CAPS-21

PHYSICS CALORIMETRY + THERMAL

TARGET : JEE- Advanced 2023 EXPANSION + HEAT TRANSFER
SCQ (Single Correct Type) :
1. A water cooler of storage capacity 120 litres can cool water at a constant rate of P watts. In a
closed circulation system (as shown schematically in the figure), the water from the cooler is
used to cool an external device that generates constantly 3 kW of heat (thermal load). The
temperature of water fed into the device cannot exceed 30°C and the entire stored 120 litres
of water is initially cooled to 10°C. The entire system is thermally insulated. The minimum
value of P (in watts) for which the device can be operated for 3 hours is :
Cooler Device

Hot

Cold

(Specific heat of water is 4.2 kJ kg–1 K–1 and the density of water is 1000 kg m–3)
(A) 1600 (B) 2067 (C) 2533 (D) 3933
2. If specific heat capacity of a substance in solid and liquid state is proportional to temperature
of the substance, then if heat is supplied to the solid initially at – 20°C (having melting point
0°C) at constant rate. Then the temperature dependence of solid with time will be best
represented by :

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

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3. Two rectangular blocks, having indentical dimensions, can be arranged either in configuration
 or in configuration  as shown in the figure, On of the blocks has thermal conductivity k and
the other 2k. The temperature difference between the ends along the x-axis is the same in
both the configurations. It takes 9s to transport a certain amount of heat from the hot end to
the cold end in the configuration . The time to transport the same amount of heat in the
configuration  is :

(A) 2.0 s (B) 3.0 s (C) 4.5 s (D) 6.0 s

4. A resistor has initial resistance 'R0' at 0ºC. Now, it is connected to an ideal battery of constant
emf = 'v'. If the temperature co–efficient of resistance is , then after how much time, will its
temperature be 'TºC' (mass of the wire = m, specific heat capacity of the wire = S). Assume
the resistance varies linearly with temperature neglect heat loss to the surrounding.
msR0 T m0 SR0 mSR0 T 2 mSR0
(A) (B) (T/2) (C) (T + ) (D) T(1 + T)
v2 v2 v 2
2 v2
MCQ (One or more than one correct) :
5. A composite block is made of slabs A, B, C, D and E of different thermal conductivities (given
in terms of a constant K) and sizes (given in terms of length, L) as shown in the figure. All
slabs are of same width. Heat ‘Q’ flows only from left to right through the blocks. Then in
steady state

(A) heat flow through A and E slabs are same

(B) heat flow through slab E is maximum
(C) temperature difference across slab E is smallest
(D) heat flow through C = heat flow through B + heat flow through D.

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6. The solar constant is the amount of heat energy received per second per unit area of a
perfectly black surface placed at a mean distance of the Earth from the Sun, in the absence of
Earth's atmosphere, the surface being held perpendicular to the direction of Sun's rays. Its
value is 1388 W/m2 .
If the solar constant for the earth is ‘s’. The surface temperature of the sun is TK, D is the
diameter of the Sun, R is the mean distance of the Earth from the Sun . The sun subtends a
small angle ‘’ at the earth. Then correct options is/are :–
2 2 2
D T 4  D  T 4 T 4  R 
(A) s = T4   (B) s =   (C) s = 2 (D) s =  
R 4 R 4 4 D
Comprehension Type Question:
Comprehension # 1
A 0.60 kg sample of water and a sample of ice are placed in two compartments A and B that
are separated by a conducting wall, in a thermally insulated container. The rate of heat
transfer from the water to the ice though the conducting wall is constant P, until thermal
equilibrium is reached. The temperature T of the liquid water and the ice are given in graph as
functions of time t. Temperature of the compartments remain homogeneous during whole heat
transfer process.
Given specific heat of ice = 2100 J/kg-K
Given specific heat of water = 4200 J/kg-K
Latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.3 × 105 J/kg
40

water
20
T(°C)

0 t (min)

Ice
-20

20 40 60 80

7. The value of rate P is

(A) 42.0 W (B) 36.0 W (C) 21.0 W (D) 18.0 W
8. The initial mass of the ice in the container is equal to
(A) 0.36 kg (B) 1.2 kg (C) 2.4 kg (D) 3.6 kg
9. The mass of the ice formed due to conversion from the water till thermal equilibrium is
reached, is equal to
(A) 0.12 kg (B) 0.15 kg (C) 0.25 kg (D) 0.40 kg

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Comprehension # 2
A body cools in a surrounding of constant temperature 30 ºC. Its heat capacity is 2J/ºC. Initial
temperature of the body is 40ºC. Assume Newton’s law of cooling is valid. The body cools to
38ºC in 10 minutes.
10. In further 10 minutes it will cool from 38ºC to :
(A) 36ºC (B) 36.4ºC (C) 37ºC (D) 37.5ºC
11. The temperature of the body in ºC denoted by  the variation of versus time t is best denoted
as
0
40 C 0
40 C

