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2 BA-STAT102 - Sample Computation

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31 views8 pages

2 BA-STAT102 - Sample Computation

Uploaded by

Aura Mae Albao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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B A - S TAT 1 0 2 | A d v a n c e d St a t i s t i c s

SAMPLE COMPUTATION
Rizal Technological University
SAMPLING METHOD
Sample is small proportion of the population taken from the
population to study the characteristics of the population. By observing
the sample one can make inferences about the population from which it
is taken.

Sampling is a technique adopted to select a sample. The sample must


represent or exactly duplicate the characteristics of the population
under study. In such case that sample is called as a representative sample.
The sampling method used for selecting a sample is important in
determining how closely the sample resembles the population.
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Probability sampling or random sampling involves a random
selection process to include a unit of the population in the sample. In
random sampling all items have a positive probability of selection.
Random sampling techniques remove the personal bias of the
investigators.
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Non-probability sampling is the sampling procedure in which samples
are selected based on the subjective judgment of the researcher, rather
than random selection. This is used when the representativeness of the
population is not the prime issue.
COMPUTING FOR THE SAMPLE SIZE
Slovin's formula is typically used for probability sampling when a
population is known, and the researcher wants to determine an
appropriate sample size with a desired margin of error.

𝑁
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁 ∙ 𝑒2

Where:
• n = sample size
• N = total population size
• e = margin of error (as a decimal)

The formula for Yamane’s remains the same, however, Yamane's


formula assumes a 95% confidence level and is often used when
researchers want to ensure a certain level of accuracy in the
sample size calculation.

𝑁
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁 ∙ 0.052
COMPUTING FOR THE SAMPLE SIZE
Cochran's formula is used primarily for determining the sample
size for probability sampling when the population is large or
infinite. It is commonly used in surveys and is more statistically
rigorous, especially when the population variance is unknown.

𝑍 2 ∙ 𝑝 ∙ (1 − 𝑝)
𝑛0 =
𝑒2

Where:
• n = sample size
• e = margin of error (as a decimal)
• p = estimated proportion of an attribute that is present in the
population (if unknown, use 0.5 for maximum variability)
• Z = the Z-score which depends on the confidence interval
chosen by the researcher
COMPUTING FOR THE SAMPLE SIZE
The Z-score indicates the number of standard deviations by which
a raw score or data point is above or below the mean.

The Z-score for a confidence level of 80% = 1.28


The Z-score for a confidence level of 85% = 1.44
The Z-score for a confidence level of 90% = 1.65
The Z-score for a confidence level of 95% = 1.96
The Z-score for a confidence level of 99% = 2.58

NOTE: A confidence level of 95% is usually used when dealing with


human population.
COMPUTING FOR THE SAMPLE SIZE
Cochran's formula is used primarily for determining the sample
size for probability sampling when the population is large or
infinite. It is commonly used in surveys and is more statistically
rigorous, especially when the population variance is unknown.

Finite Population Correction

𝑛0
𝑛= 𝑛
1 + ( 0−1
𝑁 )

Where:
• n = sample size
• N = population

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