■

WX5P0001

The SAT®

Practice
Test#7 tJ

Make time to take the practice test.

It is one of the best ways to get ready
for the SAT.
After you have taken the practice test, score it
right away at sat.org/digital-practice.
This version of the SAT Practice Test is for students who will be taking
the digital SAT in nondigital format.

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6WSL01
Test begins on the next page.
 Module
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Reading and Writing

33 QUESTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each
question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage
and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).
All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a
single best answer.

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-1 --------~ -2 --------~
On the basis of extensive calculations and models, The following text is from John Muir’s 1913
astronomers in the 1990s predicted that the collision autobiography The Story of My Boyhood and Youth.
of two neutron stars or a neutron star and a black Muir describes being on a boat.
hole could release a massive burst of gamma rays in
The water was so clear that it was almost
an event called a kilonova. This _______ was
invisible, and when we floated slowly out over
confirmed with observations in 2017.
the plants and fishes, we seemed to be
Which choice completes the text with the most miraculously sustained in the air while exploring
logical and precise word or phrase? a veritable fairyland.
A) theory As used in the text, what does the word “clear” most
B) evidence nearly mean?

C) constant A) Simple
D) experiment B) Understandable
C) Obvious
D) Transparent

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At the turn of the twentieth century, Black residents Diadromous fish migrate between freshwater and
of Richmond, Virginia, had few formal options for marine biomes during their life cycle. The
banking and other financial services. To _______ migration’s obligate nature is why diadromous fish
this situation, Maggie Lena Walker chartered the can be _______ those that are merely euryhaline
St. Luke Penny Savings Bank in 1903. The bank went (able to tolerate high salinity): the euryhaline
on to provide home loans and savings opportunities blackchin tilapia can survive high salinity, but its life
to thousands of Black families over the following cycle does not involve relocation to a different
decades. biome, as does that of the diadromous wild salmon.
Which choice completes the text with the most Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase? logical and precise word or phrase?
A) prolong A) demarcated from
B) rectify B) reconstituted as
C) retain C) conflated with
D) highlight D) derived from

4 6
The results of randomized clinical trials testing the The following text is from Joan Didion’s memoir The
efficacy of common medical interventions sometimes Year of Magical Thinking. In the text, the author
fail to _______ conclusions that practitioners reach discusses her home life.
based on their real-world observations of patients.
[I]n California we heated our houses by building
While there are several possible reasons for this, one
fires. We built fires even on summer evenings,
is that practitioners may overlook confounding
because the fog came in. Fires said we were
variables that account for the results they attribute to
home, we had drawn the circle, we were safe
the interventions in question.
through the night.
Which choice completes the text with the most ©2005 by Joan Didion
logical and precise word or phrase? Which choice best describes the function of the
A) circumvent underlined portion in the text as a whole?
B) corroborate A) It illustrates that a fire provides comfort beyond
C) disseminate physical warmth.
D) implement B) It summarizes the information that came before
it in the text.
C) It explains that the house remains cold even in
summer.
D) It suggests that the author feels comfortable in
her home with or without a fire.

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The majority of plastics today wind up in landfills or The following text is from H.D.’s 1916 poem
are, at best, recycled into materials that have a very “Mid-Day.” In the poem, the speaker is on a path in
limited range of applications. To address this an outdoor setting.
problem, chemist Guoliang Liu and colleagues
A slight wind shakes the seed-pods—
designed a reactor that melts polyethylene and
my thoughts are spent
polypropylene—two widely used plastics—into a
as the black seeds.
wax. The wax can then be transformed into a
My thoughts tear me,
surfactant (a chemical compound usable as a
I dread their fever.
detergent). With this promising new method, plastic
I am scattered in its whirl.
waste could be turned into a range of useful cleaning
I am scattered like
products.
the hot shrivelled seeds.
Which choice best states the function of the
Which choice best describes the function of the
underlined portion of the text?
underlined portion in the text as a whole?
A) It clarifies the meaning of a scientific term.
A) It illustrates a change in the natural environment
B) It describes an environmental concern. that the speaker implies is responsible for the
C) It explains the significance of a scientific growing misgivings described in the text.
discovery. B) It establishes an example of consistency in the
D) It identifies a result that confused the team. natural landscape that the speaker then contrasts
with the unpredictability of human emotions.
C) It presents an observation of an occurrence in
the natural world that the speaker then expands
on to convey a sense of a turbulent interior state.
D) It evokes the ordinariness of an event in nature
to suggest that the critical self-evaluation the
speaker engages in is a common pursuit.

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In 2023 literary scholar Jeremy Douglass cautioned In 2018, scientists discovered an immense
technology investors and enthusiasts who predict aggregation of Muusoctopus robustus (pearl
conventional books’ ultimate displacement by newer octopuses) along a hydrothermal vent 3,200 meters
forms of media. Douglass observed that the concept beneath the ocean’s surface. Water temperatures at
of an “interactive” text is much older than this site—named the Octopus Garden—climb as high
technologists assume, extending back to the first time as 11°C , much warmer than the ambient 1.6°C typical
readers scratched notes into a text’s margins. In at this depth. Based on observations made over three
addition, newer media, such as video games, haven’t years, scientists concluded that temperatures at the
replaced older forms of entertainment, such as comic site likely confer reproductive benefits and that the
books, but rather exist alongside them. Douglass site is used exclusively for reproduction—6,000
believes that rather than supplanting books, M. robustus adults, hatchlings, and eggs were
technology is simply making new forms of observed at the garden, but no juveniles were
expression possible. present.
Which choice best describes the function of the Which statement about M. robustus and the Octopus
underlined portion in the text as a whole? Garden is best supported by the text?
A) It challenges the stance of the investors and A) M. robustus leave the Octopus Garden upon
enthusiasts who are mentioned earlier in the reaching an intermediary stage of development.
text. B) The M. robustus population at the Octopus
B) It explains the basis for the claim made by the Garden remains stable despite variations in
technologists mentioned in the text. water temperature.
C) It suggests that academics are better suited than C) M. robustus nests in the Octopus Garden contain
investors to see the potential uses of on average fewer but larger eggs than nests at
contemporary interactive texts. similar ocean depths.
D) It provides a historical anecdote about the D) The Octopus Garden provides an ideal feeding
technological challenges involved in reading the ground for M. robustus hatchlings.
earliest interactive texts.

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The following text is from Thomas Mann’s Percentage of Participants
1924 novel The Magic Mountain, translated by Who Mentioned Factors
John E. Woods in 1995.
The story of Hans Castorp that we intend to tell
here—not for his sake (for the reader will come
to know him as a perfectly ordinary, if engaging
young man), but for the sake of the story itself,
which seems to us to be very much worth telling
(although in Hans Castorp’s favor it should be
noted that it is his story, and that not every story
happens to everybody)—is a story that took
place long ago, and is, so to speak, covered with
the patina of history and must necessarily be told
with verbs whose tense is that of the deepest past.
©1995 by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

What does the text most strongly suggest about the

story of Hans Castorp?
A) Though it is true that stories of even the most
uninteresting people are themselves interesting Researcher Judith Hilton and her team interviewed
because all people are unique, the reason this 55 people about which factors would make them
story is interesting is nonetheless difficult to switch from using single-use plastic containers to
understand because of the passage of time. reusable containers. The graph shows three of the
B) Even though it is a story of a person of no factors mentioned in the interviews and the
particular importance, its age and the manner in percentage of participants who mentioned them.
which it therefore must be told are both According to the graph, about what percentage of
indicators that the story itself is important. participants mentioned costs in the interviews?
C) Like all stories about the lives of inconsequential A) 10%
people, this story must necessarily be related in a
particular way if the reason the story is B) 95%
consequential is to be made evident to the C) 25%
audience. D) 50%
D) It is a remarkable story that happened to an
unremarkable person, though one could
plausibly argue that because the story is valuable,
some of its value accrues to the person at its
center.

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Which quotation from a philosopher’s analysis of

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13
The Politics would best support the student’s claim?
A student in a political science course is writing a
paper on Aristotle’s The Politics, in which Aristotle A) “When constructing his argument regarding the
offers his opinion on political instability and gives characteristics of a well-functioning government,
advice on how constitutions can be preserved. Aristotle asserts that ‘Transgression creeps in
Aristotle observes that different forms of government unperceived and at last ruins the state,’
can fall in different ways—for example, oligarchies illustrating this idea with a comparison to
might grant power to military leaders during frequent small expenditures slowly and almost
wartime who refuse to relinquish that power during imperceptibly chipping away at a fortune until it
peacetime—but some methods of preserving order is ultimately depleted.”
apply across all forms of government. The student B) “When Aristotle writes on the necessity of
claims that in particular Aristotle asserts that in a avoiding corruption in government, he proposes
healthy state obedience to law must be as close to that ‘every state should be so administered and
absolute as possible and that even minor infractions so regulated by law that its magistrates cannot
should not be ignored. possibly make money.’ In particular, he thinks
oligarchies are particularly susceptible to
corruption through bribery.”
C) “When Aristotle considers the health of
constitutions, he states that ‘Constitutions are
preserved when their destroyers are at a distance,
and sometimes also because they are near, for
the fear of them makes the government keep in
hand the constitution.’ He holds that rulers who
wish to see constitutions preserved must
continually remind the populace of the dangers
that would result from a constitutional collapse.”
D) “When contrasting different forms of
government, Aristotle holds that ‘oligarchies
may last, not from any inherent stability in such
forms of government, but because the rulers are
on good terms both with the unenfranchised and
with the governing classes.’ That is, oligarchic
leaders who wish to hold on to power will
introduce members of disenfranchised classes
into government in a participatory role.”

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Almost all works of fiction contain references to the
progression of time, including the time of day when
events in a story take place. In a 2020 study, Allen
Kim, Charuta Pethe, and Steven Skiena claim that an
observable pattern in such references reflects a shift
in human behavior prompted by the spread of
electric lighting in the late nineteenth century. The
researchers drew this conclusion from an analysis of
more than 50,000 novels spanning many centuries
and cultures, using software to recognize and tally
both specific time references—that is, clock phrases,
such as 7 a.m. or 2:30 p.m.—and implied ones, such
as mentions of meals typically associated with a
particular time of day.
Which finding from the study, if true, would most
directly support the researchers’ conclusion?
A) Novels published after the year 1800 include the
clock phrase 10 a.m. less often than novels
published before the year 1800 do.
B) Novels published after 1880 contain significantly
more references to activities occurring after
10 p.m. than do novels from earlier periods.
C) Among novels published in the nineteenth
century, implied time references become steadily
more common than clock phrases as publication
dates approach 1900.
D) The time references of noon (12 p.m.) and
midnight (12 a.m.) are used with roughly the
same frequency in the novels.

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 □ urban population growth
■ GDP per capita growth

Which choice most effectively uses data from the

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-15 - - graph to complete the statement?
Percentage of ULE Attributed to
Population Growth and GDP per Capita A) national governments of countries in Region 1
Growth in Two World Regions experienced declines in efficiency in the period
from 2000 to 2014, relative to the period from
1970 to 2000.
B) countries in Region 1 experienced a slower rate
of economic growth in the period from 2000 to
2014 than countries in Region 2 did, despite
increasing national government efficiency in
Region 1.
C) national governments of most countries in
Region 2 became more efficient in the period
from 2000 to 2014 than they had been in the
period from 1970 to 2000, but those of several
countries in this region did not.
D) national governments of countries in Region 1
and in Region 2 generally became more efficient
in the period from 2000 to 2014 than they had
been in the period from 1970 to 2000, but at
different rates.

In a study of urban physical expansion, Richa Mahtta

et al. conducted a meta-analysis of more than
300 cities worldwide to determine whether urban
land expansion (ULE) was more strongly influenced
by urban population growth or by growth in gross
domestic product (GDP) per capita, a measure of
economic activity. Because efficient national
government is necessary to provide urban services
and infrastructure that attract economic investment,
Mahtta et al. propose that absent other factors, the
importance of GDP per capita growth to ULE would
likely increase relative to the importance of
population growth as governments become more
efficient. If true, this suggests the possibility
that _______

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 Which choice best describes data from the graph that

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-16 - - support the student’s assertion?
China's Imports by Type, 2000-2006
A) Processing imports with inputs were greater than
both ordinary imports and processing imports
with assembly in 2006.
B) From 2000 to 2006, processing imports with
inputs rose much more sharply than processing
imports with assembly did.
C) From 2000 to 2006, neither processing imports
with inputs nor processing imports with
assembly were greater than ordinary imports.
D) Processing imports with assembly were greater
in 2006 than processing imports with inputs
in 2000.

A student is researching the Chinese government’s

1992 shift to a market economy that emphasizes
trade liberalization. One means of trade liberalization
involves expanding from ordinary imports into an
emphasis on processing imports, which have
two types: processing with assembly (in which a firm
obtains raw materials from a foreign trading partner
without payment and sells the final goods to that
partner, charging for assembly) and processing with
inputs (in which a firm expends capital to buy raw
materials from a trading partner, processes them into
final goods, and sells those goods to whichever
trading partner it chooses). The student asserts that
while initial efforts at trade liberalization were
shaped by Chinese firms’ limited capital, this
situation resolved during the 2000s.

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Narwhals are shy whales that live in the remote To address the susceptibility of materials used in
Arctic Ocean. Some of them have a long tusk, like a components of high-performance machinery, such as
unicorn horn, with sensitive nerves. Narwhals are aircraft engines, to creep (deformation that is
known for this tusk, but many actually don’t have induced by persistent mechanical stress and that
one and its purpose is unknown. One group of often occurs at elevated temperatures), materials
scientists came up with a possible purpose in 2014. researchers have developed silicon carbide (SiC)
The scientists suggested that the tusk may help fibers for producing aerospace composites. Testing
narwhals determine when water around them is the thermomechanical properties of several
likely to start freezing and become dangerous for commercially available SiC fibers, Ramakrishna T.
them. Marine biologist Kristin Laidre disagrees with Bhatt et al. found that in comparison with
that idea, though. She reasons that if the narwhal’s two polymer-derived SiC fibers, a nitrogen-treated
tusk serves such an important purpose, then it’s most SiC fiber exhibited a lower minimum creep rate, a
likely that _______ measure of the rate at which a stress-exposed
material deforms at a constant temperature and
Which choice most logically completes the text?
uniaxial load. The finding suggests that _______
A) some narwhals would seek a new habitat.
Which choice most logically completes the text?
B) fewer marine animals would also have tusks.
A) unlike the two polymer-derived SiC fibers, the
C) more narwhals would have a tusk. nitrogen-treated SiC fiber can substantially
D) narwhals would become less shy over time. inhibit creep, provided that temperatures and
loads are consistent.
B) the two polymer-derived SiC fibers likely hold
similar potential for reducing the creep
resistance of materials exposed to stress and
elevated temperatures, thus prolonging the life
span of aerospace machinery.
C) composites based on the two polymer-derived
SiC fibers have chemical properties that may
improve the mechanical and thermal stability of
aerospace equipment to a greater extent than do
composites based on the nitrogen-treated
SiC fiber.
D) aerospace composites containing the
nitrogen-treated SiC fiber may have the ability to
withstand mechanical stress for a longer period
of time than can aerospace composites
containing either of the two polymer-derived
SiC fibers.

