CHAPTER TWO

Period Detail of Projects/Activities Duration Supervisor

(Years)
Name Signature

11/2021 – EMPLOYER: Nigerian Maritime

till date Administration and Safety Agency
(NIMASA)
POSITION: Structural Engineer/ CAD Designer
Activities carried out:
• Supervised construction progress on-site,
addressing any discrepancies or issues
promptly while maintaining safely
protocols.
• Monitored execution of contract works for
compliance with design plans and
specifications.
• Managed subcontractors effectively,
promoting collaboration and ensuring
adherence to project specifications.

08/2019 – EMPLOYER: RICHCONT (NYSC)

08/2020 POSITION: Structural Engineer/ CAD
Designer
Project: Construction of two story
building in Ekate
Activities carried out:
 Reinforced concrete designs of raft
foundations,
 Calculation reports and Technical
specifications,
 Providing structural stability and
integrity calculations for steel frame
structures,
 Design of warehouse & steel frame
structures using STAAD.Pro software
 Reinforced concrete designs and
Supervision of the detailed drawings.
 Steel Columns, Beams, holding down
bolts & Base plate calculations

1
06/2017 – EMPLOYER: INTERNSHIP
11/2017 POSITION: Structural Engineer/ CAD
Designer
Project: Highway Construction

2
 CHAPTER THREE

POST GRADUATE EXPERIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING PRACTICE

3.0 DETAILS OF ENGINEERING WORK EXPERIENCE

PROJECT: STABILIZATION OF EXPANSIVE SOIL SUBGRADE BY WASTE

PLASTIC
3.0.1 PROJECT PARTICULARS:
Client: RICHCONT
Position held: Geotechnical Engineer
3.0.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Introduction;
Expansive clay soils are types of soils that show a significant change in volume once
they come in contact with moisture. They expand when exposed to excess water and
shrink in hot weather conditions where there is scarce amount of water. They can
easily be identified in the field in dry seasons as they show deep cracks of polygonal
patterns. This behavior of swelling and shrinking of expansive clay soils in turn
affects the stability of structures that is built over these soils causing a serious
hazard. It majorly affects the bearing capacity and strength of foundations by uplift
as they swell and may cause from cracks to differential movements to structural
failures [1]. In order to build on expansive soils, they need to be stabilized to reduce
their swelling and improve their mechanical capacities.

Soil stabilization is the process by which the engineering properties of the soil are
improved and it is made more stable. It is used to decrease the soil’s unqualified
characteristics such as permeability and consolidation potential and increase the
shear capacity. The method is mainly adopted for highway and airfield construction
projects. Commonly, activities such as compaction and pre-consolidation are used to
improve types of soils which are already in good form. But soil stabilization goes
way up to encouraging usage of weak soil and reducing the uneconomical process of
weak soil replacement. Other than working on the soil mass interaction, chemically
altering the soil material itself is also the focus of this process. Sometimes, soil
stabilization is used for city and suburban streets to make them more noise-
absorbing.
3
Different methods have been developed previously to stabilize weak and unsuitable
soils. Some of these methods include mechanical (granular) stabilization, cement
stabilization, lime stabilization, bituminous stabilization, chemical stabilization,
thermal stabilization, electrical stabilization, as well as grouting stabilization by
geotextile and fabrics. Recently, researchers have introduced another way of soil
stabilization by using waste materials. Plastics are one of the leading waste materials
that are found to be suitable for this purpose. They reduce the cost of stabilization at
a large rate [4]. Using plastics for this purpose simultaneously solves the challenges
of improper plastic waste recycling that is currently a teething problem in most
developing countries.

Improper plastic waste disposal is becoming a pressing environmental issue in most

African countries. They are currently covering landfills and water bodies, clogging
sewerage systems, disrupting the ecological cycle and creating an aesthetically
unpleasing environment. This in turn causes serious damage to animal, plant and
human lives. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles are conventional plastic
bottles that currently are highly utilized. They are used to package water, soft drinks,
liquid foods, and various other beverages. With their increasing demand, their
disposal is becoming difficult. The degradation of waste PET bottles takes a very
long time In nature (more than a hundred years) [5]. Recycling and using these
plastic bottles to stabilize expansive clay soil are moves in the right direction
making the construction industry an appropriate candidate with its high consumption
ability. This will be a decent alternative for clearing and protecting the environment
from waste plastic bottles.

