UNITWISE PRBLEMS OF ENGINEERING DRAWING PREPARED BY MR. R. K. KHEDLE AND MR. TEJKARAN NAROLIA MECHANICAL DEPTT.

SISTEC-E BHOPAL M.P. www.sistec.ac.in

UNIT I SCALE & CONIC SECTION Q.1. A container of 1000m3 volume is represented by a block of 125 cm3 volume. Find R.F. and construct a scale to measure up to 30 m. Measure a distance of 19 m on the scale. An aeroplane is flying at a speed of 360 km/hr. Draw a diagonal scale to represent 6 km by 1 cm and to show distance upto 60 km. Find the R.F. of the scale and find from the scale the distance covered by the aeroplane in : a. 3 minutes 22 seconds b. 7 minutes 49 seconds 1% of the area of a plot measuring 50 m x 50 m is used to construct a square room. Construct a scale of R.F. 1:100 to show the plan of the square room and using this scale show the plan of the room. A rectangular plot of land area 0.45 hectare is represented on a map by a similar rectangle of 5 square centimeters. Calculate the R.F. of the scale of the map. Also draw the scale long enough to measure upto 400 meters and to read upto single metres from the map. The area of a field is 50000 sq.m. The length and breadth of the field, on the map is 15 cm and 8 cm respectively. Construct a diagonal scale which can read upto one meter. Mark a length of 346 meter on the scale. The distance between two station A and B is 144 kms and is covered by train in 4 hrs. Draw a plain scale to measure the time upto single minute. R.F. of the scale is 1:240000. Calculate the distance covered by the train in 45 minutes and show minutes on the scale. On a map, the distance between two points is 14 cm. The real distance is 20 km. Draw a diagonal scale of this map to read km and hectometers and to measure upto 25 km. Show a distance of 17.6 km on this scale. A 3.2 cm long line represents a length of 4 metres. Extend this line to measure lengths upto 25 metres and show on it units of metre and 5 metres. Show the length of 17 m on this scale. On a building plan a line 15 cm long represents a distance of 300 metres. Calculate its R.f. (representative fraction). Construct a diagonal scale to read upto 300 metres, showing single meter by diagonal divisions. Indicate the following distance on this scale : 245,160,70 and 8 meters.

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Trace the locus of a point, such that the difference between the distances of the point form the two fixed points 80 mm apart is constant which is equal to 60 mm. Name the curve. An area of 144 square cm on a map represent an area of 36 sq. km on the field. Find the R.F. of the scale for this map and draw a diagonal scale to show kilometer, hectometer and decameter so as to measure upto 7 km. Show a distance of 7.54 km on

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it. Q.12. The distance between two towns is 120 km. A passenger train covers this distance in 4 hours. Construct a scale to measure off the distance covered by the train in a single minute and upto 1 hour. The R.F. of the scale is 1:200000. Show the distance covered by the train in 36 minutes Draw the locus of a point of the circumference of a bicycle wheel of diameter 600 mm for its complete revolution when it passes over a segmental arched culvert of radius 1800 mm.

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Trace the paths of the ends of a straight line AP, 100 mm long, when it rolls, without slipping, on a semi- circle having its diameter AB, 75 mm long. (Assume the line AP to be tangent to the semicircle in the starting position). In alogarithmic spiral, the shortest radius is 40 mm. The length of adjacent vectors enclosing 30o are in the ratio 9:8. Construct one revolution of the Draw a tangent to the spiral at any point on it. radius spiral.

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A fountain jet discharges water from ground level at an inclination of 50o to the ground. The jet travels a horizontal distance of 8 m from the point of discharge and falls on the ground. Trace the path of the jet. Name the curve. Draw the curve generated by a point on the circumference of a circle of radius 35 mm, which rolls inside another circle of 70 mm radius for one revolution. Name the curve. Draw tangent and normal at any point on it. Draw an Archemedian spiral of 1 convolutions, the greatest and least radii being of 115 mm and 15 mm respectively. Draw a tangent and a normal to the spiral at a point 65 mm from the pole. PQ is a rope 1.4 metres long, tied to a peg at Q. Keeping it always tight, the rope wound around the pole O. Draw the curve traced out by the end P. Assume scale 1:10. is

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A link OA, 80 mm long rotates about O in anticlockwise direction. A point M on the link, 20 mm away from O moves and reaches the end A, while the link has rotated through 2/5 of a revolution. Assuming the movements of the link and the point to be uniform, trace the path of the point M. The major axis and minor axis for an ellipse are 110 mm and 60 mm. Construct the ellipse by concentric circles method.