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One of the earliest known maps is a Babylonian clay Many mechanical calculators were powered by a
tablet thought to be almost 4,500 years old. The map notched cylinder mechanism called the Leibniz
_______ the area of a plot of land, shows a river wheel. Leibniz wheel calculators were popular in the
valley, and includes the cardinal directions. first half of the twentieth _______ these ingenious
devices were eventually replaced by electronic
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
calculators.
to the conventions of Standard English?
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
A) describes
to the conventions of Standard English?
B) describe
A) century
C) have described
B) century,
D) are describing
C) century, but
D) century that
-
20 - - - - - - ~

Eighteen letters written by Louisa May Alcott, author

-
23 - - - - - - ~
of the popular novel Little Women (1868), can be
found at the New York Historical Society. _______ Featuring jagged peaks of black ink surrounded by
letters demonstrate Alcott’s keen business sense in hazy swirls of blue and green paint, Zhang Daqian’s
her interactions with publishers. 1983 painting Panorama of Mount Lu is inspired by
the tradition of qinglü shanshui, a type of Chinese
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
landscape painting _______ by the use of blue and
to the conventions of Standard English?
green hues to depict ethereal, otherworldly
A) One landscapes.
B) That Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
C) This to the conventions of Standard English?
D) These A) has been characterized
B) will be characterized
C) characterized
-21 - - - - - - ~
The Dust Bowl was a period of severe drought that D) is characterized
plagued the Great Plains of the US during the 1930s.
During this time, dust storms _______ over
100 million acres of land. They even reached as far
east as New York City.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) are affecting
B) will have affected
C) will affect
D) affected

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24 26
Increasing the heat on an uncovered boiling pot of Recently unearthed Neronian tools in France
water does not increase the temperature of the water. dating to 54,000 years ago and attributed to Homo
What increases is the rate at which the water turns to sapiens may provide evidence that interactions
_______ a pressure cooker pot, though, an airtight between Neanderthals and modern humans occurred
seal traps the vapor in the pot, creating pressure that 10,000 years earlier than was previously _______
allows the temperature of the water to increase past finding that, if true, would overturn current theories
its boiling point. about H. sapiens migration during the Upper
Paleolithic.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English? Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) vapor. With
B) vapor with A) supposed; a
C) vapor, with B) supposed. A
D) vapor and with C) supposed a
D) supposed, a

25
27
Wanting to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the
Alaska Purchase, _______ up with a motto that best Guard cells are specialized cells that are part of a
captured the state’s unique character. The plant’s pores. These cells help regulate the amount of
commission selected “North to the Future,” carbon dioxide a plant takes in. _______ they help
submitted by Juneau journalist Richard Peter, as its regulate a plant’s water loss.
winning entry.
Which choice completes the text with the most
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms logical transition?
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) Additionally,
A) a contest sponsored by the Alaska Centennial B) Previously,
Commission would award $300 to an individual
who came C) In conclusion,

B) an award of $300 would go to an individual in a D) Instead,

contest sponsored by the Alaska Centennial
Commission for coming
C) $300 would be awarded to an individual by the
Alaska Centennial Commission in a contest for
coming
D) the Alaska Centennial Commission sponsored a
contest that would award $300 to an individual
who came

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28 29
While researching a topic, a student has taken the While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes: following notes:
• Angana Chaudhuri is a scientist. • “Raymond’s Run” is a short story.
• Chaudhuri studies sedimentary rocks. • It was written by African American author
Toni Cade Bambara.
• A scientist who studies sedimentary rocks is called
a sedimentologist. • It was first published in her book Gorilla, My Love
in 1972.
• Shale, chalk, and sandstone are examples of
sedimentary rocks. • It is told from a first person perspective.
The student wants to identify what type of scientist • It takes place in Harlem.
Chaudhuri is. Which choice most effectively uses
The student wants to indicate where the short story
relevant information from the notes to accomplish
takes place. Which choice most effectively uses
this goal?
relevant information from the notes to accomplish
A) Chalk is a type of sedimentary rock. this goal?
B) Some scientists study shale, chalk, and A) “Raymond’s Run” takes place in Harlem.
sandstone.
B) “Raymond’s Run” was published in Gorilla, My
C) There are scientists who study sedimentary Love.
rocks.
C) “Raymond’s Run” is told from a first person
D) Chaudhuri is a sedimentologist. perspective.
D) “Raymond’s Run” was written by Toni Cade
Bambara.

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30 31
While researching a topic, a student has taken the While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes: following notes:
• The Royal Alcázar of Seville is a historic royal • Musicians around the world have used protest
palace in Andalucía, Spain. songs to raise awareness about human rights
violations.
• The palace is famous for its intricate tilework.
• US folk singer Aunt Molly Jackson released the
• The palace features majolica and arista tiles.
protest song “Poor Miner’s Farewell” in 1932.
• In the majolica style, designs are painted directly
• It exposed the unlivable wages and dangerous
on the ceramic tiles.
working conditions coal miners faced in Kentucky
• In the arista style, designs are stamped into the during the 1920s and 1930s.
ceramic tiles.
• South African singer-songwriter Hugh Masekela
The student wants to contrast the two styles of tiles. released the protest song “Bring Him Back Home”
Which choice most effectively uses relevant in 1987.
information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
• It called on the South African government to free
A) Tiles in the majolica and arista styles can be Nelson Mandela, an anti-apartheid leader who’d
found in the Royal Alcázar of Seville in been unjustly imprisoned.
Andalucía, Spain.
The student wants to contrast the song “Poor Miner’s
B) Featuring tiles in the majolica and arista styles, Farewell” with the song “Bring Him Back Home.”
the Royal Alcázar of Seville in Spain is famous Which choice most effectively uses relevant
for its intricate tilework. information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
C) In the arista style, designs are stamped into the A) The songs “Poor Miner’s Farewell” and “Bring
ceramic tiles, whereas in the majolica style, the Him Back Home” both raised awareness about
designs are painted directly on them. human rights violations.
D) Among the famous tilework of the Royal Alcázar B) While both are protest songs, “Poor Miner’s
of Seville are majolica style tiles, made by Farewell” is about coal miners in Kentucky,
painting designs directly on the ceramic tiles. whereas “Bring Him Back Home” is about the
anti-apartheid leader Nelson Mandela.
C) Hugh Masekela’s song “Bring Him Back Home,”
released in 1987, called on the South African
government to free Nelson Mandela.
D) Released in 1932 by Aunt Molly Jackson, the
song “Poor Miner’s Farewell” was a protest
against the unlivable wages and dangerous
working conditions faced by Kentucky coal
miners.

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While researching a topic, a student has taken the While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes: following notes:
• Political scientist Graham Allison is known for his • Researchers in a 2021 study wanted to determine
Thucydides trap theory. the rate at which 17 languages conveyed both
information and syllables.
• Allison’s theory states that whenever “a rising
power is threatening to displace a ruling power,” • They calculated the bits of information conveyed
conflict is likely. per second (the IR, or information rate).
• The theory is based on Thucydides’s explanation • The IR was found to be approximately consistent
of the conflict between Athens and Sparta. across the 17 languages (an average of 39 bits per
second).
• Thucydides wrote that “the rise of Athens and the
fear this instilled in Sparta” made conflict • They calculated the number of syllables spoken
“inevitable.” per second (the SR, or syllable rate).
• History professor Edmund Stewart recently • Spanish had the second-fastest SR (7.7 syllables
challenged the historical basis of the theory. per second).
• Stewart claimed that Athens was not a rising • Vietnamese had the sixteenth-fastest SR
power and that the rivals experienced a “clash of (5.3 syllables per second).
cultures” instead.
The student wants to present an overview of the
The student wants to use a quotation to challenge study’s findings. Which choice most effectively uses
Thucydides’s explanation of the conflict between relevant information from the notes to accomplish
Athens and Sparta. Which choice most effectively this goal?
uses relevant information from the notes to
A) The 2021 study determined the information rate
accomplish this goal?
(IR) of 17 languages in bits of information
A) According to Allison’s Thucydides trap theory, conveyed per second.
whenever “a rising power is threatening to B) Researchers found that information was
displace a ruling power,” conflict is likely. conveyed more quickly in Spanish, at
B) Thucydides wrote that conflict between the two 7.7 syllables per second, than in Vietnamese, at
powers was “inevitable,” although Stewart later 5.3 syllables per second.
challenged the historical basis of this claim. C) Vietnamese had the sixteenth-fastest syllable
C) According to Stewart, a “clash of cultures” rate, lower than that of Spanish, which had the
between Athens and Sparta caused the conflict, second-fastest; however, Spanish had the lower
not Athens’s rise. information rate of the two.
D) Thucydides explained that conflict was caused by D) Though some of the languages differed in
“the rise of Athens and the fear this instilled in number of syllables spoken per second, all 17
Sparta,” but Allison disagreed, seeing the conflict conveyed information at roughly the same rate.
as an example of the Thucydides trap.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

