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Chapter No. 01
INTRODUCTION
The daily average solar energy incident over India varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m2
with about 1500–2000 sunshine hours per year (depending upon location), which is
far more than current total energy consumption. For example, assuming the efficiency
of PV modules were as low as 10%, this would still be a thousand times greater than
the domestic electricity demand projected for 2015. Fig 1 shows the average solar
radiations receiver by different regions in India. Gujarat government has signed a
MOU with Clinton Foundation to build the world’s largest solar-power plant in the
region. The 3,000-megawatt plant near the border between India and Pakistan would
be one of four planned by the initiative, a William J. Clinton Foundation program to
promote renewable energy. The other proposed sites are in California, South Africa,
and Australia. However the problem with solar power is that it is directly dependent
on light intensity. To produce the maximum amount of energy, a solar panel must be
perpendicular to the light source. Because the sun moves both throughout the day as
well as throughout the year, a solar panel must be able to follow the sun’s movement
to produce the maximum possible power.

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1.1 wind power:

Fig.No 1.1.1. Wind Power

Wind power uses a wind turbine and related components to convert the kinetic
energy of moving air into electricity and other forms of energy. Wind power has been
harnessed for centuries—from the time of the ancient Greeks to the present. The
modern era of wind-driven electrical generation began with the oil shocks of the
1970s and accelerated with the passage of the Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act
(PURPA). Both the development of wind technology and the installation of wind
power plants have grown ever since.
1.2 Geo thermal power:

Fig.No 1.2.1. Geothermal Power

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Today, geothermal electricity is produced by conventional power-generating

technologies using hydrothermal resources, hot water or steam, accessible within 3
km of Earth’s surface. Existing plants operate 90–98 percent of the time and thus can
provide base load electricity. Growth of conventional hydrothermal energy is
expected to be modest and regional in nature, occurring primarily in the western
United States. More aggressive growth would be possible if the heat stored deeper
below Earth’s surface could be successfully mined. Enhanced geothermal
systems (EGSs) would use hydraulic stimulation to mine the heat stored in natural
rock reservoirs. In the case of deep, low-permeability rock, hydraulic stimulation
would create a porous or fractured reservoir through which fluid could be circulated
and heated for use in a conventional generation plant. In sites with sufficient natural
liquids, stimulation would open up flow paths for dry steam or superheated liquid
water. For example, the Iceland Deep Drilling Project plans to access a high-
temperature (400–650ºC) hydrothermal resource 4–5 km deep at the Krafla, the
Hengill, and the Reykjanes geothermal fields.
1.3 Hydro Power

Fig.No 1.3.1. Hydro Power

Technologies for converting energy from water to electricity include

conventional hydroelectric technologies and emerging hydrokinetic technologies that
can convert ocean tidal currents, wave energy, and thermal gradients into electricity.
Conventional hydroelectricity, or hydropower, the largest source of renewable

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electricity, comes from capturing the energy from freshwater rivers and converting it
to electricity.
Conventional hydroelectricity is one of the least expensive sources of
electricity. Hydropower has played a long and important role in the history of
electrification in the United States. Federal development of large-scale hydropower
projects during the 1930s and 1940s, such as those constructed as part of the
Tennessee Valley Authority system and the Grand Coulee, Bonneville, and Hoover
dams, aided in rural electrification and the development of the country’s industrial
base. Most hydropower projects use a dam to back up and control the flow of water, a
penstock to siphon water from the reservoir and direct it through a turbine, and a
generator that converts the mechanical energy to electricity. The amount of electricity
produced is a function of the capacity of the turbines and generators, the volume of
water passing through the turbines, and the hydraulic head (the distance that the water
drops in the penstock). Different categories of hydropower include large conventional
hydropower with generating capacity greater than 30 MW, low-head hydropower with
a hydraulic head of less than 65 feet and a generating capacity of less than 30 MW,
and micro-hydropower with a generating capacity of less than 100 kW. All of these
categories rely on the same basic technologies.
1.4 Bio Power:

Fig.No 1.4.1.Bio Power

Broadly defined, biomass is organic material produced on a short timescale by a

biological process. Types of biomass for energy production fall into three broad
categories: (1) wood/plant waste; (2) municipal solid waste/landfill gas (LFG); and
(3) other biomass, including agricultural by-products, biofuels, and selected waste