This paper presents appropriate and easy to implement ways of recycling plastic
water bottles as reinforcing material for the stabilization of expansive soil to
improve and achieve the required properties for construction works. The
experimental tests that were performed with the achieved results are presented.
4
 1.1.1. Materials and Methods
Materials
There were two materials used for this study: a representative clay type soil taken
from Bole area in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and rectangular PET bottle strips. The
strips were prepared from waste plastic bottles that were collected from the nearby
surroundings. The bottles were cleaned properly after collection and cut into three
different sized strips, manually using scissoRS.

Material Characterization

The characterization of the soil sample taken for this study included particle size
distribution, Atterberg limit and specific gravity of soil tests. The sample soil taken
was sieved in order to take out any other impurities and unnecessary particles. It
was then prepared for testing according. Once sample preparation was done, sieve
analysis and hydrometer analysis were conducted to study the particle size
distribution of the soil. Plastic limit, liquid limit and plasticity index of the soil
were determined by performing the Atterberg limit test. The test was carried out
using Casagrande’s apparatus. Specific gravity of the soil on the other hand was
determined from the specific gravity test in the geotechnical laboratory. A specific
gravity beaker and vacuum pump were used to carry out the test. The specific
gravity was taken as the ratio of the density of soil to the density of water at the
same temperature.

The PET fibers on the other hand were characterized as per size (length, width and
thickness), surface texture, shape and color.
1.1.2. Material Mixing Method and Proportions
The plastic strips, which are expected to act as soil reinforcements, were added to
the soil in three different percentages (0.5%, 1% and 2%) by mass of the soil. Table
2 shows the treatment levels used for each strip while carrying out this study.
Percentage by mass represents the ratio of mass of plastic to mass of soil sample
5
taken as a percentage.

1.1.3. Methods of Testing Soil Properties

Once the characterization of both materials was complete, the plastic bottle strips
were added to the soil sample in the treatment levels described above. Free swell
test, standard proctor compaction test, direct shear test, Unconfined Compressive
Strength (UCS) test and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test were carried out in
order to study the effects of the addition of the plastic bottle strips on clay soil.
Swelling of the soil sample was studied by conducting the free swell test. In this
test, a 10 g of oven-dried soil sample passing through a number 40 sieve (425 µm)
was put into a graduated free-swell jar with capacity of 100 ml, and filled with
water. The sample was left until it reached its maximum swelling level. Then the
recorded value was computed with respect to the original 10 ml volume and
expressed in percentage. Figure 2 shows free swell jars set for settling.

The maximum dry density and optimum moisture content were determined by
conducting standard proctor compaction test. In this test, the soil was compacted
using a test mold and a rammer at different water contents until the wet density
started decreasing. Moisture content of the soil at different water additions was
obtained, and the dry density for each compaction level was graphed with its
respective water content. The peak of the curve provided the maximum dry density
that the soil can be compacted to, with the optimum moisture content that can yield
the maximum compaction. Equation (1) shows how dry density can be calculated,
where γd Is dry density, γw Is wet density and ω is water content.
Γd=γw/1+ω

The response of a consolidated and drained soil sample for direct shear, and results
in the shear strength of the soil were determined by conducting a direct shear test.
6
The test was performed by deforming a specimen at a controlled strain rate on a
single shear plane, which is determined by the configuration of the apparatus.
Generally, three specimens were tested, each under a different normal load, to
demonstrate the effect of surcharge and structural load upon shear resistance and
displacement. The shear results at the three normal loads are plotted on one graph
and linearly fitted to result the average shear strength © of the soil, whereas the
angle of internal friction (φ) is calculated from the slope of the line that is used to
fit the shear strength values. Figure 4 illustrates the procedures of a direct shear
test.

Cohesive soils can be evaluated based on their shear resistance when subjected to
compressive load with no confinement. The unconfined compressive strength
(UCS) test was used to determine shear capacity of the sample soil under
compression. The sample was extruded and cut into the standard cylindrical shape.
The UCS machine was used to compress the sample and both the applied load and
change in length of the sample were recorded. The values were tabulated and
computed to get one representative value. Figure 5 shows the UCS test machine
and sample.

