DESIGN OF

BEAMS GROUP 3
Judy Anne Manila
Ron Jiggy Magno
Loiza Joi Mulano
Jillianne Relador
 Design Of Beams/Flexure Members

Case I- Laterally Supported Beams (L < LC )

• 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒕 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 • 𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒕 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 • 𝑵𝒐𝒏 − 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒕 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝑏𝑓 170 𝑏𝑓
• < • 170 < 2𝑡𝑓 < 250
2𝑡𝑓 𝐹𝑦 𝐹𝑏 = 0.60 𝐹𝑦
𝑑 1680 𝑑 1680
• 𝑡𝑤
< • 𝑡𝑤
<
𝐹𝑦 𝐹𝑦

𝐹𝑏𝑥 = 0.66 𝐹𝑦 bf
𝐹𝑏 = 0.79 − 0.000762 Fy Fy
𝐹𝑏𝑦 = 0.75 𝐹𝑦 2tf
 Design Of Beams/Flexure Members

Case II- Laterally Unsupported Beams (L > LC )

• 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒎 •𝑳𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒎 • 𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒎
703270(𝐶𝑏) 𝐿 3516330(𝐶𝑏) 𝐿 3516330(𝐶𝑏) 𝐿 703270(𝐶𝑏)
• < < • < • <
𝐹𝑦 𝑟𝑡 𝐹𝑦 𝑟𝑡 𝐹𝑦 𝑟𝑡 𝐹𝑦

𝐿 2 1172100 𝐶𝑏 82740 𝐶𝑏
2 𝐹𝑦 𝐹𝑏 = 𝐹𝑏 =
𝐹𝑏 = − 𝑟𝑡 𝐹𝑦 𝐿 2 𝑑
3 10.55 × 106 𝐶𝑏 𝐿
𝑟𝑡 𝐴𝑓

82740 𝐶𝑏 82740 𝐶𝑏
𝐹𝑏 = 𝐹𝑏 =
𝐿
𝑑
𝐿
𝑑 𝐹𝑏 = 0.60 𝐹𝑦
𝐴𝑓 𝐴𝑓

𝐹𝑏 = 0.60 𝐹𝑦 𝐹𝑏 = 0.60 𝐹𝑦
Problem No. 1

A beam is built-up from the following plates: 450 mm x 20

mm as flanges and 500 mm x 20 mm as web. All plates are A36 steel
with Fy = 248 MPa and the flanges are continuously connected to
the web by means of fillet welds.
The beam is simply supported at its ends and laterally supported
only at supports. Determine the value of allowable bending stress
for a length of
A. 6 m.
B. 4 m
C. 10 m.
Solution:
200 bf 200 450
𝐋𝐂 𝟏 = = = 5715.006
Fy 248

13790 137900
𝐋𝐂𝟐 = d = 540 = 9267.473
Fy 248
Af 450×20

∴ 𝐋𝐂𝟏 = 𝐋𝐂 = 𝟓𝟕𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝟎𝟔

 A. For a length of 6m.
L = 6000 mm > 𝐿𝐶 ∴ 𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝑼𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒅

𝑰
Solve for 𝒓𝒕 =
𝑨

Fy = 248 MPa
20(450)3 250(20)3
Cb = 1.0 +
12 3(12)
𝐿𝐶 = 5715.006 𝑟𝑡 = = 𝟏𝟏𝟗. 𝟑𝟒𝟔 𝒎𝒎
250
20 450 + (20)
3

L 6000 703270(𝐶𝑏) 703270(1.0)

= = 𝟓𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝟒 = = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟐𝟓𝟐
rt 119.346 𝐹𝑦 248

703270(𝐶𝑏) L
since = 53.252 > = 50.274
𝐹𝑦 rt

∴ 𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒎
 Then:
82740 𝐶𝑏 82740 (1.0)
𝐹𝑏 = 𝑑 = 540 = 𝟐𝟐𝟗. 𝟖𝟑𝟑 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝐿 6000 450×20
𝐴𝑓
Fy = 248 MPa
Cb = 1.0
𝐿𝐶 = 5715.006
𝐹𝑏 = 0.6 𝐹𝑦 = 0.6 248 = 𝟏𝟒𝟖. 𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂

Since
229.833 𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 148.8 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆: 𝑭𝒃 = 𝟏𝟒𝟖. 𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂

 B. For a length of 4m.
L = 4000 mm < 𝐿𝐶 ∴ 𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝑺𝒖𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒅
bf 450
Fy = 248 = 𝟏𝟕𝟕. 𝟏𝟔𝟓 > 𝟏𝟕𝟎
2tf 2 20
Fy = 248 MPa
Cb = 1.0 d 540
𝐿𝐶 = 5715.006 Fy = 248 = 𝟒𝟐𝟓. 𝟏𝟗𝟔 < 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟎
tw 20
∴ 𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒕 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
Then use:
bf
𝐹𝑏 = 0.79 − 0.000762 Fy Fy
2tf

𝐹𝑏 = 0.79 − 0.000762 177.165 248 = 𝟏𝟔𝟐. 𝟒𝟒𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

Therefore:
𝑭𝒃 = 𝟏𝟔𝟐. 𝟒𝟒𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂
 C. For a length of 10 m.
L = 10000 mm > 𝐿𝐶 ∴ 𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝑼𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒅
𝐿 10,000
= = 𝟖𝟑. 𝟕𝟗𝟎
𝑟𝑡 119.346

Fy = 248 MPa
Cb = 1.0 703270(𝐶𝑏) 703270(1.0)
= = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟐𝟓𝟐
𝐿𝐶 = 5715.006 𝐹𝑦 248
rt = 119.346 𝑚𝑚
3516330(𝐶𝑏) 3516330(1.0)
= = 𝟏𝟏𝟗. 𝟎𝟕𝟓
𝐹𝑦 248

703270(𝐶𝑏) L 3516330(𝐶𝑏)
since < <
𝐹𝑦 rt 𝐹𝑦

∴ 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒎
 Then:
𝐿 2
2 𝐹𝑦 2 248 83.790 2
𝐹𝑏 = − 𝑟𝑡 𝐹𝑦 = − 248 = 𝟏𝟐𝟒. 𝟒𝟎𝟒 𝑴𝑷𝒂
3 10.55 × 106 𝐶𝑏 3 10.55 × 106 (1.0)

Fy = 248 MPa
Cb = 1.0
82740 𝐶𝑏 82740 (1.0)
𝐹𝑏 = = = 𝟏𝟑𝟕. 𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝐿𝐶 = 5715.006 𝑑 540
𝐿 10,000
rt = 119.346 𝑚𝑚 𝐴𝑓 450 × 20

𝐹𝑏 = 0.6 𝐹𝑦 = 0.6 248 = 𝟏𝟒𝟖. 𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝟏𝟑𝟕. 𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂 < 𝟏𝟒𝟖. 𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆: 𝑭𝒃 = 𝟏𝟑𝟕. 𝟗𝟎𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂

Problem No. 2
A beam has a length of 14 m and is not restrained against
lateral buckling. The beam is A36 steel with yield strength
of Fy = 248 MPa. The beam is a W 21 x 248 steel shape
whose properties are as follows:
w = 369.4 kg/m bf = 324.5 mm
A = 46.968 mm2 tf = 50.5 mm
d = 603 mm rt = 87.63 mm
tw = 27.9 mm Sx = 9,332.4 x103 mm3

a. Determine the bending coefficient due to moment acting on the

beam.
b. Determine the allowable Flexural stress in the compression.
c. Determine the permissible value of Moment.
GIVEN

L = 14m
Solution
Fy = 248 MPa
w = 369.4 kg/m
bf = 324.5 mm
A = 46.968 mm2
tf = 50.5 mm A. Bending Coefficient
d = 603 mm
rt = 87.63 mm 2
tw = 27.9 mm
Sx = 9,332.4 x103 mm3
𝑀1 𝑀1
𝐶𝑏 = 1.75 + 1.05 + 0.3
𝑀2 𝑀2