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products such as tires (EIA, 2007). Dedicated energy crops are at present an
insignificant portion of the U.S. biomass energy supply. However, there is increasing
interest in biomass for alternative liquid transportation fuels (biofuels), which is
already beginning to change the methodology of documenting biomass usage. A more
complete discussion of biomass for alternative liquid fuels, including co-generation of
biofuels and electricity, can be found in the forthcoming report of the America’s
Energy Future Panel on Alternative Liquid Transportation Fuels (NAS-NAE-NRC,
2009b) and the upcoming report from the Committee on America’s Energy Future
(NAS-NAE-NRC, 2009a).
Development of this renewable electricity source has not seen much recent
growth. The nature of biomass use is such that electricity and heat are often co-
generated. An attractive feature of biomass is that, as a chemical energy source,
biomass energy is available when needed, which also makes it attractive for
competing applications, such as transportation fuel.

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Chapter No. -02

LITERATURE REVIEW
1] “Dual Axis Solar Tracker” by Praveen Kumar, Sasanka Jonnalagadda,
Srihari and Haji Bonothu.
Non renewable energy sources like fossil fuels are soon being depleted and in
near future we will be faced with its extinction. Alternative energy sources which are
renewable and are available in abundant quantity are required. Sun's insulation fits
both the criteria. Hence there are emerging technologies focused on harvesting solar
energy. Be it photovoltaic panels or concentrating panels, they aren’t most efficient if
they are installed in a fixed position. Due to earth's spin we see sun in different
positions throughout the day, hence light tracker is used along with mechanisms
which orient a solar panel or a concentrating panel throughout the day. Designing and
fabricating a Dual axis solar tracker one needs to have a proper grasp of Basic
electronics, control systems and mechanical mechanisms.
However the problem with solar power is that it is directly dependent on light
intensity. To produce the maximum amount of energy, a solar panel must be
perpendicular to the light source. Because the sun moves both throughout the day as
well as throughout the year, a solar panel must be able to follow the sun’s movement
to produce the maximum possible power. The solution is to use a tracking system that
maintains the panel’s orthogonal position with the light source. There are many
tracking system designs available including passive and active systems with one or
two axes of freedom.
The goal of our project was to design an active, dual axis, solar tracker that
will have a minimum allowable error of 10° and also be economically feasible to
market towards underprivileged countries. We started by examining the prior work
done in solar tracking methods to determine our course of action. From there we
designed and tested several mechanical and electrical options and chose the ones with
the most desirable characteristics. Finally, we built our final tracking system, tested
and compared it to ensure that we met our original goal.
The Dual-Axis Solar tracker designed and built in this project show a clear
benefit over both immobile and single-axis tracking systems. The tracker built has a
maximum angular error to the sun of 1.5° in both axes of movement. This value
corresponds to a 49% energy gain over an immobile solar panel setup assuming the

