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IGCSE Mathematics

Mensuration is the mathematical study of measuring geometric figures, focusing on length, area, volume, and surface area, with applications in construction and engineering. It covers the perimeter and area of 2D shapes like rectangles, triangles, and circles, as well as the surface area and volume of 3D shapes such as cubes, cylinders, and spheres. The document also includes real-life applications, unit conversions, and sample IGCSE exam questions to reinforce understanding.

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76 views3 pages

IGCSE Mathematics

Mensuration is the mathematical study of measuring geometric figures, focusing on length, area, volume, and surface area, with applications in construction and engineering. It covers the perimeter and area of 2D shapes like rectangles, triangles, and circles, as well as the surface area and volume of 3D shapes such as cubes, cylinders, and spheres. The document also includes real-life applications, unit conversions, and sample IGCSE exam questions to reinforce understanding.

Uploaded by

gamingzonet094
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IGCSE Mathematics: Mensuration

Introduction to Mensuration
Mensuration is the branch of mathematics that deals with the measurement of
geometric figures, including their length, area, volume, and surface area. It is
widely used in real-life applications such as construction, engineering, and
physics.

1. Perimeter and Area of 2D Shapes


Rectangle and Square
 Perimeter: The total distance around the shape.
 Area: The amount of space enclosed by the shape.
Triangle
 Perimeter: Sum of all three sides.
 Area: Depends on base and height.
 Special Case: Heron’s formula can be used when all sides are known.
Circle
 Circumference: The boundary length of the circle.
 Area: The space enclosed within the boundary.
Trapezium
 Perimeter: Sum of all sides.
 Area: Uses the average of parallel sides multiplied by height.
Parallelogram
 Perimeter: Sum of all sides.
 Area: Base multiplied by height.
Sector of a Circle
 Arc Length: The curved distance of the sector.
 Sector Area: A portion of the full circle’s area.

2. Surface Area and Volume of 3D Shapes


Cuboid and Cube
 Surface Area: Sum of areas of all faces.
 Volume: Length multiplied by width and height.
Cylinder
 Curved Surface Area: The area of the curved part of the cylinder.
 Total Surface Area: Includes the curved surface and circular bases.
 Volume: Depends on the height and circular base.
Cone
 Curved Surface Area: Involves the slant height.
 Total Surface Area: Sum of curved surface and base.
 Volume: One-third of the volume of a cylinder with the same base and
height.
Sphere and Hemisphere
 Surface Area: Includes curved area and sometimes a circular base
(hemisphere).
 Volume: Depends on the radius.
Prism
 Surface Area: Includes bases and lateral faces.
 Volume: Cross-sectional area multiplied by length.
Pyramid
 Surface Area: Includes triangular faces and a base.
 Volume: One-third of the volume of a prism with the same base and
height.

3. Applications of Mensuration
 Real-life Problems: Estimating materials for construction, designing
objects, calculating storage capacities.
 Conversion of Units: Converting between mm, cm, m, and km.
 Using Ratios and Proportions: Applying scale factors in models and
drawings.

4. Cambridge IGCSE Past Paper Questions


1. A cylindrical tank has a radius of 7m and a height of 10m. Find its volume
and total surface area.
2. A cone has a base radius of 5cm and a slant height of 13cm. Calculate its
curved surface area and total surface area.
3. A hemisphere has a radius of 6cm. Find its volume and total surface area.
4. The cross-section of a prism is a trapezium with parallel sides of 8cm and
12cm, height 5cm, and length 15cm. Find its volume.

Conclusion
Mensuration is essential for solving practical problems involving shapes and
measurements. Understanding these concepts allows us to calculate areas,
perimeters, surface areas, and volumes accurately, which is useful in many fields
of study and industry.

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