𝑪𝒃 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟓
GIVEN B. Allowable Flexural Stress.
L = 14m
Fy = 248 MPa
w = 369.4 kg/m 𝐿 14,000
bf = 324.5 mm = = 𝟏𝟓𝟗. 𝟕𝟔𝟑
A = 46.968 mm2
𝑟𝑡 87.63
tf = 50.5 mm
d = 603 mm
rt = 87.63 mm
tw = 27.9 mm 703270(𝐶𝑏) 703270(1.75)
Sx = 9,332.4 x103 mm3 = = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟔
𝐹𝑦 248
Cb= 1.75

3516330(𝐶𝑏) 3516330(1.75)
= = 𝟏𝟓𝟕. 𝟓𝟐𝟏
𝐹𝑦 248

703270 𝐶𝑏 L 3516330 𝐶𝑏
since < >
𝐹𝑦 rt 𝐹𝑦

∴ 𝑳𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒎
GIVEN
Then :
L = 14m
Fy = 248 MPa
w = 369.4 kg/m 1172100 𝐶𝑏 1172100 (1.75)
bf = 324.5 mm 𝐹𝑏 = 2 = = 𝟖𝟎. 𝟑𝟔𝟐 𝑴𝑷𝒂
A = 46.968 mm2 𝐿 159.763 2
tf = 50.5 mm
d = 603 mm 𝑟𝑡
rt = 87.63 mm
tw = 27.9 mm
Sx = 9,332.4 x103 mm3 82740 𝐶𝑏 82740 (1.75)
𝐹𝑏 = = = 𝟐𝟖𝟏. 𝟎𝟕𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂
Cb= 1.75 𝑑 603
𝐿 14,000
𝐴𝑓 324.5 × 50.5

𝐹𝑏 = 0.6 𝐹𝑦 = 0.6 248 = 𝟏𝟒𝟖. 𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂

Since:
281.070 𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 148.8 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆: 𝑭𝒃 = 𝟏𝟒𝟖. 𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂

GIVEN

L = 14m
Fy = 248 MPa C. Moment
w = 369.4 kg/m
bf = 324.5 mm
A = 46.968 mm2
tf = 50.5 mm 𝑀
d = 603 mm
rt = 87.63 mm 𝐹𝑏 =
tw = 27.9 mm
Sx = 9,332.4 x103 mm3
𝑆𝑥
Cb= 1.75
Fb = 148.8 MPa
𝑀 = 𝐹𝑏 (𝑆𝑥)
𝑀 = 148.8 9332.4 𝑥103

𝑴 = 𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟖. 𝟔𝟔𝟏 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

 Problem No. 3
`A W 530 X 92 is used as a beam having a simple span
of 10m. which is laterally supported throughout its span. It
carries a superimposed load of 30kN/m distributed uniformly
throughout its span and two concentrated load P acting at 2.5m
from both ends. Use A 572 grade B steel. Fy=345.6Mpa

Properties of W 530 x 92
W = 0.907kN/m d = 533mm
bf = 209mm tf = 15.6mm
tw= 10.2mm sx= 2070x103mm3
Es= 200 000MPa Ix= 552x106
a. Determine the value of P so that it will not exceed its
allowable bending stress.
b. Determine the deflection of the beam due to its load.
GIVEN

Properties of W 530 x 92
Solution
W = 0.907kN/m
d = 533mm A. Value of P so that it will not exceeds its allowable bending stress
bf = 209mm
tf = 15.6mm 𝑏𝑓 170
tw= 10.2mm <
sx= 2070x103mm3 2𝑡𝑓 𝐹𝑦
Es= 200 000MPa
Ix= 552x106 209 170
<
L= 10m
W=30 kN/m
2(15.6) 345.6
Fy= 345.6 MPa

6.70 < 9.14 Compact Section

Use:
Fb = 0.66Fy M = FbSx
Fb = 0.66 (345.6) M = 228.10(2070)103
𝑳𝑶𝑰𝒁𝑨
Fb = 228.10MPa M = 472.2kN.m
GIVEN

