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Experiment 2 xi

The document outlines an experiment to measure the diameter of a wire using a screw gauge, detailing the aim, apparatus, principle, procedure, results, precautions, and sources of error. It explains how to calculate the least count and emphasizes the importance of taking multiple measurements for accuracy. The final result is the mean diameter of the wire after correcting for any zero error.

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21 views3 pages

Experiment 2 xi

The document outlines an experiment to measure the diameter of a wire using a screw gauge, detailing the aim, apparatus, principle, procedure, results, precautions, and sources of error. It explains how to calculate the least count and emphasizes the importance of taking multiple measurements for accuracy. The final result is the mean diameter of the wire after correcting for any zero error.

Uploaded by

yagemo5277
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT NO 2

SCREW GAUGE
AIM
To measure the diameter of a given wire using a screw gauge.

APPARATUS AND MATERIAL REQUIRED


Wire and screw gauge.

PRINCIPLE
The linear distance moved by the screw is directly proportional to the rotation given to it. The
linear distance moved by the screw when it is rotated by one division of the circular scale, is the
least distance that can be measured accurately by the instrument. It is called the least count of
the instrument.The Linear distance distance moved by the screw in one complete rotation is
called pitch of the screw.
L C = pitch/no of divisions in circular scale.

PROCEDURE

1. Take the screw gauge and make sure that the rachet R on the head of the screw functions
properly.
2. Rotate the screw through, say, ten complete rotations and observe the distance through
which it has receded. This distance is the reading on the linear scale marked by the edge of the
circular scale. Then, find the pitch of the screw, i.e., the distance moved by the screw in one
complete rotation. If there are n divisions on the circular scale, then distance moved by the
screw when it is rotated through one division on the circular scale is called the least count of the
screw gauge, that is, pitch
3. Insert the given wire between the screw and the stud of the screw gauge. Move the screw
forward by rotating the rachet till the wire is gently gripped between the screw. Stop rotating the
rachet the moment you hear a click sound.
4. Take the readings on the linear scale and the circular scale.
5. From these two readings, obtain the diameter of the wire.
6. The wire may not have an exactly circular cross-section. Therefore, it is necessary to
measure the diameter of the wire for two positions at right angles to each other.
7. The wire may not be truly cylindrical. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the diameter at
several different places and obtain the average value of diameter.
8. Take the mean of the different values of diameter so obtained.
9. Subtract zero error, if any, with proper sign to get the corrected value for the diameter of the
wire.
RESULT

The diameter of the given wire as measured by screw gauge is ... mm

PRECAUTIONS
1. Rachet arrangement in screw gauge must be utilised to avoid undue pressure on the wire as
this may change the diameter.
2. Move the screw in one direction else the screw may develop “play”.
3. Screw should move freely without friction.
4. Reading should be taken at least at four different points along the length of the wire.
5. View all the reading keeping the eye perpendicular to the scale to avoid error due to parallax.

SOURCES OF ERROR

1. The wire may not be of uniform cross-section.


2. Error due to backlash though can be minimised but cannot be completely eliminated.
Left side

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATION

The length of the smallest division on the linear scale = ... mm


Distance moved by the screw when it is rotated through x complete rotations, y = ... mm
Pitch of the screw = y /x = ... mm
Number of divisions on the circular scale n = ...
Least Count (L.C.) of screw guage = pitch /No. of divisions on the circular scale = ... mm
Zero error with sign (No. of div. × L. C.) = ... mm

SI no. Linear scale Circular scale Reading Total Reading


reading N No. Of Value Observed Corrected
(mm) circular scale nx(L C) Do = D = Do +c
division on N +nxLC
reference linr (mm

Measurement of the diameter of the wire Mean diameter = ... mm

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