The Silent Revolution:

Presented by -
- Ananya N (1BM24ME011)
- Dhairya Amit Shah(1BM24ME027)

Exploring the Work of - Nilesh Sarkar (1BM24ME070)

- Aditi Bathija (1BM24AS002)

Electric Vehicles
FACULTY INCHARGE - Prof. Chaithanya.L
Assistant Professor Dept.of EEE
Introduction to EV's:
HISTORY OF EV..
The initial groundwork for electric MARKET GROWTH OF
vehicles was laid in the 1830s with the ELECTRIC VEHICLE
WHAT IS AN ELECTRIC emergence of rudimentary battery- The global EV market is
VEHICLE? powered carriages, marking the experiencing rapid expansion, with
An Electric Vehicle (EV) is a earliest explorations into alternatives over 20% of 2024 car sales being
vehicle powered fully or mostly to horse-drawn transport. electric, totaling over 17 million
by electricity from a battery, units. Projections for 2025 indicate
which can be charged from an further growth, exceeding 25%
external source. EVs produce market share with over 20 million
zero tailpipe emissions, units sold, driven by decreasing
contributing to cleaner air. prices and increasing
environmental awareness.
 Objective of
using EV's:

Environmental Societal Economic

Reducing Emission Improved Public Lower Running Costs
Improving Air Quality Health Reduced
Increasing Energy Better Quality of Life Maintainance Cost
Efficiency Energy Security Government
Minimizing use of Technological Incentives and Tax
fossil fuels Innovation Benefits
Economic Growth
and Job Creation
Types
of EV's
Construction of EV's:
Chassis and Body Battery Pack Powertrain Electrical Systems Interior and Testing and
Construction Assembly Installation Integration Exterior Assembly Quality Control

Platform Design- The Cell Manufacturing: Electric Motor Wiring Harnesses: Interior Installation: The Performance Testing:
foundation of an EV is Lithium-ion cells (or Placement: The electric Extensive wiring vehicle's interior is The EV undergoes
its platform, which other battery motor (or motors) is harnesses are installed assembled, including rigorous testing to
houses the battery chemistries) are mounted to the chassis, to connect all the seats, dashboard, and ensure it meets
pack and other critical produced in often integrated with electrical components. trim. performance, safety,
components. specialized facilities. the transmission. Onboard Charger: The Exterior Assembly: Body and reliability
Body Strcuture-The Module Assembly: onboard charger is panels, doors, and standards.
Inverter and Controller:
vehicle's body Individual cells are The inverter and integrated to allow the other exterior Quality Checks:
structure, made from assembled into electronic controllers vehicle to be charged components are Inspections are
materials like steel, modules, which are are installed to from external power attached. conducted throughout
aluminum, or then connected. manage the flow of sources. Finishing Touches: The the assembly process to
composites, is built to Pack Integration: power to the motor. Auxiliary Systems: 12V vehicle is painted, and ensure high-quality
provide safety, rigidity, Modules are integrated or 48V systems are final touches such as construction.
Transmission and
and aerodynamics. into a robust pack, installed to power lights, mirrors, and
Drivetrain: The
including thermal transmission (often a accessories like lights, wheels are added.
management, single-speed gearbox), infotainment, and other
monitoring, and safety differential, and axles electronic devices.
systems. are connected to the
Installation: The battery motor to transfer power
pack is installed into the to the wheels.
vehicle's chassis,
typically in the
underbody.
 Components of EV's :

• Battery: Stores electrical energy, typically in the form of direct current (DC). Modern
EVs primarily use lithium-ion batteries.
• Charge Port: Allows the EV to connect to an external power source for charging the
battery pack.
• Onboard Charger: Converts AC electricity from the power grid into DC electricity,
which is required to charge the EV battery.
• DC-DC Converter: Converts high-voltage DC power from the main traction battery
pack to lower-voltage DC power.
• Electric Motor: Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, producing the
torque needed to propel the vehicle.
• Inverter: Converts the DC power from the battery pack into AC power, which is
required by AC electric motors.
 Working Principle of EV's :

• Charging: The EV is connected to an external power source via

the charge port. The onboard charger converts AC electricity
from the grid into DC electricity, which is then supplied to the
battery pack.
• (Discharging): When the driver presses the accelerator pedal,
the vehicle's controller interprets the desired speed and
acceleration. The AC power flows to the electric motor.
• Propulsion: The electric motor converts the AC electrical
energy into mechanical energy, producing rotational motion
(torque).
• Regeneration: When the driver releases the accelerator pedal
or applies the brakes, the EV's motor acts as a generator,
converting the vehicle's kinetic energy back into electrical
energy.
Applications of EV's:
1. Public Transportation
Electric Buses: Reduce emissions, noise, and operating costs. Benefits: Lower costs, quieter, improved air
quality. Examples: BYD in Shenzhen, Proterra in US, Volvo in Europe.

2. Personal Transportation
Electric Cars: BEVs and PHEVs for commuting, long-distance travel. Benefits: Zero tailpipe emissions (BEVs),
lower costs, smoother driving. Examples: Tesla Model 3, Nissan Leaf, Chevrolet Bolt (BEVs); Toyota Prius Prime,
BMW 330e (PHEVs).

3.Commercial Transportation
Electric Trucks: Freight, urban deliveries, long-haul. Benefits: Reduced operating costs, lower emissions,
quieter. Examples: Tesla Semi, Volvo VNR Electric, Ford F-150 Lightning (commercial).

4.Logistics and Warehousing

Electric Forklifts: Material handling. Benefits: Zero emissions, reduced noise, lower costs, improved
environment. Examples: Toyota, Crown, Hyster-Yale.
Application of EV's:
5.Agriculture
Electric Tractors: Farming activities. Benefits: Reduced emissions, lower costs, quieter, integrates with precision
farming. Examples: John Deere, Solectrac, Monarch Tractor.

6.Construction and Mining

Electric Excavators/Loaders: Heavy-duty equipment. Benefits: Reduced emissions, lower noise, improved
comfort, reduced costs. Examples: Volvo, Caterpillar.

7.Marine Transportation
Electric Boats and Ferries: Passenger/cargo transport. Benefits: Reduced emissions, quieter, lower costs, use in
sensitive areas. Examples: Norway ferries, tour boats.

8.Aviation
Electric Aircraft: Passenger planes, air taxis, drones. Benefits: Reduced emissions, quieter, potential for lower
costs, urban air mobility. Examples: eVTOLs, regional aircraft.
PICTURES OF REAL WORLD
APPLICATIONS
 Advantages of EV's:

• Lower Running Costs: Electricity is cheaper than gasoline,

resulting in lower fuel costs per mile.
• Environmental Benefits: EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions,
improving air quality, and generate fewer greenhouse gas
emissions over their lifecycle, especially when powered by
renewable energy.
• Performance Benefits: EVs provide instant torque for rapid
acceleration, a smoother, quieter ride, and enhanced
handling due to their low center of gravity.
• Convenience: EVs can be conveniently charged at home
and benefit from a growing public charging infrastructure.
• Energy Independence: EVs reduce dependence on fossil
fuels and can utilize renewable energy sources, promoting a
sustainable energy future.
Disadvantages of
EV's:
• Higher Upfront Cost: EVs typically have a higher
initial purchase price compared to comparable
gasoline-powered vehicles.
• Limited Range: EVs may have a shorter driving
range on a single charge compared to gasoline
cars, which can lead to range anxiety, or the fear
of running out of charge before reaching a
charging station.
• Longer Refueling Time: Charging an EV takes
significantly longer than filling a gasoline tank.
• Limited Charging Infrastructure: The availability of
public charging stations is still limited in some
areas, particularly in rural or less densely
populated regions.
• Battery Degradation: EV batteries can degrade
over time, reducing their capacity to hold a
charge.
Conclusion:

In conclusion, the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into the workplace presents a
transformative opportunity for organizations to enhance their operational efficiency, promote
sustainability, and foster a culture of innovation.

By embracing electric vehicles, organizations not only contribute to a cleaner environment but
also enhance their operational efficiency and employee satisfaction. As we move towards a
more sustainable future, the adoption of electric vehicles in the workplace is not just a trend; it
is a strategic imperative that aligns with global efforts to combat climate change and promote
sustainable practices.

Let us take the next steps together in integrating electric vehicles into our workplace, paving
the way for a greener, more sustainable future for our organization and the communities we
serve.
References:
Alternative Fuels Data Center - Electric Vehicles: https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric
Electric Vehicle - Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_vehicle
Electric Vehicles: Benefits, Challenges, and Potential Solutions for Widespread
Adaptation:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/10/6016
Electric Vehicle Technical Reference Report -
NERC:https://www.nerc.com/comm/RSTC_Reliability_Guidelines/EV_Modeling_Technical_Reference_Report.pdf
Electric Vehicle Reference: https://www.electric-car-insider.com/evbasics-guide.pdf
Electric Vehicles: A Review of Their Components and
Technologies: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364737960_Electric_vehicles_a_review_of_their_comp
onents_and_technologies
REFERENCES - ELECTRIC VEHICLE PARADIGM SHIFT - Energy Systems Research
Unit:https://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/17-18/paradigmev/references.html
Electric Vehicle Regulatory Reference Guide - UNECE: https://unece.org/transport/vehicle-regulations/electric-
vehicle-regulatory-reference-guide