Properties of W 530 x 92 M1 = 2.5P

W = 0.907kN/m
d = 533mm
bf = 209mm
tf = 15.6mm w = 30+0.907
tw= 10.2mm
sx= 2070x103mm3
w = 30.907kN/m
Es= 200 000MPa
Ix= 552x106
𝑤𝐿2 30.907(10)2
L= 10m 𝑀2 = = = 386.34kN/m
W=30 kN/m 8 8
Fy= 345.6 Mpa
M = 472.2kN.m

𝑀 = 𝑀1 + 𝑀2

𝑀 = 2.5𝑃 + 386.34
472.2 = 2.5𝑃 + 386.34

P = 34.34kN
GIVEN

Properties of W 530 x 92
W = 0.907kN/m
d = 533mm B. Deflection of the beam
bf = 209mm
tf = 15.6mm
tw= 10.2mm
sx= 2070x103mm3
Es= 200 000MPa
δ = δ 1 + δ2
Ix= 552x106
171700 2 85850 2
L= 10m
2 3
5 − 2
2.5 2.5+3 2.5
W=30 kN/m δ1 =
Fy= 345.6 Mpa 𝐸𝐼
M = 472.2kN.m
δ1 = 8.91mm
983698(1000)3
δ1 = 200 000 552 106

δ1 = 8.91mm
GIVEN

Properties of W 530 x 92
W = 0.907kN/m
d = 533mm
bf = 209mm
tf = 15.6mm
tw= 10.2mm
sx= 2070x103mm3
Es= 200 000MPa
Ix= 552x106

L= 10m
W=30 kN/m
Fy= 345.6 Mpa
M = 472.2kN.m
5𝑤𝐿4 δ = δ1 + δ2
δ2 = 384𝐸𝐼

5(30907)(10)(10)3 (1000)3
δ = 8.91 + 36.45
δ2 = 384(200 000)(552𝑥106 )
δ = 45.36mm
δ2 = 36.45mm
Problem No. 4
A simply supported beam with span of 8m is subjected
to a counterclockwise moment at the left support and counter
clockwise moment at the right support equal to 150% at the left
support, acting in the plane of the minor both axis of the beam.
The beam us not restrained against lateral buckling. The beam is
A36 Steel with Fy = 248 MPa and is made of W21x62 whose
properties are:
rt = 0.053 tf = 0.016
d = 0.533 S = 0.002077
bf = 0.21

a. Determine the moment gradient of the beam

b. Solve for the allowable flexural stress in the compression flange
c. Determine the maximum value of the moment at the left support
GIVEN:

L=8m
Fy=248 MPa
Solution
Properties of W21x62
rt = 0.053
tf = 0.016 A. Moment Gradient
d = 0.533
2
S = 0.002077
bf = 0.21 𝑀1 𝑀1
𝐶𝑏 = 1.75 + 1.05 + 0.3
𝑀2 𝑀2
2
𝑀 𝑀
𝐶𝑏 = 1.75 + 1.05 + 0.3
1.5𝑀 1.5𝑀
Since :
Cb = 2.58 > 2.3

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 ∶ 𝑪𝒃 = 𝟐. 𝟑
GIVEN:

L=8m
B. Allowable Flexural Stress.
Fy=248 MPa

Properties of W21x62 𝐿 8
rt = 0.053 = = 𝟏𝟓𝟎. 𝟗𝟒
tf = 0.016 𝑟𝑡 0.053
d = 0.533
S = 0.002077
bf = 0.21

Cb= 2.3
703270(𝐶𝑏) 703270 (2.3)
= = 𝟖𝟎. 𝟕𝟔𝟏
𝐹𝑦 248

3516330(𝐶𝑏) 3516330(2.3)
= = 𝟏𝟖𝟓. 𝟖𝟔
𝐹𝑦 248

703270 𝐶𝑏 L 3516330 𝐶𝑏
since < <
𝐹𝑦 rt 𝐹𝑦

∴ 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒎
GIVEN:

L=8m
Then :
Fy=248 MPa

Properties of W21x62 𝐿 2
2 𝐹𝑦 2 (248)(150.943)2
rt = 0.053
𝐹𝑏 = − 𝑟𝑡 𝐹𝑦 = − 248 = 𝟏𝟎𝟕. 𝟓𝟖𝟒 𝑴𝑷𝒂
tf = 0.016
d = 0.533 3 10.55 × 106 𝐶𝑏 3 10.55𝑥106 (2.3)
S = 0.002077
bf = 0.21

Cb= 2.3 82740 𝐶𝑏 82740(2.3)

𝐹𝑏 = = = 𝟏𝟒𝟗. 𝟗𝟓𝟕 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑑 533
𝐿 8000(10𝑥210)
𝐴𝑓

𝐹𝑏 = 0.6 𝐹𝑦 = 0.6 248 = 𝟏𝟒𝟖. 𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂

Since:
149.957 𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 148.8 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆: 𝑭𝒃 = 𝟏𝟒𝟖. 𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂

GIVEN:

L=8m
Fy=248 MPa
C. Moment at left support
Properties of W21x62
rt = 0.053
tf = 0.016 𝑀
d = 0.533 𝐹𝑏 =
S = 0.002077 𝑆𝑥
bf = 0.21

Cb= 2.3 Mmax = 𝐹𝑏 (𝑆𝑥)

= 148.8(0.002077) 𝑥103
Fb= 148.8 MPa

𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟑𝟎𝟗. 𝟎𝟓𝟖 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

𝑀max = 1.5ML

309.058
𝑀𝐿 =
1.5

𝑴𝑳 = 206.039 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
Problem No. 5

A W310x97 of Length 6m. is used as a beam with

adequate lateral support for the compression flange. Steel use is
A 242 steel Fy = 345.6 MPa.

Properties W 310 x 97
w = 0.95 kN/m Ix = 222 x106 mm4
A = 12300 mm2 Sy = 1440 x 103 mm3
d = 308 mm bf = 305 mm
tf = 15.4 mm tw = 9.9 mm

a. Determine the allowable bending stress of the beam.

b. Determine the safe concentrated load that it could
support at its mid span so that it will not exceed its
allowable bending stress.
GIVEN: Solution
L=6m
Fy=345.6 Mpa A. Allowable Bending Stress

Properties W 310 x 97
w = 0.95 kN/m bf 170
Ix = 222 x106 mm4
= for non compact
2tf 𝐹𝑦
A = 12300 mm2
bf 170 250
Sy = 1440 x 103 mm3 > < (partially compact)
d = 308 mm 2tf 𝐹𝑦 𝐹𝑦
bf = 305 mm
tf = 15.4 mm
tw = 9.9 mm 170 bf 250
Then use:
𝐹𝑦 2tf 𝐹𝑦
bf
170 305 250 𝐹𝑏 = 0.79 − 0.000762 Fy Fy
345.6 2(15.4) 345.6 2tf

9.14 < 9.9 < 13.45 Partially Compact = 0.79 − 0.000762 9.9 345.6 345.6

𝑭𝒃 = 𝟐𝟐𝟒. 𝟓𝟔𝑴𝑷𝒂
GIVEN:

L=6m b. Concentrated Load

Fy=345.6 Mpa
𝑀
Properties W 310 x 97
𝐹𝑏 =
w = 0.95 kN/m
Ix = 222 x106 mm4
𝑆𝑥
A = 12300 mm2
Sy = 1440 x 103 mm3
d = 308 mm M = 𝐹𝑏 (𝑆𝑥)
bf = 305 mm
tf = 15.4 mm
= 224.56(1440)(1000)
tw = 9.9 mm

M = 323.37 kN.m
𝐹𝑏 = 224.56𝑀𝑃𝑎 W = 96.8(9.81)= 950 N/m

PL WL2
M= + 8
4
P6 0.95(62 )
323.37 = 4 + 8

P = 212.73 𝒌𝑵