Scribd
Upload
16 views6 pages

Text To PDF - 22022025 - 173828

Chapter 9 discusses the mechanical properties of fluids, including pressure, streamline flow, Bernoulli's principle, viscosity, and surface tension. Key concepts include Pascal's Law, the equation of continuity, and the effects of viscosity and surface tension on fluid behavior. The chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding these properties in various applications, such as hydraulic machines and fluid dynamics.

Uploaded by

zoya.khan080929
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views6 pages

Text To PDF - 22022025 - 173828

Chapter 9 discusses the mechanical properties of fluids, including pressure, streamline flow, Bernoulli's principle, viscosity, and surface tension. Key concepts include Pascal's Law, the equation of continuity, and the effects of viscosity and surface tension on fluid behavior. The chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding these properties in various applications, such as hydraulic machines and fluid dynamics.

Uploaded by

zoya.khan080929
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Chapter 9: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

9.1 Introduction

* This chapter explores the physical properties of liquids and gases,


collectively known as fluids* This chapter explores the physical properties
of liquids and gases, collectively known as fluids.
* Fluids are distinguished from solids by their ability to flow.
* Understanding fluid behavior is crucial due to their prevalence in our
environment and biological systems.

.
* Fluids are distinguished from solids by their ability to flow.
* Understanding fluid behavior is crucial due to their prevalence in our
environment and biological systems.

9.2 Pressure

* Pressure is defined as the normal force acting per unit area.


* Pascal's Law states that pressure in a fluid at### 9.2 Pressure

* Pressure is defined as the normal force acting per unit area.


* Pascal's Law states that pressure in a fluid at rest is the same at all
points at the same height.
* Pressure increases with depth in a fluid, as given by the equation: P =
Pa + ρgh, where Pa is atmospheric pressure, ρ is fluid density, g is
acceleration due to rest is the same at all points at the same height.
* Pressure increases with depth in a fluid, as given by the equation: P =
Pa + ρgh, where Pa is atmospheric pressure, ρ is fluid density, g is
acceleration due to gravity, and h is depth.
* Hydraulic machines utilize Pascal's Law to transmit pressure, enabling
tasks like lifting heavy objects.

### 9.3 Streamline Flow

* Streamline flow occurs when fluid particles move along smooth gravity,
and h is depth.
* Hydraulic machines utilize Pascal's Law to transmit pressure, enabling
tasks like lifting heavy objects.

### 9.3 Streamline Flow

* Streamline flow occurs when fluid particles move along smooth paths
without crossing each other.
* The equation of continuity, Av = constant, expresses the conservation of
mass in incompressible fluid flow, where A is the cross-sectional area and
v is the velocity.
* At constrictions in a pipe, the fluid velocity increases due to the
conservation of mass.

### 9 paths without crossing each other.


* The equation of continuity, Av = constant, expresses the conservation of
mass in incompressible fluid flow, where A is the cross-sectional area and
v is the velocity.
* At constrictions in a pipe, the fluid velocity increases due to the
conservation of mass.

### 9.4 Bernoulli's Principle

* Bernoulli's principle states that the sum of pressure, kinetic energy per
unit volume, and potential energy per unit volume remains constant along
a streamline.
* This principle is derived from the conservation of energy applied to ideal
fluid flow.
* Applications include the speed of efflux (.4 Bernoulli's Principle

* Bernoulli's principle states that the sum of pressure, kinetic energy per
unit volume, and potential energy per unit volume remains constant along
a streamline.
* This principle is derived from the conservation of energy applied to ideal
fluid flow.
* Applications include the speed of efflux (Torricelli's Law) and dynamic lift
on objects like airplane wings.

### 9.5 Viscosity

* Viscosity is the resistance to fluid motion, analogous to friction in solids.


* It arises from the relative motion between layers of the fluid.
* The coefficient of viscosity, η, is defined as the ratioTorricelli's Law) and
dynamic lift on objects like airplane wings.

### 9.5 Viscosity

* Viscosity is the resistance to fluid motion, analogous to friction in solids.


* It arises from the relative motion between layers of the fluid.
* The coefficient of viscosity, η, is defined as the ratio of shearing stress
to the strain rate.
* Viscosity decreases with temperature in liquids and increases with
temperature in gases.
* Stokes' Law describes the viscous drag force on a sphere moving
through a fluid.

### 9.6 Surface Tension

* Surface tension arises from the excess potential energy of molecules at


the surface of a liquid of shearing stress to the strain rate.
* Viscosity decreases with temperature in liquids and increases with
temperature in gases.
* Stokes' Law describes the viscous drag force on a sphere moving
through a fluid.

### 9.6 Surface Tension

* Surface tension arises from the excess potential energy of molecules at


the surface of a liquid compared to those in the interior.
* It is a force per unit length acting in the plane of the interface between
the liquid and another medium.
* Surface tension causes liquid drops and bubbles to be spherical in the
absence of gravity.
* The pressure inside a spherical drop is higher than the pressure
outside.
* compared to those in the interior.
* It is a force per unit length acting in the plane of the interface between
the liquid and another medium.
* Surface tension causes liquid drops and bubbles to be spherical in the
absence of gravity.
* The pressure inside a spherical drop is higher than the pressure
outside.
* Capillary rise occurs when a liquid rises in a narrow tube due to surface
tension.

### Glossary

* **Fluid:** A substance that can flow, including liquids and gases.


* **Pressure:** The normal force acting per unit area.
* **Pascal's Law:** Pressure in a fluid at rest is the Capillary rise occurs
when a liquid rises in a narrow tube due to surface tension.
### Glossary

Fluid:** A substance that can flow, including liquids and gases.


* **Pressure:** The normal force acting per unit area.
* **Pascal's Law:** Pressure in a fluid at rest is the same at all points at
the same height.
* **Streamline:** The path taken by a fluid particle in steady flow.
* **Equation of Continuity:** Av = constant, expressing the conservation
of mass in incompressible fluid flow.
* **Bernoulli's Principle:** The sum of pressure, kinetic energy per same
at all points at the same height.
* **Streamline:** The path taken by a fluid particle in steady flow.
* **Equation of Continuity:** Av = constant, expressing the conservation
of mass in incompressible fluid flow.
* **Bernoulli's Principle:** The sum of pressure, kinetic energy per unit
volume, and potential energy per unit volume remains constant along a
streamline.
* **Viscosity:** The resistance to fluid motion.
* **Coefficient of Viscosity:** The ratio of shearing stress to the strain
rate.
* **Stokes' Law:** Describes the viscous drag force on a sphere moving
through a fluid.
* ** unit volume, and potential energy per unit volume remains constant
along a streamline.
* **Viscosity:** The resistance to fluid motion.
* **Coefficient of Viscosity:** The ratio of shearing stress to the strain
rate.
* **Stokes' Law:** Describes the viscous drag force on a sphere moving
through a fluid.
* **Surface Tension:** A force per unit length acting in the plane of the
interface between a liquid and another medium.
* **Angle of Contact:** The angle between the tangent to the liquid
surface at the point of contact and the solid surface inside the liquid.
* **Capillary Rise:** The rise of a liquid in a narrow tubeSurface
Tension:** A force per unit length acting in the plane of the interface
between a liquid and another medium.
* **Angle of Contact:** The angle between the tangent to the liquid
surface at the point of contact and the solid surface inside the liquid.
* **Capillary Rise:** The rise of a liquid in a narrow tube due to surface
tension.
due to surface tension.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy