Scribd
Upload
14 views5 pages

Data Analysis

The document outlines the structure for writing an introduction and theoretical framework for a research paper, emphasizing the importance of global and local contexts, previous research findings, and identifying research gaps. It also details the data-gathering procedure, ensuring ethical standards and participant confidentiality, followed by a comprehensive data analysis plan using various statistical tools. The framework aims to guide the research process and interpret findings, aligning with the study's objectives and contributing to the existing body of knowledge.

Uploaded by

Alex Allapitan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views5 pages

Data Analysis

The document outlines the structure for writing an introduction and theoretical framework for a research paper, emphasizing the importance of global and local contexts, previous research findings, and identifying research gaps. It also details the data-gathering procedure, ensuring ethical standards and participant confidentiality, followed by a comprehensive data analysis plan using various statistical tools. The framework aims to guide the research process and interpret findings, aligning with the study's objectives and contributing to the existing body of knowledge.

Uploaded by

Alex Allapitan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

STRUCTURE of the INTRODUCTION

Follow this outline for the introduction of your paper.

INTRODUCTION [6-8 paragraphs]


 Global Scenario
o Overview of the issue at a global scale.
o Current trends, challenges, or debates relevant to the topic.
o Include citations from recent literature to provide evidence (e.g., "According to
Smith et al., 2021...").
 Local Context
o Description of the problem in the local or institutional context.
o Highlight specific data, cases, or observations that demonstrate how the global
issue manifests locally.
o Use citations from recent studies or institutional reports.
 Findings of Previous Research
o Review of key studies on the topic (2019–2025).
o Summarize the findings of 7-10 relevant studies, highlighting their methodologies
and findings. Emphasize their relatedness to the current study.
o Use APA 7th edition format for in-text citations and the reference list.
 Research Gap
o Identify limitations or unexplored areas from the reviewed literature.
o Explain how the gap in research creates the need for the current study.
o Cite studies where applicable (e.g., "While extensive research exists on [topic],
limited studies have explored its application in [specific context] (Brown, 2020).").

General Statement of the Problem


 General Statement
o Clearly articulate the central problem being addressed in your paper
o Use a single declarative sentence to frame the issue.
o Example: This study aims to address the limited integration of technology in
teaching practical writing in application-oriented universities in China.

Significance of your Action Research


 Contributions to Knowledge
o Explain how the research will add to the existing body of knowledge.
 Practical Implications
o Highlight how the study’s findings can be applied to address real-world issues.

STRUCTURE of the THEORETICAL or CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK


SPECIFIC OUTLINE FOR THE THEORETICAL OR CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The Theoretical or Conceptual Framework is a vital section of action research. It provides a
foundation for understanding the research problem, situating it within relevant theories or
concepts, and guiding the study’s methodology and interpretation of findings. Here’s a detailed
outline:

Introduction to the Framework


 Definition and Purpose
o Briefly introduce the concept of a theoretical or conceptual framework.
o Explain its purpose in the context of the research (e.g., guiding the research
process, interpreting findings, etc.).
o Example: The theoretical framework provides a lens through which the study
examines the integration of technology in practical writing instruction.
 Alignment with Research Objectives
o Explain how the framework aligns with the study’s objectives and research
questions.

Theoretical Framework (If Applicable)


 Relevant Theories (at least one)
o Identify and describe the specific theory or theories being used.
o Provide a brief background of the theory (e.g., who developed it, its main tenets).
o Justify its relevance to the study.
o Example: This study draws on Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory (1978), emphasizing
the role of social interaction and scaffolding in the learning process.
 Application to the Study
o Explain how the theory is applied to address the research problem.
o Example: Sociocultural theory informs the study’s focus on collaborative and
technology-assisted learning in practical writing courses.
 Diagram of the Theoretical Framework (Optional)
o Present a visual representation to show how the theory underpins the study (e.g.,
relationships among variables).