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No Test Material On This Page
 Module
2

Reading and Writing

33 QUESTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each
question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage
and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).
All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a
single best answer.

......................................................................................................................................................................................................

-1 --------~ -2 --------~
Taking photographs in the mid-1800s was Painter Alma W. Thomas was fascinated by the
complicated and expensive, but this changed with the colors and shapes found in nature. The flowers and
1854 invention of the carte de visite, a small photo trees in the garden at her home in Washington, DC,
that cost little to make. Carte de visite photos helped _______ her work. For example, Thomas’s use of
to _______ photography: they made it easy and broken brushstrokes was inspired by the way that
enjoyable for everyday people to have their pictures light would shine through the leaves of a tree in front
taken, and people at the time loved exchanging these of her house.
small photos with friends and family.
Which choice completes the text with the most
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) restricted
A) weaken B) announced
B) praise C) distracted
C) popularize D) influenced
D) isolate

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-3 - - - - -5 - - - -
In the 1990s, conservationists began planting more In 1776, the United States sent Benjamin Franklin to
than 500,000 native trees in the habitat of the Azores France to try to win the country’s support in the
bullfinch to boost the bird’s numbers. This approach United States’ fight for independence from
was apparently _______: the Azores bullfinch’s Great Britain. Franklin was very popular in France.
population size increased from as few as 100 birds at This _______ surely helped him to convince France
the end of the 1980s to around 1,300 in 2023. to assist the United States.
Which choice completes the text with the most Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase? logical and precise word or phrase?
A) amusing A) thoughtfulness
B) costly B) esteem
C) successful C) controversy
D) disastrous D) sincerity

-
4 - - - -
6
The recently observed gamma ray burst In the 1950s, scientists didn’t know much about the
GRB 230307A lasted for 200 seconds, _______ for a ocean floor. Many scientists at the time believed that
burst generated by the merger of neutron stars. the ocean floor was mostly flat. But geologist
Bursts caused by neutron mergers typically last fewer Marie Tharp and her research partner,
than 2 seconds. Bruce Heezen, proved that this idea was wrong.
Using sonar data collected from the Atlantic Ocean,
Which choice completes the text with the most
Tharp and Heezen showed that the floor was filled
logical and precise word or phrase?
with canyons, mountains, and valleys.
A) a coincidence
Which choice best describes the function of the
B) a reprieve underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
C) an incident A) It identifies a scientific belief that Tharp and
D) an oddity Heezen showed to be wrong.
B) It describes the design of Tharp and Heezen’s
experiment.
C) It emphasizes a disagreement between Tharp
and Heezen.
D) It presents data to support a claim that Tharp
and Heezen made.

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7 8
In the early days of television in the 1940s, many The Bayeux Tapestry, from eleventh-century France,
people thought that US television programs would depicts 75 scenes over 250 feet of fabric. It was likely
rely on the financial support of ad agencies and produced by workers embroidering in sections and
commercial sponsors, much like radio did. But then joining the resulting panels together. It’s
advertisers hesitated to jump into a new space, plausible that the workshop that produced the
particularly at a time when the manufacturing of new tapestry had never produced one so large, and some
television sets was stalled due to the US’s researchers claim that a close examination of the
involvement in World War II. Broadcasters, like the joins—the places where the panels are stitched
National Broadcasting Company (NBC), needed to together—suggests that the workers developed and
persuade advertisers to support their programming refined their joining process over the course of
despite not knowing whether there would be a robust production. For example, the first join the workers
television audience to begin with. completed exhibits a clear misalignment of the
borders of the two panels, whereas the later joins are
Which choice best describes the function of the
virtually invisible.
underlined phrase in the text as a whole?
Which choice best describes the function of the
A) It compares the beginnings of radio
underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
programming with the beginnings of television
programming in the United States. A) It identifies the people and events depicted in the
B) It identifies a specific reason behind some Bayeux Tapestry.
advertisers’ hesitance to support television. B) It supports an argument about the workers who
C) It describes how broadcasters attempted to produced the Bayeux Tapestry.
convince advertisers to support television. C) It compares the Bayeux Tapestry with other
D) It explains why a type of television programming tapestries from eleventh-century France.
was popular at the time. D) It describes how researchers determined where
the Bayeux Tapestry was produced.

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9 10
Text 1 Hevea brasiliensis, a tree in the Amazon rainforest, is
Little is known about how plate tectonics—wherein the world’s main source of natural rubber. The tree
slabs of Earth’s crust move over, under, away from, produces a milky substance called latex that is used
and against one another—began. Some researchers to make rubber. The bark of Hevea brasiliensis is
contend that tectonic movements began around helpful for the process of making rubber because it
3 billion years ago, often noting that computer has a unique structure that makes it easy to collect
models of Earth’s mantle temperature at the time latex. A network of tubes in the tree’s inner bark
indicate that the mantle would have been sufficiently helps the latex to flow out easily when people make
molten to enable the plates to move. small cuts into the bark.
Text 2 What feature of Hevea brasiliensis does the text say is
Ultimately, any plausible claim about the inception helpful for the process of making rubber?
of tectonic movement must rest on empirical
A) Its latex produces rubber of an especially high
evidence from the geological record. Researcher
quality.
Wriju Chowdhury and his team analyzed the
geochemistry of zircon crystals to gain insight into B) Its bark has a unique structure that makes it easy
the chemical composition of the magma from which to collect latex.
the crystals formed and, based on the data, C) It is able to grow in a wide variety of climates
compellingly argue that plate tectonics may have around the world.
been occurring as early as 4.2 billion years ago.
D) It is one of only two trees in the Amazon that
Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 produce latex.
most likely respond to what “some researchers
contend” as described in Text 1?
A) By suggesting that the temperature of Earth’s
mantle 3 billion years ago was likely insufficient
to allow for the level of tectonic movement
predicted by computer models
B) By distinguishing between computer models of
Earth’s mantle temperature that reliably predict
the onset of plate tectonics and those that do not
C) By indicating that computer models of Earth’s
mantle temperature are still being improved
such that new models tend to be much more
reliable than their predecessors
D) By asserting that a more definitive form of
evidence than the computer models suggests a
different timeline for the onset of plate tectonics
on Earth

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11 12
Conservationists worldwide are working to protect Percentage of Bus Shelters with Shade in a
ecosystems from habitat destruction and biodiversity County by Areas’ Highest Average Summer
loss, and in many cases, initiatives that rely on Surface Temperature
natural features or processes can help address such
challenges. In response to a rapidly dwindling Highest average surface Percentage of bus stops
population of blueback salmon, the Quinault Indian temperature (Fahrenheit) with shaded shelter
Nation (a tribe in Washington State) partnered with 90.2° 15%
the conservation organization Wild Salmon Center 97.7° 22%
to restore naturally occurring logjams in the 102.7° 24%
Quinault River. The logjams create shady pools 111.2° 28%
where the blueback salmon can rest and spawn, thus 125.6° 29%
promoting blueback population recovery.
A student is researching a bus system in a large
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
county where surface temperatures vary by area and
A) A partnership between the Quinault Indian are hot in the summer. The student claims that all
Nation and Wild Salmon Center shows the areas of the county should have more bus stops with
importance of collaborative approaches to shaded shelter, noting that the highest percentage of
preserving biodiversity. bus stops with shaded shelter for any area is
B) Nature-based approaches can be effective ways only _______
to achieve conservation goals. Which choice most effectively uses data from the
C) As indicated by a recent project, logjams help the table to complete the student’s claim?
blueback salmon thrive and reproduce. A) 50%.
D) Scientists now realize that nature-based
B) 15%.
conservation methods offer better long-term
solutions to environmental issues than methods C) 90%.
that are not nature-based do. D) 29%.

