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Tutorial 3

The document outlines a tutorial on internal combustion engines, focusing on cycles and performance metrics. It includes calculations for various engine types, including ideal Dual cycles and diesel engines, detailing parameters such as pressure, temperature, efficiency, and fuel consumption. Additionally, it presents specific case studies involving different engine configurations and their respective performance analyses.

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13 views1 page

Tutorial 3

The document outlines a tutorial on internal combustion engines, focusing on cycles and performance metrics. It includes calculations for various engine types, including ideal Dual cycles and diesel engines, detailing parameters such as pressure, temperature, efficiency, and fuel consumption. Additionally, it presents specific case studies involving different engine configurations and their respective performance analyses.

Uploaded by

kopim76661
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MCL241 Energy Systems and Technologies

Tutorial 3
January 23, 2025
Internal Combustion Engines: Cycles and Performance
1. For an engine working on the ideal Dual cycle, the compression ratio is 10 and the maximum pressure is
limited to 70 bar. If the heat supplied is 1680 kJ/kg, find the pressure and temperatures at the various
salient points of the cycle and the cycle efficiency. The pressure and temperature of air at the beginning
of compression are 1 bar and 100 o C, respectively. Assume Cp = 1.004kJ/kg-K and Cv = 0.717 kJ/kg-K
for air. (p= 1, 25.12, 70 and 3.53 bar; T=100, 663.9, 2338, 2815.8, 1041.4 o C; 59.82%).
2. An oil engine works on the Dual cycle, the heat liberated at constant pressure being twice that liberated
at constant volume. The compression ratio of the engine is 8 and the expansion ratio is 5.3. But the
compression and expansion processes follow the law pV 1.3 = C. The pressure and temperature at the
beginning of compression are 1 bar and 27 o C respectively. Assuming Cp = 1.004 kJ/kg-K and Cv = 0.717
kJ/kg-K for air, find the air-standard efficiency and the mean effective pressure. (55.9%, 4.95 bar).
3. The compression ratio of an engine is 10 and the temperature and pressure at the start of compression is
37 o C and 1 bar. The compression and expansion processes are both isentropic and the heat is rejected
at exhaust at constant volume. The amount of heat added during the cycle is 2730 kJ/kg. Determine the
mean effective pressure and thermal efficiency of the cycle if (i) the maximum pressure is limited to 70
bar and heat is added at both constant volume and constant pressure and (ii) if all the heat is added at
constant volume. In this case how much additional work per kg of charge would be obtained if it were
possible to expand isentropically the exhaust gases to their original pressure of 1 bar. Assume that the
charge has the same physical properties as that of air. (57%, 19.32 bar; 60.2%; 20.53 bar; 293.7 kJ/kg)
4. A four-cylinder racing engine of capacity 2.495 litres has a bore of 94 mm and a compression ratio of
12:1. When tested against a dynamometer with a torque arm of 0.461 m a maximum load of 622 N was
obtained at 5000 rev/min, and at the peak speed of 6750 rev/min the load was 547 N. The minimum fuel
consumption was 17.2 ml/s at a speed of 5000 rev/min, the specific gravity of the fuel being 0.735, and
LHV = 44,200 kJ/kg. Calculate the maximum brake mean-effective pressure, the maximum brake power,
the minimum specific fuel consumption, and the maximum brake thermal efficiency at maximum torque,
and compare this latter answer with the air standard efficiency. (14.44 bar; 178.25 kW; 303.1 g / kWh;
26.87%; 62.99%)
5. A four-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine develops 83.5 kW at 1800 rev/min with a specific fuel con-
sumption of 0.231 kg/kW-hr, and air-fuel ratio of 23:1. The analysis of the fuel is 87% carbon and 13%
hydrogen, and the LHV is 43,500 kJ/kg. The jacket cooling water flows at 0.246 kg/s and its temperature
rise is 50 K. The exhaust temperature is 316 o C. Draw up an energy balance for the engine. Take R =
0.302 kJ/kg-K and Cp = 1.09 kJ/kg-K for the dry exhaust gas, and Cp = 1.86 kJ/kg-K for superheated
steam. The temperature in the test house is 17.8 o C, and the exhaust gas pressure is 1.013 bar. (shaft:
35.83%; cooling water: 22.11%; exhaust gas: 18.67%; rest unaccounted for)
6. A commercial 3-cylinder, 4 stroke SI engine with a displacement volume of 798 cc is tested on a dy-
namometer with wide-open throttle. The area under the indicator diagram of the engine works out to 750
J of output loop and 100 J of pumping loop, while running at 4000 rpm. Fuel consumption measurement
shows that the engine consumes 20 ml of gasoline of density 740 kg/m3 in 10 seconds. The airflow rate
at ambient conditions of 1 bar, 30 o C is measured to be 22.5 litres/sec. (a) Compute: air-fuel ratio;
volumetric efficiency; gross and net indicated powers; net indicated specific fuel consumption; and net
indicated mean effective pressure. (b) In order to measure the frictional power, the engine, the engine is
not fired, but driven by a DC motor, and the torque on the motor shaft is measured. When the motor
drives the engine at 4000 rpm, the torque on the shaft is balanced by a mass of 2.2 kg hung on a torque
arm of length 0.5 m. Compute the frictional power, indicated power and mechanical efficiency.
7. A Tata Nano engine, whose specifications are given as follows, is tested on an engine test bed in the
laboratory. Engine: 4 stroke, 2-cylinders each with bore 73.5 mm, stroke 73.5 mm and compression ratio
9.5. While testing at 3000 rev/min, the dynamometer balances a 11 kg mass on a torque arm of length
0.5 m. At this condition, 33 ml of the fuel whose density is 775 kg/m3 and calorific value of 44 MJ/kg
flows into the engine in 30 seconds, and the volumetric efficiency of the engine is 0.75. Ambient air has
a pressure and temperature of 100 kPa and 300 K. Compute: the cylinder volumes at TDC and BDC,
gravimetric air-fuel ratio, brake power, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption. If
the mechanical efficiency is measured to be 0.9, compute the Indicated Mean Effective Pressure.

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