Republic of the Philippines

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY

Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga

Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

A. Course Code / Title : SM 224 / Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

B. Module Number : Module 10 - Shear and Moment in Beams
C. Time Frame : January 9, 2021
D. Description:
This module looks into the concept of shear and moment in beams.
E. Objectives:
At the end of this module, the learner should be able to :
1. Have a better understanding of concept of shear and moment in beams.
2. Solve problems relating shear and moment in beams.
F. Contents:
BEAM – a structural member subjected to transverse loads only

A B
x C
L

SHEAR AND MOMENT:

(Internal forces within the beam)

Consider the simple beam shown of length L that carries a uniform load of ω throughout
its length is held in equilibrium by reactions at A and B. Assume that the beam is cut at point C of
distance x from the left support and the portion of the beam to the right of C be removed. The
portion removed must then be replaced by a vertical shearing force V together with a couple M, to
hold the left portion of the bar in equilibrium under the action of the force RA and ωx.
The shear at a section is equal to the summation of all the upward forces minus the downward
forces to the left of the section, or it is equal to the summation of all downward forces minus the
upward forces on the right of the section.
𝑉𝐶 = 𝑅𝐴 − 𝜔𝑥

𝜔𝐿
𝑉𝐶 = − 𝜔𝑥
2

The moment at a section is equal to the summation of all clockwise moments minus the
counterclockwise moments of all forces to the left of the section about the section, or it is equal to
the summation of all counterclockwise moments minus the clockwise moments of all forces to the
right of the section about the section.
𝑥
𝑀𝐶 = 𝑅𝐴 (𝑥) − 𝜔𝑥
2

𝜔𝐿 𝑥 𝜔𝑥 2
𝑀𝐶 = −
2 2

𝜔𝑥
𝑀𝐶 = (𝐿 − 𝑥)
2

Sign Convention
Shear at a section is said to be positive if, by imagining, the beam to be cut into two parts
at the section, the left segment tends to slide upward relative to the right segment.

POSITIVE SHEAR NEGATIVE SHEAR

Bending moment at a section is positive if the beam bends with the concave side on the
top.

POSITIVE MOMENT

NEGATIVE MOMENT

Problems:
1. Determine the magnitude and sign of the shear and bending moment in the beam as shown
whose distance from A is a.) 5 ft, b.) 20ft and c.) 10 ft. check the results by using the left
and right sides of the section as free bodies.

8K 30K 20K
4’ 3’ 6’ 5’ 9’ 5’
3K/ft

G
A C
B D E F

Solution:
 Solve for the reactions
ΣMC = 0 ↻ +
−𝑅2 (25) + 20 (20) + 30 (6) + (3 𝑥 18) (2) − 8 (3) = 0
𝑅2 = 26.56 𝐾
 ΣMG = 0 ↻ +
𝑅1 (25) − 8 (28) − (3 𝑥 18)(23) − 30 (19) − 20 (5) = 0
𝑅1 = 85.44 𝐾

 Cut @ 5 ft from A and solve for the shear and moment

8K 30K 20K
4’ 3’ 6’ 5’ 9’ 5’
3K/ft

G
A C
B Q D E F

5’

R1 = 85.44 K R2 = 26.56 K

Left Segment Right Segment

8K 30K 20K
4’ MQ MQ 2’ 6’ 5’ 9’ 5’

3K/ft 3K/ft
A Q G
B Q C D E F
5’

VQ VQ R1 = 85.44 K R2 = 26.56 K

 Using Left Segment

𝑉𝑄 = 𝛴 𝐹𝑣 ↑ +
Left Segment 𝑉𝑄 = −8 − (3 𝑥 5 )
8K 𝑉𝑄 = −23𝐾
4’ 𝑉𝑄 = 23𝐾 ↓
MQ
3K/ft
A Q
B 𝑀𝑄 = 𝛴𝑀𝑄 ↻ +
5’ 𝑀𝑄 = −8 (1) − (3 𝑥 5)(2.5)

VQ 𝑀𝑄 = −45.5 𝐾 ∙ 𝑓𝑡
𝑀𝑄 = 45.5 𝐾 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 ↺
 Using Right Segment:

Right Segment
30K 20K

2’ 6’ 5’ 9’ 5’
MQ
3K/ft
G
Q C D E F

VQ
R1 = 85.44 K R2 = 26.56 K

𝑉𝑄 = 𝛴𝐹𝑉 ↑ +
𝑉𝑄 = −(3 𝑥 13) − 30 − 20 + 26.56 + 85.44
𝑉𝑄 = 23𝐾
𝑉𝑄 = 23𝐾 ↓

𝑀𝑄 = 𝛴𝑀𝑄𝑅 ↺ +
𝑀𝑄 = 85.44(2) + 26.56(27) − 20(22) − 30(8) − (3 𝑥 13)(6.5)
𝑀𝑄 = − 45.5
𝑀𝑄 = 45.5 𝐾 − 𝑓𝑡 ↻

 Cut @ 20 ft from A and solve for Shear and moment.

10’

8K 30K 20K
4’ 3’ 6’ 5’ 9’ 5’
3K/ft

G
A C
B D E F
Z

R1 = 85.44 K R2 = 26.56 K

Left Segment
10’
𝑉𝑍 = 𝛴𝐹𝑣 ↑
8K
𝑉𝑍 = 85.44 − 8 − (3 𝑥 10)
4’ 3’ 3’
𝑉𝑍 = 47.44 𝐾 ↑
Mz
3K/ft
A C
B Z 𝑀𝑍 = 𝛴𝑀𝑍 ↻
𝑀𝑍 = 85.44 (3) − 8 (6) − (3 𝑥 10)(5)
Vz 𝑀𝑍 = 58.32 𝐾 ∙ 𝑓𝑡 ↻
R1 = 85.44 K
2. Determine the magnitude and sign of the shear and bending moment in the beam as shown
at a section 8 ft to the right of A.

2.4K/ft

0.6K/ft

A 20’ B
3. Determine the magnitude and sign of the shear and bending moment midway between the
supports.

50KN

200KN-m

2m 3m 2m

R1 R2
SHEAR AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAMS

Shear and bending moment diagrams are the graphs showing the variations along
the length of the beam in the values of the shear and bending moment due to a
fixed loading condition.

The shear and bending moment diagrams can be plotted from the shear and
bending moment equations.

If the beam is subjected to concentrated loads only, the shear curves are horizontal
and straight, while the bending moment curves are sloping linear. If the beam is
subjected to both concentrated and uniformly distributed loads, the shear curves
are sloping linear and the bending moment curves are parabolic. If the beam is
subjected to both concentrated and varying loads, the shear curves are parabolic
and the bending moment curves are cubic.

Shear and bending moment diagrams can usually be drawn without actually
deriving the shear and bending moment equations. Since the shear at any section
is equal to the summation of all upward forces minus the downward forces to the
left of the section, the shear ordinate can be obtained by summing all the forces
to the left of the section.

Thus, the procedure is that of "stepping up and down with the forces from the left
end to the right end of the beam". In as much as the summation of all forces along
on the beam must be equal to zero, the shear diagram must close.

The bending moment ordinate at any section maybe found by summing the areas
of the shear diagram to the left of the section. This is true because it can be shown
that the change of moment between any two points is equal to the area of the
shear diagram between these two points.

PROPERTIES OF SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS

1. The area of the shear diagram to the left or to the right of the section is
equal to the moment at that section.
2. The slope of the moment diagram at a given point is equal to the shear at
that point.
3. The slope of the shear diagram at a given point is equal to the load at that
point.
4. The maximum moment occurs at the point of zero shear. This is in reference
to property 2, that when the shear (also the slope of the moment diagram)
is zero, the tangent drawn to the moment diagram is horizontal.
 5. When the shear diagram is increasing, the moment diagram is concave
upward.
6. When the shear diagram is decreasing, the moment diagram is concave
downward.

Problem 1. Draw the shear and bending moment diagram for the beam as shown.
Problem 2. Draw the shear and bending moment diagram for the cantilever beam
shown.
Problem 3. Draw the shear and bending moment diagram for the beam shown.
Activity #2 FINAL TERM
Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for each beam loaded as shown

1.

2.

3.