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13 15
Total Areas and 2022 Populations of Smallest Early Earth is thought to have been characterized by
Arabian Peninsula Countries a stagnant lid tectonic regime, in which the upper
lithosphere (the outer rocky layer) was essentially
Total area immobile and there was no interaction between the
Country (square miles) Population lithosphere and the underlying mantle. Researchers
Kuwait 6,880 4,268,873 investigated the timing of the transition from a
Bahrain 304 1,472,233 stagnant lid regime to a tectonic plate regime, in
Qatar 4,471 2,695,122 which the lithosphere is fractured into dynamic
plates that in turn allow lithospheric and mantle
In terms of area and population, the three smallest material to mix. Examining chemical data from
Arabian Peninsula countries are Bahrain, Qatar, and lithospheric and mantle-derived rocks ranging from
Kuwait. 285 million to 3.8 billion years old, the researchers
According to the table, what is the total area of dated the transition to 3.2 billion years ago.
Bahrain? Which finding, if true, would most directly support
the researchers’ conclusion?
A) 4,268,873 square miles
B) 4,471 square miles A) Among rocks known to be older than 3.2 billion
years, significantly more are mantle derived than
C) 304 square miles
lithospheric, but the opposite is true for the
D) 6,880 square miles rocks younger than 3.2 billion years.
B) Mantle-derived rocks older than 3.2 billion years
show significantly more compositional diversity
14
than lithospheric rocks older than 3.2 billion
Janet Echelman is a sculptor and fiber artist. She has years do.
installed giant sculptures all over the world.
C) There is a positive correlation between the age of
Echelman uses bright and flowing materials, which
lithospheric rocks and their chemical similarity
mimic the wind. However, while her sculptures
to mantle-derived rocks, and that correlation
appear as delicate as a breeze, they are actually very
increases significantly in strength at around
durable.
3.2 billion years old.
Which quotation from an article about Echelman’s D) Mantle-derived rocks younger than 3.2 billion
sculptures, if true, would most effectively illustrate years contain some material that is not found in
the underlined claim? older mantle-derived rocks but is found in older
A) “Echelman uses a special program that makes a and contemporaneous lithospheric rocks.
3D model of the sculpture.”
B) “The first part of planning a new sculpture is
done using paper and pencil, and then a digital
program is used to finalize the design.”
C) “The materials that Echelman uses to build her
sculptures are both flexible and strong.”
D) “Each sculpture is designed to reflect local
landmarks from the area in which it is eventually
installed.”

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16 17
The Uto-Aztecan language family is divided into a Data collected by the Mars rover Curiosity at the
northern branch, which includes the Shoshone Gale Crater’s Murray Formation are suggestive of
language of present-day Idaho and Utah, and a hydrological deposition of sediment in the distant
southern one, whose best-known representative is past. To characterize the nature of the depositional
Nahuatl, the language of the Aztec Empire in environment, Frances Rivera-Hernández et al.
Mexico. Lexical similarities across the family, analyzed the grain size of Murray Formation
including of botanical terms, confirm descent from a sediment, finding that although there are intervals of
single language spoken millennia ago, and the coarse grains, most of the sediment consists of fine
family’s geographical distribution suggests an origin grains that show signs of cracking due to episodic
in what is now the US Southwest. However, desiccation. Rivera-Hernández et al. concluded that
vocabulary pertaining to maize isn’t shared between the coarse grains are sandstone, which tends to be
northern and southern branches, despite the crop’s deposited by flowing water, whereas the fine grains
universal cultivation among Uto-Aztecan tribes. are mudstone, which is slowly deposited by settling
Given archaeological evidence that maize originated out of suspension in low-flow water, leading the
in Mexico and diffused northward into what became researchers to posit that _______
the US Southwest, some linguists reason
Which choice most logically completes the text?
that _______
A) although the area of the Murray Formation
Which choice most logically completes the text?
experienced a prolonged period of dryness that
A) northern Uto-Aztecan tribes likely obtained the prevented a lake from forming, water flowing
crop directly from a southern Uto-Aztecan tribe from a distant source was present.
rather than from a non-Uto-Aztecan tribe. B) a lake existed at the Murray Formation for a
B) variation in maize-related vocabulary within prolonged period, though the lake occasionally
each branch of the Uto-Aztecan family likely experienced drying and there were periods in
reflects regionally specific methods for which one or more streams were present.
cultivating the crop. C) one or more streams existed at the Murray
C) southern Uto-Aztecan tribes likely acquired Formation for an extended period until being
maize at roughly the same time as northern replaced by a lake that persisted for only a brief
Uto-Aztecan tribes did, though from different period before permanently drying.
sources. D) a stream-fed lake was present at the Murray
D) the family’s division into northern and southern Formation for an extended period, and although
branches likely preceded the acquisition of the the streams experienced occasional drying, the
crop by the Uto-Aztecan tribes. lake did not.

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18 20
An analysis by Alain Elayi and colleagues of coins The Globe Theatre in London is a reconstruction of
minted in Sidon in the fifth and fourth centuries BCE the famed venue where many of Shakespeare’s plays
reveals a change in their composition over time: were first performed. In 1613, a prop cannon
while a coin from circa 450 BCE contains about _______ during a performance and ignited the
98% silver and 1% copper, a coin from 367 BCE (the Globe’s thatched roof. No one was hurt, but in
end of Ba’alšillem II’s reign) contains 74.2% silver two hours the original Globe was gone.
and 24.7% copper, giving it a relatively yellowish Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
appearance that traders would have noticed. Because to the conventions of Standard English?
coins with a silver content below 80% were widely
considered unsuitable for trade, Elayi et al. speculate A) malfunctions
that a crisis in confidence in the currency occurred in B) will malfunction
Sidon around 367 BCE, which was likely relieved—
C) has malfunctioned
despite Sidon’s persistent oppressive financial
obligations—as a result of Ba’alšillem II’s successor D) malfunctioned
Abd’aštart I’s decision to _______
Which choice most logically completes the text? 21
- - - - -

A) proclaim that the percentage of silver in coins Nigerian American artist Toyin Ojih Odutola uses
suitable for trade would be raised to a threshold black-ink pens to create highly detailed drawings of
higher than 80% . human figures. Her portrait of novelist
B) keep the amount of silver in Sidonian coins Zadie _______ is displayed in the National Portrait
consistent with that in coins minted in 367 BCE Gallery in London.
but decrease their weight. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
C) begin minting heavier coins with a proportion of to the conventions of Standard English?
silver to copper similar to that in coins minted in
A) Smith:
367 BCE.
B) Smith—
D) fund the mining of some copper deposits that
were not available to Ba’alšillem II. C) Smith
D) Smith,

