Here the sum of the unit digit is 4 + 6 = 10 and the ten’s digit

in multiplicand and multiplier are the same. Put 4 x 6 = 24 in

RHS and 2 x (2+1) = 6 in LHS

Hence, 24 x 26 = 624

Example 2: Multiply 62 by 68

Solution: Sum of unit digit = 2 + 8 = 10

Ten’s digit in Multiplicand and Multiplier = 2
Hence,
LHS = 2 x 8 = 16
RHS = 6 x (6 + 1) = 42
Result = 4216

Example 3: Multiply 93 by 97

Solution: Sum of unit digit = 3 +7 = 10

Ten’s digit in Multiplicand and Multiplier = 9
Hence,
LHS = 3 x 7 = 21
RHS = 9 x (9 + 1) = 90
Result = 9021

fuf[kye~ uor’pjea n’kr% (Nikhilam Navatascaramam

Dasatah)

This sutra works better when both the multiplicand and multiplier
are very close to the base. The base should be in the form of
10n, where n is a natural number.

Rule:

• Write the two numbers to be multiplied above and below

at the right side of your notebook.
• Write the deviation of multiplicand and multiplier from
the base and place them next to the digit to be multiplied.
• The final result will have two parts.

Multiplication 29
 a) The left hand part will be obtained by cross operation
of two numbers written diagonally.
b) The right side of the answer will be obtained by
multiplying the deviations.
• The number of digits in the right hand part will be in
accordance to the number of zeros in the base number.
In simple words, if the base is 100, the right hand part
will have two digits and if the base is 1000, the right
hand part will have three digits.
• In case there is lesser number of digits in the right side,
accommodate as many zeros before the right hand part
so that the total number of digits in that part is equal
to the number of zeros in the base.
• Here is the table that will guide you in deciding the
number of digits to be placed on the right hand side.

Base Number of digits at the right side

of vertical line.
10 1 0
100 2 00
1000 3 000
10000 4 0000
100000 5 00000
1000000 6 000000
10000000 7 0000000

Let us take a few examples to understand the modus operandi

of the above Vedic Sutra.

Case 1: When both numbers are below the base.

Example 4: Multiply 8 by 7

Solution:

(a) Put the multiplicand and multiplier as shown here.

30 The Essentials of Vedic Mathematics

 8
x 7
(b) Both the numbers are closer to the base 10, so take Base
= 10.
Deviation of 8 = 8 – 10 = – 2
Deviation of 7 = 7 – 10 = – 3
(c) Put the deviation at the right side along with the number
to be multiplied.
8 – 2
x 7 – 3
(d) Write the left hand digit by cross operation of any of
two diagonal. Here 8 – 3 = 5 and 7 – 2 = 5
8 – 2
x 7 – 3
5 /
(e) The right hand digit will be the multiplication of the
deviation. The product of deviation is (−2) x (−3) = 6.
8 – 2
7 – 3
5 / 6

Example 5: Multiply 95 by 91

Solution:

a) Put the multiplicand and multiplier as shown here.

95
x 91

b) Both the numbers are closer to the base 100, so take

Base = 100.
Deviation of 95 = 95 – 100 = – 5
Deviation of 91 = 91 – 100 = – 9
c) Put the deviation at the right side along with the number
to be multiplied.

Multiplication 31
 95 – 5
x 91 – 9
d) Write the left hand digit by cross operation of any of
the two diagonals. Here 95 – 9 = 86 or 91 – 5 = 86 is
written in the left hand part.
95 – 5
x 91 – 9
86 /
e) The right hand digit will be the multiplication of the
deviation.
95 – 5
x 91 – 9
86 /45

Case 2: When both the numbers are above the base.

Example 6: Multiply 15 by 11

Solution:

a) Put the multiplicand and multiplier as shown here.

15
x 11
b) Both the numbers are closer to the base 10, so take Base
= 10.
Deviation of 15 = 15 – 10 = 5
Deviation of 11 = 11 – 10 = 1
c) Put the deviation at the right side along with the number
to be multiplied.
15 + 5
x 11 + 1
d) Write the left hand digit by cross operation of any of the
two diagonals.
15 +5
x 11 +1
16 /

32 The Essentials of Vedic Mathematics

 e) The right hand digit will be the multiplication of the
deviation.
15 + 5
x 11 + 1
16 / 5

Example 7: Multiply 105 by 104

Solution:

a) Put the multiplicand and multiplier as shown here.

