CH3.

PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO

VARIABLES
 Pre- Assessment
1. What does x-2 =0 represent in Cartesian plane

a) Straight line parallel to x-axis b) Straight line parallel to y-axis

c) Straight line passing through origin d) none of these

2. A linear equation in 2 variables will have

a) 1 solution b) 2 solutions c) no solutions d) infinite solutions

3. If the point (5,4) lies on the graph of the equation 3y = ax + 7, then the value of a is
a) 2 b) 1 c) 4 d) 3

4. The pair of linear equations in two variables , x+3y=6 ; 4x+12y=18 represents

a) Coincident lines b) Parallel lines c) Intersecting lines d) None of the above

5. For what value of k, the pair of equations 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 and 9x + ky + 1 = 0 represent

intersecting lines
a) K5 b) k = 6 c) k = 4 d) k 12
 Pre- Assessment-
Answers
1. What does x-2 =0 represent in Cartesian plane

a) Straight line parallel to x-axis b) Straight line parallel to y-axis

c) Straight line passing through origin d) none of these

2. A linear equation in 2 variables will have

a) 1 solution b) 2 solutions c) no solutions d) infinite solutions

3. If the point (5,4) lies on the graph of the equation 3y = ax + 7, then the value of a is
a) 2 b) 1 c) 4 d) 3

4. The pair of linear equations in two variables , x+3y=6 ; 4x+12y=18 represents

a) Coincident lines b) Parallel lines c) Intersecting lines d) None of the above

5. For what value of k, the pair of equations 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 and 9x + 12y + k = 0

represent
coincident lines
a) K 5 b) k = 6 c) k = 4 d) K 12
 DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT 1:
1. Standard form of linear equation in 2 variables
2. Linear equations in 2 variables represents a --------graphically.
3. Express the following linear equations in the form ax + by + c = 0 and indicate the
values of a, b and c in y – 2 = 0
4. Find two solutions for 4x + 3y = 12
5. In a shop the cost of 2 pencils and 3 erasers is Aed.9 and the cost of 4 pencils and 6
erasers is Aed. 18. Frame two equations from the description.
6. The taxi charges in a city consist of a fixed charge together with the charge for the
distance covered. For a distance of 10 km, the charge paid is Aed105 and for a
journey of 15 km, the charge paid is Aed155. Frame two equations.
REINFORCEMENT
 Learning Objectives:

TO
• draw graphical representation of different types of solutions of a system
of equations in 2 variables.
• establish and apply the algebraic conditions for different types of
solutions.
• apply substitution/elimination method to find solutions of given pair of
linear equations
• To apply the pair of equations in real life situations
 Pair of linear equations in two variables-
(Simultaneous equations)
The general form of a pair of linear equations in two
variables x and y is;
a­1x + b­1y + c1 = 0
and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0,
where, a­1, b­1, c1, a2, b2, c2 are all real numbers.
Solutions of a pair of linear
equations
(Graphical method )
 CASE 1: Unique solution
Draw the graphs of equations 4x – 3y = 6 and x + 2y = 7 on the same Cartesian
plane.
The solution of the pair of linear equations is a unique point (3, 2) i.e. x = 3,
y = 2.
Observe the nature of

4x – 3y = 6 and x + 2y = 7
CASE 2: No solution
Draw the graph of the pair of linear equations 2x + 3y = 6
and 4x + 6y = 24.

0
Observe the nature of

2x + 3y = 6 and 4x + 6y = 24.
CASE 3: Infinite number of solutions
Draw the graphs of pair of linear equations 3x – 2y = 5
and 6x = 4y + 10
Observe the nature of

3x – 2y = 5 and 6x = 4y + 10
Take Notes:

Algebraic Conditions(Coefficient rules) to identify the nature of the solutions of a pair of linear equations:
Intersecting lines Coincident lines Parallel lines
Equations are said to be consistent if they have either
unique solution or infinitely many solution.

In the case of no solution they are called inconsistent.

