lj=;+= @)&* sflQs g]kfn ;+jt† !!$!

sf}nfYj–s5nfYo October–November 2021

jif{ #! cª\s ( k"0ff{ª\s #^&

ljifo;"rL
n ltxf/sf] lemlnldnL – ^
n ltxf/ / lbbL – !%
n 57 – !&
n Dxk"hf – !*
n 3/d} dgfcf}F ltxf/ – #$
ltxf/ kj{
–$

sf]lknf n
n
dvdnL ;okqL – @)
bL3f{o'sf] k|tLs d;nf – @!
n ltxf/sf] /dfOnf] – @^
n d]/f] :s'n – @&

;fy} lgoldt ‚tDe ƒ k|ltof]lutf

sfo{sf/L cWoIf lji0f'k|;fb ;'j]bLåfƒf
n lg= ;Dkfbs M xl/k|;fb e§/fO{ uf]ƒ vfkq ;+‚yfgsf nflu d'lb|t tyf k|sflzt„
n ;x–;Dkfbs M nIdL vltj8f
n pTkfbg M ch'{g a:g]t sfof{no 7]ufgf
n Jofkfƒ M cf]dk|sfz e';fn uf]ƒ vfkq ;+‚yfg
wd{ky, sf7df8f}+
n ljtƒ0f M ;f]daxfb'ƒ 3n] kf]= a=g+= @#
kmf]g g+= $@@@@&*
n ;fh;Hhf M /fh]G b| >]i7 lj1fkg M $@@&$(#
ljtƒ0f M $@@)^#*
n cfj/0f k[i7 M ;fg'/fd bfxfn
k"j{ If]q k|b]z:t/Lo k|sfzg sfof{no lj/f6gu/
n z'4fz'l4 M ;'gLnaxfb'/ vqL klZrd If]q k|b]z:t/Lo k|sfzg sfof{no sf]xnk'/
k|b]z:t/Lo sfof{nox¿ M
hgsk'/, x]6f}F8f, kf]v/f, a'6jn, ;'v]{t / wgu9L
Psk|ltsf] ?= !%.–
d"No jflif{s ?= !%).–
Web-site‚ www.gorkhapatra.org.np
Email‚ munamonthly@gmail.com

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 1

 d'gfnfO{
kq
bz}F–ltxf/df d'gf
dnfO{ d'gf w]/} dg k5{ . bz}F–ltxf/df d'gf
ahf/df gcfpg] xf] ls km]l/ ns8fpg x'g] xf]
ls eGg] dnfO{ w]/} lrGtf lyof] . bz}Fsf] /dfOnf]
d'gf k9\g kfPF . v';L nfUof] . ca ltxf/df klg
d'gf kSs} k9\g kfOg] 5 xf]nf . d'gf d]/f] 3/df
afafcfdfnfO{ klg dg k5{ . rª\uf p8fPsf]
kmf]6f] b]v]/ bz}F cfPsf] emNsf] nfUof] . dnfO{
lrqsyf ;a}eGbf /fd|f] nfUof] .
:kz{ pk|]tL
sIff *
l/e]/f OG6/g];gn :s'n, rfjlxn efOlxgLx¿sf] n]v k9]/ dnfO{ v';L nfUof] .
ljBfno:t/sf efOalxgLx¿n] syf, sljtf,
lrq / ljleGg n]vdf cfˆgf] wf/0ff, snf /
slt /fd|f] k|:t'ltx¿ d'gfdf /fv]sf] b]v]/ dnfO{ emg\ v';L
nfUof] . ;fgf] pd]/df klg pgLx¿leq slt w]/}
c;f]hsf] d'gf w]/} /fd|f] 5 . ;a} s'/f Ifdtf, pT;'stf / lh1f;fx¿ x'g] /x]5 . To;}n]
ld>0f ePsf] d'gf ;fRr} ;a}sf nflu 1fgj4{s dnfO{ d'gf Psbd} /fd|f] nfUof] .
5 . bz}Fsf af/]df 1fgu'gsf s'/fx¿ ;d]l6Psf] lk|lG;kn ;'lgtf kl08t
d'gfdf afnaflnsfsf nflu klg p:t} /dfOnf db/Nofk dG6]Zj/L
/ 1fgj4{s s'/fx¿ 5g\ . ;fgf ;fgf gf/fo0fyfg, sf7df8f}F

hGdf]T;j
gfd ===========================================
kf;kf]6{
;fOhsf] hGdldlt ===================================
kmf]6f]
ljBfno ===================================
7]ufgf ========================================
2 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{
 efOsf] ;fyL d'gf
d]/f] ;fgf] efO 5 . efO sIff ! df k9\5 .
p;nfO{ lrq agfpg Psbs} dg k5{ . To;}n]
pm d'gfsf] /ª e/ x]/]/ dVv k5{ . /fd|f] lrq
sf]l/xfN5 . d'gfdf lrq sf]g{ kfPkl5 pm w]/}
v';L x'G5 . d]/f] efOsf] Psbd} Kof/f] klqsf
xf] d'gf . efOnfO{ 3/df cfdfn] klg d'gf k9\g
;xof]u ug{'x'G5 .
>]of vltj8f
sIff !)
:dn x]e]g :s'n, lrtjg

d'gfsf] cfj/0fn]
bz}Fsf] ;Demgf
c;f]h cª\ssf] d'gfsf] cfj/0f dnfO{
Psbd} dg k¥of] . rª\uf p8fPsf] kmf]6f] b]Vbf
bz}F cfPh:t} eof] . dnfO{ d]/f] 3/ kfNkfsf]
ofb cfof] . ToxfF rª\uf p8fpg] w]/} 7"nf] xl/of]
rp/ 5 . xfdL cfdfafafsf] l56\6} labf x'Fbf
bz}Fdf 3/ uP/ o;/L g} /dfOnf] uYof}{+ . dnfO{ lrq agfpg Psbd} dg k5{ . dnfO{ d'gfdf
o;kflnsf] bz}Fdf klg l56\6} 3/ hfg] tof/L d]/f] lrqx¿ klg 5kfpg dg nfu]sf] 5 . o;sf
ul//x]sf 5f}F . d 3/ k'u]/ rª\uf p8fpg] xf]nf nflu s] ug{' knf{ < Od]naf6 k7fpFbf x'G5 ls
eg]/ ;f]lr/x]sf] 5F' . d'gfsf] kmf]6f]n] dnfO{ xF'b}g nfU5 <
bz}Fsf] /dfOnf] ;Demgf u/fof] . ca 3/ hfFbf ;dLIff cfrfo{
Pp6f d'gf xh'/afafsf nflu klg lnP/ hfG5' . sIff %
pxfFnfO{ klg d'gf Psbd} dg k5{ . ldN;a]/L :s'n, afF;af/L
lxd]z/fh lu/L
sIff *
;]G6 h]leo;{ :s'n, hfjnfv]n hfgsf/L
efOalxgLx¿, xfdLn] d'gfdf ;kmf
/ lrl6Ss kf/]/ n]lvPsf] x:tn]vg
cfj/0f dg k¥of] sljtf tyf n]vnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{
h:tfsf] t:t} k|sflzt ub{5f}F .
d'gfdf ;fgf ;fyLx¿sf] kmf]6f] x]bf{ dnfO{ efOalxgLn] klg cfkm"n] n]v]sf sljtf
v';L nfU5 . pxfFx¿sf af/]df klg leq st} tyf n]v k|sfzgsf nflu o; dfl;ssf]
n]Vg] xf] eg] xfdLnfO{ klg ;fyLx¿sf af/]df Od]n 7]ufgfdf :Sofg u/]/ jf lr7Ldfkm{t
a'em\g ;lhnf] x'GYof] . cfj/0fdf kmf]6f] cfpg k7fpg ;Sg'x'g]5 . ;w}Fem}+ d'gfn] l;h{gfnfO{
s] ug{'knf{, dnfO{ Psbd} hfGg dg nfu]sf] 5 . k|fyldstf lbFb} cfPsf] 5 . n]v /rgf
ljBfnon] k7fpg kg{] xf] ls 3/df cfdfafafn] k7fpFbf efOalxgLn] cfˆgf] kmf]6f] clgjfo{
d'gfsf] sfof{nodf lnP/ cfpg] xf] . o;af/] k7fpg'xf]nf . ;Dkfbs
hfgsf/L kfpg kfP d]/f] lh1f;f zfGt x'g] lyof] .