105
x 104
b) Both the numbers are closer to the base 100, so take Base =
100.
Deviation of 105 = 105 – 100 = +5
Deviation of 104 = 104 – 100 = + 4
c) Put the deviation at the right side along with the number to
be multiplied.
105 + 5
x 104 + 4
d) Write the left hand digit by cross operation of any of the two
diagonals.
105 + 5
x 104 + 4
109 /
e) The right hand digit will be the multiplication of the deviation.
105 + 5
104 + 4
109 / 20

Case 3: When one number is above the base and another is

less than the base.

Example 8: Multiply 12 by 8

Multiplication 33
Solution:

a) Put the multiplicand and multiplier as shown here.

12
x 8
b) Both the numbers are closer to the base 10, so take Base
= 10.
Deviation of 12 = 12 – 10 = +2
Deviation of 8 = 8 – 10 = −2
c) Put the deviation at the right side along with the number
to be multiplied.
12 + 2
x 8 − 2
d) Write the left hand digit by cross operation of any of the
two diagonals.
12 + 2
x 8 − 2
10 /
e) The right hand digit will be the multiplication of the
deviation. The product of (+2) x ( −2) = −4 is written
in the RHS.
12 + 2
x 8 − 2
10 / −4
e) When there is a minus (–) sign at the right hand product,
use the Nilhilam formulae which states, “All from 9 and
the last from 10.” Hence subtract the right hand digit
(–4) from 10 and left hand part will get diminished by
1. i.e. 10 – 1 = 9
12 + 2
x 8 − 2
10 / −4
= 9 / 10 – 4
= 9 / 6

34 The Essentials of Vedic Mathematics

Example 9: Multiply 122 by 98

Solution:

a) Put the multiplicand and multiplier as shown here.

122
x 98
b) Both the numbers are closer to the base 100, so take
Base = 100.
Deviation of 122 = 122 – 120 = +22
Deviation of 98 = 98 – 100 = −2
c) Put the deviation at the right side along with the number
to be multiplied.
122 + 22
x 98 − 2
d) Write the left hand digit by cross operation of any of the
two diagonals.
122 + 22
X98 − 2
120 /
e) The right hand digit will be the multiplication of the
deviation.
122 + 22
x 98 − 2
120 / −44
f) When there is a minus (–) sign at the right hand product,
use the Nilhilam formulae which states, “All from 9 and
the last from 10.” Hence subtract the right hand digit
(–44) from 100 and left hand part 120 will get diminished
by 1. i.e. 120 – 1 =119
122 + 22
x 98 − 2
119 / 100 – 44
= 119 / 56

Multiplication 35
Case 4: Adjustment of right side digit of the product.

Two sub-cases may arise here:

a) When the number of digits on the right hand side is

more than the permissible limit.
b) When the number of digits on the right hand side is less
than the permissible limit.

Sub case (a): When the number of digits on the right hand side
is more than the permissible limit.

Example 10: Multiply 16 by 15

Solution:

a) Put the multiplicand and multiplier as shown here.

16
x 15
b) Both the numbers are closer to the base 10, so take Base
= 10.
Deviation of 16 = 16 – 10 = +6
Deviation of 15 = 15 – 10 = +5
c) Put the deviation at the right side along with the number
to be multiplied.
16 + 6
x 15 + 5
d) Write the left hand digit by cross operation of any of the
two diagonals.
16 +6
x 15 +5
21 /
e) The right hand digit will be the multiplication of the
deviation.
16 + 6
x 15 + 5
21 / 30

36 The Essentials of Vedic Mathematics

Here, the number of digit in RHS is two, which is more than the
permissible number of digits in RHS (See Table 1). The number
of permissible digits in RHS should be in accordance with the
base number. Since, the base is 10, the number placed at the
right side should be of one digit. In such a case, we transfer the
extreme left digit of RHS to the LHS and add them.

16 + 6
x 15 + 5
21 / 30
+
= 240

Example 11: Multiply 13 by 18

Solution:

a) Put the multiplicand and multiplier as shown here.

13
x 18
b) Both the numbers are closer to the base 10, so take Base
= 10.
Deviation of 13 = 13 – 10 = +3
Deviation of 18 = 18 – 10 = +8
c) Put the deviation at the right side along with the number
to be multiplied.
13 + 3
x 18 + 8
d) Write the left hand digit by cross operation of any of the
two diagonals.
13 + 3
x 18 + 8
21 /
e) The right hand digit will be the multiplication of the
deviation.