CBR test was conducted to measure the penetration strength of a compacted soil
relative to crushed rock, which is considered to be an excellent base-course
material. The results of a CBR test help to understand the shear strength and
bearing capacity of a soil sample. The test follows a compaction procedure
combined with a penetration that is applied by a machine that applies a plunger
load. This test was used to simulate the effect of surcharge and excessive moisture
on the compacted soil by putting a standard load that represents surcharge and
soaking the mold for four days

1.1.4. Results and Discussions

Characterization of Soil
7
The characterization of the soil sample was done according to particle size
distribution, Atterberg limit tests and specific gravity of soil test.

The results showed that the soil was a fine-grained clay soil with a specific gravity
of 2.78 as well as a liquid limit of 94.2%, a plastic limit of 28.3% and a plasticity
index, which is the difference between the liquid and plastic limit, of 65.9%.

1.1.5. Testing Reinforced Soil Properties

 Standard Proctor Compaction Test Results
One of the ways the effect of adding plastic into the soil was checked was in terms
of the soil’s improvement during compaction. This improvement was expressed in
the change in the maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content
(OMC).

All strip sizes showed reduction in optimum moisture content as the percentage of
plastic increased. A largest reduction is obtained at a strip size of 5 × 7.5 (mm) at a
2% addition which yielded a 31% decrease in the moisture content. The reason for
the decrement of the OMC might be because of zero absorption Capacity of the
plastic strips for water. Therefore, soil can be compacted to its maximum dry
density at lower addition of water, which is a very good improvement. Figure 6
shows the comparisons between OMC of the soil at the different sizes and
percentages of plastic addition.

A decrease in maximum dry density of the soil is also noted but it is marginal. The
largest reduction occurred at a strip size of 10 mm × 15 mm at 2% content which is
7% only. Only the 2% content of 5 × 7.5 (mm) strip maintained the maximum dry
density of the original soil, which is 12.8 kN/m3. The addition of less dense
material, which is the plastic, in the soil might have decreased the density of the
soil. However, the reduction in maximum dry density is counterbalanced by the
decrease in optimum moisture content. The decreased density of soil has an
8
engineering application in light weight embankment construction
 Free Swell Test Results

The main problem of expansive soil is its volume change in different moisture
conditions. When the moisture content increases, the soil swells and its volume
increases in a wide range from the original. This property happens at a particle
level, when water particles break the bonds that connect the sandwich like chemical
structure and penetrate between layers. This problem is particularly solved by
altering the chemical characteristics of the soil using the application of different
chemicals.

As for this project, the plastic strip was proposed to act as a physical agent and was
expected to decrease the swelling potential of the soil. From visual inspection
during experiments and the results from free-swell tests for the soil containing
different percentage of plastic strips, there is no chemical bonding between the soil
and the strip. Therefore, the reduction in swelling is a sole effect of the physical
interaction between the soil and the strip.

The free swell of unreinforced soil is observed to be 160% which according to

ASTM is classified as very highly expansive soils. A substantial reduction in the
free swell of the soil is observed due to the addition of plastic strip. A 30%
reduction in swell occurs at strip size of 5 × 7.5 (mm) and strip content of 2%.

The free-swell test uses 10 g of sample in a standard graduated free-swell jar. On

the addition of the plastic in the soil, the mass of the soil has to decrease so that the
total mass of the plastic and the soil will become 10 g. The reason for the decrease
in the swelling potential was not because of chemical interaction. But it was due to
the amount of soil mass decreased, which is equal to the mass of the plastic added.
Since decreased mass of the soil was replaced by non-swelling material, the
swelling showed some improvement. The soil-plastic interaction might also have
9
an effect in reducing the free swell.
 Direct Shear Test Results
It was possible to conclude from the test results that the arrangement of the plastic
strips in the soil affects the shear capacity of the reinforced soil. If the surface of
the strip is parallel to the shear plane, the shearing will be enhanced and the
capacity will fail. But any other arrangement will improve the shear capacity of the
soil. On the other hand, it was difficult to arrange the larger sizes of strips in on the
direct shear machine, as their surface area was close to that of the shear box.