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 3

 ;+:s[lt

ltxf/ kj{df sfu, s's'/,

nIdL, ufO{uf]?, uf]jw{g
kj{t tyf bfh'efO /
lbbLalxgLsf] k"hf ug]{
ul/G5 eGg] ltdLx?nfO{
yfx} 5 t/ o;sf] cy{
eg] ;a}nfO{ yfxf gx'g
;S5 .

ltxf/ kj{
sdn l/hfn

g]kfnLx¿sf] bf];|f] 7"nf] rf8 ltxf/ cfFugd} xf] . o;sf] cy{ Pslbg dfq k"hf ug]{ eGg]
cfOk'u]sf] 5 . efOalxgLx¿sf nflu lgs} xf]Og . k"hfsf] cy{ ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f xf] / o;
/dfOnf] rf8 klg xf] of] . /fd|f] gfgf nufP/ lbg ul/g] sfusf] k"hfn] ;w}Fel/ ;a} k|hfltsf
lrl6Ss k/L lkª v]Ng' / b]p;L v]Ng'sf] dHhf kG5Lx¿sf] a:g] :yfg / vfg] s'/fdf Wofg
5'§} x'G5 . lbg'k5{ eGg] ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 .
ltxf/ kj{df sfu, s's'/, nIdL, ufO{uf]?, ltxf/sf] bf];|f] lbg s's'/sf] k"hf ul/G5 .
uf]jw{g kj{t tyf bfh'efO / lbbLalxgLsf] k"hf s's'/ eg]sf] dflg;sf] lxt}ifL k|f0fL xf] . ;+;f/df
ug]{ ul/G5 eGg] ltdLx¿nfO{ yfx} 5 t/ o;sf] dfof u/] h:tf] dfq ubf{ klg ;fFlRrs} dfof
cy{ eg] ;a}nfO{ yfxf gx'g ;S5 . To;f] xf] 7fg]/ kl5 nfUg] k|f0fL s's'/ g} xf] . Ps ufF;
eg] cfpFm oxfF o;}af/] hfgsf/L u/f}F . h'7f]k'/f] vfP/ dflnssf] lxtdf Hofg} kmfNg
ltxf/sf] klxnf] lbg sfusf] k"hf ul/G5 . kl5 gkg]{ s'g} k|f0fL 5 eg] Tof] s's'/ g} xf] .
sfu eg]sf] kG5L k|hfltsf] k|f0fL xf] . pgLx¿n] To;}n] s's'/ k"hf ug'{sf] cy{ pgLx¿sf] lxtdf
afnLgfnLdf nfUg] sL/f vfP/ xfdLnfO{ ;xof]u klg Wofg lbg'k5{ eGg] xf] . jif{sf] Pslbg dfnf
u5{g\ . To;}n] ltxf/ kj{sf] klxnf] lbg ;a} nufP/ vfgf lbFb}df pgLx¿sf] lxt x'Fb}g . ha
kG5Lsf] k|ltlglw dfg]/ sfusf] k"hf ug]{ ul/Psf] ;w}Fel/ pgLx¿nfO{ dfof ul/G5, s'6\g] lk6\g]

4 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

ul/Gg ta dfq pgLx¿sf] lxt x'G5 eGg] s'/f
la;{g' x'Gg . o; lbg ul/g] s's'/ k"hfn] oxL ltxf/ kj{sf] /dfOnf] kIf lkª /
;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 . b]p;L e}nf] v]Ng'l;t klg
t];|f] lbg ;kmf;'U3/ u/L ;fFem bLkfjnL ;DalGwt 5 . lkª v]Ng /
u/]/ nIdLsf] k"hf ug]{ rng 5 . o;f] ugf{n] b]p;L e}nf]df hfg efOalxgLnfO{
nIdL v';L eO{ wgwfGo j[l4 x'G5 eGg] ljZjf; lgs} dg k5{ t/ o;df eg] Wofg
5 . o;sf] cy{ jif{sf] Ps lbg ;kmf;'U3/ u/L
bLkfjnL ub}{df nIdL v';L x'lG5g\ eGg] xf]Og . lbg'kg]{ x'G5 .
bLkfjnL ug'{sf] cy{ jif}}{el/ 3/ / dgnfO{ pHofnf]
/fVg] k|of; ug'{k5{ eGg] xf] . o;f] ugf{n] z/L/
:j:y x'G5 . :j:y z/L/n] g} ;DklQ sdfpg
;S5 . o; lbg bLkfjnL u/L nIdLsf] k"hf ug]{
k/Dk/fn] oxL ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 .
rf}yf] lbg ufO{uf]?sf] ;fydf uf]jw{g kj{tsf]
k"hf ug]{ rng 5 . o;sf k5fl8 ljleGg sf/0f
5g\ . ufO{n] b"w lbP/ cfdfn] h:t} kf]if0f ul5{g\ .
uf]?n] v]taf/L hf]t]/ afa'n] h:t} kf]if0fdf ;xof]u
u5{g\ . t/fO{lt/ uf9f tfg]/ ;fdfg 9'jfgLdf ;d]t
uf]?sf k|of]u x'G5g\ . lxhf]cfh k|foM d]l;gsf]
k|of]u b]lvP klg uf]?sf] k|of]u klg /f]lsPsf]
5}g . kxf83/lt/ v]tLkftLsf] sfd uf]?d} lge{/
5 . o; lbg ul/g] ufO{uf]? k"hf ug'{sf] cy{
;w}Fel/ o;}u/L pgLx¿sf] vfg]–a:g] s'/fdf
Wofg lbg'k5{ eGg] ;Gb]z lbg' xf] .
uf]jw{g kj{tsf] k"hf klg o;}l;t ;DalGwt
5 . uf]jw{g kj{tsf] k"hf ug'{ eg]sf] jif{sf] Ps
lbg uf]a/sf] kj{t agfP/ k"hf ug]{ eGg] xf]Og .
;w}Fel/ jghª\unsf] ;+/If0f ug'{k5{ eGg] xf] .
ePsf] jghª\unsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ / vfnL :yfgdf kfFrf}F lbg lbbLalxgLn] bfh'efOsf] /
j[If/f]k0f u/L jghª\un a9fpg ;s] rg]{ 7fpF bfh'efOn] lbbLalxgLsf] k"hf ug]{ ul/G5 . o;sf]
kfP/ x[i6k'i6 ePsf ufO{n] w]/} b"w lbG5g\, cy{ pgLx¿aLr ;w}Fel/ o;}u/L k|]d / ;b\efj
uf]?x¿ v]taf/L hf]Tg ;Ifd x'G5g\ . o;afx]s sfod x'g'k5{ eGg] xf] .
kfgL kfg{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] / af9L klx/f]af6 ltxf/ kj{sf] /dfOnf] kIf lkª / b]p;L e}nf]
e"Ifo /f]Sg] sfo{df klg jghª\unsf] 7"nf] v]Ng'l;t klg ;DalGwt 5 . lkª v]Ng / b]p;L
e"ldsf x'G5 . oxL ;Gb]z lbgsf nflu uf]jw{g e}nf]df hfg efOalxgLnfO{ lgs} dg k5{ t/
kj{tsf] k"hf ug]{ k/Dk/f rnfOPsf] xf] . o;df eg] Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;af6 /dfOnf]
åfk/ o'udf s[i0fn] OGb|sf] k"hf /f]sL uf]jw{g klg x'G5 / ;+:s[lt ;+/If0fdf klg ;xof]u
kj{tsf] k"hf ug{ nufPsf lyP /] . To;cl3 k'U5 . s]xL dflg; ltxf/df k6fsf k6\sfpg]
kfgL kfg]{ sfd OGb|n] u5{g\ eg]/ pgsf] k"hf u5{g\ . o:tf] ug'{ /fd|f] xf]Og . cGoyf /dfOnf]
ul/GYof] t/ s[i0fn] kfgL kfg]{ sfd OGb|n] geO{ ug{ vf]Hbf 3fOt] eP/ g/dfOnf] dfGg'kg]{ cj:yf
jghª\unn] u5{g\ eg]/ uf]jw{g kj{tsf] k"hf cfpg ;S5 . ltxf/ kj{ /dfOnfsf nflu xf],
ug{ nufPsf x'g\ . To;}a]nfb]lv clxn];Dd of] /dfOnf]l;t} dgfpg'k5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ efOalxgLn]
k/Dk/f rn]sf] xf] eGg] hgljZjf; 5 . la;{g] 5}gg\ eGg] ljZjf; 5 . á

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 5

 ltxf/sf] lemlnldnL
km"n l6kf}F ldlnh'nL

cfxf Û /ª\uLrª\uL km"n .