Multiplication 37
 13 + 3
18 + 8
21 / 24

Since, the base is 10, the number placed at the right side should
be of one digit, so transfer the extreme left digit of RHS to the
LHS and add them.

13 + 3
x 18 + 8
21 / 24
+
= 234

Sub case (b): When the number of digits on the right hand side
is less than the permissible limit.

Example 12: Multiply 96 by 98

Solution:

a) Put the multiplicand and multiplier as shown here.

96
x 98
b) Both the numbers are closer to the base 100, so take
Base = 100.
Deviation of 96 = 96 – 100 = – 4
Deviation of 98 = 98 – 100 = – 2
c) Put the deviation at the right side along with the number
to be multiplied.
96 − 4
x 98 − 2
d) Write the left hand digit by cross operation of any of the
two diagonals.
96 − 4
x 98 − 2
94 /

38 The Essentials of Vedic Mathematics

 e) The right hand digit will be the multiplication of the
deviation.
96 − 4
98 − 2
94 / 8

Since, the base is 100, the number placed at the right side should
consist of two digits. But there is a single digit in the RHS. In
such a case, we place the zero to the left in RHS so that the
total number of digits in RHS is equal to the permissible number
of digits. See Table 1 for better understanding.

96 − 4
98 − 2
94 / 08

Example 13: Multiply 989 by 995

Solution:

a) Put the multiplicand and multiplier as shown here.

989
x 995
b) Both the numbers are closer to the base 1000, so take
Base = 1000.
Deviation of 989 = 989 – 1000 = –11
Deviation of 995 = 995 – 1000 = – 5
c) Put the deviation at the right side along with the number
to be multiplied.
989 − 11
x 995 − 5
d) Write the left hand digit by cross operation of any of the
two diagonals.
989 − 11
x 995 − 5
984 /

Multiplication 39
 e) The right hand digit will be the multiplication of the
deviation.
989 − 11
x 995 − 5
984 / 55

Since the base is 1000, the number placed at the right side should
consist of three digits. So in order to meet the requirement of
permissible digit in RHS, we place the zero to the left in the RHS

(Refer Table 1).

989 − 11
995 − 5
984 / 055

Till now, we have seen examples in which both the numbers were
closer to the base. Now let us consider a case where the two
numbers are nearer to a different base. Hey, are you worried?
Don’t panic, the problem will be solved in a similar fashion with
a slight change in the LHS.

• Write the numbers with their respective deviations from

the base as done earlier.
• Write the base of each number in a bracket and cancel
an equal number of zeros in the bracket.
• The RHS will be calculated as done above by placing
the product of deviations, and will have the number of
digits equal to the number of zeros cancelled.
• In the LHS, write the sum of the cross product of the
first diagonal and the deviation of second number.

Example 14: Multiply 107 by 1008

Solution: Here, the two numbers are of different base. 107 is

closer to base 100 and 1008 is closer to base 1000. Hence, the
respective deviations of the numbers are +7 (107 – 100) and
+8 (1008 – 1000).

40 The Essentials of Vedic Mathematics

 Deviation Base
107 + 7 (100)
x 1008 + 8 (1000)

• Cancel equal number of zeros of the different bases.

Deviation Base
107 + 7 (100)
x 1008 + 8 (1000)

• LHS = 107 x 10 + 8 = 1078

RHS = 7 x 8 = 56

• Hence, 1008 x 107 = 107856

Anurupyena Sutra (vkuq:I;s.k)

The word Anurupyena simply means “Proportionately.” This

method is applicable only when the multiplicand and multipliers
are very far from the theoretical base. In other words, when the
multiplicand and multipliers are distant from the power of 10,
we use this sutra.
Let us understand the modus operandi of the Anurupyena
sutra. In order to avoid a tragic situation, we take two types of
bases:– one is a theoretical base and other is a working base.
The theoretical base is taken in the power of 10 and the working
base is taken as the multiple of 10. Let us see this example to
make the modus operandi clear.

Sub-case 1: When the left hand figure is completely divisible by

the divisor of the working base.

Example 15: Multiply 48 by 42

Solution:

Theoretical base = 100

Working base = 100 | 2 = 50

Multiplication 41