In the case of infinitely many solutions the equations

are called dependent equations.
Try yourself:Relation between coefficient and nature of system of
equations
 AFL
Exercise 3.2
Class work in Book 1- Exercise 3.1-
Question 2-(iii)
Question 3 – (iii) &(iv)
Question 4- (iii)&(iv)
Question 7 graph
Question 1-(i) ,(ii) & Q 5( In graph –differentiated task after the rest of the
questions)

HW in Book 2- Exercise 3.1-

Question 2-(i) &(ii)
Question 3 – (i) , (ii)&(v)
Question 4- (i) &(ii)
Exercise 3.2
(iv) 2x – 2y – 2 = 0, 4x – 4y – 5 = 0
Ex: 3.2
7. Draw the, graphs of the equations x – y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y
– 12 = 0. Determine the coordinates of the vertices of the
triangle formed by these lines and the x-axis, and shade the
triangular region and find its area..
Represent the following equations graphically.
x + 3y = 6
and 2x – 3y = 12
Find the vertices of the triangle formed by the above two lines and the y-axis. Also find
the area of the triangle.
 Differential task-Exercise 3.2
Form the pair of linear equations of the following problems
and find their solutions graphically:
Q1.
(ii) 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost ₹50, whereas 7
pencils and 5 pens together cost ₹46. Find the cost of
one pencil and that of one pen.

(i) 10 students of class X took part in a Mathematics

quiz. If the number of girls is 4 more than the
number of boys, find the number of boys and girls
who took part in the quiz.

5. Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose length is 4 m more than

Qn 1- (ii)
Q5
Apply Algebraic Conditions to find the unknown
 AFL : (time allotted- 20 minutes)
1)Fill in the blanks:

a) If a pair of linear equations in two variables represent two coincident lines, then the
coefficient rule is ------------- .
b) Condition for unique solution is -------------
(2 marks)

2) Which of the following pairs has unique solution, no solution or infinitely many solutions? ( 4 marks)

3)
(4 marks)
Answers:
1) (a)

(b)

(2 marks)

2) (i) No solution
(ii) Unique solution
(iii)Infinitely many solutions
(iv) Unique solution
( 4 marks)

3) a= 3, b = - 4
( 4marks)
 ALGEBRAIC METHODS OF
SOLVING A PAIR OF LINEAR
EQUATIONS IN 2 VARIABLES
1. Substitution method

Go through these links and solve the questions provided in the

next slides

Substitution method
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDw2F2zvThs&feature=playe
r_embed
Differentiated tasks to introduce substitution method
SUBSTITUTION METHOD
Solve the following system by substitution.
2x – 3y = –2 …………………(1)
4x + y = 24 ………………….(2)

Equation (1)  4x + y = 24 Now x = 5 in y = –4x + 24 and solve

y = –4x + 24 for y.
y = –4(5) + 24 = –20 + 24 = 4
Now substitute y = –4x + 24 in the first Then the solution is (x, y) = (5, 4).
equation, and solve for x:

2x – 3(–4x + 24) = –2
2x + 12x – 72 = –2
14x = 70
x=5
Class work in Book 1- Exercise 3.2
Q1 (iv), (vi), (v-AFL)
Q3 (iv) , (v), (vi -AFL)

Home work work in Book 2-

Exercise 3.2
Q1 (ii), (ii), (iii)
Q3 (i) , (ii), (iii)
AFL
Let the fixed charge = Rs x and the charge per Km = Rs y

CASE 1: Distance = CASE 2: Distance =

10Km 15Km
Amount paid = Rs Amount paid = Rs
105 155
So, x+10y=105 ----- So, x+15y=155
(1) -----(2)
(1)– (2) gives, -5y = -50 or y = 10

Substituting the value of y in (1), we get x = 5

Hence, the fixed charge = Rs 5 and the charge per Km = Rs 10

For a distance of 25Km, the amount to be paid = x+25y

=5+(25 x 10) = Rs 255
(v) A fraction becomes , if 2 is added to both the numerator
and the denominator. If, 3 is added to both the numerator
and the denominator it becomes . Find the fraction.
Let numerator of the required fraction be
and its denominator be

CASE 1 CASE 2
New numerator = New numerator =
New denominator = New denominator =

According to question, According to question,

Solving for and from equations 1 and 2,

,
Therefore, the required fraction is .
 AFL
vi) Five years hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his son. Five
years ago, Jacob’s age was seven times that of his son. What are their present
ages?
Let present age of Jacob be
and let present age of his son be