- 19 - - - -
Nowadays, tug-of-war is usually seen as an informal
game one might play at a picnic or in gym class.
Surprisingly, the Olympic committee once decided
_______ tug-of-war as an official Olympic event!
Nations competed in the event at the Olympic
Games from 1900 to 1920.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) included
B) including
C) include
D) to include

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22 24
When a given industry—water and electricity are Digital artist Jung (Lulu) Chen primarily uses a suite
two well-known examples—carries high of software tools to create illustrations for children’s
infrastructural start-up costs and other barriers that books. To manifest the warm and welcoming
discourage competition, _______ of just one or atmospheres that are a signature of her _______ she
two suppliers per municipality. Such industries are occasionally relies on more traditional art
known as natural monopolies. techniques, such as painting with watercolors.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English? to the conventions of Standard English?
A) these often consist A) work, though,
B) they often consist B) work, though
C) it often consists C) work; though,
D) this often consists D) work, though;

-
23 - - - - -
25 - - - -

As the fourteenth US librarian of Congress, Chondrites are stony meteorites that are
Carla Hayden has many responsibilities. These undifferentiated—that is, their contents have not
include overseeing the Library of Congress’s melted and separated into distinct layers. They are
collections, which boast more than 162 million hardly _______ many chondrites experience aqueous
_______ the US Copyright Office, which registers alteration as a result of exposure to fluids, as well as
copyright claims and advises Congress on copyright fracturing, veining, and localized melting due to
law; and appointing the US poet laureate. collisions with other objects.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English? to the conventions of Standard English?
A) items managing A) pristine, though
B) items, managing B) pristine, though;
C) items; managing C) pristine; though
D) items. Managing D) pristine, though,

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26 28
That the geographic center of North America lay in In 2021, a model developed by astrophysicist
the state of North Dakota was conceded by all Catherine Zucker and her research team revealed
_______ establishing its precise coordinates proved that the same supernovas responsible for the creation
more divisive. and ongoing expansion of the Local Bubble—a
14-million-year-old cavity in the Milky Way—are
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
likely responsible for the formation of new stars.
to the conventions of Standard English?
_______ this model detailed how the bubble’s
A) involved: expansion trapped interstellar clouds of gas and dust
B) involved, that became stars upon their eventual collapse.

C) involved Which choice completes the text with the most

logical transition?
D) involved;
A) Hence,
B) However,
27
C) Admittedly,
Famous for its four-degree tilt, the leaning
Garisenda Tower is a popular attraction in Bologna’s D) Specifically,
city center. However, measurements taken in 2023
showed that the tower was rotating in a concerning
way. _______ city officials closed the area around the
tower so experts could explore solutions to stabilize
the historical twelfth-century structure.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition?
A) Similarly,
B) As a result,
C) For example,
D) In comparison,

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29 31
Following the American Revolutionary War, Mountain climbing routes that incorporate metal
North American foodways underwent a radical rungs and cables are known as via ferratas, from the
transformation, fueled in large part by spiking Italian phrase for “iron path.” As climbing these
consumer demand for certain grains. The cultivation, routes has shifted from a mode of travel to a sporting
trade, and transportation of maize and wheat, activity, modern via ferratas are rarely designed to
_______ reconfigured the continent’s existing simply reach a summit. _______ new routes favor
regional foodways into a globally oriented food recreation over utility, aiming to provide a
system. challenging climb or showcase dramatic scenery.
Which choice completes the text with the most Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition? logical transition?
A) in particular, A) Additionally,
B) alternatively, B) On the other hand,
C) by comparison, C) More often,
D) second of all, D) Nonetheless,

30
When, in 2017, Cambridge University students
Lucy Moss and Toby Marlow decided they wanted to
develop a musical together, one of their goals was for
their female actor friends to have good parts to play.
_______ they created the show Six, a retelling of the
history of King Henry VIII’s wives in which each of
the six queens has a starring role.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition?
A) In other words,
B) In summary,
C) For example,
D) To that end,

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32 33

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
While researching a topic, a student has taken the While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes: following notes:
• Samuel Delany is a US writer known for his • Chiura Obata was a Japanese American artist who
science fiction. lived in California.
• Delany’s science fiction novel Babel-17 was • Yosemite Falls is a notable painting by Obata.
published in 1966.
• It uses a Japanese method of black ink painting
• The novel won a Nebula Award in 1967. called sumi-e.
• The Nebula Awards are given each year to the best • This painting was completed in 1930.
works of science fiction published in the US.
The student wants to indicate the year Yosemite Falls
The student wants to indicate the title of a novel that was completed. Which choice most effectively uses
won a Nebula Award. Which choice most effectively relevant information from the notes to accomplish
uses relevant information from the notes to this goal?
accomplish this goal?
A) While living in California, Obata created
A) Babel-17, by Samuel Delany, won a Nebula black ink paintings.
Award in 1967. B) Obata, a Japanese American artist, created a
B) Samuel Delany published a science fiction novel notable painting.
in 1966. C) Yosemite Falls was completed in 1930.
C) Samuel Delany is an award-winning US writer D) Obata used a Japanese painting method called
known for his science fiction. sumi-e.
D) One of Samuel Delany’s novels was among the
best works of science fiction published in the US.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

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 Module
1

Math
27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important math skills.
Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions.

,a-nH
NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x)
is a real number.

li04ii1Ut31
REFERENCE

G
£

CJw
~ b
b~
a
~ 0

x--../3
x
'~
45°
s
A =nr 2 A= Rw A =_!bh c2 = a2 + b2 Special Right Triangles
2
C=2nr

62h E} £

V= Rwh V= nr 2h
@
V = i,.r3
3
4
V=½nr 2h
£
1
V = 3 £wh

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

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For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct

answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book.
Circle only one answer for each question. If you change your mind, completely
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one
answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write

your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit
for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than
one circled answer.
• If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.
• Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to
6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.
• If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3.!. ), write it as an improper
fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5). 2
• Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in
your circled answer.

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-1 - - - - - - - - ~ -3 - - - - - - - - ~

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The scatterplot shows the temperature, in degrees Ip I + 61 = 65
Fahrenheit (°F), and the distance above sea level, in Which value is a solution to the given equation?
feet, measured at 6 locations on Mount Jefferson. A
line of best fit is also shown. 65
A)
61
y
80 B) 4
70
60
C) 126

-- -- ---
50
Temperature
40
-'
(OF) ',
D) 130
30 c-.
,__
20
10
X
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000
Distance above sea level (feet)

At a distance of 4,000 feet above sea level, what is the

temperature, in °F, predicted by the line of best fit? -4 --------~
A) 47 Lorenzo purchased a box of cereal and some
strawberries at the grocery store. Lorenzo paid $2 for
B) 35
the box of cereal and $1.90 per pound for the
C) 25 strawberries. If Lorenzo paid a total of $9.60 for the
D) 0 box of cereal and the strawberries, which of the
following equations can be used to find p, the
number of pounds of strawberries Lorenzo
purchased? (Assume there is no sales tax.)
A) 1.90p + 2 = 9.60
B) 1.90p − 2 = 9.60
C) 1.90 + 2p = 9.60
- --------~
2 D) 1.90 − 2p = 9.60
Rectangle P has an area of 72 square inches. If a
rectangle with an area of 20 square inches is removed
from rectangle P, what is the area, in square inches,
of the resulting figure?
A) 92
B) 84
C) 80
D) 52

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-5 - - - - - - - - - -7 - - - - - - - - -

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The bar graph summarizes the charge, in What is an x-coordinate of an x-intercept of the
kilowatt-hours (kWh), a battery received each day graph of y = 3(x − 14)(x + 5)(x + 4) in the xy-plane?
for 15 days.
7

!'o
6
5 -
4 -
~

~ 3 -
§ 2
z -8 - - -
-

1 - y
I I I I I I
~

0
0 8 9 11 16 23 35 0
Charge (kWh) 30 0
25 0
For how many of these 15 days did the battery
receive a charge of 0 kWh? Value (dollars) 20 0 ' ~

15 0 i-..
I',,

--
A) 0 100 ,-...
B) 1 50
C) 4 X
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
D) 6
Number of months
after purchase

The graph shown gives the estimated value, in

dollars, of a tablet as a function of the number of
months since it was purchased. What is the best
interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph in this
context?
-
6 - - - - - - - - - A) The estimated value of the tablet was $225 when
A line in the xy-plane has a slope of 9 and passes it was purchased.
through the point (0, −5). The equation y = px + r B) The estimated value of the tablet 24 months after
defines the line, where p and r are constants. What it was purchased was $225.
is the value of p ? C) The estimated value of the tablet had decreased
by $225 in the 24 months after it was purchased.
D) The estimated value of the tablet decreased by
approximately 2.25% each year after it was
purchased.

