2/6/2025

A diagonal member of a roof carries an axial

tension of 450kN.
Design Design the section and its connection with
Problem a gusset plate and lug angle. Use
fy=250MPa and fu= 410MPa.

1. Determining the Area required and

Determining the selecting a suitable member (Section)
area required 2. Bolt specifications
and selecting a 3. Determining Length of the Connection
suitable 4. Verifying the net area requirement.
member 5. Determining the tearing strength of the
net section.
(Section)

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1. Determining the ratio of areas in a

connection.
2. Load demand of the lug angle.
Design 3. Selecting a suitable section (net area
requirement)
process of
4. Assuming the bolt specifications.
Lug Angle 5. Calculating net Area
6. Determine number of bolts req to
connect lug with gusset plate.
7. Check the connection (Verify actual
member requirement)

Step 1
Factored tensile load=450kN (Given)

Required net area of section =Tu * γm1 / (0.9 fu)

=450 x 1000 x 1.25/(0.9x410)=

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Step 1
Factored tensile load=450kN (Given)

Required net area of section =Tu * γm1 / (0.9 fu)

=450 x 1000 x 1.25/(0.9x410)= 1524 mm²

Choose ISA 150 x 75 x 10 with A=2160 mm² and

rvv=16.1 mm.

Step 2
Providing 20 mm diameter bolts, the strength of a bolt in
single shear=45.3 kN (Calculated in previous classes)
Note= Here the bearing will NOT govern.

Number of bolts Req= 450 / 45.3 ~= 10

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Step 3
Calculating the minimum length of the connection necessary.

Using a pitch of 2.5*d= 2.5x20 mm =50 mm

and
an edge distance of 30mm

Length of gusset plate=9x50 + 2x30 =

Step 3
Calculating the minimum length of the connection necessary.

Using a pitch of 2.5*d= 2.5x20 mm =50 mm

and
an edge distance of 30mm

Length of gusset plate=9x50 + 2x30 =510mm

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Step 4
Area of connected leg Anc=[150-22-(10/2)] × 10=

Area of outstanding leg Ago=[175-(10/2)]×10 =

Total area =

Step 4
Area of connected leg Anc=[150-22-(10/2)] × 10= 1230 mm²

Area of outstanding leg Ago=[75-(10/2)]×10 =700 mm²

Total area =1230+700 = 1930mm² > 1524 mm²

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Step 5

NET SECTION RUPTURE CHECK

Tearing strength of the net section
Tdn=0.8×1930×410/1.25 =

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Step 5

NET SECTION RUPTURE CHECK

Tearing strength of the net section
Tdn=0.8×1930×410/1.25 =506.4 kN >450kN

Conclusion: Without a lug angle, the length of the gusset plate

should be more than 510mm, which is often not feasible in practical
scenarios. So, we include the Lug Angles.

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1. Determining the ratio of areas in a

connection.
2. Load demand of the lug angle.
Design 3. Selecting a suitable section (net area
requirement)
process of
4. Assuming the bolt specifications.
Lug Angle 5. Calculating net Area
6. Determine number of bolts req to
connect lug with gusset plate.
7. Check the connection (Verify actual
member requirement)

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Step 1:
Total factored tensile load = 450 kN

Gross area of the connected leg =

Gross area of outstanding leg =

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Step 1:
Total factored tensile load = 450 kN

Gross area of the connected leg = [150 - (10/2)] × 10 =1450 mm²

Gross area of outstanding leg = [75 - (10/2)] x 10 = 700mm²
In an unequal angle, the load gets distributed in the ratio of the gross
area of connected and outstanding legs.
Load shared by an outstanding leg of the main angle
700
=450 x =
(1450+700)
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Step 1:
Total factored tensile load = 450 kN

Gross area of the connected leg = [150 - (10/2)] × 10 =1450 mm²

Gross area of outstanding leg = [75 - (10/2)] x 10 = 700mm²
In an unequal angle, the load gets distributed in the ratio of the gross
area of connected and outstanding legs.
Load shared by an outstanding leg of the main angle
700
=450 x = 146.5 kN
(1450+700)
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Step 2:
A 20% increase is to be considered for the Load on the lug angle
(clause 10.12.2)

Load on the lug angle = 1.2 x 146.5 = 175.8 kN

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Step 3:
Required net area for lug angle = 175.8 x 10^3 x 1.25 / (0.9x410)
= 596 mm²

Use ISA 150 × 75 x8 angle with A = 1750 mm²

Why????

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Step 4:
Assumption: One row of 20mm diameter bolt.

Net effective area = 1750 – [(20+2)] x 8 = 1574mm² > 596 mm²

(For simplicity the effect of ∑ p²/4g is not considered here)

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Step 5:
The lug angle is also kept
with its 75mm long leg
as an outstanding leg.

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Step 5:
Number of bolts to connect
150mm leg of lug angle with
gusset plate
= 175.8/45.3 ~= 4

Provide five bolts of 20 mm

diameter to connect the lug
angle with the gusset plate.
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Step 6:
Check:

Check Load on connected leg = 450 × 1450/(1450 + 700) =*

Required number of bolts = */45.3 =

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Step 6:
Check:

Check Load on connected leg = 450 × 1450/(1450 + 700) = 303.5 kN

Required number of bolts = 303.5/45.3 =7

Hence provide seven 20mm diameter bolts to connect the diagonal

tension member with the gusset.

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Step 6:
Increase 40% load on the outstanding leg for connecting the lug angle
(clause 10.12.2)

The required number of bolts to connect the outstanding legs of the two
angles = (1.4x 146.5) / 45.3 ~= 5

Hence, provide five bolts of 20 mm diameter.

Required length of gusset plate =6X 50 + 2 x 30 = 360 mm (compared with
510mm without lug angle).

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Step 6:
Required length of gusset plate using the same pitch and end distance

=( 6 x 50 ) + (2 x 30) = 360 mm

(As compared to 510mm without lug angle)

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Thank You

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