Chapter 3 Factors and Polynomials Exercise

Chapter 3 Factors and Polynomials

1. Find the sum of the following polynomials.

(a) ( x 3 + 5 x 2 + 2) + (3 x 2 − 4 x + 7) (b) (2 x + 5 x 3 − 2 x 2 + 7) + (9 + 4 x − 5 x 2 − 2 x3 )

(c) (5 x 3 + 2 x 2 + 4) + (2 x 2 + 7 x − 5) + (7 − 5 x 2 + 3 x − 4 x3 )

2. Subtract
(a) 3 x 2 − x − 1 from 5 x 2 + 3 x − 7 (b) 2 x 2 − 7 x + 5 from 5 + 8 x − 2 x 3

(c) 4 x 3 + 2 x − 9 from 11 − 3 x − 4 x 2 + 5 x 3 (d) 3 x 2 + 5 x 4 − 6 x + 7 from 8 x + 5 x 3 + x5 − 2 x 4

3. Find the following products.

(a) (2 x + 3)(7 x − 4) (b) (5 x + 7)(6 x − 1)

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Chapter 3 Factors and Polynomials Exercise
(c) (2 x − 5)(2 x + 5 x − 1)
2
(d) ( x + 3 y )(2 x + xy + y )
2

(e) (3 x + 5 y )(3 x 2 − 2 xy + y 2 ) (f) ( x + 3)( x 3 − 2 x + 4) − (2 x − 7)(3 + 4 x − 2 x 3 )

4. Simplify each of the following.

(a) ( x 2 − 7 x + 12) ÷ ( x − 4) (b) (2 x 2 − 13 x + 21) ÷ ( x − 3)

(c) ( x 3 − 7 x 2 + 4 x + 12) ÷ ( x − 2) (d) (4 x 3 + 3 x 2 − 16 x − 12) ÷ ( x + 2)

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Chapter 3 Factors and Polynomials Exercise
(e) ( x + 7 x + 16 x + 12) ÷ ( x + 2)
3 2
(f) ( x − 13 x + 12) ÷ ( x − 1)
3

5. Show that the following factor satisfies the given polynomial by (i) algebraic division and (ii) the factor theorem.
(a) ( x − 1) is a factor of x 3 − 3 x 2 − 13 x + 15 (b) (2 x − 1) is a factor of 2 x 3 + 7 x 2 + 2 x − 3

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Chapter 3 Factors and Polynomials Exercise
6. Find the value of h and of k for each of the following.
(a) The factor of 4 x 4 + hx 3 + kx 2 − x + 2 are ( x − 1) (b) The factor of x 3 + hx 2 − 6 x + k are ( x + 1) and
and ( x + 2) ( x + 4)

7. Solve the following problems.

(a) If both ( x − 2) and (2 x − 1) are factors of (b) If ( x 2 − 1) is a factor of ax 4 + bx 3 + cx 2 + dx + e ,
px 2 + 5 x + r , show that p = r. show that a + c + e = b + d .

(c) A cubic function is defined in terms of the constant (d) A polynomial f ( x) = 2 x 3 + ax 2 + bx − 10 , x ∈  .

k as f ( x) = x 3 + x 2 − x + k for x ∈  . It is given that f(2) = f(–1) = 0. Find the values of
Given that ( x − k ) is a factor of f(x), determine the a and b.
possible values of k.

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Chapter 3 Factors and Polynomials Exercise
8. Factorise each of the following completely.
(a) x 3 + 6 x 2 + 12 x + 7 (b) x 3 − 6 x 2 + 11x − 6

9. Solve these equations.

(a) x 3 + x 2 − 10 x + 8 =0 (b) x 3 − 4 x 2 + x + 6 =0

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Chapter 3 Factors and Polynomials Exercise
10. Solve the following problems.
(a) The polynomial p(x) is defined as (b) Show by using factor theorem that (x – 5) is a
p ( x) = 2 x 3 − 11x 2 + 20 x − 12 . factor of f ( x) = 2 x 3 − 9 x 2 − 11x + 30 and hence
(i) Use the factor theorem to show that (x – 2) factorise f(x) into product of three linear factors.
is a factor of p(x).
(ii) Factorise completely p(x).

(c) Show by using factor theorem that (x – 3) is a (d) f ( x) = x 3 − 3 x 2 − 6 x + 8

factor of f ( x) = x 3 − 3 x 2 − 4 x + 12 and hence (i) Show that (x – 1) is a factor of f(x).
factorise f(x) into product of three linear factors. (ii) Hence, factorise f(x) into three linear
factors.

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Chapter 3 Factors and Polynomials Exercise
11. Find the remainder of the following polynomials by using (i) algebraic division and (ii) remainder theorem.
(a) f ( x) = 2 x 3 − 7 x 2 − 5 x + 4 divided by ( x + 2) (b) f ( x) = 3 x 3 − 2 x 2 − 12 x + 8 divided by ( x − 4)

12. Solve the following problems.

(a) f ( x) = x 3 + x 2 + ax + b (b) f ( x) = px 3 − 32 x 2 − 10 x + q
When f(x) divided by (x – 2), remainder is –7. When f(x) is divided by (x – 2), the remainder is
When f(x) divided by (x + 1), remainder is 32. exactly the same as when f(x) is divided by (2x
(i) Find the value of a and of b. + 3).
(ii) Show that (x – 3) is a factor of f(x). Show clearly that p = 8.

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Chapter 3 Factors and Polynomials Exercise
(c) f ( x) = x − 4 x + 12
2
(d) f ( x) = x + 2 x − 6 x + 9
3 2

The remainder when f(x) is divided by (x + k) is When f(x) is divided by x + a, the remainder is R.
three times as large as when f(x) is divided by When f(x) is divided by x – a, the remainder is 2R.
(x – k). (i) Show that 3a 3 − 2a 2 − 18a − 9 =0.
Determine the possible values of k. (ii) Solve the equation in part i completely.

(e) f ( x) = 2 x 2 + 9 x − 5 (f) The polynomial f ( x) = ax 3 + 7 x 2 − 9 x + b is

(i) Given that when f(x) is divided by (2x – k), divisible by 2x – 1. The remainder when f(x) is
the remainder is 13, find the possible divided by x – 2 is 5 times the remainder when f(x)
values of k. is divided by x + 1.
(ii) Given further that when f(x) is divided by (i) Show that a = 6 and find the value of b.
(x – 2k), the remainder is 121, find the (ii) Using the values from part i, show that
value of k. f ( x) = (2 x − 1)(cx 2 + dx + e) , where c, d
and e are integers to be found.
(iii) Hence factorise f(x) completely.

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