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 Module
1

-9 - - - - - - - - ~

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 11 - - - - -
Triangles EFG and JKL are congruent, where E, F, y
9
i\
and G correspond to J, K, and L, respectively. The
/V
" ,i

''
measure of angle E is 45° and the measure of
angle F is 20° . What is the measure of angle J ? ~/
/ ll6

'
A) 20°
V/ 5
XV 4
B) 45°

/
C) 135°
3
V
D) 160°
2
/ 1
V
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 u 1 2 3
X

The graph of a system of an absolute value function

and a linear function is shown. What is the solution
10 (x , y ) to this system of two equations?
- --------~
1
The function f is defined by f (x ) = (x + 6). What A) (0, 8)
2
is the value of f (4) ? 7 9
B)  , 
A) 20  2 2 
B) 12  7 9
C) − , 
C) 10  2 2 
D) 5
D) (−3, 4)

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 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 12 - - - - - - - - 15 - - - - - - -
y = 6x + 3 A circle in the xy-plane has the equation
One of the two equations in a system of linear (x − 13)2 + ( y − k)2 = 64. Which of the following
equations is given. The system has infinitely many
gives the center of the circle and its radius?
solutions. Which equation could be the second
equation in this system? A) The center is at (13, k) and the radius is 8.
A) y = 2(6x) + 3 B) The center is at (k, 13) and the radius is 8.
B) y = 2(6x + 3) C) The center is at (k, 13) and the radius is 64.
C) 2( y) = 2(6x ) + 3 D) The center is at (13, k) and the radius is 64.
D) 2( y) = 2(6x + 3)

-
16 - - - - - - -

-
13 - - - - - - - The function f is defined by f (x ) = 1x − 4x I. What
6 value of a satisfies f (5) − f (a) = −15 ?
If p + 18 = 54, what is the value of 7p ?
7 A) −20
B) 5
C) 10
D) 45

-
14 - - - - - - -
y = 9x + 12
x + 7y = 20
The solution to the given system of equations is 17
- - - - - - - -
(x , y ). What is the value of y ?
For the exponential function f, the value of f (0) is c,
where c is a constant. Of the following equations that
define the function f, which equation shows the value
of c as the coefficient or the base?

A) f (x ) = 22(1.5)x+1
B) f (x ) = 33(1.5)x
C) f (x ) = 49.5(1.5)x−1
D) f (x ) = 74.25(1.5)x−2

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 Module
1

-18 - - - - - - - - ~ -20 - - - - - - - - ~

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
t During a study, the temperature, in degrees
The function f (t ) = 40,000(2) 790 gives the number Celsius (°C), of the air in a chamber was recorded to
the nearest integer at certain times. The scatterplot
of bacteria in a population t minutes after an initial
shows the recorded temperature y, in °C , of the air in
observation. How much time, in minutes, does it the chamber x minutes after the start of the study.
y
take for the number of bacteria in the population to
30
28
double? 26
24
22
A) 2 20
18
B) 790 Temperature 16
C) 1,580 coc) l42
10
D) 40,000 8
6
4
2
X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Time (minutes)
What was the average rate of change, in °C per
minute, of the recorded temperature of the air in the
-
19 - - - - - - - - ~ chamber from x = 5 to x = 7 ?
12 2 2
− =−
n t w
The given equation relates the variables n, t, and w,
where n > 0 , t > 0, and w > t . Which expression is
equivalent to n ?

A) 12tw
-21 - - - - - - - - ~
In August, a car dealer completed 15 more than
B) 6(t − w ) 3 times the number of sales the car dealer completed
in September. In August and September, the car
w−t dealer completed 363 sales. How many sales did the
C) car dealer complete in September?
6tw
6tw
D)
w−t

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 Module
1

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
22 24

Points Q and R lie on a circle with center P. The x y

radius of this circle is 9 inches. Triangle PQR has a −2s 24
perimeter of 31 inches. What is the length, in inches, −s 21
s 15
of QR ?

A) 13 2 The table shows three values of x and their

corresponding values of y, where s is a constant.
B) 13 There is a linear relationship between x and y.
Which of the following equations represents this
C) 9 2
relationship?
D) 9
A) sx + 3y = 18s
B) 3x + sy = 18s
C) 3x + sy = 18
D) sx + 3y = 18

23
In a set of four consecutive odd integers, where the
integers are ordered from least to greatest, the first
integer is represented by x. The product of 12 and
the fourth odd integer is at most 26 less than the sum
25
of the first and third odd integers. Which inequality
represents this situation? Which of the following expressions is equivalent
A) 12(x + 6) ≤ x + (x + 4) − 26 to (sin 24°)(cos 66°) + (cos 24°)(sin 66°) ?

B) 12(x + 6) ≥ 26 − (x + (x + 4)) A) 2(cos 66°)(sin 24°)

C) 12(x + 4) ≤ x + (x + 3) − 26 B) 2(cos 66°) + 2(cos 24°)
D) 12(x + 4) ≥ 26 − (x + (x + 3))
C) (cos 66°)2 + (cos 24°)2
D) (cos 66°)2 + (sin 24°)2

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 Module
1

................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
26 27
The cost of renting a carpet cleaner is $52 for the first f (x) = (x − 2)(x + 15)
day and $26 for each additional day. Which of the
The function f is defined by the given equation. For
following functions gives the cost C(d ), in dollars, of
what value of x does f (x ) reach its minimum?
renting the carpet cleaner for d days, where d is a
positive integer?

A) C(d ) = 26d + 26
B) C(d ) = 26d + 52
C) C(d ) = 52d − 26
D) C(d ) = 52d + 78

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

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No Test Material On This Page
 Module
2

Math
27 QUESTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills.

Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions.

,a-nH
Unless otherwise indicated:
• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given function fis the set of all real numbers x for which f(x)
is a real number.

li04ii1Ut31

G
£

CJw
~ b
b~
a
~ 0

x--../3
x
'~
45°
s
A =nr 2 A= Rw A =_!bh c2 = a2 + b2 Special Right Triangles
2
C=2nr

62h E} £

V= Rwh V= nr 2h
@
V = i,.r3
3
4
V=½nr 2h
£
1
V = 3 £wh

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

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 Module
2

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct

answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book.
Circle only one answer for each question. If you change your mind, completely
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one
answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write

your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit
for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than
one circled answer.
• If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.
• Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to
6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.
• If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3.!. ), write it as an improper
fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5). 2
• Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in
your circled answer.