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solar panels mounted on the tracker and the immobile system are identical 20W
panels. Furthermore, the single-axis trackers had gains over the immobile system for
the entire range of latitudes but these gains were still lower than the dual-axis tracker
for all latitudes.
2] “Energy Efficient Hybrid Dual Axis Solar Tracking System” by Rashid
Ahammed Ferdaus, Mahir Asif Mohammed, Sanzidur Rahman, Sayedus
Salehin, and Mohammad Abdul Mannan
This paper describes the design and implementation of an energy efficient
solar tracking system from a normal mechanical single axis to a hybrid dual axis. For
optimizing the solar tracking mechanism electromechanical systems were evolved
through implementation of different evolutional algorithms and methodologies. To
present the tracker, a hybrid dual-axis solar tracking system is designed, built, and
tested based on both the solar map and light sensor based continuous tracking
mechanism. These light sensors also compare the darkness and cloudy and sunny
conditions assisting daily tracking. The designed tracker can track sun’s apparent
position at different months and seasons; thereby the electrical controlling device
requires a real time clock device for guiding the tracking system in seeking solar
position for the seasonal motion. So the combination of both of these tracking
mechanisms made the designed tracker a hybrid one. The power gain and system
power consumption are compared with a static and continuous dual axis solar tracking
system. It is found that power gain of hybrid dual axis solar tracking system is almost
equal to continuous dual axis solar tracking system, whereas the power saved in
system operation by the hybrid tracker is 44.44% compared to the continuous tracking
system.
During the last few years the renewable energy sources like solar energy have
gained much importance in all over the world. Different types of renewable or green
energy resources like hydropower, wind power, and biomass energy are currently
being utilized for the supply of energy demand. Among the conventional renewable
energy sources, solar energy is the most essential and prerequisite resource of
sustainable energy
The design, implementation, and testing of a hybrid dual axis solar tracking
system is presented in the study. The Performance of the developed system was
experimented and compared with both the static and continuous dual axis solar
tracking system. This work demonstrates that hybrid dual axis solar tracking system
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can assure higher power generation compared to static panel as well as less power
consumption compared to continuous dual axis solar tracking system. The result
shows that the hybrid dual axis tracking system has 25.62% more average power gain
over static system while it has 4.2% less average power gain compared to continuous
tracking system. In hybrid dual axis solar tracking system one motor runs
continuously to track continuous movement of sun due to daily motion and another
motor runs once in a month to track suns seasonal motion.
3] “Designing a Dual Axis Solar Tracking System for Maximum Power” By
Vijayalakshmi K
The main purpose of this paper is to present a control system which will cause
better alignment of Photo voltaic (PV) array with sun light and to harvest solar power.
The proposed system changes its direction in two axes to trace the coordinate of
sunlight by detecting the difference between position of sun and panel. Hardware
testing of the proposed system is done for checking the system ability to track and
follow the sunlight in an efficient way. Dual axis solar tracking system superiority
over single axis solar tracking system is also presented.
Solar energy is a very large, inexhaustible source of energy. The power from
the sun intercepted by the earth is approximately (1.8*10^11) MW, which is many
thousands of times larger than the present consumption rate on the earth of all
commercial energy sources. Problem associated with the use of solar energy is that its
availability varies widely with time. The variation in availability occurs daily because
of the day night cycle and also seasonally because of the earth’s orbit around the sun.
To rectify the problems the solar panel should be such that it always receives
maximum intensity of light. It has been seen since past that the efficiency of the solar
panel is around 10-15% which is not meeting the desired load requirements. So there
is a need of improving the panel efficiency through an economical way. The existing
tracking systems based on sensing elements, stepper motors etc. have some
disadvantages of their kinds. A well designed solar tracking system overcoming all
the disadvantages of the models discussed above is necessary in order to improve the
efficiency of the panel in a most economical way.
Solar trackers are grouped under two basic categories: the single axis trackers
and the dual axis trackers. The single tracker rotates east to west following the sun’s
movement, and the dual trackers include vertical and horizontal movements i.e. they
can incline or tilt to account for winter and summer sun angles. Single Axis Trackers
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are trackers with only one degree through which they rotate or use as axis of rotation.
This axis is usually aligned following the North meridian. They rotate azimuthally
from east to west following the path of a sun.
A pre-determined solar tracking system has been designed economically using
motorized linear actuator. The proposed overall solar tracking system design was
tested, based on calculated data of the altitude angle of Hyderabad. The obtained
system response results show the simplicity, accuracy and applicability of design in
meeting different operational conditions.
4] “Dual Axis Solar Tracking System” by Narayan Ranjan Chakraborty,
Amit Chakraborty Chhoton
Energy crisis is one of the prime issues in the third world developing country
like Bangladesh. There is an enormous gap between generation and demand of
electrical energy. Nearly 50% population of the country is extremely isolated from
this blessing. Renewable energy is the only answer to solve this issue. Solar energy is
one of the most effective resources of the renewable energy which could play a
significant role to solve this crisis. This research presents a performance analysis of
the dual axis solar tracking system using Arduino. The main objective of this research
is whether a static solar panel is better than solar tracker or not. This work is divided
into two parts hardware and software system. In hardware part, four light dependent
resistors (LDR) are used to detect the utmost light source from the sun. Two servo
motors conjointly used to move the solar panel to maximum light source location
perceived by the LDRs. In software part, the code is written by using C programming
language and has targeted to the Arduino UNO controller. The outcome of the solar
tracker system has analysed and compared with the fixed or static solar panel found
better performance in terms of voltage, current and power. Therefore, the solar tracker
is proved more practical for capturing the maximum sunlight supply for star
harvesting applications. The result showed dual axis solar tracking system produced
extra 10.53-watt power compared with fixed and single axis solar tracking system.
Now a day’s our socio-pecuniary growth depends on a lot of electrical energy.
However, in rising countries, this electrical energy is feebly managed. So we can
solve this problem by using renewable energy. Solar, wind, gas, biomass, water etc.
sources of renewable energy. Among this solar power is being rife attributable to its
non-contaminated assets. This solar power is regenerated into electricity for