z/b -c;f]h–sflQs_ Ct'sf] of] df};d
xf] . x]dGt -dª\l;/–k';_ Ct' ;'? x'g] a]nf klg
eof] . jiff{ Ct' ;lsP/ ;'? ePsf] z/b Ct'df
v'n]sf] gLnf] ;kmf cfsfz / htftt} xl/ofnL
b]lvG5 . z/b Ct'df au}Frf, sfGnf, s/];faf/L
/ 3/ cfFugsf l8ndf n6/Dd cg]sy/L df};dL
km"n km'N5g\ . em'N5g\ . bLks >]i7
cF Û ;x/df t 3/sf sf};L / a/08fdf
/flvPsf udnfdf klg ljleGg hftsf km"n
km'N5g\ . of] a]nf t nfn'kft], ;okqL, dvdnL,
uf]bfj/L, a]nL, rd]nL, nfx'/], KofpnL, UjFu:jfF, xh'/cfdf, afcfdf, sfsfsfsL, bfOlbbLnfO{
sFj]/fh:tf km"nsf] df};d xf] . km"nsf] o:tf] ;f]w]/ tL km"nsf gfd sfkLdf n]Vg';\ t, slt
df};dn] ltxf/ glhlsPsf] emNsf] lbO/x]5 . /dfOnf] x'G5 < km"nsf] /ªx¿sf af/]df klg
9sdSs km"n km'n]sf] b]Vbf cfxf Û xfd|f] dg n]Vg';\ x} .
klg /dfO/x]5 . jfp Û slt 3dfOnf], slt ltxf/df nufOg] ;Kt/ª\uL 6Lsfsf ;a}
/dfOnf] < /ªx¿ km"ndf klg x'G5g\ . cem ltgLx¿sf]
afa'gfgLx¿ Û tkfO+{x¿nfO{ dg kg]{ km"n s'g lrq klg agfpg';\ t, emg\ slt /dfOnf] x'G5
xf] < dnfO{ eGg';\ t . tkfO{+sf] 3/cfFug / j/k/ < clg To;/L agfPsf] lrq xfdLnfO{ klg
klg km"n k'mn]sf] xf]nf x}g < slt km"nsf] t k7fpg';\ n, xfdL 5fK5f}F lg tkfO{+n] agfPsf
tkfO{+x¿nfO{ gfd klg yfxf 5}g xf]nf < xh'/af, lrqx¿ . kVg\; kVg';\, km"nsf sljtf / syf

6 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 bz}F glhs} cfpFb} 5. clgjfo{h:t} x'G5 . To;}n] t ltxf/sf a]nf
ltdLx? klg /dfOnf];Fu dvdnL km"nsf] dfnf g]kfnaf6 ljb]z;d]t
bz}F dgfpg'. gofF n'uf, lgof{t x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
v;Laf]sfsf nflu dvdnL km"n slxn] klg gcf]Olng] ePsfn]
cfdfa'afnfO{ b'Mv glbg'. bL3f{o' / :j:y hLjgsf] k|tLssf ¿kdf lnOG5 .
To;}n] ltxf/df bfh'efOsf] bL3f{o'sf] sfdgf u/L
pxfFx?n] ;Sbf] ltdLx¿nfO{ lbbLalxgLn] dvdnL dfnf nufOlbG5g\ .
dL7f] vfgf, /fd|f] gfgfsf]
Joj:yf ug{' g} x'g]5. dxf/fgLnfO{ k7fPsf] pkxf/df dvdnL km"n
dvdnL km"nn] P]ltxfl;s dxìj;d]t
klg n]Vg';\ clg afafcfdfnfO{ ;'gfpg';\ x} . af]s]sf] 5 . >L # hª\uaxfb'/ /f0ffn] ;g\ !*%%
tkfO{+n] n]v]sf sljtf, syf / ofqf ;Demgf df a]nfotsL dxf/fgLnfO{ k7fPsf] pkxf/df
klg k7fpg';\ x} d'gf klqsfdf . dvdnL km"n klg k/]sf] lyof] . o; s''/fn] klg
z/b Ct'nfO{ t km"nsf] df};d klg dvdnL km"nsf] dxìjnfO{ k|:6;Fu bzf{pF5 .
elgG5 . clg oxL a]nfdf g]kfnLsf] 3/cfFugdf ;'kf/Lh:tf] cfsf/sf] ePsfn] g]kfn efiffdf
bz}F, ltxf/ / 57h:tf kj{ cfpF5g\ . oxL a]nf u'o]F :jfF elgG5 . dvdnL km"n uf9f sn]hL,
sf7df8f}Fdf OGb|hfqf dgfOG5 . t/fO{df lhltof ;]tf] / xNsf /ftf] /ªdf kfOG5 .
kj{ dgfOG5 . 57 kj{ klg ltxf/nuQ} dgfOG5 afa'gfgLx¿ Û tkfO{+x¿ klg km"nbfgLdf
s6ˆnfj/ /fv]/ cfkm" k9\g] sf]7f ;hfpg] ls
dvdnL <
dvdnL km'n]kl5 lbbLalxgL v';Ln] cF, tkfO{+x¿sf] bz}F s:tf] eof] s'GgL < ;f]Wg}
/dfpF5g\ . dvdnL km"nsf] ;f+:s[lts dxìj la;]{5' . bz}Fdf 6Lsf nufpg sxfF sxfF hfg'eof]
5 . ltxf/sf a]nf lbbLalxgLn] bfh'efOnfO{ … < lkª klg v]Ng'eof] xf]nf < bz}Fsf] 3"d3fd,
efO6LsfÚ nufOlbFbf dvdnL km"nsf] dfnf 6Lsf6fnf] / /dfOnf]sf af/]df s]xL n]Vg' klg

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 7

 ltxf/df sfu
ltxf/b]lv g} 3/3/df
bLkfjnL ;'? x'G5 .
3/ lnkkf]t u/]/ ;kmf
eof] ls < s]xL lrq klg agfpg'eof] ls < d}n] kfl/G5 . klxnf klxnf
dfly g} eg]F lg, tkfO{+sf lrq, syf, sljtf xfdL df6f]sf] lbof]df t]n
5fK5f+F} x} . To;sf nflu xfd|f] ljB'tLo 7]ufgf
Od]ndf k7fpg ;Sg'x'g] 5 . xfn]/ ltxf/df lemlnldnL
aQL aflnGYof],
cfxf Û lemlnldnL aQL 3/3/sf em\ofndf
ltxf/df sfu ltxf/b]lv g} 3/3/df bLkfjnL nx/} . d"n9f]sf, afb{nL,
;'? x'G5 . 3/ lnkkf]t u/]/ ;kmf kfl/G5 . rf]6f sf]7fdf lbof]
klxnf klxnf df6f]sf] lbof]df t]n xfn]/ ltxf/df /flvGYof] .
lemlnldnL aQL aflnGYof], 3/3/sf em\ofndf yfN5g\, b]pl;/]sf efsfdf . sDd/df dfbn
nx/} . d"n9f]sf, afb{nL, rf]6f sf]7fdf lbof] le/]/ b]p;L v]Ng]x¿sf] hd36 aflSnFb}
/flvGYof] . clxn] t d}gaQL kfOG5 t/ sltkon] hfG5 . lkª v]Ng]sf] nsf]{ p:t} . 6f]n6f]nsf
t df6f]sf lbof] g} k|of]u ub{5g\ . xfd|f ;Lk, 1fg lszf]/L, aflnsfx¿ klg ;fyL;fyL ldn]/ e}nL
/ ;+:s[lt;Fu ufFl;Psf k/Dk/fut j:t' k|of]u v]Ng l5d]slt/ hfG5g\ . tkfO{+x¿ klg t hfg]
ug'{ /fd|f] klg xf] . xf]nf lg, e}nL / b]p;L v]Ng . n' d e6\ofpF5',
ltxf/df sfu, s's'/, ufO{sf] k"hf;d]t tkfO{+x¿ klg b]p;L /] eGg';\ .
ul/G5 . xfd|f] ;+:s[ltn] kz', kG5L / k|s[ltnfO{ P egeg efO xf]=======
klg dfof ug'{k5{ eGg] ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 . P /ftf] df6f]===========
ltxf/df k6fsf k8\sfpg] of]hgf klg xf]nf lg, P lrKnf] af6f]=========
x}g < t/ of] ;'/Iffsf lx;fan] lgs} hf]lvd 5 . P n8\b} k8\b}==========
ltxf/df k6fsf, e'OFrDkf, /s]6rflxF k8\sfpg' P s]/fsf] yDdf=====
x'Gg x} afa'gfgLx¿ . lem/lem/]rflxF ;'/lIft P kfFr efO hDdf====
¿kdf v]n] x'G5 t/ afafcfdf;Fu a;]/ . P cfof}F x} b]p;]===============
ltxf/sf a]nf 3/3/df ;]n/f]6Lsf] :jflbnf] n' ca tkfO{x? klg e6\ofpg';\ x}, d b]p;L
af:gf rNg yfN5 . ufpFa:tLlt/ dfbn 3lGsGg /] eG5' . á