 0  0
30 C 30 C

(A) (B)

t t
0
0
40 C 40 C

 
0
30 C
(C) (D)

t (0,0) t

12. When the body temperature has reached 38 ºC, it is heated again so that it reaches to 40ºC in
10 minutes.The total heat required from a heater by the body is:
(A) 3.6J (B) 7J (C) 8 J (D) 4 J
Numerical based Questions :
13. In an insulated vessel, 0.05 kg steam at 373 K and 0.45 kg of ice at 253 K are mixed. Find the
final temperature of the mixture (in Kelvin).
Given, Lfusion = 80 cal/gm = 336 J/gm, Lvaporization = 540 cal/gm = 2268 J/gm,
Sice = 2100 J/kg K = 0.5 cal/gm K and Swater = 4200 J/kg K = 1 cal/gmK
14. Level of a certain liquid at 0°C and 100° C are 0 and 10 mm on a given fixed scale (as shown
 T 
in fig.) coefficient of volume expansion this liquid varies with temperature as  = 0  1 
 100 


(where T in °C). Find the level (in mm) of liquid at 48°C

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15. Four thin identical rods AB, AC, BD and EF made of the same material are joined as shown.
The free-ends C, D and F are maintained at temperatures T1, T2 and T3 respectively.
Assuming that there is no loss of heat to the surroundings, the temperature at joint E when the
1
steady state is attained is (2T1 + 2T2 + 3T3). Find K (E is mid point of AB)
K

Subjective Type Questions :

16. Two Aluminium rods and a steel rod of equal cross-sectional area and equal length 0 are

joined rigidly side by side as shown in figure. Initially the rods are at 0ºC. Find the length of the
rod at the temperature  if young's modulus of elasticity of the aluminium and steel are Ya and
Ys respectively and coefficient of linear expansion of aluminium and steel are a and s
respectively.

17. Two rods of different metals having same area of cross section A are placed end to end
between two massive platforms, as shown in the figure. The first rod has a length L1,
coefficient of linear expansion 1 and Young's modulus Y1. The corresponding quantities for
the second rod are L2, 2, and Y2. The temperature of both the rods is now increased by Tº C.
Find the force with which the rods act on each other ( at the higher temperature) in terms of
given quantities. Also find the lengths of the rods at the higher temperature. Assume that there
is no change in the cross sectional area of the rods and that the rods do not bend. There is no
deformation of the walls.

18. A clock with an iron pendulum keeps correct time at 20º C. How much will it lose or gain in a
day if the temperature changes to 40º C? (Coefficient of cubical expansion of
iron = 0.000036/º C)

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19. Seven rods A, B, C, D, E, F and G are joined as shown in figure. All the rods have equal
cross-sectional area A and length l. The thermal conductivities of the rods are KA = 2KC = 3KB
= 6KD = K0. The rod E is kept at a constant temperature 1 and the rod G is kept at a constant
temperature 2(2 > 1). (a) Show that the rod F has a uniform temperature  = (31 + 2)/4. (b)
Find the rate of heat flow from the source which maintains the temperature 2.

20. Find the rate of heat flow through a cross-section of the rod shown in figure (T H > TC). Thermal
conductivity of the material of the rod is K.

21. Two chunks of metal with heat capacities C1 and C2, are interconnected by a rod of length 

and cross-sectional area S and fairly low heat conductivity K. The whole system is thermally
insulated from the environment. At a moment t = 0 the temperature difference between the
two chunks of metal equals (T)0. Assuming the heat capacity of the rod to be negligible, find
the temperature difference between the chunks as a function of time.
22. A liquid at 30° C is poured very slowly into a Calorimeter that is at temperature of 110°C. The
boiling temperature of the liquid is 80°C. It is found that the first 5 gm of the liquid completely
evaporates. After pouring another 80 gm of the liquid the equilibrium temperature is found to
be 50°C. The ratio of the Latent heat of the liquid to its specific heat will be _____ ºC. [Neglect
the heat exchange with surrounding]
23. A cylindrical isotropic solid of coefficient of linear expansion  and density  floats in a liquid of
coefficient of volume expansion  and density d as shown in the diagram

Column I Column II
(A) volume of cylinder inside the liquid remains constant (p)  = 0
(B) volume of cylinder outside the liquid remains constant (q)  = 2
d
(C) Height of cylinder outside the liquid remains constant (r)  = 3


d
(D) Height of cylinder inside the liquid remain constant (s)  = ( 2 +  )


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 ANSWER KEY (CAPS-21)

1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (ACD)

6. (BC) 7. (A) 8. (C) 9. (B) 10. (B)
11. (A) 12. (C) 13. 273 K. 14. 4 15. 7
 2Y   Ys  s 
16. 0 1  a a 
 2Ya  Ys 

AT(L11  L 2  2 )Y1Y2 L L T(Y   Y  )

17. F= , Length of the first rod = L1  1 2 1 1 2 2 ,
L1Y2  L 2 Y1 L1Y2  L 2 Y1

L1L2 T(Y2  2  Y11 )

Length of the second rod = L2  ]
L1Y2  L 2 Y1

3K 0 A( 2  1 ) K  R1 R2 (TH  TC )
18. 10.368 s 19. 20.
8l L
21. T = (T)0 e–t, where  = (1/C1 + 1/C2) SK/  22. 270.00, 120.00

23. (A) – (p) ; (B) – (r) ; (C) – (s) ; (D) – (q)

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