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supplementary use. This revolution is done by exploitation photo-voltaic switch. Solar

panels are utilized in incarcerate the solar irradiance.
Dual axis tracker utterly aligns with the sun route and tracks the sun
movement in a very a lot of cost-effective loom and includes a marvelous
performance upgrading. The investigational outcomes clearly show that dual axis
tracking is good enough than single and fixed solar systems. The proposed system is
value effective conjointly as a stroke adjustment in single axis tracker provided
notable power increase within the system. Through our experiments, we’ve got found
that dual axis tracking will increase energy by about 40% of the fixed arrays. With a
lot of works and higher systems, we tend to believe that this figure can raise more.

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Chapter No.-03
MAIN COMPONENTS

3.1 COMPONENTS:
3.1.1 Dual Axis Tracker:

Fig.No 3.1.1 Dual axis tracker

Dual axis trackers as shown in the figure freedom that acts as axes of rotation.
Double as the name suggest, can rotate simultaneously in horizontal and vertical
directions, and s o are able to point exactly at sun at all times in any location. Realize
movement both along the elevation axes. These tracking systems naturally provide the
best performance, given that the components have high enough accuracy as well.

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3.1.2 Tracking System Circuit:

Fig.No .3.1.2 Tracking system circuit

The device is able to track day time motion of the sun precisely and shift in the
vertical axis accordingly. The device also effectively tracks the seasonal displacement
of the sun and moves the entire mechanism in the horizontal plane or in a lateral
motion such that the orientation of always kept in a straight axis to the sun so that it
complements the vertical actions of the tracker appropriately. The position of the
LDRs are critical here and the set of LDR which corresponds to this positioned that it
senses the sun light accurately and tries to keep the panel perpendicular to the sun
rays by moving the motor in the appropriate direction through a definite number of
stepped rotations. The LDR sensing is actually accurately received and interpreted by
an electronic circuit which commands the motor for the above explained actions.
Another mechanism which is quite similar to the above vertical setting, but moves the
panel through a lateral motion or rather it moves the whole solar panel mount in
circular motion over the horizontal plane. This motion takes place in response to the
position of the sun during the seasonal changes, therefore in contrast to the vertical
movements; this operation is very gradual and cannot be experienced on a daily basis.
Again the above motion is in response to the command given to the motor by the
electronic circuit which operates in response to the sensing done by the LDRs. For the
above procedure a different set of LDRs are used and are mounted horizontally over
the panel, at a specific position as shown in the diagram.

3.1.3 LDR Sensor:

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Fig.No 3.1.3 LDR Sensor

LDR sensors once sensing the sunshine forward the signal to Microcontroller. The
microcontroller is a logical device that’s enchanting dealings on the root of sensor put
in and starting the motor driver’s track consequently. Assume if the sun changes its
individual locality and go from east to west, it’ll cause light absorption to vary on one
sensor as related to different one positions wherever. On the base of light intensity
feature on sensors, the controller starts driver circuits and moves servo motor to new
light falling on sensor pairs is same .The same method can maintain it up with a
change in sun’s locality surrounded by the sky. As a result, this proposed model is
able to capture supplementary sun rays and system’s solar energy conversion
capability is greatly superior. That the key deciding constituent which shows it
when it collects data from LDR sensors then main algorithm is starts. Sensors
productivity is analogue that’s stimulated to digital signals. This serviceable task is
performed using analogue to digital converter (ADC) .Digitized signals are forwarded
to Arduino microcontroller. After collecting digital signals, it decides relating to the
movement direction and steep angle of servo motors. Control algorithm is viewing
that Arduino microcontroller drives servo motors as long as sensor light sensing is not
equal to one another and if sensor signals are equal. It goes to start of the algorithm.
This methodology is incessant till light falling on detector pairs is equal and PV panel
is adjusted in a position for optimum power. The voltage generated by the solar panel
is assorted and desires to be synchronized. A regulator is often used when the solar
panel which may regulate the voltage coming back from solar panel. For this
principle, supply is provided by generated solar energy. There is not any would like to
give exterior power supply that makes our system economical and cost effective too.

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The purposed model can also use as an impartial system by introducing battery
storage and proper supervision of storage system. Battery storage is controlled by the
thought of generated voltage. Charging Generated voltage.