The shear capacity from the tests is presented in terms of the shear strength
parameters, cohesion © and angle of internal friction (φ). Both improvement and
drop of shear capacity were recorded for C and φ. The angle of internal friction and
cohesion intercept of the unreinforced soil was found to be 5.710 and 49.83 kPa
respectively. The small value of friction angle is attributed to the cohesiveness of
the soil. The largest values of C and φ for the reinforced soil was obtained as 8.980
and 62.67 Kpa which was a 57% and 26% improvement respectively. These results
were obtained for the 15 * 20 strip size at 0.5%. Table 6 gives the C and φ results
obtained for each treatment level and strip sizes.

Increasing the plastic content for the same plastic strip size has increased both the
friction angle and cohesion for 5 × 7.5 (mm) and 10 × 15 (mm) strips but decreased
for 15 × 20 (mm). However, increasing the plastic size for the same content
increases the friction angle and cohesion.

 Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Test Results

The results found from the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, were
different from the direct shear results. The UCS of unreinforced soil was found to
be 151.8 kPa. The largest improvement in the UCS is 316.4 kPa that is a net
increase of 108% which is a tremendous growth. The rise in UCS is obtained at
small strip contents and sizes. Increase in size generally reduces the UCS value.
10
When the applied compressive stress forced the soil mass to slide over the surface
of plastic strips and the lack of confinement might have contributed for the
reduction of the UCS value. The UCS mold is also small and it might have caused
large un-compacted shear planes. Table 7 summarizes the UCS values for the
different plastic strip size and percentage reinforced soil samples.

Cracking and Shrinking

The decrease in moisture content of expansive soil results in wide and deep
cracking. This phenomenon results decrease in volume, and consequently the soil is
excessively compressed. Many structures lost their stability and failed due to less
awareness and treatment of this character of expansive soil.

The addition of plastic strips can help reduce the cracking and shrinking characters
of the soil by bridging between the cracks. This was witnessed when the compacted
soil was extruded from the mold and left to air dry until it fully cracked. The cracks
outlined on the surface of the molded soil and its ability to maintain its original
spherical shape were compared by visual inspection. The strip size of 5 × 7.5 (mm)
resulted a very considerable reduction of cracking, while larger sizes especially at
higher percentages decreased the ability of the soil to maintain its spherical shape
of mold. It was obvious that the larger surface area of the plastic, the easier for the
soil to crack. Figure below shows the cracking mode of the soil for strip sizes 15 *
20, 10 * 15, and 5 * 7.5 from left to right. It can clearly be seen from the figure that
the sample containing 15 * 20 plastic strip sizes showed excessive cracking

11
  California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test Results
The bearing capacity of the soil was measured indirectly by conducting the CBR
test. The Soaked CBR is only tested in this study because it is only test that
simulate actual site condition. Also, the study was focused in investigating the
effect of water on expansive soils CBR value. The load penetration curve has
shown that there is an improvement in the CBR value. The soaked CBR of
unreinforced soil was found to be 1.58 which is small. The principal enhancement
is attained at a strip size and content of 15 × 20 (mm) and 1% respectively and is of
value 3.23. This is a total of 104% increment.
Increase in plastic size for the same percentage has resulted in an increase in soaked
CBR value but increase in plastic content for the same plastic size increases the
soaked CBR then decreases. The improvement in CBR can attributed to the ability
of the strips in resisting swelling prior to penetration and load exerted by the
plunger during penetration.

1.1.6. Conclusions

This paper assessed the method of stabilizing clay soils using plastic bottle strips.
The following conclusions are drawn based on the analysis and interpretation of the
results obtained.

A significant and marginal reduction was recorded in the optimum moisture content
and in the maximum dry density results respectively. The angle of internal friction
and the cohesion intercept increased significantly as the reinforcement percentages
and sizes increased. A huge improvement in UCS has been noted for smaller strip
size and content. Any further increase in size and content has brought reduction in
12
UCS because increase in size causes in un-compacted weak shear planes. The
swelling of the soil was reduced significantly at high percentages of strip content
because of replacement in an equal mass of expansive soil by non-expansive
plastic. Physical anchorage has also some effect in reducing the free swell. The
swelling reduction is in some way similar for different sizes at the same percentage
which shows that the dominant factor that contributes to reduction in swelling is
percent by weight of plastic content. Increase in plastic size for the same percentage
has resulted in an increase in soaked CBR value but increase in plastic content for
the same plastic size increases the soaked CBR then decreases. The optimum
plastic size and plastic content that results in optimum result can be selected based
on the Importance of the selection parameter for a specified engineering work.