5 years ago 5 years after

Age of Jacob = Age of Jacob =
Age of his son = Age of his son =

According to question, According to question,

age of Jacob = 7 × Son’s age Age of Jacob = 3 × Son’s

– (1) – (2)

Solving for and from equations 1 and 2,

,

Therefore, the ages of Jacob and his son are 40 and 10, respectively.
 2. Elimination Method

Elimination method part 1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHSLKmyyxHA&feature=related

Elimination method part 2

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIBb7YR0FHQ&feature=related
Differentiated task for elimination
method
 ELIMINATION METHOD
Solve the following system by substitution.
2x – 3y = –2 …………………(1)
4x + y = 24 ………………….(2)
Equation (1)  2x – 3y = –2
Equation (2) x 3  12x + 3y = 72
Pair of linear equations in two
variables-
ELIMINATION METHOD
Solve the following system by substitution.
2x – 3y = –2 …………………(1)
4x + y = 24 ………………….(2)
Equation (1)  2x – 3y = –2
Equation (2) x 3  12x + 3y = 72

Adding (1) & (2) we get, 14 x = 70

x=5
Pair of linear equations in two
variables-
ELIMINATION METHOD
Solve the following system by substitution.
2x – 3y = –2 …………………(1)
4x + y = 24 ………………….(2)
Equation (1)  2x – 3y = –2
Equation (2) x 3  12x + 3y = 72

Adding (1) & (2) we get, 14 x = 70

x=5

Substituting x = 5 in eqn (2) Answer: x = 5, y = 4

4(5) + y = 24
y = 24 – 20
y=4
Class work in Book 1- Exercise 3.3
Q1 (iii) & (iv)
Q2 (iii) (iv) & (v)

Home work in Book 2- Exercise 3.3

Q1 (i) & (ii)
Q2 (i) & (ii)
Q2.
Equations are
Q2. iv) Meena went to a bank to withdraw Rs.2000.
She asked the cashier to give Rs. 50 and Rs. 100
notes only . Meena got 25 notes in all . Find how
many notes of Rs.50 and Rs.100 she received.
Let number of Rs. 50 notes = x and
the number of Rs. 100 notes = y

First condition says that the total number of notes = 25

So, x+y = 25 ------ (1) and x = 25 – y
Total amount only in Rs. 50 notes = 50x
Total amount only in Rs. 100 notes = 100y

2nd condition says that the total amount she withdrew=Rs

2000
So, 50x + 100y = 2000------(2)
(2) ⇒ 50(25-y) + 100y = 2000 ⇒ 50×25 - 50y+100y=2000

⇒1250 +50y = 2000⇒ 50y = 2000-

1250 = 750
⇒ y = 750/50 = 15 and x = 25-y = 25
Qn (v)

A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three

days and an additional charge for each day thereafter.
Saritha paid Rs 27 for a book kept for seven days,
while Susy paid Rs 21 for the book she kept for five
days. Find the fixed charge and the charge for each
extra day
Let the fixed charge for first 3 days= Rs x
and the charge per day thereafter = Rs y
CASE 1: No. of days = CASE 2: No. of days =
7 5
Amount paid by Saritha = Amount paid by Susy=
Rs 27 Rs 21
So, x+4y=27 -----(1) So, x+2y=21 -----
(1)– (2) gives, 2y = 6 or y =(2)
3
Substituting the value of y in (1), we get x = 15

Hence, the fixed charge for first 3 days = Rs 15

and
the charge per day thereafter = Rs 3
SPECIAL METHOD OF SOLVING
Special type: (Add and subtract method)
Example:
Solve : 31 x + 23 y = 39 ---------(1)
and 23 x + 31 y = 15 ---------(2)
• Solve : 31 x + 23 y = 39 ---------(1) and 23 x + 31 y = 15 ---------(2)

• (1) + (2) 31 x + 23 y = 39
• 23 x + 31 y = 15
• 54 x + 54 y = 54

• On dividing throughout with 54 gives x + y = 1 --------(3)