3.1.4 Servo Motor:

Fig.No 3.1.4 Servo Motor

It is a closed loop system where it uses positive feedback system to control motion
and final position of the shaft. Here the device is controlled by a feedback signal
generated by comparing output signal and reference input signal Here reference input
signal is compared to reference output signal and the third signal is produces by
feedback system. And this third signal acts as input signal to control device. This
signal is present as long as feedback signal is generated or there is difference between
reference input signal and reference output signal. So the main task of
servomechanism is to maintain output of a system at desired value at presence of
noises.

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3.1.5 Arduino:

Fig.No 3.1.5 Arduino

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and

software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a
button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning
on an LED, publishing something online. You can tell your board what to do by
sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so you use
the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software
(IDE), based on Processing.

Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands of projects, from everyday
objects to complex scientific instruments. A worldwide community of makers -
students, hobbyists, artists, programmers, and professionals - has gathered around this
open-source platform, their contributions have added up to an incredible amount
of accessible knowledge that can be of great help to novices and experts alike.

Arduino was born at the Ivrea Interaction Design Institute as an easy tool for fast
prototyping, aimed at students without a background in electronics and programming.
As soon as it reached a wider community, the Arduino board started changing to
adapt to new needs and challenges, differentiating its offer from simple 8-bit boards to
products for IoT applications, wearable, 3D printing, and embedded environments.
All Arduino boards are completely open-source, empowering users to build them
independently and eventually adapt them to their particular needs. The software, too,
is open-source, and it is growing through the contributions of users worldwide.

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Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user

community that manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits
for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control both
physically and digitally. Its products are licensed under the GNU Lesser General
Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License (GPL), permitting the
manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards
are available commercially in preassembled form or as do-it-yourself (DIY) kits.

Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The

boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be
interfaced to various expansion boards or breadboards (shields) and other circuits. The
boards feature serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial
Bus (USB) on some models, which are also used for loading programs from personal
computers. The microcontrollers are typically programmed using a dialect of features
from the programming languages C and C++. In addition to using
traditional compiler tool chains, the Arduino project provides an integrated
development environment (IDE) based on the Processing language project.

The name Arduino comes from a bar in Ivrea, Italy, where some of the founders of
the project used to meet. The bar was named after Arduin of Ivrea, who was
the margraveof the March of Ivrea and King of Italy from 1002 to 1014.

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3.2. Set Up of System:

Fig.No 3.2.1 Actual Set up of System

3.3. Working of System:

The servo motor basically performs the function of tracking the sun rays.
These motor and sensor are integrated with microcontroller, which is controlling on
the basis of sensor. LDR sensor senses the light and sends the single to
microcontroller. Microcontroller is doing comparison of singles received from LDR
sensor and on the basis of singles from rotation of servo motor. Microcontroller is
intelligent device which is taking actions on the basis of sensor input and activating
the motor driver circuit accordingly.

Now suppose sun changing its position from east to west, it will cause light
intensity to be different on one sensor as compared to other one. On the basis of light
intensity difference on sensor. Controller activates and moves motor to new position
where light falling on sensor pair is same. The same process will keep on change in
suns location in the sky. As a result this proposed model to capture more sun rays
system solar energy conversion capability is greatly increased.

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3.4. Experimental Set Up

Fig.No 3.4.1 Shows Experimental Set Up

CALCULATION:

Base motor design

Let, P=24 watt, 12 volt, & 2A
Power (P) =2πNT/60
T =24*60/2π10
T =22.91Nm this is the available torque
Now required torque is calculated as,
As we know the weight of the frame and tracker is 6 kg
Where, R=distance of motor centre upto the last pt of mounting frame
We know the length of tracker frame = 0.475m
R=0.2315
F = total weight of frame and tracker
T=F*R
= (6*9.81)*0.2315)
T =13.97 Nm this is required torque
For upper motor
Weight of tracker 4 kg
R = 0.0015m
T=0.058Nm
Available torque 22.91Nm
So design is safe.

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Chapter No.-04
COSTING

Table 4.1 Costing Of Parts

Sr.No MATERIAL QUANTITY PRICE TOTAL

1 SERVO MOTOR 2 329 658
2 LDR 2 149 298
3 ARDUINO 1 269 269
4 DUAL AXIS 1 2000 2000
TRACKER
5 SOLAR CELL 4 50 200
TOTAL 3425/-

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Chapter No.-05

OBJECTIVE

A solar tracker device has a wide range of application to improve harnessing

of solar insolation. The problem posed thus is to implement a system that is capable of
improving the solar power production by 30-40%. A microcontroller is used to
implement the control circuit which in turn position a motor used to orient the solar
panel optimally.

