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Heat Exchanger Performance Analysis

The document discusses methods for estimating the performance of a heat exchanger when operating conditions differ from design conditions. It introduces effectiveness and number of transfer units (NTU) as powerful methods for determining off-design performance without having to iteratively calculate outlet temperatures. Effectiveness is defined as the actual heat transfer divided by the maximum possible heat transfer, which can be expressed in terms of temperature differences or heat capacities.

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Usama Ibrahim
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102 views7 pages

Heat Exchanger Performance Analysis

The document discusses methods for estimating the performance of a heat exchanger when operating conditions differ from design conditions. It introduces effectiveness and number of transfer units (NTU) as powerful methods for determining off-design performance without having to iteratively calculate outlet temperatures. Effectiveness is defined as the actual heat transfer divided by the maximum possible heat transfer, which can be expressed in terms of temperature differences or heat capacities.

Uploaded by

Usama Ibrahim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Heat Exchanger Performance Analysis

Lecture 5
HX Performance
• It is often necessary to estimate the performance of a heat
exchanger when the flow rates and other parameters are
changed from the design values.
• For example a heat exchanger may be designed to heat 10
kg/s of water from 30°C to 60°C using gases available at
200°C at a flow rate of 40 kg/s.
• Now it is possible to estimate the value of convective heat
transfer coefficients both inside and outside of tubes using
the flow rates and once the configurations are finalized, the
area can be estimated.
• During operation, it may become necessary to heat water
from other than design temperature and flow rates other
than the design values.
HX Performance
• It will be possible to specify only the new values of flow rates
and inlet temperatures. Using these values it will be necessary
to determine the exit temperatures
This can be done by:
(i) iterative calculations assuming values of outlet
temperature and checking the values of heat flow calculated by
equations (12.6) and (12.11) for convergence. This was tedious
in the pre-computer days. So an alternate method was used.
(ii) By using the effectiveness of the heat exchanger and the
Net Transfer Units (NTU) of the heat exchanger. This is a very
powerful method for determination of performance of heat
exchangers at off design conditions and when the outlet
temperatures are not specified.
Effectiveness
• Effectiveness is defined as the ratio of actual heat
transfer to the maximum possible heat transfer in the
heat exchanger.
• The maximum possible heat transfer is determined
using the counter flow concept such that by proper
adjustment of flow rates
either
(i) Cooling the hot fluid to the cold fluid inlet
temperature figure (a)
OR
(ii) Heating the cold fluid to the inlet temperature of the
hot fluid figure (b)
Case (i) mhch < mccc
Effectiveness
Actual heat transfer= mhch (Th1 – Th2)
Maximum possible heat transfer = mhch (Th1 – Tc1)
∴ Effectiveness = (Th1 – Th2)/(Th1 – Tc1) Case (ii) mccc < mh c h
Actual heat transfer= mccc (Tc2 – Tc1)
Maximum possible heat transfer = mccc (Th1 – Tc1)
∴ Effectiveness = (Tc2 – Tc1)/(Th1 – Tc1)

Cooling the hot fluid to the cold fluid inlet Heating the cold fluid to the inlet temperature
temperature figure (a) of the hot fluid figure (b)
Effectiveness
• The effectiveness expressions just obtained are
expressed in the terms of temperature differences.
Therefore, effectiveness can also be written as
Effectiveness = change in temperature of the minimum heat capacity
fluid/Difference between the fluid inlet temperatures
or
• In terms of heat capacities
mh ch  Thi  Tho  mc cc  Tco  Tci 
 
 mc  min (Thi  Tci )  mc  min (Thi  Tci )

Where (mc)min is the lower of the two heat capacities

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