In nutshell, stabilizing expansive clay soil with waste plastic bottle strips is a
reliable alternative as it improves the volume fluctuation problems of the soil. The
strips were acting as reinforcements playing a role of arresting volume changes
with change in water content. Incorporating waste plastic bottles in the construction
industry also is a crucial way to solve the issue of insufficient plastic waste
disposal.

The laboratory results presented in the study favorably suggest the possibility of
utilizing plastic material as tensile inclusions in expansive soil to increase the
resistance to shear, CBR value and reduction in swelling. However, a better
understanding of the interaction mechanism in soils reinforced with the plastic
material would be essential to properly document the engineering behavior of the
soil-plastic composite.

13
3.1 PROJECT: CONSTRUCTION OF TWO FLOORS OFFICE EXTENSION

4.1.1 PROJECT PARTICULARS:

Client: M & N INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITED

Position held: Civil Engineer
Period: 4 Months
Completion: 100%

4.1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION:

The site is situated at NO. 56, OLADIPO DIYA STREET WASA DISTRICT,
FCT ABUJA, Nigeria. The project is the construction of an office Extension to an
office complex owned by a Non-Government Organization. This project spanned
for a period of 4months. The site was characterized with very poor soil as it was
formally a dump site. The soil bearing capacity is 75kn/m2. Courtesy of this, raft
foundation was constructed. Depth of beam 900mm and 200mm thick slab. The
built of area is about 45m2.

4.1.3 SCOPE OF THE WORK:

The scope of this work is construction of the building substructure to finishing.
4.1.4 MY INVOLVEMENT IN THIS PROJECT:
1. Preparation of the structural design and detailing of this project
 Building material procurement and supervision of site activities.
 Supervision of molding of Sand Crete blocks
 Interpretation of drawings to workers; Structural and Architectural plans.
 Determination of levels on site with level instrument.
 Setting out of partition wall blocks.
 Confirmation of smooth rendering of wall.
 Confirmation of alignment of carpenter’s form work.
 Supervision of roof trusses and roofing sheet installation
 Supervision of windows and doors dressing

2. Participated in the evaluation of material quantities.

 Preparation of Bill of quantity for materials to be used during construction,
Calculation of number of sandcrete blocks, reinforcement and wood for
formwork to be supplied to site at different milestones of the project.
14
 3. Site accounts officer/Paying of workers’ wages.
 Counting numbers laid blocks to determine the mason’s wage
 Calculation of square area of carpenter’s form work to determine
carpenter’s wage
 Recording of site wages for both daily paid laborers and sub-contractors
 Paying site wages to site workers.
4.1.5 CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED AND SOLUTION:
 Some stake holders with key information kept disengaging themselves at
some point from the project and it posed some problems.
 Theft case was recorded on site from site workers this led to distrust
among team members especially the casual workers.
 Non provision of PPE. The site workers had to provide their own PPE.
 Conflict always arose between site workers. To halt this, we dismissed
anyone who attempted to physically assault another.

4.1.6 EXPERIENCE GAINED

 I learnt the various stages of the design process, gained a knowledge of
the overall project life cycle and appreciated the practice of value
engineering, I utilized the BS8110 in the structural design of the building
 I learnt the basic block molding technology
 I polished my experience on finishing especially plastering and dressing
 I learnt that integrity is a priceless virtue in and out of site
 I was exposed to more complex structures like raft foundation, retaining
wall e.t.c

3.2 PROJECT: CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL HOUSING ESTATE, WASA

DISTRICT - ABUJA
3.2.1 PROJECT PARTICULARS:

Client: RICHCONT
Position held: Civil Engineer
Completion: 100%
5.1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION:

The site is situated at Off Pengassan Estate, Abdulsalam Abubakar Road, Wasa
District- Abuja, Nigeria. The project is the construction of Residential Housing
Estate. The site conditions were favorable, Hence strip foundation with pad
footing was constructed.
5.1.3 SCOPE OF THE WORK:
The scope of this work involved demolition of existing structure and construction
of the building from substructure to finishing.
15
 5.1.4 MY INVOLVEMENT IN THIS PROJECT:
1. Preparation of the structural design and drafting of structural detailing of this
project using Orion 18 sp4 and Auto Cad
 Building material procurement and supervision of site activities.
 Setting out of Interpretation of drawings to workers; Structural and
Architectural plans.
 Determination of levels on site with level instrument.
 Setting out of partition wall blocks.
 Confirmation of smooth rendering of wall.
 Confirmation of alignment of carpenter’s form work.
 Supervision of windows and doors dressing

2. Participated in the evaluation of material quantities.

 Preparation of Bill of quantity for materials to be used during
construction, Calculation of number of sandcrete blocks, reinforcement
and wood for formwork to be supplied to site at different milestones of
the project.