5.1 Objectives:
1. Design a more reliable and efficient dual axis solar tracking system.
2. Reduce cost.
3. Make electricity accessible to remote areas.
4. Reduce use of electricity

Methodology:
Step 1: - We started the work of this project with literature survey. We gathered many
research papers which are relevant to this topic. After going through these papers, we
learnt about Paper Bag Machine.
Step2: - After that the components which are required for our project are decided.
Step 3: - After deciding the components, the 3 D Model and drafting will be done
with the help of CATIA software.
Step 4: - The components will be manufactured and then assembled together.

Step 5: - The testing will be carried out and then the result and conclusion will be
drawn.

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Chapter No-06
ADVANTAGES

1) The low cost provided by parabolic thoughts is the greatest advantage .

2) Low maintenance.
3) No fuel cost is require.
4) Improve affordability electricity.
5) Increasing the electricity efficiency.
6) More power is generated as compare to fixed solar tracker.
7) Very low acoustic noise and vibration.
8) It is pollution free.
9) Easier and quick installation.

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Chapter No-07
DISADVANTAGES

1) Sun tracking is necessary to maintain solar collection by parabolic troughs

otherwise the output will be reduce.
2) High concentrated sunlight is essential for good working of parabolic solar
tracker.
3) It is affected in rainy season .

7.1 Application:
1) Water heating
2) It is being used on commercial scale to produce high pressure steam
3) Residential application

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Chapter No.-08
FUTURE SCOPE

1) It is showed that the choice of design parameters have a significant influence

on a torque transmission capability.
2) Increase the sensitivity and accuracy of tracking by using different light
sensor.
3) Different algorithm can be followed for more efficient .this device can be
given more intelligence such as after tracking once, it will able to predict the
line movement of the sun across the sky.
4) We can use dual axis solar tracker for efficient charging of battery from solar
energy. it also help to generate more power from solar means, if we want to
increase the load this will be one of the most efficient method

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chapter No.-09
CONCLUSION

1. Solar Energy Technology has an important role to play in the present energy and
environment crises.
2. Parabolic Solar Dish Concentrator can be very usefull in industrial process heat
application. Which use of 20% of total oil consumption in india.
3. If only 25 to 30% of this can be saved by putting solar concentrator. It will have
save import of 4.5MT oil per year. Which is about 6% of our oil imports .
4. The purposed dual axis solar tracking system will be reliable and accurate
throughout the year and maximize the output power when compare to static system
and single axis tracking system. If will be good and competitive solution for the
market place as it is expected to complete with more complex and expensive system.

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REFERENCES

1. Praveen Kumar, Sasanka Jonnalagadda, Srihari M and Haji Bonothu, “DUAL-

AXIS SOLAR TRACKER”, International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol.
8, Issue, 2, pp. 15598-15603, February, 2017 ISSN: 0976-3031
2. Amit Chakraborty Chhoton, Narayan Ranjan Chakraborty, “Dual Axis Solar
Tracking System-A Comprehensive Study: Bangladesh Context”, Proceedings of the
2017 4th International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering (ICAEE),
28-30 September, Dhaka, Bangladesh
3. Rashid Ahammed Ferdaus, Mahir Asif Mohammed, Sanzidur Rahman, Sayedus
Salehin, and Mohammad Abdul Mannan, “Energy Efficient Hybrid Dual Axis Solar
Tracking System”, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Renewable Energy
Volume 2014, Article ID 629717, 12 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/629717
4. Vijayalakshmi K, “Designing a Dual Axis Solar Tracking System for Maximum
Power”, Journal of Electrical & Electronic Systems, Vijayalakshmi, J Electro Electron
System 2016, 5:3
DOI: 10.4172/2332-0796.1000198
5.Sadashiv Kamble, Sunil Kamble, Vaibhav Chavan, Anis Mestry, Nilesh Patil, “Dual
Axis Solar Tracking System”, Novateur Publications International Journal Of
Innovations In Engineering Research And Technology [Ijiert] Issn: 2394-3696
Volume 2, Issue 4apr.-2015

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