)

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 ​Introduction to Trigonometry: Trigonometric
Identities​

7. In a ∆ABC, right-angled at C, if tan⁡A= , then find the value of (sin⁡A)(sin⁡B) +

1

√3

(cos⁡A)(cos⁡B).

[3 Marks]
[Trigonometric Ratios of Specific Angles]

Solution:

Step 1:
First we need to determine the values of angles A and B and
determine the value of their sine and cosine.
We are given that tan A = and tan θ is for θ = 30º. Therefore,
1 1

√3 √3

∠A = 30º
Also by angle sum property of a triangle,
∠A + ∠B + ∠C ​= 180º
[1 Mark]
Substituting ∠A = 30º and ∠C = 90º, We get ∠B = 60º
Now, therefore,
Sin A = sin 30º = 1

√3
Sin B = sin 60º = 2

√3
Cos A = Cos 30º = 2

Cos B = Cos 60º =

1

[1 Mark]

Step 2:
For the final step, we need to substitute the corresponding values in
the given expression.
The given expression is sinA sinB + cosA cosB.

On substituting the respective values, we get

√3 √3
=
1 1
× + ×
2 2 2 2

2 √3
= 4

√3
= 2

[1 Mark]

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 ​Introduction to Trigonometry: Trigonometric
Identities​

8. If tan2A = cot(A − 18 ), where 2A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

∘

[2 marks]
∘
tan2A = cot(A − 18 )
∘ ∘
⇒ cot(90 − 2A) = cot(A − 18 )

(As tan A = cot (90 - A)) ∘

[1 mark]

Equating angles,
∘ ∘
⇒ 90 − 2A = A − 18
∘
⇒ 108 = 3A
∘
⇒ A = 36

[1 mark]

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 ​Introduction to Trigonometry: Trigonometric
Identities​

9. The length of a string between a kite and a point on the ground is 90 m. If the
string makes an angle θ with the ground level such that tan θ = 15/8, how high
will the kite be?

[3 Marks]

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 ​Introduction to Trigonometry: Trigonometric
Identities​
Here AB represents the height of the balloon from the ground. In the right
triangle ABC the side which is opposite to angle θ is known as the
opposite side (AB), the side which is opposite to 90° is called the
hypotenuse side (AC) and the remaining side is called the adjacent side
(BC).

Now we need to find the length of the side AB.

tan θ =
15

cot θ =
8

15

(1 Mark)

csec θ = √1 + cot 2
θ

csec θ = √(1 + )
64

225

(225+64)
csec θ = √ 225

csec θ = √
289

225

csc θ = 17

15

sin θ = 15

17

(1 Mark)
opposite side
But, sin θ = hypotenuse side
= .
AB

AC

AB 15
=
AC 17

AB 15
=
90 17

AB = 79.41

So, the height of the tower is 79.41 m.

(1 Mark)

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 ​Introduction to Trigonometry: Trigonometric
Identities​

10.

A kite is flying at a height of 65 m attached to a string. If the inclination of the

string with the ground is 31°, find the length of the string if cos 59° = 0.5150.
(3 Marks)

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 ​Introduction to Trigonometry: Trigonometric
Identities​

Here AB represents the height of the kite. In the right triangle ABC the
side which is opposite to angle 31° is known as the opposite side (AB),
the side which is opposite to 90° is called the hypotenuse (AC) and the
remaining side is called the adjacent side (BC).

Now we need to find the length of the string AC.

sinθ = opposite side/hypotenuse side

We know that sin θ=cos(90° − θ )

Given cos 59° = 0.5150

(1 Mark)

∴ Cos 59° = cos(90° − 31 ∘

)

sin 31° = AB

AC

0.5150 =
65

AC

(1 Mark)

AC =
65

0.5150

AC = 126.2 m

Hence, the length of the string is 126.2 m.

(1 Mark)

11. Evaluate :
∘ ∘
cosec 31 − sec 59

[2 marks]
∘ ∘
cosec 31 − sec 59

∘ ∘ ∘
= cosec (90 − 59 ) − sec 59

∘ ∘
= sec 59 − sec 59 = 0

(As cosec (90 - A) = sec A)∘

[2 marks]

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 ​Introduction to Trigonometry: Trigonometric
Identities​

12. If 2 sin 2
θ − cos
2
θ = 2 , then find the value of θ.
[2 marks]
Given, 2 sin
2
θ − cos
2
θ = 2

2 2
⇒ 2 sin θ − (1 − sin θ) = 2

2 2
[∵ sin θ + cos θ = 1]

2 2
⇒ 2 sin θ + sin θ − 1 = 2

[1 mark]
2
⇒ 3 sin θ = 3
2
⇒ sin θ = 1
∘
[∵ sin 90 = 1]

∘
⇒ sin θ = 1 = sin 90

∘
⇒ θ = 90

[1 mark]

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