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 Module
2

-1 - - - - - - - - ~

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-3 ----
A total of 165 people contributed to a charity event as y
either a donor or a volunteer. 130 people contributed 12
as a donor. How many people contributed as a \ 11 I
volunteer? \ 10 I
\ 9 I
A) 35 \ 8
I
\ 7 I
B) 130
\ I
'
6 I
C) 165
5
D) 330 \ 4 J
\3 I
., /
"(

f
X
-2 2

The graph of the quadratic function y = f (x) is

shown. What is the vertex of the graph?
-2 - - - - - - - - ~ A) (0, −2)
There are 250 trees in a park. Of these trees, 6% are
birch trees. How many birch trees are in the park? B) (0, −3)
A) 6 C) (0, 2)
B) 15 D) (0, 3)
C) 75
D) 244

-4 - - - - - - - - ~
The number of raccoons in a 131-square-mile area is
estimated to be 2,358. What is the estimated
population density, in raccoons per square mile, of
this area?
A) 18
B) 131
C) 149
D) 2,376

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 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
-5 ------~ -8 ------~
−11, −9, 26 If 8x = 6, what is the value of 72x ?
A data set of three numbers is shown. If a number A) 3
from this data set is selected at random, what is the B) 15
probability of selecting a positive number?
C) 54
A) 0 D) 57

1
B)
3
2
C)
3

D) 1 -9 - - - - - - ~
Which expression is equivalent to 23x 3 + 2x 2 + 9x ?

A) 23x(x 2 + 2x + 9)
B) 9x(23x 3 + 2x 2 + 1)
C) x(23x 2 + 2x + 9)
D) 34(x 3 + x 2 + x)
-6 - - - - - - ~
f (x ) = 45x + 600
The function f gives the monthly fee f (x ), in dollars,
a facility charges to keep x crates in storage. What is
the monthly fee, in dollars, the facility charges to
keep 50 crates in storage?
- 10 - - - - - - ~
Which expression is equivalent to
(9x 3 + 5x + 7) + (6x 3 + 5x 2 − 5) ?

A) 15x 6 + 5x 2 − 5x − 35
B) 15x 3 + 10x 2 + 2
-7 - - - - - - ~
C) 15x 6 + 5x 2 + 5x + 2
1 2 11
The function f is defined by f (x ) = 5 − x + . D) 15x 3 + 5x 2 + 5x + 2
 4  4
1
What is the value of f   ?
 4 

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 Module
2

-11 - - - - - - - - ~ -12 - - - - - - - - ~

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
At a state fair, attendees can win tokens that are In the given scatterplot, a line of best fit for the data
worth a different number of points depending on the is shown.
shape. One attendee won S square tokens and y
C circle tokens worth a total of 1,120 points. The
equation 80S + 90C = 1,120 represents this 14 /
~

situation. How many more points is a circle token -/

12
worth than a square token? /
- ,/
10 /
A) 950
/
B) 90 8
/
C) 80 6
/ =
- /_
D) 10 / -
4 /
2 , /

u 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
X

Which of the following is closest to the slope of the

line of best fit shown?

A) 0

1
B)
2

C) 1

D) 2

-
13 - - - - - - - - ~

A circle has a radius of 2.1 inches. The area of the

circle is bπ square inches, where b is a constant.
What is the value of b ?

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 Module
2

-14 - - -16 -y < x-

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
In triangle XYZ , angle Y is a right angle, point P lies
on XZ , and point Q lies on YZ such that PQ is x < 22
parallel to XY . If the measure of angle XZY is 63° , For which of the following tables are all the values of
what is the measure, in degrees, of angle XPQ ? x and their corresponding values of y solutions to the
given system of inequalities?

A) x y
19 18
20 19
21 20

-15 - - B) x
19
y
20
An investment account was opened with an initial
20 21
value of $890 . The value of the account doubled 21 22
every 10 years. Which equation represents the value
of the account M(t), in dollars, t years after the C) x y
account was opened? 23 22
t
24 23
10 25 24
1
A) M(t ) = 890 
 2  D) x y
t 23 24
2 24 25
1
B) M(t ) = 890  25 26
 10 

t
10
C) M(t ) = 890(2)

t
2
D) M(t ) = 890(10)

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 Module
2

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 17 - - - - - - ~ - 19 - - - - - - ~
h15q7 h(t) = −16t 2 + b
Which expression is equivalent to 5 21 ,
hq The function h estimates an object’s height, in feet,
above the ground t seconds after the object is
where h > 0 and q > 0 ? dropped, where b is a constant. The function
estimates that the object is 3,364 feet above the
h10 ground when it is dropped at t = 0. Approximately
A) how many seconds after being dropped does the
q14
function estimate the object will hit the ground?
h3 A) 7.25
B)
q3 B) 14.50
C) 105.13
C) h10q14 D) 210.25

D) h3q3

-
20 - - - - - - ~

2
2x − 8x − 7 = 0

- 18 - - - - - - ~ One solution to the given equation can be written as

3y = 4x + 17
8− k
−3y = 9x − 23 , where k is a constant. What is the value
4
The solution to the given system of equations is
of k ?
(x, y). What is the value of 39x ?
A) −18
B) −6
C) 6
D) 18

- 21 - - - - - - ~
A line intersects two parallel lines, forming
four acute angles and four obtuse angles. The
measure of one of the acute angles is (9x − 560) °.
The sum of the measures of one of the acute angles
and three of the obtuse angles is (−18x + w) ° . What
is the value of w ?

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 Module
2

-24 - - - - - - - -

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 22 - -

x f(x) In triangle XYZ , angle Z is a right angle and the

12
–4 0 length of YZ is 24 units. If tan X = , what is the
35
perimeter, in units, of triangle XYZ ?
– 19 1
5
A) 188
– 18 2
5 B) 168
C) 84
For the linear function f, the table shows three values
D) 71
of x and their corresponding values of f (x ). If
h(x) = f (x ) − 13, which equation defines h ?

A) h(x) = 5x − 4
B) h(x) = 5x + 7
C) h(x) = 5x + 9
D) h(x) = 5x + 20
-25 - - -
2
- 2- - - -
x + 14x + y = 6y + 109
In the xy-plane, the graph of the given equation is a
circle. What is the length of the circle’s radius?

A) 109
B) 149
-23 - - - - - - - -
C) 167
The linear function g is defined by g (x) = b − 15x ,
c D) 341
where b is a constant. If g (c + 7) = , where c is a
4
constant, which of the following expressions

represents the value of b ?

15c
A)
4
19c
B) +7
4
61c
C) + 105
4

D) 15c + 105

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 Module
2

26 27

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The speed of a vehicle is increasing at a rate of y = −2.5
7.3 meters per second squared. What is this rate, in y = x 2 + 8x + k
miles per minute squared, rounded to the nearest
In the given system of equations, k is a positive
tenth? (Use 1 mile = 1,609 meters.)
integer constant. The system has no real solutions.
A) 0.3 What is the least possible value of k ?
B) 16.3
C) 195.8
D) 220.4

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

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No Test Material On This Page
No Test Material On This Page
No Test Material On This Page
No Test Material On This Page
No Test Material On This Page
 The SAT.
GENERAL DIRECTIONS
• You may work on only one module at a time.
• If you finish a module before time is called, check your work on that module only.
You may NOT turn to any other module.

TIMING
Reading and Writing, Module 1: 39 minutes
Reading and Writing, Module 2: 39 minutes
10-minute break
Math, Module 1: 43 minutes
Math, Module 2: 43 minutes
The above are standard times. If you are approved for accommodations involving
additional time, you should give yourself that time when you practice.

MARKING YOUR ANSWERS

• Be sure to answer your questions properly in this book.
• Circle only one answer to each question. If you change your mind, completely
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one answer
circled, or for questions with no answers circled.

USING YOUR TEST BOOK

• You may use the test book for scratch work.
• You may not fold or remove pages or portions of a page from this book,
or take the book from the testing room.

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