Conceptual Framework (If Applicable)


 Key Concepts
o Define and explain the core concepts that are central to the study.
o Provide citations from recent literature to validate the definitions.
o Example: For this study, key concepts include "technology integration," "practical
writing," and "student engagement" (Brown, 2020; Smith, 2021).
 Relationships Among Concepts
o Discuss how the key concepts are interconnected.
o Explain their relevance to the research problem and objectives.
o Example: The conceptual framework posits that effective technology integration
enhances student engagement, which, in turn, improves practical writing outcomes.
 Visual Representation of the Conceptual Framework
o Include a diagram (e.g., flowchart, conceptual map) to illustrate relationships
among variables, factors, or concepts.

Review of Framework Relevance


 Alignment with Literature
o Explain how the framework builds on or extends existing research.
o Cite recent studies that used a similar framework.
o Example: Studies by Lee (2020) and Carter (2022) demonstrated the applicability of
sociocultural theory in evaluating collaborative learning.
 Justification for the Framework
o Justify the choice of the framework based on the research context.
o Example: This framework is ideal for understanding how social interaction and
technology mediate learning in practical writing classes.

Data-Gathering Procedure
Please edit this sample to fit your paper. You also add steps if others are relevant to your paper.
If the steps fit the processes you have done, you do not need to edit.

Data-Gathering Procedure

The researcher considered ethical standards in the conduct of the study to promote the dignity of
the research participants and to maintain the integrity of the data gathered and all the processes
undertaken.

1. After obtaining clearance from the Review Committee, the researcher sought endorsement
from the Capstone adviser and the school administrators for data gathering.
2. Before the data collection, the validity of the research tool was established and the
identification of the participants of the study was undertaken.
3. Informed consent from the participants was likewise sought to ensure that the study
conforms to the ethical norms of research.
4. Upon approval of the school authorities concerned, the researcher conferred with the
persons involved in gathering the data.
5. The obtained quantitative data was organized and were subjected to statistical treatment.
The qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis.
6. The researcher ensured data privacy by safeguarding the anonymity and confidentiality of
the data, and regulating the data access, data security, and data disposal.

Data Analysis
All data gathered from the research were organized, summarized, analyzed, and interpreted
using descriptive and/or inferential statistics. The data were treated using the Statistical Package
for Social Science for Windows (SPSS for Windows).

The statistical tools presented below were used in the study.


Frequency Count (f) and Percentage (%). This statistical tool was utilized to describe the
profile of the participants particularly gender, age, rank/position, grade level taught, and highest
educational attainment for trainer- and teacher-participants.

Mean. This was used to determine the participants’ rating on extent of attainment of the
training objectives, extent of utilization of the strategies, extent of influence of the training on
the participants’ knowledge and skill, and level of satisfaction of the teacher-participants with
regard to teacher training program.

Chi-square. This was utilized to calculate the significant differences and relationships between
or among tested variables.

Thematic Analysis. This was used to classify or categorize the challenges encountered by the
participants in achieving maximum implementation of the teacher-training.

Table 1. Scale for Interpreting the Variables of the Study


Descriptive Interpretation

Score Range EXTENT LEVEL OF


3.25-4.00 Very Great Extent (VGE) Very High
2.50-3.24 Great Extent (GE) High
1.75-2.49 Moderate Extent (ME) Moderate
1.00-1.74 Low Extent (LE) Low

Table 5. Descriptors for Participants’ Level of Autonomy and Extent of Influence of the Indicated
Factors
Range Level of Extent of
4.21 – 5.00 Very High Very Great Extent
3.41 – 4.20 High Great Extent
2.61 – 3.40 Moderate Moderate Extent
1.81 – 2.60 Low Low Extent
1.00 – 1.80 Very Low Very Low Extent

Table 4. Scale for Interpreting Students’ Academic Performance and Level of satisfaction
Rating Range Descriptive Interpretation
91-100 (Excellent) Very High
75-89 (Very Good) High
61-75 (Good) Moderate
Below 60 (Failed) Low

Anova and T-test. These were utilized to calculate the significant differences between or
among tested variables.

Pearson r. This was utilized to determine the significant relationship between and among the
tested variables.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy