SAMPLING AND DATA

COLLECTION
PROCESS FLOW
8 STEPS

Sampling and Data Collection

PROCESS FLOW

Define target
population Select the population of interest.

Select Sampling
Frame Choose which part of the population fits your interest best.

Determine Sampling Probability or non-probability?

Method

Plan the procedure for How are you going to select the best samples?
selecting samples

Sampling and Data Collection

 PROCESS FLOW

Determine Sample
Size Use a simple formula.

Select actual
sampling units Determine which part of the sampling frame you’re going
to use

Conduct Fieldwork Go get the samples

Process Data Summarize your findings

Sampling and Data Collection

 POPULATION AND SAMPLING FRAME

Sample

Sample Population

Sample

Sampling and Data Collection

SAMPLING METHOD AND PLANNING SAMPLE SELECTION

Sampling and Data Collection

COMPUTING FOR SAMPLE SIZE – SLOVIN’S FORMULA
(YAMANE’S FORMULA)

Population Size
Sample size

𝑁
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁ⅇ2

Margin of Error

Sampling and Data Collection

 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
Compute for the sample size for each of the following population sizes at 5% significance

POPULATION (N)

10,000
10,000 384.61 ~ 385
𝑁= 2
1 + 10,000 0.05
256,000 256,000
𝑁= 2 399.37 ~ 400
1 + 256,000 0.05

112,675,879 112,675,879
𝑁= 2 399.99 ~ 400
1 + 112,675,879 0.05

Sampling and Data Collection

COMPUTING FOR SAMPLE SIZE – COCHRAN’S FORMULA

Estimated Determined by
proportion that 1 – 0.5
researcher
Z-value based contains the (given)
on alpha trait of interest

𝒁 𝒑𝒒𝟐
1-p
𝟏. 𝟗𝟔𝟐 (𝟎. 𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟓)
𝒏𝟎 = 𝟐 𝒏𝟎 =
𝒆 (𝟎. 𝟎𝟓)𝟐

Margin of Error Determined by alpha

Sampling and Data Collection

COMPUTING FOR SAMPLE SIZE – COCHRAN’S FORMULA

Determined by
1 – 0.5
researcher
(given)

𝟏. 𝟗𝟔𝟐 (𝟎. 𝟓)(𝟎. 𝟓)

𝒏𝟎 =
(𝟎. 𝟎𝟓)𝟐

Determined by alpha

Sampling and Data Collection

CORRECTING FOR SMALLER POPULATIONS (N=1,679)

recommended 𝒏𝟎 = 𝟑𝟖𝟒
sample size

𝒏𝒐 𝟑𝟖𝟓
𝒏𝟏 = 𝒏𝒐 𝒏𝟏 =
𝟏+ 𝑵 𝟑𝟖𝟓
𝟏 + 𝟏, 𝟔𝟕𝟗

𝒏𝟏 = 𝟑𝟏𝟑

Sampling and Data Collection

CORRECTING FOR POSSIBLE UNRESPONSIVE RESPONDENTS

𝒏𝟏 = 𝟑𝟏𝟑

ASSUMING ONLY 65% WILL RESPOND:

𝒏𝟏
𝒏𝟐 =
𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆

Sampling and Data Collection

 ASSUMING ONLY 65% WILL RESPOND:

𝟑𝟏𝟑 𝟑𝟏𝟑
𝒏𝟐 = 𝒏𝟐 =
𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓

𝒏𝟐 = 481.53 ~ 482

Sampling and Data Collection

 -SUMMARY-

1 Population

2 Slovin’s Formula 2 Cochran’s Formula

2.1 Cochran’s correction

Response rate
3
correction

Sample

Sampling and Data Collection

PROBABILITY AND NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING

Sampling and Data Collection

PROBABILITY NON-PROBABILITY

-Acquires a representative sample of -Used when a representative sample

the population is unnecessary
-Used when a generalization is sought -Generalizations cannot be made
to be made with the conclusions when non-probability sampling is
used
-Refers to the sample as part of the -The population is not considered
population
-Every individual of the population -Probability is non-existent
has the same probability of being
selected as a sample

Sampling and Data Collection

PROBABILITY – FISHBOWL OR SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

1.Write all the names of the population on a piece of

paper.
2.Deposit all the written names into a container.
3.Draw names until you reach the number of samples
needed relative to the population

Sampling and Data Collection

SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING

Sampling and Data Collection

STRATIFIED SAMPLING

Sampling and Data Collection

CLUSTER SAMPLING

Sampling and Data Collection

DETERMINING SAMPLE SIZE PER STRATA – PROPORTIONAL
ALLOCATION
Total sample size
Sample size of
1st stratum

𝑛
𝑛1 = × 𝑁1
𝑁
Population of 1st
stratum

Total Population

Sampling and Data Collection

 SAMPLE PROBLEM

A sample of 50 students is to be drawn from a population of 500 students belonging to institutions A which
has 200 students, and institution B which has 300 students how many students per institution will be taken
as samples for the study?

𝑛 50
𝑛1 = × 𝑁1 𝑛1 =
500
× 200 = 20
𝑁
𝑛 50
𝑛2 = × 𝑁2 𝑛2 =
500
× 300 = 30
𝑁
And so, 20 students will be taken from institution A and 30 students will be taken from institution B to
participate in the study

Sampling and Data Collection

NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING - PURPOSIVE

Sampling and Data Collection

QUOTA SAMPLING

Sampling and Data Collection

CONVENIENCE SAMPLING

Sampling and Data Collection

SNOWBALL SAMPLING

Sampling and Data Collection

IN SUMMARY

Sampling and Data Collection

DATA COLLECTION

Sampling and Data Collection

DATA COLLECTION

Surveys Observation
Questionnaires given to Observation without
respondents intervention

Interviews Experimentation
Direct questioning with Establishing causation
a respondent
DATA COLLECTION

Surveys Observation
For studies needing larger To study what subjects
amounts of data do without set prompts

Interviews Experimentation
For obtaining detailed To test novel products
data and for sensitive
topics
DATA COLLECTION

Surveys Observation
Difficult to collect due to Prone to researcher bias
large amount of
respondents

Interviews Experimentation
Time-consuming and Time-consuming and
resource-intensive resource-intensive