8 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 wfld{s snf ;+:s[ltdf Pstf /x]sf]
g]kfnLx¿sf] dxfg\ rf8 km"n}km"nsf] kj{ xf]
ltxf/ . 9sdSs km'n]sf ;okqL, dvdnL,
uf]bfj/Lh:tf km"nx¿sf] jf;gfsf] pdª\un] lbbL alxgLx?n] cfˆgf]
pi0f Ct'nfO{ labfO ub}{ gofF pT;fx / hf]; bfh'efOsf] bL3{hLjgsf]
hfFu/n] el/Psf] ;b\efjsf ;fy x/]s hLjhGt', sfdgf u/L efO6Lsf ug]{
k|f0fLx¿nfO{ k"hf u/]/ d]nldnfksf] xft lkmhfpFb} rng 5 . ;fy} ltxf/df
dgfpg] u/]sf] ltxf/ kj{sf] cfˆgf] 5'§} df}lns b]p;L e}nf] gfrufgsf
ljz]iftf /x]sf] kfOG5 .
xfd|f] b]z s[lif k|wfg b]z ePs} sf/0f ;fy v]lnG5 . cfˆgf]
dfgf] /f]kL d'/L kmnfpg] cyf{t\ gofF cGgafnL uR5] cg';f/ bfg blIf0ff
leœofpg] ePsfn] ltxf/ kj{ h;nfO{ b]jL ug{fn] b]jL wgwfGo eO{
wgwfGo ufO{ ltxf/ klg eGg] ul/G5 . o; kj{df 3/df ;wF} nIdLsf] af;
ljz]if u/]/ lbbLalxgLx¿n] cfˆgf] bfh'efOsf] x'g] ljZjf; klg /x]sf]
bL3{hLjgsf] sfdgf u/L efO6Lsf ug]{ rng 5.
5 . ;fy} ltxf/df b]p;L e}nf], gfrufgsf ;fy
v]lnG5 . cfˆgf] uR5]cg';f/ bfgblIf0ff ugf{n]
b]jL wgwfGo eO{ 3/df ;wF} nIdLsf] afF; x'g]
ljZjf; klg /x]sf] 5 . sflt{s s[i0f kIfsf]
qof]bzL ltlyaf6 a'? eO{ sflt{s z'Sn låltof cToGt rnfv / odb"tsf ¿kdf dflgPsfn]
ltlyleqsf] kfFr lbg;Dd ltxf/ kj{ dgfOg] o;sf] k"hf ugf{n] od/fhsf] g/fd|f] va/ ;'Gg
ePsf]n] o;nfO{ lxGb' wfld{s k/Dk/fcg';f/ gkg]{ wfld{s ljZjf; /x]sf] 5 .
odk~rs klg elgG5 . ltxf/ kj{;Fu w]/} /f]rs odk~rssf] bf];|f] lbg cyf{t\ s[i0f
k|;ª\u hf]l8Psf] kfOG5 . ltxf/sf] klxnf] lbg rt'b{zLsf lbg sfn e}/j / od/fhsf jfxg
;dfrf/sf ;+jfxs dflgPsf sfunfO{ k"hf dflgPsf s's'/nfO{ dL7f] vfg]s'/f v'jfO{ k"hf
ul/G5 . h;nfO{ sfu ltxf/ elgG5 . sfu u/L dfnf nfufOlbg] k|rng /x]sf] 5 . s's'/

Zofds[i0f 8ª\uf]n ‘k|tLIff’

efO6Lsfsf]
dlxdf
@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 9
 xftn] prfn]/ ;a} uf]s'njf;Lsf] /Iff u/]sf]
sf/0fn] åfk/o'udf OGb|sf] lj/f]w ub}{ s[i0fn]
uf]j4{gsf] k"hf u/]kl5 aln /fhf v';L eP/
pgn] uf]s'ndf wgwfGo nIdLsf] e08f/ eg{
cfˆgf b"tnfO{ dg'ionf]sdf k7fPsf] ls+jbGtL
/x]sf] 5 . uf]j4{g k"hfsf] csf]{ ljz]iftf eg]sf]
cfTdf /Iffsf nflu ul/g] DxMk"hf cyf{t\ z/L/
k"hf cfˆgf] z/L/df cfkm}Fn] k"hf u/]/ g]jf/
;d'bfon] dgfpg] DxMk"hf xf] .
ltxf/ kj{sf] csf]{ dxìjk"0f{ kIf eg]sf]
efO6Lsf xf] . odk~rssf] kFfrf}F lbg cyf{t\
clGtd lbg efO6Lsf lbbLalxgLx¿n] cfˆgf
bfh'efOx¿sf] bL3f{o'sf] sfdgf ub}{ ljz]if

k/fk"j{sfndf od/fhsL lbbL

od'gfn] klg cfˆgf efOnfO{ arfpg
od/fhnfO{ k"hf u/]/ laGtL r9fPsf]
sygcg';f/ efO6Lsf ug]{ rng
/lxcfPsf] 5 . efO6Lsfsf] lbg
sf7df8f}Fsf] /fgLkf]v/Ldf /x]sf]
3/kfn'jf hgfj/ ePsf]n] 3/sf] /]vb]vsf
nflu dflg;n] kfNg] u/]sf] 5 . k|fs[lts k|sf]k odn]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] dlGb/df uP/
tyf cGo ljklQ x'g] a]nfdf s's'/n] k"j{ ;ª\s]t bfh'efO tyf lbbLalxgLx? gx'g]n]
lbg] ub{5 . To; sf/0f, lxGb' zf:qcg';f/ ltxf/ efO6Lsf ug]{ k|rng /x]sf] 5 .
kj{df s's'/ ltxf/sf] dxìj ufFl;Psf] b]lvG5 .
ltxf/ kj{sf] t];|f] lbg 3/3/df bLkfjnL u/L ;Ddfgsf ;fy slxNo} g;'Sg] t]n tyf b'af]n]
wgwfGosL b]jL nIdL k"hf u/]/ nIdL leœofpg] 5]sL, hLjgdf s]xL ;d:of gcfpg\ eg]/ lgwf/df
rng /x]sf] 5 . lxGb' wd{df ufO{nfO{ nIdL ;Kt/ª\uL 6Lsf, unfdf ;okqL, uf]bfj/L, b'af],
dftfsf] ;fIffTsf/sf ¿kdf lnOg] ePsf]n] o; dvdnL km"nsf] dfnf klx¥ofpFb} efO6Lsf
lbg t'n;Lsf] d7b]lv lnP/ 3/sf] d"n9f]sfaf6 ul/G5 . bfh'efOx¿n] klg lbbLalxgLx¿nfO{
k"hfsf]7f jf e08f/ sf]7f;Dd bLkfjnLsf ;fy 6Lsf nufOlbP/ cfˆgf] uR5]cg';f/ blIf0ff
l;Fuf/L nIdL k"hf ul/G5 . Pj+ j:q cflb pkxf/:j¿k lbg] ub{5g\ .
wfld{s k/Dk/f jf ;fdflhs ;+:sf/ ug'{cl3 efO6Lsfsf] ;Gb{edf Pp6f /f]rs k|;ª\u klg
ufO{sf] uf]a/n] lnkkf]t u/]/ ufO{sf] uxF't /x]sf] 5 . k/fk"j{sfndf od/fhsL lbbL od'gfn]
5s]{/ 3/nfO{ z'4 kfg]{ ul/G5 . ufO{sf] uxF't klg cfˆgf efOnfO{ arfpg od/fhnfO{ k"hf u/]/
lkPdf w]/} /f]u lgsf] x'g] hgljZjf; klg /x]sf] laGtL r9fPsf] sygcg';f/ efO6Lsf ug]{ rng
5 . nIdL k"hfs} lbg dxfslj nIdLk|;fb /lxcfPsf] 5 . efO6Lsfsf] lbg sf7df8f}Fsf]
b]jsf]6fsf] hGd lbg klg k/]sfn] nIdL k"hf /fgLkf]v/Ldf /x]sf] odn]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] dlGb/df
cyf{t\ ufO{ ltxf/ clj:d/0fLo /x]sf] 5 . ltxf/ uP/ bfh'efO tyf lbbLalxgLx¿ gx'g]n] efO6Lsf
odk~rssf] lbg kf}/fl0fs sygcg';f/ jif{el/ ug]{ k|rng /x]sf] 5 . od/fhsf] d'vaf6 lbbL
v]taf/L hf]t]/ df6f] pj{/ agfpg] uf]?nfO{ od'gfn] efOnfO{ arfPsf] ;Demgfdf efO6Lsfsf]
l;Fuf/]/ dL7f] vfg]s'/f v'jfP/ uf]? k"hf ul/G5 . dlxdfn] lbbLefOsf] ;DaGw k|uf9 /xg]df yk
o;} l;nl;nfdf eujfg\ s[i0fn] klg kj{tnfO{ pmhf{ ldn]sf] b]lvG5 . á

10 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

kl/sf/

ltxf/sf]
/f]6L
efOalxgLx¿ xfdL 3/df c¿ ;dodf
klg ;]n/f]6L t vfG5f}F t/ ltxf/df ksfpg]
;]n/f]6Lsf] ljz]if dxìj x'g] u5{ . ;]n/f]6L
xfdL g]kfnLx¿nfO{ lrgfpg] kl/sf/ klg xf] .
xfsLsxfF ltxf/df dfq xf]Og ljjfx, ef]h, k"hf
ul/Fbf klg xfdLn] eujfg\nfO{ r9fpg] dxìjk"0f{
ksjfg dflgG5 . o;sf] jf;gfn] s'g} klg ug{
k'ikf cfrfo{

;]n/f]6L xfdL g]kfnLx?nfO{

lrgfpg] kl/sf/ klg xf] .
xfsLsxfF ltxf/df dfq xf]Og
ljjfx, ef]h, k'hf ul/Fbf klg
xfdLn] eujfg\nfO{ r9fpg]
dxŒjk"0f{ ksjfg dflgG5 .
o;sf] jf;gfn] s'g} klg
ug{ nfluPsf] sfdk|lt
;sf/fTds kmn ldN5
eGg] egfO /lxcfPsf] 5 .

nfluPsf] sfdk|lt ;sf/fTds kmn ldN5 eGg]

egfO /lxcfPsf] 5 .
ltxf/df ;]n/f]6L ksfpg'sf] km]l/ 5'§}
dxìj 5 . nIdL k"hfsf] lbg 3/df nIdLnfO{
r9fpg] k|;fb g} dflgG5 . of] lbg 3/df jf;gf
cfpg] u/L ksfof] eg] nIdL eujfg\ v';L
eP/ 3/ cfpg'x'G5 klg elgG5 . ltxf/df
bfh'efOnfO{ klg ;u'gsf ¿kdf ;]n/f]6L lbFbf
z'e x'G5 elgG5 . ;]n/f]6L h:t} ltxf/df c;f{,

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 11

 3/df olt dL7f]
dL7f] vfg] s'/fx?
kfs]kl5 xfdLnfO{
;fRr} g}
ltxf/ cfPsf]
h:Tff], slxn]
6Lsf nufP/
bfh'efOnfO{ lbg'
/ v'jfpmFh:tf] x'g]
eOxfNof] .

cg/;f, lkmg]/f]6L / lelnª\uf klg plQs}

dxìjk"0f{ dflgG5 . rfdnaf6 agfOg] oL ljleGg
;fdu|Lx¿ cToGt} dL7f] / vfpmF vfpmF nfUg]
vfnsf vfg]s'/f x'g \.
Rffdn lehfP/ lkFw]/ kL7f] agfP/ kL7f]nfO{
xftn] uf]nf] cfsf/df 3'dfpg ldNg] ePkl5
cfuf]df t]n ttfP/ uf]nf] uf]nf] agfP/ :jflbnf]
;]n/f]6L agfpg ;lsG5 . To:t} rfdnnfO{
dl;gf] agfP/ lkFw]sf] kL7f]nfO{ kfs]sf] ;Sv/df
ksfP/ ;fgf] ;fgf] cfsf/df xftn] lyr]/ c;f{
/f]6L agfpg ;lsG5 . o;nfO{ e]nL /f]6L klg
elgG5 .
rfdnsf] kL7f]nfO{ l98f] agfP/ ;fgf]
hfnL ePsf] d]l;gdf k]n]/ lemlnª\uf klg
agfpg ;lsG5 . lemlnª\ufnfO{ dhfn] 3fddf
;'sfPkl5 dfq t]ndf km'/fP/ vfFbf :jflbnf] of]afx]s ltxf/df bfh'efOnfO{
x'G5 . agfpg ufx|f] eP klg lemlnª\uf x]bf{ g} lbg] c? d;nfx?sf] klg
vfpFm vfpFm nfUg] vfnsf] x'g] u5{ . plQs} dxŒj 5 . ltxf/
o;/L rfdnafx]s ltxf/df d}bfsf] kL7f]af6 cfkmF}df dxŒjk"0f{ / /dfOnf]sf]
klg kqf kqf agfP/ a]n]/ ;fgf] ;fgf] cfsf/df
sf6]/ lkmg]/f]6L agfpg ;lsG5 . of] klg ltxf/df kj{ xf] . y/Ly/Lsf /f]6Lx?n]
bfh'efOnfO{ ;u'g lbFbf cfsif{s b]lvg] vfg]s'/f o;sf] dxŒj emg\ a9fpg] u5{ .
xf] . t]ndf ksfpg] ePsfn] oL vfg]s'/fx¿ vfFbf
s]xL ljrf/ eg] k'¥ofpg' k5{ x} efOalxgLx¿ . plQs} dxìj 5 . ltxf/ cfkm}Fdf dxìjk"0f{ /
vfnL k]6df gvfg], w]/} af;L gvfg] / ksfpFbf /dfOnf]sf] kj{ xf] . y/Ly/Lsf /f]6Lx¿n] o;sf]
/fd|f] t]ndf ksfpg] ug{'k5{ . ltxf/df xfdL dxìj emg\ a9fpg] u5{ .
olt w]/} s'/f ksfpF5f}F . 3/df olt dL7f] dL7f] efOalxgLx¿ xfdL g]kfnL xfd|f] wd{, ;+:s[lt,
vfg] s'/fx¿ kfs]kl5 xfdLnfO{ ;fRr} g} ltxf/ hft–hflt / rf8kj{x¿df c¿ b]zeGbf km/s
cfPsf] h:Tff], slxn] 6Lsf nufP/ bfh'efOnfO{ 5f}F . xfd|f] x/]s s'/fdf ljljwtf 5 . o:t} kj{df
lbg' / v'jfpFm h:tf] x'g] eOxfNof] . of]afx]s emg\ w]/} ljz]iftf 5g\ . Tof] ljz]iftfx¿df ltxf/
ltxf/df bfh'efOnfO{ lbg] c¿ d;nfx¿sf] klg kj{sf] ljljwtf klg Pp6f xf] . á

12 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 ;+:s[lt

b]p;L / e}nf]
e}lngL cfOg\ cfFug ltxf/nfO{ bLkfjnL, ltxf/ jf
u'Go' rf]Nff] dfug odk~rs klg elgG5. ltxf/sf kfFr
x] cf}F;L af/ ufO{ ltxf/ e}nf]=== lbgx¿dWo] klxnf] lbg sfu ltxf/
efOalxgLx¿ Û Kf|To]s jif{ sflt{s s[i0f xf]. To:t} bf];|f] lbg s's'/ ltxf/ /
qof]bzLb]lv sflt{s z'Ns låtLof;Dd lxGb' t];|f] lbg ufO{ ltxf/ Pj+ nIdL k"hf
wdf{jnDaLx¿n] dgfpg] ljz]if rf8 g} ltxf/ xf] . o:t} ltxf/sf] rf}yf] lbgnfO{ uf]?
xf] . ltxf/nfO{ bLkfjnL, ltxf/ jf odk~rs
klg elgG5 . ltxf/sf kfFr lbgx¿dWo] klxnf] ltxf/, uf]j4{g k"hf jf DxMk"hf elgG5
lbg sfu ltxf/ xf] . To:t} bf];|f] lbg s's'/ ltxf/ eg] kfFrf}F lbgnfO{ efO6Lsf elgG5 .
/ t];|f] lbg ufO{ ltxf/ Pj+ nIdL k"hf xf] .
o:t} ltxf/sf] rf}yf] lbgnfO{ uf]? ltxf/, uf]j4{g
k"hf jf DxMk"hf elgG5 eg] kfFrf}F lbgnfO{
efO6Lsf elgG5 .
ltxf/df ufOg] ;f+:s[lts uLtsf ¿kdf
b]p;L / e}nLnfO{ lnOG5 . o;sf] cfˆg}
dxìj /x]sf] 5 . sflQ{s s[i0f cf}F;L cyf{t\
ufO{ ltxf/sf] /ftdf ufOg] nf]sufyfnfO{ e}nf]
elgG5 . e}nf] 5f]/Lr]nLx¿n] uLt ufP/ gfrufg
u/L dgfpg] ub{5g\ . ;+:s[lt emNsg] u/L ;/:jtL 9'ª\ufgf
cfcfˆgf j]ife"iffdf ;lhP/ e}nf] v]Ng] ul/G5 .
@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 13
o:t} ltxf/sf] csf]{ cfsif{0f b]p;L klg xf] . kf}/fl0fs sygcg';f/ b]p;L /
b]p;L NfIdL k"hfsf] ef]lnkN6 / kl;{kN6 v]Ng]
rng 5 . kf}/fl0fs sygcg';f/ b]p;L / e}nf] e}nf] v]Ng] rng /fhf alnsf]
v]Ng] rng /fhf alnsf] kfnfb]lv rn]sf] xf] . kfnfb]lv rn]sf] xf]. aln /fhf
aln /fhf ;TojfbL Pj+ bfgL lYfP . pgL dfUGf ;TojfbL Pj+ bfgL lYfP. pgL
cfpg]nfO{ l/Qf] xft kmsf{pFb}gy] . pgdf cledfg dfUGf cfpg]nfO{ l/Qf] xft
lyof], To;}n] pQm cledfg tf]8\g eujfg\ lji0f' kmsf{pFb}gy]. pgdf cledfg
jfdg ¿k wf/0f u/]/ tLg kfp hldg dfUg aln lyof], To;}n] pQm cledfg
/fhfsf b/af/df k'U5g\ . tf]8\g eujfg\ lji0f' jfdg ¿k
aln /fhfn] b'O{ kfp /fVg] 7fpF lbG5g\ wf/0f u/]/ tLg kfp hldg
t/ t];|f] kfp /fVg] 7fpF gkfPkl5 jfdgn] b]p dfUg aln /fhfsf b/af/df
zL/eGbf pgn] cfˆg} zL/ lbP5g\ . To;kl5 k'U5g\.
pgL efl:;P/ kftfndf k'u]5g\ . o;/L ;j{:j
x/0f x'Fbf / kftfn k'Ubf;d]t aln /fhf b'MvL

ePg 5g\ . dgfpg' kb{5 . xfdLn] xfd|f k/Dk/f / ;+:sf/

aln /fhf k|;Gg ePsf] b]v]/ lji0f' eujfg\n] hf]ufpg' kb{5 . ;a}n] dof{lbt / lzi6 ¿kdf
aln /fhfnfO{ :ju{, dTo{ / kftfn tLg} nf]s tLg b]p;L / e}nf] v]Ng' kb{5 . ljleGg ;fdflhs
lbgsf nflu ltd|f gfddf /x"g\ egL j/bfg lbP . ;+:yfx¿n] klg ljleGg sfo{ ug{sf nflu b]p;L
To; pk|fGt oxL s'/fnfO{ :Df/0f u/L dflg;x¿ sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]/ /sd hDdf u/]sf]
e}nf] Pj+ b]p;L v]Ng] ub{5g\ / e6\ofpFbf xfdL kfOG5 . xfdLx¿n] b]p;L / e}nf]nfO{ :jR5
To;} cfPgf}F aln /fhfn] k7fPsf] eGb5g\ . ¿kdf dgfpg' kb{5 . cfˆg} d"No, dfGotf /
ltxf/df ljleGg ljs[lt lelqPsf 5g\ . k/Dk/fnfO{ ;+/If0f ug{' xfdL ;a}sf] dxìjk"0f{
To:tf ljs[ltnfO{ x6fP/ :jR5 ¿kdf of] kj{ sfo{ xf] . á

14 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 afngf6s

kfqx¿ M
dbg M a'af
dgLiff M cfdf lqljqmd bfxfn
dbg M sfG5f] 5f]/f]
cg'zf / /ldnf M dbgsf] lbbLx¿
lbg]z, dbg / dgLiffsf] b'O{6L 5f]/L kl5sf] sfG5f] 5f]/f]
lbg]z cf7 jif{sf] eof] . lbbLx¿ cg'zf / /ldnf eg]
ltxf/ /
!@ / !& jif{sf] .
lbbL

æcfh ltxf/sf] klxnf] lbg sfu ltxf/ . æyfx 5 5f]/f < nIdL eg]sf] sf] x'g\ <Æ
ælbg]z Û nu]/ of] eft sfunfO{ b] b] .Æ cfdfn] a'afn] lbg]znfO{ ;f]Wg'eof] .
efG;fsf]7faf6 cfjfh lbOg\ . æeujfg\ x'g\ nIdL eg]sf] .Æ lbg]zn] hjfkm
lbg]zn] v';L x'Fb} uP/ sfunfO{ æsfu Û sfu lbof] .
ÛÛ sfu ÛÛÛÆ ub}{ 8fSof] . s]xLa]/d} sfux¿ cfP æx}g\ Û nIdL eg]sf] 3/sf 5f]/Lx¿ x'g\ .
/ ;a} eft Ps}l5gdf vfO;s] . 3/sf 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ g} nIdLsf] :j¿k dfGg] rng
ef]lnkN6 s's'/ ltxf/sf] lbg klg p;n] 5 .Æ a'afn] eGg'eof] .
sfunfO{ eft lbPem}F s's'/nfO{ eft lbof] . a'afsf] of] s'/f cg'zf / /ldnfn] klg
ca nIdLk"hfsf] lbg cfof] . ;'lg/x]sf lyP . a'afn] cfkm"nfO{ nIdL

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 15

eGg'ePsf] ;'g]/ pgLx¿ b'j} hgf v';L eP . æyfx 5 5f]/f < nIdL
æ;fFRr} xfdL nIdL xf}F a'af <Æ cg'zfn] eg]sf] sf] x'g\ <Æ a'afn]
xif{sf ;fy ;f]lwg\ .
æxf} lg 5f]/L .Æ eGb} a'afn] 5f]/LnfO{ cfˆgf] lbg]znfO{ ;f]Wg'eof] .
sfvdf /fv]/ 6fpsf] ;'D;'DofOlbof] . æeujfg\ x'g\ nIdL
æclg afaf Û xfdL 3/df lemlnldnL aQL eg]sf] .Æ lbg]zn] hjfkm
gnufpg] < xfd|f]df /flt lbof] gafNg] <Æ /ldnfn] lbof] .
;f]lwg\ . æx}g\ Û nIdL eg]sf]
æca ahf/ uP/ d lemlnldnL aQL NofpF5' 3/sf 5f]/Lx¿ x'g\ . 3/sf
clg d]/f 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿ ldn]/ 3/ ;hfpF5g\ lg x} 5f]/Lx?nfO{ g} nIdLsf]
<Æ a'afn] d';'Ss xfF:b} eGg'eof] . :j¿k dfGg] rng 5 .Æ
x'G5 a'af eGb} tLg} hgfn] a'afnfO{ cFufnf] a'afn] eGg'eof] .
xfn] .
dbgn] lbpF;f] ahf/ uP/ lemlnldnL aQL /
3/ ;hfpg] sfutsf] ;fdu|Lx¿ Nofof] . Tof] /dfOnf] dfxf]n b]v]/ cg'zfnfO{ klg
/ldnf, cg'zf / lbg]z tLg} hgf ldn]/ e}nL v]Ng /x/ hfUof] .
;fFem;Dddf 3/ ;hfO;s]sf lyP . æafaf Û afaf Û xfdL klg hfG5f}F lg e}lngL
dbg / dgLiff 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿n] ldn]/ sfd v]Ng .Æ cg'zfn] a'af;Fu cg'dlt dflug\ .
;s]sf] b]v]/ cf}wL v';L lyP . a'afn] p;sf] cg'dlt c:jLsf/ ug{'eof] .
æca nIdLk"hfsf] tof/L ug{'k5{ . km]l/ clxn] ælog} 6f]nL;Fu oxLF cfˆg} 3/df v]n g\ .Æ
e}nL v]Ng]x¿ cfOk'U5g\ .æ a'afn] eGg'eof] . pxfFn] yKg'eof] .
æe}lngL cfOg\ cfFug, a9f/L s'8f/L /fvg a'afn] krf; ?lkofF lbP/ e}nLx¿nfO{ labf
x] Û cf}F;Lsf] af/f], ufO{ ltxf/f] e}nf] .Æ 3/sf] lbP . ca km]l/ afFsL lbgsf] tof/L s;/L ug{]
cfFugaf6 cfjfh cfof] . pgLx¿ ;f]Rg yfn] . á

16 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

sljtf

57
d]/f] ;fyL 57 dgfpg
dw];df uf 5
lxhf] dfq kmf]g ub}{
/dfO{ /dfO{ /f 5 ..
kxf8df bz}F h:t}
dw];df 57
sflQsdf /dfpg
d'lQmgfy zdf{ cfpg] u5{ 57 ..
bz}F dfGbf b]jL k"hf
57df klg k"hf
rf8af8 cfP ls t
htftt} k"hf ..
dL7f] kfkf b]ptfnfO{
r9fP/ vfg'
eGg'x'G5 xh'/afn]
olt s'/f dfGg' ..
lxdfndf b]ptf 5g\
kxf8df Bf}tf
dw];df klg 7"nf
x'G5g\ 57 Bf}tf ..

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 17

 ;+:s[lt

rGb|kfqf]cg'¿k u0fgf x'g]

g]kfn ;+jt\s} lbg g]jf/x?n]
cfˆgf] lhp cfkm}Fn] k'hL DxMk"hf
ub{5g\ eg] ltlysf] cfwf/df
g]kfn ;+jt\ u0fgf ul/G5 .

kbd >]i7
DxMk"hf
efOalxgLx¿, xfd|f] b]z g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf gofF jif{ g]kfn ;+jt\ klg dgfpg] u5f}{+ .
7"nf] kj{ bz}F, ltxf/nfO{ dflgG5 . ltxf/ kj{sf rGb|kfqf]cg'¿k u0fgf x'g] g]kfn ;+jt\s}
af/]df xfdL ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 t/ ltxf/df g]jf/ lbg g]jf/x¿n] cfˆgf] lhp cfkm}Fn] k'hL
;d'bfon] eg] cfˆgf] z/L/nfO{ cfkm}Fn] k"hf DxMk"hf ub{5g\ eg] ltlysf] cfwf/df g]kfn
ug{] u5{g\ . of] s'/f c¿ wd{ / ;Dk|bfosf ;+jt\ u0fgf ul/G5 .
efOalxgLx¿nfO{ /f]rs / /dfOnf] klg nfUg bLkfjnLsf kfFr lbg leq Dxk'hf
;S5 . o; lbgnfO{ DxMk"hf elgG5 . cfˆgf] bz}FnuQ}sf] kj{ ltxf/ sflt{s s[i0f qof]bzL
lhp cfkm}Fn] k'hL dgfOg] DxMk"hf;lxtsf] xfdL ltlyb]lv sflt{s z'Sn låtLof;Ddsf kfFr lbg

18 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

dgfOG5 . k|fs[lts u'0fsf] cfwf/df sfu ltxf/,
s's'/ k"hf / nIdLk"hfsf] Ps lbgcl3 x'g]
uf]j4{g k"hfsf] lbg ljz]if u/L g]jf/ ;d'bfodf
cfˆgf] lhp cfkm}Fn] k'h]/ k|fs[lts ljklQ,
/f]uJofwLaf6 aRg ;kmn ePsf] v'l;ofnLdf
DxMk"hf ug]{ k/Dk/f 5 .
DxMk"hf / hª\s' dlxdf
Dxn] g]kfn efiffdf lhp / k"hfsf] cy{
;Ddfg xf] . g]kfn ;+jtsf] klxnf] lbg s5nfYj
kf¿ gofF jif{sf] lbg g]jf/x¿n] cfˆgf] lhp
cfkm}Fn] k'Hg] DXMk"hf u5{g\ .
o; lbg 3/sf ;a} hgf ;'s'ndf
nx/} /ftf] df6f], uf]a/n] lnk]sf] 7fpFdf
a:5g\ . ci6snzsf] k|tLs xft}n] rfdnsf]
kL7f], u]8fdf;, cfVof] -l;ª\uf] rfdn_ kmnkm"n,
ld7fO{ /fvL d08nf agfOG5 / v]n'O6f, df5f,
c08f, bxL, /S;Lsf] ;u'g ysfnL gsL{+ -3/sL

3/sf ;a} hgf ;'s'ndf nx/}

/ftf] df6f], uf]a/n] lnk]sf] 7fpFdf
a:5g\. ci6snzsf] k|tLs
xft}n] rfdnsf] kL7f], u]8fdf;,
cfVof] -l;ª\uf] rfdn_ kmnkm"n,
ld7fO{ /fvL d08nf agfOG5 hF eGgfn] lhp–9f8 / s' sf] cy{ ef/L
/ v]n'O6f, df5f, c08f, bxL, cyf{t\ z/L/sf] ef/L la;fpg] cj;/nfO{ hª\s'
/S;Lsf] ;u'g ysfnL gsL{+ le+ elgPsf] xf] . To;}u/L bf];|f] Hof hª\s'
-3/sL d"nL dlxnf_af6 vfOG5, j[4j[4fn] Ps xhf/ kN6 k"0f{rGb| b]v]sf] jif{
cyf{t\ em08} *) jif{sf] xf/fxf/Ldf ul/G5 eg]
DxMk"hfdf. t];|f] dxf/yf/f]x0f (( jif{ ( dlxgf ( lbg (
d"nL dlxnf_af6 vfOG5, DxMk"hfdf . ;u'gcl3 knf ( 38L em08} Ps ;o jif{sf lbg x'G5 .
tfo÷nfjf, sfnf] e6df;, s6';, ;okqLsf] j[4 hªsf] g]jf/sf dfq xf]Og
km"n ld;fP/ ysfnL gsL{+n] qmdzM 6fpsf], s'd, If]qL a|fXd0fsf klg hLjgsf] Ps kN6 *$
v'6\6fdf 5'jfpFb} zL/af6 vGofOG5 . o;/L jif{ufF7sf] cj;/df ug]{ k/Dk/f 5 efOalxgLx¿ .
cfˆgf] z/L/ cfkm}Fn] k'Hg' hLjgsf x/]s sf]0fdf xfdLn] s] a'em\g ;Sb5f}F eg] efOalxgLx¿
ljWgafwf kG5fpFb} afFRg kfPsf]df cfef/ JoQm xfd|f k'vf{x¿n] xhf/f}F jif{sf] cg';Gwfgkl5
ul/Psf] xf] efOalxgLx¿ . 5f]8]/ uPsf] ;+:sf/ ;+:s[lt ljz'4 k|fs[lts
/f]u, ef]s / zf]saf6 /fxt kfOg] o; xfjfkfgLsf cfwf/df dgfpg yflnPsf] /x]5 .
dlxgfnfO{ g} Hof]ltif ltlycg'¿k /fli6«o lje"lt h'g kj{n] /f]u, ef]s, zf]snfO{ ;fDo kfb}{
zª\vw/ ;fVjfnn] b]zjf;Lsf C0f r'Qmf u/L kfl/jfl/s, ;fdflhs ;b\efj j[l4 ug]{ sfo{
gofF jif{ g]kfn ;+jt rnfOlbP . o;/L DxMk"hf x'Fbf]/x]5 . wd{sf] s'/f kl5 hf]l8Pkl5 k|fs[lts
dgfpg] qmddf && jif{ & dlxgf & lbg & knf kj{ ljeflht x'Fb} ;Dk|bfo aGg uPsf] /x]5
& 38L kf/ u/]sf lbg g]jf/df hª\s' ul/G5 . efOalxgLx¿ . á

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 19

 sf]lknf

sljtf

dvdnL ;okqL
3/sf] lbof] an]g cfdf aNof] dgsf] lbof] .
s;/L egf}F cfdf ljb]zsf] ltxf/ o;/L uof] ..
lbbLalxgLsf] dfof kf]lvPg of] lgwf/df .
;okqL, dvdnL km'n]g cfdf d]/f] ltxf/df ..
PSn} ufPF b]p;L e}nf] cfkm}FnfO{ ;'gfPF .
cfˆgf] sd{dfly cfdf lgs} a]/ l/;fPF ..
;kgfdf b]v] cfdf xfd|f] j/k/ an]sf] lbof] .
ltd|f] k|]dsf] k|sfz rf/}lt/ cfxf km}lnPsf] lyof] ..
ljkgfdf yfxf kfPF d t /x]5' ;ft ;d'b| kfl/ .
5f8L cfP5' :jb]zd} ltd|f] :g]xsf] Tof] 7"nf] esf/L .. l/g]z rf}nfufO{+
sIffM &
d]/f] ;Demgfsf] ah| cfdf 5ftLdf ha ha knf{ . Kof/fug klAns :s'n
/f]lsGg /f]s]/ j]bgfsf] wf/f ltd|f] cfFvfaf6 emnf{ .. ltnuª\uf, sf7df8f}F

