PROJECT TITLE: DESIGN OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES CASE STUDY: JUNCTION OF NELSON MANDELA-TAIFA ROAD STUDENT NAME: SIRAJI

MAGESA
ADM NO: O90101P6232

INTRODUCTION Junction of Nelson Mandela-Taifa road is located at Mibulani ward in Temeke municipality Dar -es- Salaam city. This junction is non signalized and the type of junction is inform of T-junction. The points of conflicts at an intersection can be further reduced by the use of traffic control devices. There fore will facilitate movements through the junction(Tjunction) towards Nelson Mandela which connects Ubungo and Taifa road.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Due to conflicts of traffic at junction, the following problems has become a critical issue. There are increase in accidents and traffic congestion especially during working days or working hours. These lead to delays and also lose of lives and properties.

PROJECT OBJECTIVES
MAIN OBJECTIVE To design pre-timed traffic signal. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES To design traffic control devices To determine types of junction To perfom traffic counting To draw geometric dimension

METHODOLOGY In order to achieve this project I had to do site visit, literature review, data collection, traffic counting and data analysis as the core methodology of this project. The method which I used to collect data is the inperson observation

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

If traffic control devices will be designed, we are expect to reduce the number of accidents and traffic congestion especially during working days.

LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION

An intersection is the area where two or

more street join or cross at grade. At intersection where there are a large number of crossing and turning traffic, there is possibility of several accidents as there non orderly movement thus to say there cross stream of a traffic flow separate.

TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES

Are the management measure which are used in variety ways to control traffic movement both vehicles and pedestrian at the intersection. Traffic control devices, these are devices which used to improve the overall traffic conditions in the most convenient, safe and economic way. For example, traffic signals permit the vehicles and pedestrian to cross in proper manner by controlling conflicts, speed controls, control drives from over speeding.

REQUIMENTS OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES

The installation of these devices should be much that draw the attention of the users. Attention depends upon the location size, colours etc.They should be placed within the cone of clear vision of road used.Fulfill the need or functional requirement

BASIC REQUIREMENT OF TRAFFIC SIGNAL

The traffic signal shall be effective if the following requirement are taken ATTENTION The signal must attract the attention its user, and the factor that affect the attention are Position of placing the signal. Height and type of mounting Design of signal head and face Power of the bulb[usually 40-100w] MEANING Each indication of signal should convey one and only one meaning clearly without any scope of misinterpretation.

THREE TYPES OF SIGNS, GIVING ORDER, WARNING OR INFORMATION

1.Regulatory(mandatory),These signs inform the road users about prevailing laws and regulations.for examples no parking 2.Warning (cautionary) sign,These signs warn the road users about the existence of certain hazardous conditions. For example pedestrian crossing 3.Informatory.(guinding)signs. These signs are for information and guindance of road users and call attention to thing which might be of interest to them. For example direction indicators'.

TYPES OF JUNCTION

The following are types of junctions as mentioned below. 1.T-junction 2.Acute junction 3.Square junction and etc.

TYPES OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES

The following are types of traffic control devices 1.Traffic island 2.Traffic signals 3.Pavement marking 4.Traffic sign

1.Traffic island Is the types of control device which improve the efficiency of operation at junction,also reduce the area of traffic conflicts Classification of traffic island Islands are usually classified according to the purpose for which they are used as shown below 1.Channelising islands This used to separate control or direct the movement of traffic streams. 2.Round about A central islands of circular, elliptical or other shape located in the centre of an intersection used for channelization.

3.Divisional island The y used to provide on four or more lane highway to segregate the opposing traffic and etc. 2.TRAFFIC SIGNALS Guide the road users and provide information. Also give warning about abnormal driving conditions ahead. Types of signals. 1.pre- timed (fixed time)signal They sequence in which the signals red red, yellow-greenyellow as they appear on each approach of junctions is fixed and repeated after a fixed interval in seconds.

2.Vehicle actuated signals These signals change the length of green signal inter val, in accordance with the actual traffic volume on the particular approach of the junction. 3.Pedestrian actuated signals Signals are sometimes provide on busy urban streets for crossing of the pedestrians, they temporarily show a red light for the traffic to stop.

PHASING
Is the procedure by which the traffic streams are separated, the number of phase required for proper and efficient operation of signalized intersection varies with the composition and direction of traffic flow.

TRAFFIC COUNTING
Is the process of counting the vehicles and pedestrian when crossing to the road intersection. TWO METHODS OF TRAFFIC COUNTING 1:Manual method, use to observe to count and classify traffic flowing past a fixed point person can use a field to suit the particular requirement of any intersection. 2:Automatic method, this count method provides a means for gathering large amount of traffic data, usually taken in interval for each 24hrs period.

DATA COLLECTION
Is the process of collecting data, the data are collected in two ways, person observation and secondary participation. The following are data which collected in order to accomplish my project 1:Traffic counting and the method which used to count is the manual counting for 7days in 12hrs each day. 2:Traffic accidents 3:Geometric dimension.

RESULTS OF DATA COLLECTION FOR TRAFFIC COUNTING FOR 7DAYS.

VEHICLE TYPE CARS PICKUP LORRIES UNDER 5T LORRIES OVER 5T SEMITRAIL ERS LORRIES WITH TRAILERS BUS UNDER 25SEAT BUS OVER 25SEAT OTHER VEHICLES TOTAL MON 6AM-6PM 9900 5921 800 TUES 6AM-6PM 7712 5200 804 WED 6AM-6PM 7823 5000 812 THIR 6AM-6PM 7820 5300 923 FRIDAY 6AM-6PM 7921 5320 823 SAT 6AM-6PM 7893 4300 734 Sun 6AM-6PM 2400 819 571 TOTAL

51469 31860 5467

700 160 150

712 150 152

730 140 145

750 151 160

800 145 147

760 160 145

512 100 135

4964 1006 1034

850

800

812

840

820

720

520

5362

700

712

705

706

650

680

350

4503

19181

16242

16167

16650

16626

15392

5407

Accident data recorded at the junction from Temeke police station

MONTH JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JULY AUG SEP 2007 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 2008 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 2009 1 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 2010 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 0 0 2011 2 1 0 1 2 2 1 1 1 2012 1 3 2 1 0 1 1 0 1

OCT
NOV DEC

1
1 0

1
1 0

2
0 0

1
0 0

0
2 0

1
3 0

TOTAL

08

10

11

10

13

14

Average traffic volume flow into pcu(vehicle)/hr at the junction.

Appr. from

Mbagala Right Strait 550 440

Ubungo Left 200 210 Strait 400 300

K/koo Right 266 180 Left 200 256

Total

Mon 400 27/12 Tues 380 28/12

2016 1766

Wed 400 29/12

Thur 470 30/12 Frid 400 31/12 Sat 360 02/01 Sun 100 03/01

430
400 320 491 190

250
300 350 290 110

250
310 340 230 130

200
200 100 150 83

231
136 291 159 100

1761
1816 1801 1680 713

DATA ANALYSIS: Traffic counting The maximum traffic flow/peak day entering the intersection . on the first day (Monday) from each approach is experienced

where traffic volume flow as 950+600+466 from Mbagala, Ubungo and K/koo respectively refer table 3 Average traffic volume flow =(950+600+466)/3 There fore =672vehicle/hr From the minimum vehicular volume warrant this specifies that the average traffic volume flow for 8hrs on both approach should be at least 650motor vehicles per hr on major streets with single lane and 800vehicle on streets with two or more lanes So the results shows that the average exceeds the specified warrant hence installation of traffic signal at this intersection is required.

CONVERSION OF TRAFFIC VOLUME INTO PCU PCU is the single unit used to convert all the vehicles into single unit. Since traffic counting obtaining different types and classes of this traffic should be converted to a single unit.

ACCIDENT DATA RECORDED

It is shown that the above table of accident at the intersection are increasing gradually from one year to another i.e in 2007, the accident recorded was 8 but in 2009 the accident fall to10 and from 2010 -11, the accident recorded was increasing. The annual growth rate of the accident is calculated from the following formula ANNUAL ACCIDENT GROWTH={(Y1/Y)-1}*1/n Where y is the no. of initial accident Y1 is the no. of final accident n is the no. of year There fore ={(14/8)-1}*1/6 0.125=13% From the accident, experience warrant which specifies that where 5 or more accidents have occurred within 12months period, then the traffic control signal is needed.

CONFLICT AT THE INTERSECTION AND ITS DIMENSION

REFERENCES
Kadiyali, L. (1989). Principles and practice of highway engineering. Delhi: Khanna tech. publications. Kelly, W.(1987).Fundamental of traffic engineering. Vaziran, V. (1988). Transportation traffic engineering. Delhi: Khanna publisher