Wollo University

KIoT
College of Informatics
Department of Information System
.

Introduction to Emerging Technology

(EmTe 1012)

Chapter Five:
.

Augmented Reality

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 Outline
Overview of Augmented Reality
Virtual Reality (VR),

Augmented Reality (AR) and

Mixed Reality (MR)

Architecture of AR Systems

Application of AR Systems

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 Overview of Augmented Reality
AR is a form of emerging technology that
allows users to overlay computer generated
content in the real world.
AR refers to a live view of a physical real-
world environment whose elements are
merged with augmented computer-generated
images
The augmentation is done in real-time.

AR is a real-time view of a physical real-world

environment by adding virtual computer-
generated information to it through sensory
input such as sound, video or graphics data.
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Cont.…
In AR, users can see the real world while
digital content is added to it.
To practice AR,
AR you can use
 special AR headsets,
headsets such as Google Glass,
Glass
where digital content is displayed on a tiny
screen in front of a user’s eye.
eye
 a modern smartphone and download an AR
app,
app where AR adds digital elements to a live
view by using the camera.
camera Examples:
Snapchat lenses

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 Virtual Reality (VR)
VR is fully immersive that tricks your senses into

thinking you’re in a different env’t or world apart

from real world.
world
It is also called a computer-simulated reality because

it creates a totally artificial environment,

environment
Using a head-mounted display (HMD) or headset,
headset
you will experience a computer-generated world of
imagery and sounds in which you can operate objects
and move around using haptic controllers while tied
to PC.
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Cont.…
It refers to computer technologies using reality

headsets to generate realistic sounds, images and

other sensations that replicate a real
environment or create an imaginary world.
world
Advanced VR environment will engage all five

senses (taste, sight, smell, touch, sound),

It is important to say that this is not always

possible.
Advanced VR also provide freedom of movement

(moving in digital world)

world & special hand controllers.6
Cont.…
Most VR headsets are connected to a
computer (Oculus Rift)
Rift or gaming console
(PlayStation VR)
VR
But there are standalone devices
(Google Cardboard)
Cardboard as well.
Most standalone VR headsets work in
combination with smartphones (you insert a
smartphone and wear a headset.
headset

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 Mixed Reality (MR)
It referred to as hybrid reality, is the merging of
real and virtual worlds to produce new
environments and visualizations where physical
and digital objects co-exist and interact in real-
time.
time
 It means placing new imagery within a real space

thus, the new imagery is able to interact with what

is real in the physical world we know.
The key characteristic of MR is that the artificial
content and the real-world content are able to
react to each other in real-time. 8
Cont.…
In MR, you interact with and manipulate
both physical and virtual items and
environments in real-time.
real-time
In MR you can even interact with a virtual
environment using your own hands all
without ever removing your headset.
 MR hardware is still emerging and hasn’t
available in market, most likely due to the
price.

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 VR Vs. AR Vs. MR
VR, AR,
AR & MR technology is becoming more &
more prominent

Some overlap in the applications and

functions of these emerging technologies,
technologies
sometimes these terms get confused or are
used incorrectly.
incorrectly

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 Deference between AR, VR & MR
Unlike VR, AR uses the existing environment
and overlays new information on top of it.
 It allows users to join computer-generated content
in the real world.
VR creates a totally artificial environment,
environment
tricks your senses into thinking you’re in a
different world apart from the real world
MR is the merging of real and virtual worlds to
produce new environments and visualizations
new imagery (physical and digital objects)
objects co-
exist and interact in real-time.
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 Architecture of AR Systems
The ARS architecture were designed with
three main blocks:
blocks

1) Infrastructure Tracker Unit: responsible

for collecting data from the real world,
world
sending them to the Processing Unit

2) Processing Unit: responsible for mixed

the virtual content with the real content and
sent the result to the Visual Unit

3) Visual Unit: responsible for displaying

the result in Video Out module.
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ARS standard architecture

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Cont.…
Depending on visualization technology

Visual Unit can be classified into two types:

1. Video see-through: uses a Head-Mounted
Display (HMD) that employs a video-mixing
and displays the merged images on a closed-
view HMD.
HMD

2. Optical see-through: uses an HMD that

employ optical combiners to merge the
images within an open-view HMD.
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 Applications of AR Systems
AR IN EDUCATION
It allows flexibility in use that is attractive to
education.
education
It can be utilized through a variety of
mediums including desktops and mobile devices
AR can be used to: -
enhance content & instruction within
traditional classroom,
classroom
extend content into the world outside the
classroom,
be combined with other technologies to
enrich their individual applications.
applications
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 Cont.…
Reasons for using AR in education are: -
Affordable learning materials: - AR allows for
avoiding investments in physical materials.
materials
Interactive lessons: - AR allows students can
view models on their own smartphones and get a
better idea of the concepts they are studying.
Higher engagement: - AR attract the attention
of students and make lessons more effective.
effective
Higher retention: - AR allows students getting
access to augmented models that represent real
objects.
objects
Thus, students use different senses and retain more
knowledge for a long time.
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 AR In Medicine
AR play a big role in improving the
healthcare industry.
industry
It enhancing medicine and healthcare
towards more safety and efficiency.
efficiency
AR made significant changes in following
medical areas:
surgery (minimally invasive surgery);
education of future doctors;
doctors
diagnostics;
diagnostics
detect the signs of mental illnesses such as
depression and other by reading from facial
expressions,
expressions voice tones,
tones and physical signs.
signs
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In medicine, AR has the following applications:
Describing symptoms: - medical app
(AyeDecide) is using AR to helps patients to
understand their conditions and describe correctly
their symptoms.
Nursing care – medical app AccuVein handheld
scanner projects on the skin ) uses AR to shows the
patients’ veins.
Surgery – 3D reconstructions of organs will help
surgeons become more efficient at surgery
operations.
Ultrasounds - AR software companies developed
handy ultrasound scanner, it help in the ambulance.
ambulance
Diabetes management - Google Contact Lens
measure the glucose levels in the tears.
Navigation - AR in navigation apps provide
information about the nearest hospitals. 18
Cont.…
Generally, AR provides the following
benefits to patients and healthcare
workers:
workers
Reduce the risks associated with
minimally invasive surgery.
surgery
Better informed decisions about the
right treatment and illness prevention.
Make procedures more tolerable.
tolerable
Better aftercare
Medical training and education.
education
Assistance in medical procedures and
routine tasks.
tasks 19
 AR In Entertainment
AR can used in various entertainment industries: -
AR in games - the AR games were increasing
physical activity in people( you have to move around to
find your target).
target Example: Pokémon.
Pokémon
AR in music - AR providing complete information on
the track or its performer such as, the performers’
bios,
bios the lyrics of the song or the music video
AR on TV - integrating AR in TV is adding
supplementary information to what is going on the TV
screen – such as match scores,
scores betting options ...
AR in e-sports - AR turns e-sports shows into
interactive experiences allowing watchers to become
participants.
participants
AR in the theatre – AR overlay virtual objects over
the real environment. Example: subtitling in shows.

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