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Q.22. A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls on another circle of 175 mm diameter on the outside. Draw the curve traced out by a point on the rolling circle. Also, draw a set of tangent and normal on a suitable point on the curve.

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A ball is thrown up in air from a building 6 meters high and at its highest pint of flight it just crosses palm tree 12 metres high. Trace the path of the ball if the distance between building and palm tree is 3 metres. Choose suitable scale. Construct a parabola given the base 100 mm and height 80 mm by Tangent method. A line rolls over a square of 30 mm side without slipping, draw the curve traced out by a point on the line. Name the curve. A fixed pint is 75 mm from a straight line. Draw the locus of a pint P moving such a way that its distance from the fixed straight line is equal to its distance from the fixed point. Name the curve generated. UNIT II ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

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A line AB 75 mm long has one of its ends 50 mm infront of VP and 15 mm above HP. The top view of the line is 50 mm long. The other end is 15 mm infront of VP and is above HP. Draw the views and determine the true inclinations. A straight line AB, equally inclined to HP and VP has its end A in front of VP and 20 mm above HP. Has its end A in front of VP and 20 mm above H.P. End B is behind VP and 40 mm below HP. A point on this line is in VP and 10 mm below HP. The distance between the end projectors is 60 mm. A wireless aerial tower 20 m high is tied at top by two guy ropes having angles of depression of 30o and 45o. The other end of guy ropes are connected to two poles at heights of 5 m and 2.5 m respectively. The two poles are 12m apart. Draw projections of the arrangement and determine lengths of guy ropes. The front view of a line AB makes an angle of 30o with xy line. The HT of the line is 45 mm in front of VP while its VT is 30 mm below the HP. End A is 12 mm above HP and end B is 105 mm in front of VP. Draw the projections of the line and find its true length, inclinations with HP and VP. A room is 6x5x3.5 m high. An electric bulb B is above the centre of the longer wall and 1 m below the ceiling. The bulb B is 35 cm away from the longer wall. The switch S for the light is 1.25 m above the floor on the centre of the adjacent wall. Determine graphically, the shortest distance between the bulb B and the switch S. . The end A of line AB is in HP and 25 mm behind VP. The end B is in the VP and 50 mm above HP. The distance between the end projectors is 75 mm. Draw the projections of AB and determine its true length. A line CD 80 mm long is inclined at 45o to HP and 30o to the VP, its end C is in HP and 40 mm in front of VP. Draw the projections. The front view of a 75 mm long line measures 55mm. The line is parallel to the HP and one of its ends is in the VP and 25 mm below the HP. Draw the projection of line and determine its inclination with the VP. A straight line AB 55 mm long makes an angle of 30o with HP and 45o with the VP. The end A is 12 mm in front of VP and 15 mm above HP. Draw the projections.

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A line AB 90 mm long is inclined at 45o to HP and its top view makes an angle of 60o with VP. The end A is in the HP and 12 mm infront of VP. Draw its front view and find its true inclination with VP. Locate its traces also. The top view of a 7.5 mm long line PQ measures 65 mm, while the length of its front view is 50 mm, its one end P is 15 mm above HP and 15 mm infront of VP. Draw the projections of line PQ and determine its inclination with HP and VP. The front view of a line PQ marks an angle 30o with XY line (ground line). The HT of the line is 15 mm behind VP while its VT is 30 mm above HP. The end P of the line is 10 mm below HP and the end Q is in the first quadrant. The line is 150 mm long. Draw the projections of the line and determine the true length of the projections of the line, which is in second quadrant. Also find the angle of the line which is HP and VP.