•
• (1) – (2) 31 x + 23 y = 39
• 23 x + 31 y = 15
• 8 x - 8 y = 24
• On dividing throughout with 8 gives x – y = 3 ---------(4)

• On solving (3) & (4) , we will get x = 2 and y = -1

Try yourself:
1) 89x + 63y = 241 and 63x + 89 y = 215
HOME WORK: ADD AND SUBTRACT METHOD

SOLVE THE FOLLOWING:

1) 217x +131y =827 and 131x +217y =913

2) 152 x -378y =-74 and -378x +152y = -604

3) 23x -29y = 68 and 29x -23y = 140

Answers:
• 1) x = 2 , y = 1
• 2) x = 2 , y = 3
HW

1) 152 x -378y =-74 and -378x +152y = -604

2) 23x -29y = 68 and 29x -23y = 140

• Ans:
1) x = 2, y = 1
2) X = 8, y= 4
 ASSERTION &
REASON
1. Assertion: If a pair of linear equations is consistent, then the lines
are intersecting or coincident
Reason: Because the two lines definitely have a solution.
(a) both assertion and reason are correct and reason is correct
explanation for assertion
(b) both assertion and reason are correct but reason is correct
explanation for assertion
(c) assertion is correct but reason is false
(d) both assertion and reason are false
2. Assertion: If the lines 3x+2ky – 2 = 0 and 2x+5y+1 = 0 are parallel,
then the value of k is
Reason: The condition for parallel lines is

(a) both assertion and reason are correct and reason is correct
explanation for assertion
(b) both assertion and reason are correct but reason is correct
explanation for assertion
(c) assertion is correct but reason is false
(d) both assertion and reason are false
3. Assertion: The pairs of equations x+2y-5 = 0 and -4x-8y+20=0 have
infinitely many solutions.
Reason: if then the pair of equations has infinitely many solutions.

(a) both assertion and reason are correct and reason is correct explanation
for assertion
(b) both assertion and reason are correct but reason is correct explanation
for assertion
(c )assertion is correct but reason is false
(d) both assertion and reason are false
• 4. Assertion: If the pair of lines are intersecting, then we say that pair of
lines is consistent and it has a unique solution.

Reason: If the pair of lines are parallel, then the pairs has no solution
and is called inconsistent pair of equations.

• (a) both assertion and reason are correct and reason is correct explanation
for assertion
• (b) both assertion and reason are correct but reason is not the correct
explanation for assertion
• (c) assertion is correct but reason is false
• (d) both assertion and reason are false
5. Assertion: The angles of cyclic quadrilaterals ABCD are: A = (6x+10),
B=(5x)°, C = (x+y)° and D=(3y-10)°. The value of x and y is 20° and 30°
Reason: in cyclic quadrilaterals, the sum of the opposite angles are
180°.
(a) both assertion and reason are correct and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.
(b) both assertion and reason are correct but reason is not the correct
explanation for assertion.
(c) assertion is correct but reason is false.
(d) both assertion and reason are false.
Activity : To obtain consistency and
inconsistency of pair of Linear Equations in
two variables by graphical method.

https://www.cbsetuts.com/ncert-class-10-ma
ths-lab-manual-linear-equations/

Do the activity in the notebook

POST- ASSESSMENT – Pair Of Linear Equations In Two Variables
1. For the given pairs of equations, without actually drawing the graph, tell whether the pair of lines will

6𝑥 + 10 𝑦 = 20 ; 5𝑥 + 19 𝑦 = 6
intersect, coincide or be parallel?
(1)
2.

(2)

3. If 31x +43y = 117 and 43x +31y = 105 then find the value of x – y. (2)

4. Five years hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his son. Five years ago, Jacob’s age
was seven times that of his son. What are their present ages?
OR
A part of monthly hostel charges is fixed and the remaining depends on the number of days one
has taken food in the mess. When a student A takes food for 20 days she has to pay ₹ 1000 as
hostel charges whereas a student B, who takes food for 26 days, pays ₹ 1180 as hostel charges .
Find the fixed charges and the cost of food per day. (5)
Answers:
1. Intersecting
2. k = 2
3. x = 1, y = 2
4. x = 40, y – 10
OR x = 400, y = 3
Watch the video ( Plenary)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6cTEowl1kg