3. Site accounts officer/Paying of workers’ wages.

 Counting numbers lai d blocks to determine the mason’s wage
 Calculation of square area of carpenter’s form work to determine
carpenter’s wage
 Recording of site wages for both daily paid laborers and sub-contractors
 Paying site wages to site workers

5.1.5 CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED AND SOLUTION:

 Hasty decision by the management especially on designs and this lead to
too many modifications of designs.
 Theft case was recorded on site from site workers this led to distrust
among team members especially the casual workers.
 Non purchase of licensed software which makes designers use cracked
versions of software that crash easily.
 Conflict always arose between site workers. To halt this, we dismissed
anyone who attempted to physically assault another.
 Language barrier posses a challenge on site as some of the casual workers
don’t understand English language but only Hausa.
5.1.6 EXPERIENCE GAINED
 I learnt the various stages of the design process, gained a knowledge of
the overall project life cycle and appreciated the practice of value
engineering, I utilized the BS8110 in the structural design of the building
 I learnt the basic block molding technology
 I polished my experience on finishing especially plastering and dressing
 I learnt that integrity is a priceless virtue in and out of site

16
 I was exposed to more complex structures like raft foundation, retaining
wall e.t.c
 I polished my structural drafting skills this period

17
18
PROJECT: AsphalticPavement of 1.0km Access Road To Nimasa Jetty At Kana-
Khana Lga, Rivers State

 Position: Senior Technical officer

 Client: NIMASA

5.1.0 Project Description

This road project was aimed at providing a motor able access road for the

users within the locality so as to enhance movement and transfer of goods and

services.

The length of the road is 1km and the road width is 7. 3m and the road

project was carried out of the excess crude oil account.

5.1.1 Responsibilities

I was involved in the thorough supervision of the activities involved in the

project and keeping the report of the project activities from the beginning to
the completion of the project so as to ensure strict compliance to
specifications.
5.1.2 Activities Involved

(i) Scarifying of the existing road by grader machine. .

(ii) Removing bituminous surfacing top spoil.

(iii) Pavement and surfacing.

5.1.3 Flexible Pavement Design

One of the main purposes of pavement design is to produce soil structure
19
 system whichwill carry traffic smoothly and safely with minimum cost. The
increase in axie load and phenomenal growth of traffic warrants as much
important in design, construction and maintenance of roads.
Methods of flexible pavement Design

Design

criteria

Design

Procedure

Pavement composition

5.1.4 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED AND SOLUTION PROFFERED:

Initially, no one among our team realized that the newly constructed cross
culvert (box) which was introduced to carry erosion from one side to the road
and connect with the already provide rubble stone wall channelization that
dissipate the water into the bush needs a man hole for clearing exercise, until
when the engineer representative came and called our attention to it, we broke
the culvert to enhance cleaning and desilting exercise when the need calls for
such.

20
 CHAPTER FOUR

5.0 CONCLUSION

This report has shown my involvement in many area of Civil Engineering Works, ranging

from composition, In the areas mentioned above, I involved in the following:

 Formulating and Supervision of Civil Engineering works.

 Construction of Asphaltic Pavement Roads.

 Construction and design of water processing and distribution network

 Better the life of the Nigeria populace and the world as a whole.

In summary, being in these professions has been challenging and fulfilling. Therefore, no

doubt or regret in chosen this profession. I hope to o more and submit myself tutelage under

senior colleagues.

21
 .1 Endorsement

I, the undersigned, have gone through the report that has been prepared and we endorse the
experience attained and reported by the writer. Based on our personal knowledge of the
character and professional reputation of the applicant, I recommend for acceptance of this
Work Experience report by the COREN in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for
registration as Registered Engineer/Technologist.

Name Stamp and Signature

22