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A line AB 65 mm long has its end A 20 mm above the HP and 25 mm in front of the VP, the end B is 40 mm above Hp and 65 mm in front of the VP. Draw the projections of AB. Show its inclination to HP and VP. Locate its traces. The distance from the end projections of a line PQ is 50 mm. A point P is 29 mm above HP and 22 mm behind VP while a point Q is 40 mm below HP and 30 mm in front of VP. Draw the projections of the line and determine the true length and the true inclinations which is HP and VP. A thin 30o 60o set square has its longest edge in VP and inclined at 30o to the HP. Its surface make an angle of 45o to the VP. Draw its projections. A line PQ 100 mm long in inclined at 30o to the HP and at 45o to the VP. Its mid point is in the VP and 20 mm above HP. Draw its projections if its end P is in third quadrant and Q in the first quadrant. The projectors of the ends of a lien are 5 cm apart. The end A is 2 cm above HP and 3 cm in front of the VP. The end B is 1 cm below the HP and 4 cm behind VP. Determine the true length and traces of AB and its inclination with the two planes. The projectors of the ends of a line AB are 6 cm apart. The end A is 2.5 cm above HP and 3 cm in front of the VP. The end B is 2 cm below HP and 4 cm behind the VP. Determine the true length and traces of AB and inclinations with the two planes. Locate the traces of the line also. Draw the projections of a line PQ 65 mm long which is inclined at 45o to HP and 30o to VP. The point P is on HP and point Q is on VP. It is rotated through 20o from the previous position towards VP. Determine the inclinations of the line with VP after rotation.

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UNIT III PROJECTION OF PLANE AND SOLID Q.1. Q.2. A regular pentagon of 25 mm side has one side on the ground. Its plane inclined at 45o to the HP and perpendicular to the VP. Draw its projection and show its traces. Draw the projection of a circle of 5 cm diameter having its plane inclined at 30o to the VP its centre is 3 cm above the HP and 2 cm in front of VP. Draw its projection. A square ABCD of 50 mm side has its corner A in the HP, its diagonal AC inclined o o at 30 and the diagonal BD inclined at 45 to the VP and parallel to the HP. Draw its projection. A regular hexagon of 25 mm side having one of its sides in HP, inclined at 60o to the VP, and the surface making an angle of 45o to the VP and. Draw its projection. A thin 30o 60o set square has its longest edge in the VP and inclined at 30o to the HP its surface make an angle of 45o to the VP. Draw its projection. A circular plate of negligible thickness and 50 mm diameter appears as an ellipse in the front view having its major axis 50 mm long and minor axis 30 mm long draw its top view when the major axis of the ellipse is horizontal. A semi circular plate 80 mm diameter has its straight edge in the VP and inclined at 45o to the HP. The surface of the plate makes an angle of 30o with the VP. Draw its projection. Draw the projection of rhombus having diagonals 125 mm and 50 mm long the smaller diagonal of which is parallel to both the principal plane while the other is inclined at 30o to the HP. Draw the projection of a circle of 50 mm diameter resting in the HP on a point A on the circumference, its plane inclined at 45o to the HP and a. The top view of the diameter AB making 30o angle with the VP, b. The diameter AB making 30o with the VP. A thin rectangular plate of side 60 mm x 30 mm has its shorter side in the VP and inclined at 30o to the HP project its top view if its front view is a square of 30 mm long sides. Draw the projection of a pentagonal prism base 25 mm side and axis 50 mm long resting on one its rectangular faces on the HP, with its axis incline 45o to the VP. A hexagonal pyramid, base 25 mm side an axis 50 mm long, has an edge of its base on the ground its axis inclined at 30o to the ground and parallel to the ground. Draw its projection. A square prism base 40 mm side and height 65 mm has its axis inclined at 45o to the HP has an edge of its base, on the HP and inclined 30o to the VP.Draw its projection.

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Draw the projection of a cone base 45 mm diameter and axis 50 mm long when its resting on the ground. On a point on its base circle with the axis making an angle of 30o with an HP and 45o with VP. A square pyramid base 38 mm side and axis 50 mm long is freely suspended from one of its corner of its base draw its projection when the axis as a vertical plane makes an angle of 45O with the VP (C.G = of length of the axis from the base). Draw the projection of cube of 25 mm long edge resting on the HP on one of its corner with the solid diagonal perpendicular to the VP. The top view of solid diagonal is perpendicular to XY line then project the front view. Pentagonal prism is resting on one of its corner of its base on the HP the longer edge o containing that corner is inclined at 45 to the HP. The axis of the prism makes an angel of 30o to the VP. Draw the projection of solid. A brass flower-vase is spherical in shape with flat, circular top 35 cm diameter and bottom 25 cm diameter and parallel to each other. The greatest diameter is 40 cm. draw the projection of the vase when its axis is parallel to the VP and makes an angle of 60o with the ground. A tetrahedron of 75 mm long edges has one edge parallel to the HP and inclined at 45 o to the VP while a face containing that edge is vertical draw its projection. Draw the projection of a cone base 45 mm diameter and axis 50 mm long when its resting on the ground. On a point on its base circle with the aixs making an angle of 90o with an HP and 45o with VP. Draw the projection of a cone base 45 mm diameter and axis 50 mm long when its resting on the ground. On a point on its base circle with the axis freely suspended with the HP and 45o with VP.

