FINAL YEAR PROJECT REPORT

Car Parking System

Project Advisor
Mr.Jameel Ahmad

Submitted by
Riffat Noreen 050520-030
Syeda Shaima Sani 081120-088
Khubaib Jabbar 081120-091

Department of Electrical Engineering

School of Science and Technology
University of Management and Technology
 Car parking system

Project Report submitted to the

Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Management and
Technology
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science
In
Electrical Engineering (Telecommunication)

Riffat Noreen 050520-030

Syeda Shaima Sani 081120-088
Khubaib Jabbar 081120-091
(12,aug,2011)
 Car parking System

Abstract

Automatic Car Parking System is a quick and easy to use car parking system. In
this car parking system, the arrival of the car is detected automatically and the
Gate is opened for the car. The project involves LCD display for continuously
updating the incoming motorists of the current slot positions inside the parking
area. IR is used for object detection and data transmission respectively.

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Dedication

We do not have words at command in acknowledging that all credit goes to our affectionate
Parents, our brothers and sisters for their amicable attitude and love, immense orison,
mellifluous affections, inspiration, well wishing and keen interest which hearten us to
achieve success in every sphere of life. Their prayers are the roots of our success.

Friends are the comrades of the battle, the battle to generate knowledge, sift myths and facts
and to remove ambiguity. They co-shared our struggle and our work. We express our
appreciative feelings for all our friends for their excellent encouragement. We think they
deserve to be saluted.

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Acknowledgements
O Lord! Let not our hearts deviate from the truth after you have guided us and bestowed
upon us, mercy from your grace, verily you are the Giver of bounties without measure. Up
and above, everything, all gratitude to ALMIGHTY ALLAH, the Compassionate and the
Merciful, Who enabled us to elucidate a drop from the existing ocean of knowledge?
Countless salutation be upon the HOLY PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PBUH), the beacon of
knowledge, who has guided his “Ummah” to seek knowledge from cradle to grave.

It is quite delectable and to become to avail of this most propitious opportunity to articulate
with utmost gratification, our profound and intense sense of indebtedness to our ever
affectionate supervisor, Mr Jameel Ahmad. His proficient counselling, valuable suggestions,
boundless forbearance, indefatigable help with any thing, anywhere, anytime, consummate
advice and thought-provoking instructions in piloting this research venture and to reach its
present effective culmination. Special thanks for him would always be due.

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Table of Contents Page No.

Chapter 1 – Introduction...........................................................................................................1
1.1-components used.................................................................................................................3
1.2- Goals of enhanced project..................................................................................................3

Chapter 2 –Result and discussions.....................................................................................4

2.1.2-Use in any new construction or renovation projects………………………………...4
2.1.3-It can solve this problem……………………………………………………………5

Chapter 3 – System Implementation.....................................................................................6

3.1- Implementation Process………………………………………………………………..6
3.2 -Infrared Motion Sensor ………………………………………………………………6
3.21- Why we prefer IR motion detector…………………………………………………..6
3.2.2 -To choose an IR sensor that best suits our needs…………………………………6
3.2.3 -Our IR Sensor Design………………………………………………………………8
3.3-Working of Transmitter circuit………………………………………………………11
3.4-Variable Resistors.............................................................................................................15
3.5 –Resistor…………………………………………………………………………………16
3.6-Voltage regulator (LM7805)…………………………………………………………… 17
3.7-Diode (4007) ……………………………………………………………………………18
3.9-Non Polarized Capacitor…………………………………………………………………19
3.10-Resistance………………………………………………………………………………19
3.11-Crystal oscillator……………………………………………………………………20
3.12-Transistor……………………………………………………………………………….22
3.13-Description ……………………………………………………………………………..22
3.14-Transistor C945………………………………………………………………………...22
3.15-IR LEDs……………………………………………………………………………….22
3.16-Microcontroller (PIC16F877A) ……………………………………………………….24
3.17-Dielectric Capacitor …………………………………………………………………...29

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3.18-Ceramic Capacitors or Disc Capacitors ………………………………………………29

3.19-Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) ……………………………………………………….30
3.20-Relay and Motor..............................................................................................................31
3.21-Power Supply ..................................................................................................................33

Chapter – Summary and Conclusion.....................................................................................37

References................................................................................................................................46
Appendices...............................................................................................................................47

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List of figures

Figure 3.1 IR sensor (transmitter and receiver)

Figure 3.2 IR SENSOR (transmitter receiver)

Figure 3.2.1 IR SENSOR (transmitter receiver)

Figure 3.3 -555 Timers IC

Figure 3.4 555 Timer Pin Configurations

Figure 3.5 Monostable mode Circuit Configuration of 555

Figure 3.6 Monostable mode Graph

Figure 3.7 Variable Resistors

Figure 3.8- Resistors

Figure 3.9 Voltage regulator

Figure 3.10 Diode (4007)

Figure 3.11 Diode (4148)

Figure 3.13 Pin out Diagram

Figure 3.14 Transistor

Figure 3.15– IR TX-RX LEDs

Figure 3-16 micro controller

Figure 3-17 – PIC16F877

Figure 3.18 – PIC16F877 Pin Layout

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Figure 3-19 General diagram of motor connected through a relay

Figure 3-20 General diagram of motor connected through a relay

Figure 3-21 – Schematic diagram of relay connected to a microcontroller

Figure 3-22- An Electrolytic capacitor

Figure 3-23 – 7805 Voltage regulator

Figure 3-24 voltage regulators

Figure 3-25 project diagram

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Chapter I. Introduction

The aim of this project is to atomize the car park for allowing the cars into the park. LCD
is provided to display the information about the total number of cars that can be parked
and the place free for parking. Two IR TX – RX pairs are used in this project to identify
the entry or exit of the cars into/out of park. These two IR TX – RX pairs are arranged
either side of the gate. The TX and RX are arranged face to face across the road.

So that the RX should get IR signal continuously. Whenever the mains are switched on,
the LCD displays the message “parking space for 4 vehicles”. The number indicates the
maximum capacity of park in this Project. Whenever a car comes in front of the gate, the
IR signal gets disturbed and the microcontroller will open the gate by rotating the stepper
motor. The gate will be closed only after the car leaves the second IR pair since the
microcontroller should know whether the car left the gate or not. Now the microcontroller
decrements the value of the count and displays it on LCD.

In this way, the microcontroller decrements the count whenever the car leaves the park
and displays it on LCD.

If the count reaches ‘0’, i.e. if the park is completely filled, the microcontroller will
display “NO SPACE FOR PARKING” on LCD. And now if any vehicle tries to enter the
park, the gate will not be opened since there is no space. If any vehicle leaves the park,
the controller will increment the count and allows the other vehicles for parking.

This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. Unregulated 12V DC is used for
relay. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation But RF does
not require line of sight communication. And in case of LDR, there is scope for false
triggering due to sunlight or headlight of car. So considering all these points we have
finalized to use IR module. For transmitter section we are going to use IR LEDs driven
by a 555 timer IC. Timer IC will generate a frequency of 38 KHz, which will be given to
IR LEDs.

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 Car parking System

The summary of APS is shown in the flow diagram below.

Figure 1-1 micro controller