SALT ANALYSIS SCHEME OF ANALYSIS EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION [INFERENCE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS : 1) Noted the colour Colourless Absence oF Cu**,Fe”*,Fe**,Mn2*,Co?*,Ni2* Blue Pre. of Cu* Brown Pre. of Fe* Green Pre. of Ni?* Pale pink Pre. of Mn™ Pink Pre. of Co 2) Noted the solubility a) Inwater a) Soluble and no a) Pre. of NHa* b) Indi. HC ppt with NasCOs b) Insoluble b) Pre. of Pb™ 3) Flame Test : ‘a) Blue surrounded a) Pre. of Cu Alittle of the salt is made into by green paste with conc.HCl.Aglassrod| —b) Brick red b) Pre. of Ca* is dipped in it and introduced ¢) Crimson red ©) Pre, of Sr?* into the flame. d) Bluish white d) Pre. of Pb’ e) Grassy greenon e) Pre. of Ba” prolonged heating 4) AshTest : a) Green ash ‘a) Pre. of Zn” Alittle of the salt is heated with b) Blue tinted ash b) Pre. of AP* con.HNO; and cobalt nitrate ¢) Pale pink ash c) Pre.of Mg” solution. A filter paper is dipped in it and burnt. SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF ANIONS : 1) Dil H2SOstest : To the salt add dil. HsSOz, warm if required. a) Evolution of a) Pre. of carbonates Colourless, odourless gas with brisk effervescence, turns limewater milky.2) Conc.H;S0. test : Treat a small quantity of the salt Conc.H2SOx, warm necessary. a) Colourless gas with pungent smell, give dense white fumes whena glass rad dipped in NH,OH is shown. Brown gas with ungent smell lolet vapours pungent heating. e) Smell of vinXgar a) Pre, of d) Pre.WfNos* e) Pre. of CAKCOO™ 3) Paper ball test: Brown fumes Pre. of NOs" Heat a little of the salt with Conc.H»SO« and introduce a paper ball to it. 4) Test for sulphates : White ppt insolublein | Pre. of sulphate Heat little of the salt solution dil. HCl and add BaCl, solution. Conc. HCl Test for phosphates : onc. HNO to the salt solutioMagg boil. Add exess of ammonium and boil again. CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ANIONS : jate 1) Carbonates Magnesium sulphate test : To the salt solution add MgSO solution. White ppt Pre. of carbonates confirmed 2) Chlorides : a) MnOytest: Heat a small quantity of salt with Conc.H2S04and MnO a) Greenish yellow gas with pungent smell Pre. of chloride confirmedc) Silver nitrate test : Acidify the salt solution with dil.nitric acid and add silver nitrate solution. ©) White curdy ppt soluble in excess of NH,OH Pre. of chloride confirmed 3) Acetates : a) Oxalic acid test : Make a paste of the salt with oxalic acid. Rub the paste and smell. b) Ester test : To the salt add conc.H.50s and heat. Add alcohol. Shake. Pour the contents into a beaker containing water. water andWoil a) Smell of vinegar b) Pleasant fruity smell ve coloured it |. Reddis colour Pre. of acetate Pre. of acetate confirmed P eomoiemeatetenseiiomn! 4) Sulphate = a) To the salt solution add dil, HCl and barium chloride solution. b) To the salt solution add acetic acid and lead acetate solution. White ppt insoluble in HCl White ppt soluble in hot ammonium acetate Pre. of sulphate confirmed Pre. of sulphate confirmed7) Nitrate : a) Toalittle salt add conc.H2SO, and add cu turnings and heat. b) To salt solution add fresh FeSOz and cool. Add a) Brown vapours and green solution b) Browning at the junction between Pre. of nitrate confirmed Pre. of nitrate confirmed ammonium chloride and excess of ammonium hydroxide. Add sodium hydrogen phosphate conc.HaSO,, two layer. ‘ANALYSIS OF CATIONS: Group Test 7) To the salt solution add sodium | No ppt Pre. of zero group carbonate solution (Ammonium) 2) To the solution add dil. HCI =aeppt Pre. of group 1 (Pb?*) 3) To the solution add dil. HCland | ~ "ppt Pre. of group 2 pass HS (cu) 4) To the solution add solid ppt | Pre. of group3 ammonium chloride and excess (ar) of ammonium hydroxide 5) To the solution add solid Appt Pre. of group 4 ammonium chloride and excess (Zn) of ammonium hydroxide. Pass HS 6) To the solution add solid ppt Pre. of group 5 ammonium chloride and excess (Ba®",Sr°",Ca®") of ammonium hydroxide. Add ammonium carbonate solution 7) To the solution add solid = ppt Pre. of group 6 (Mg”)Confirmation Test ANALYSIS OF GROUP 0(AMMONIUM) 1) To the salt solution add NaOH solution. Warm. ‘Smell of ammonia, Gives white dense fumes when a glass rod Pre. of ammonium confirmed dipped in HClis introduced 2] To the salt solutionadd NaOH | Brown ppt Pre. of ammonium confirmed solution. Warm. Add Nesslers reagent ‘ANALYSIS OF GROUP 1(LEAD) 7) Potassium iodide test Yellow ppt Pre. of lead confirmed To the salt solution add KI solution 2) Potassium chromate Yellow ppt Pre. of lead confirmed test: To the salt solution add k:CrO,solutionANALYSIS OF GROUP 5(Ba2*,Sr?*,Ca?*) Test for Ba : Potassium chromate test : 1) To the salt solution add K.CrO, | 1) Yellow ppt "Ba confirmed solution. 2) Flame test is conducted with 2) Grassy green Ba confirmed the group ppt. flame Test for Sr: 1) Add ammonium sulphate to the | 1) White ppt Srconfirmed salt solution 2) Flame test is conducted with 2) Crimson red Sr confirmed the group ppt. flame Test for Ca : 1) To the salt solution add 1) White ppt Ca confirmed ammonium oxalate solution. 2) Flame test is conducted with the group ppt. 2) Brick red flame Ca confirmed ANALYSIS OF GROUP 6(Mg*) Test for Mg” : 1) To the salt solution add ammonium phosphate solution. 2) Ashtest is conducted with group ppt 1) White ppt 2) Pale pink ash magnesium confirmed magnesium confirmed 3) To the Salt solution add Magneus reagent 3) Late blue colour Mg ion confirmed