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UNIT IV SECTION OF SOLID A cube of 35 long edges is resting on the HP on one of its faces with a vertical face inclined at 30o to the VP. It is cut by a section plane parallel to the Vp and 9 mm away from the axis and further away from the VP. Draw its sectional front view and the top view. A triangular prism, base 30 mm side and axis 50 mm long, is lying on the HP on one of its rectangular faces with its axis inclined at 30o to the VP. It is cut by horizontal section plane, at a distance o f12 mm above the ground. Draw its front view and sectional top view. A hexagonal prism, has a face on the HP and the axis parallel to the VP. It is cut by a vertical section plane, the HT of which makes an angle of 45o with xy and which cuts the axis at a point 20 mm from one of its ends. Draw its sectional front view and the true shape of the section. Side of base 25 mm long; height 65 mm A pentagonal pyramid, base 30 mm side and axis 65 mm long, has its base horizontal and an edge of the base parallel to the VP. A horizontal section plane cuts it at a distance of 25 mm above the base. Draw its front view and sectional top view. A square pyramid, base 40 mm side and axis 65 mm long, has its base on the HP and all the edges of the base equally inclined to the Vp. It is cut by a section plane, perpendicular to the VP, inclined at 45o to the HP and bisecting the axis. Draw its sectional top view, sectional side view and true shape of the section. A cylinder of 40 mm diameter, 60 mm height and having its axis vertical, is cut by a section plane, perpendicular to the VP, inclined at 45o to the HP and intersecting the axis 32 mm above the base. Draw its front view, sectional top view, sectional side view and true shape of the section. A right circular cone base 50 mm diameter and height 60 mm long is resting on HP on its base. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to both the Hp and 10 mm away from the axis. Draw its front view, top view and sectional side view. Name the curve obtained as a section1. A cone base 75 mm diameter and axis 80 mm long is resting on its base on the HP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to the VP and inclined at 45o to the HP and cutting axis at a point 35 mm from the apex. Draw its front view, sectional top view and true shape of the section. A rectangular block of 66 x 48 x 22 mm dimensions has a rectangular hole 40 x 20 mm cut centrally through it. It rests on its base in HP. A section plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 45o to HP passes through the top end of the axis in front view. Draw its front view, sectional top view and true shape of the section. A hollow right circular cone made of paper is opened out and the development is a semicircle of 50 mm radius. A full circle of the largest possible size is drawn in ink inside this semicircle and the paper is folded back to its shape of cone. Draw the top view and front view of the cone keeping it in simple position and show the ink line in these views. Draw the projections of a cone resting on the ground on its base and show on them. The shortest path by which a point P starting from a pint on the circumference of the base and moving around the cone will return to the same point. Base of the cone is 65 mm diameter and axis is 75 mm long. A frustum of a square pyramid has its base 50 mm side, top 25 mm side and height 75 mm long. Draw development of its lateral surface. Also draw the projections of the

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line joining the mid point of a top edge of one face with the mid point of the bottom edge of the opposite face by the shortest path. The projections of a solid composed at a trunced half cylinder and a cut half prism are shown in fig. Draw the development of its lateral surface.
30o Stem

60

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A right circular cylinder of diameter 60 mm and height 90 mm, resting on its base in HP. It is completely penetrated by another cylinder of diameter 50 mm and 90 mm long such that their axes bisect each other at right angles and are parallel to VP. Draw their projections showing curves of intersection. A right circular cylinder of 75 mm diameter penetrates another cylinder of 100 mm diameter, their axes being at right angles to each other but 10 mm apart. Draw the project0ions of curves of intersection on a plane parallel to the axes of the cylinders. Two cylinder each 80 mm long and 40 mm diameter penetrate each other such that the axes bisect each other at right angles. Draw the curve of penetration.

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