20 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 bL3f{o'sf]
k|tLs d;nf
xfd|f] dxfg\ kj{ bzF}nuQ} km]l/ ltxf/ cfof] . sfh', abfd / ls;ld; klg
ltxf/ dnfO{ Psbd} dg k5{ . ltxf/df lemlnldlnL nfdf] ;do;Dd lauF|b}g .
dfq xf]Og, c¿ w]/} s'/f x'G5g xfdLnfO{ /dfOnf]
nfUg] . ltxf/sf] Pp6f dxìjk"0f{ s'/f ltxf/df cf]v/, abfd, sfh', s6'; w]/}
xfdLn] bfh'efOnfO{ lbg] d;nf klg xf] . lsg kf]if0f ePsf vfg]s'/f x'g\ .
xfdL ltxf/df gofF gofF k|sf/sf] d;nf lbG5fF} of] vfFbf dl:tisnfO{ klg
xf]nf < /fd|f] x'G5 .
dnfO{ of] s'/f ;fx|} hfGg dg nfUof] clg
d}n] 3/df xh'/afaf;Fu ;f]wF] . d]/f] lh1f;f ;'g]/
afaf v';L x'g'eof] . dnfO{ xh'/afafn] eGg'eof],
ltxf/sf] ;dodf s6';, abfd, cf]v/, ao/
/ lald/f]nufotsf kmnx¿ klg ld;fP/ lbg]
ul/G5 lsgeg] oL s'/fx¿ l5§} lau|]/ hfFb}gg\ .
h;/L xfdL nfdf] cfo' xf];\ eg]/ k"hf u5f}{+ .
To;}u/L xfdLn] pgLx¿nfO{ lbg] s'/f klg w]/}
;do /xf];\ eGg] xf] .
sfh', abfd / ls;ld; klg nfdf] ;do;Dd
lau|Fb}g . cf]v/, abfd, sfh', s6'; w]/} kf]if0f h]l;sf 9sfn
ePsf vfg]s'/f x'g\ . of] vfFbf dl:tisnfO{ klg
/fd|f] x'G5 . sIff ^
clk :s'n, wfkf;L
kf]if0fo'Qm d;nf vfFbf bL3f{o' klg
eOG5 . ;fyLx¿ xfdLn] ltxf/df k"hf ug{] klg dudu jf;gf cfpg] u5{ . cfxf ltxf/df
lald/f] :jf:Yosf nlfu klg pkof]uL dflgg] o;sf] slt dxìj kf] /x]5 . o;sf] jf;gfn]
/x]5 . lald/fsf] afSnf] af]qmfnfO{ ljleGg xfdLnfO{ klg cfgGb cfpF5 . clg ;fyLx¿
vfnsf] tgfj gxf];\ eg]/ y]/fkL / d;fh ubf{ d;nfsf] dxìj d}n] hfg]sf] s'/f n]v] . ca
klg k|of]u ul/g] /x]5 . lald/f] sf]7fdf /fVbf ;fyLx¿n] klg c¿ s'/fx¿ n]Vg'k5{ x} . á

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 21

 sljtf
ltxf/
dgk5{ dnfO{ w]/} ltxf/sf] lemlnldnL
/ftdf lg pHofnf] 5 /ª\uLrª\uL aQL afnL
ltxf/sf] klxnf] lbgdf x'G5 sfusf] k"hf
z'e ;dfrf/ lbG5 o;n] ;'? x'G5 k"hf
bf];|f] lbgdf wg t]/;, x'G5 s's'/ k"hf
akmfbf/ x'G5 s's'/ u5{ 3/sf] /Iff
t];|f] lbgdf ufO{ k"hf x'G5 nIdLk"hf
lemlnldnL htftt} b]p;L v]Ng dhf
rf}yf] lbgdf uf]? k"hf e}nL v]Ng cfOhf
xnf] tfGg] cGg lbg] nfU5 uf]? /fhf
/dfOnf] kfFrf}F lbg x'G5 efO k"hf
efOalxgL cd/ /x'g\ cflzif ldnf];\ ;bf ..

k'gd clwsf/L
sIff M !)
c¿l0fdf dfWolds ljBfno
af}4, sf7df8f}F

22 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 ltxf/ xfd|f] dxfg\ rf8 xf] .
ltxf/sf] t];|f] lbg nIdL k"hf kb{5 .
o; lbg laxfg ;a}n] 3/sf em\ofn,
9f]sf, sf]7f, cfFug, lkF9L, efG;f ;kmf
u5{g\ . efG;fb]lv lkF9L;Dd ufO{sf]
uf]a/n] lnkkf]t u5{g\ . ;]n klg
ksfpF5g\ .
o;} lbg ufO{sf] k"hf ul/G5 . ;fFem
e08f/ of k"hfsf]7fdf nIdL :yfkgf
u/L k"hf u5{g\ . cfFug, lkF9L, 3/leqsf
rf]6f / sf]7fdf aQL afN5g\ . ;x/ tyf
ahf/df htftt} lemlnldnL b]lvG5 .
nIdL k"hfsf] lbg e}lngL klg
v]lnG5 . aflnsf / lszf]/Lx¿ Ef}lngL
v]Ng cfpF5g\ . e}lngL ufpF5g\ .
gfR5g\ . 3/d"nLn] e}lngLx¿nfO{ ;]n,
rfdn, wfg / k};f lbG5g\ . pgLx¿n]
o; 3/df nIdLsf] af; xf];\ eg]/
cfzLjf{b lbG5g\ . e}lngLx¿n] e}lngL
v]n]sf] 3/sf dflg;n] klg x]5{g\ .
nIdL wgsL b]jL x'g\ . ;kmf;'U3/
ePsf] 7fpFdf dfq nIdL al:5g\ .
To;}n] k"hf ubf{ ;a}n] nIdL cfpm,
xfd|f] 3/df af; u/ eg]/ af]nfpF5g\ . á

nIdLk"hf
e08f/ of k"hfsf]7fdf nIdL
:yfkgf u/L k"hf u5{g\ .
cfFug, lkF9L, 3/leqsf rf]6f
/ sf]7fdf aQL afN5g\ . ;x/
;'ud ;fksf]6f tyf ahf/df htftt} lemlnldnL
sIff M ( b]lvG5 .
hojfluZj/L :s'n,
RofDxl;+x, eQmk'/

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 23

 lgaGw

emf]nf
xfdL ljBfno hfG5f}F . ljBfno hfFbf ;aeGbf
a9L dxìjk"0f{ ;fdfg eg]sf] emf]nf xf] . To;}u/L
d]/f] klg Pp6f emf]nf 5 . emf]nf ljleGg /ªsf
kfOG5 . d]/f] emf]nf sfnf] /ªsf] 5 . sfnf] eP
klg of] clt g} ;'Gb/ 5 . d]/f] emf]nfdf ;fgf]
vNtL 5 . o;sf] vNtLdf d cfˆgf] kfgL lkpg]
af]tn /fVg] ub{5' . o;sf] csf]{kl§sf] vNtLdf
d cfˆgf] vfhf /fVg] ub{5' . emf]nfdf d d]/f]
sfkL lstfa /fV5' . lbgel/ emf]nf x]/]/ dnfO{
cfgGb nfU5 . emf]nfn] xfd|f] ;fdfgsf] htg
u5{ . To;}n] xfdLn] klg xfd|f] emf]nfsf] htg
ug{'k5{ . o;nfO{ ;Dxfn]/ /fVg kb{5 . d d]/f]
emf]nfnfO{ ;kmf /fVg' . d d]/f] emf]nfnfO{ dfof ;'lgef e6\6/fO{
u5{' . ;fyLx¿ ltdLx¿ klg o:t} u/ x} t . á sIff M !
s]Pd;L ljBfno, sf7df8f}F

24 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

sljtf

afFb/
:joDe"sf] 7"nf] Pp6f afFb/
b]lvGYof] Tof] ;fx|} lg8/
plk|mFb} Ps ?vaf6 csf]{
vfG5 vf];L vfgf csf{sf]
or'/Rg jh|frfo{
cfFvf p;Fu h'wfpg} gx'g] sIff–%
bfFt b]vfO lgx'F vf]Hg] g]kfn 8g a:sf] :s'n
km'tL{ b]vfpg dg gx'Fbf r}F
b]Vb} gb]v]sf] h:tf] ug]{ .

dnfO{ d'gf ;fgf] ;fyL h:t} nfU5 .

d]/f] ;fyL km';{bsf] ;dodf k9g dg k5{ . ca
bz}Fsf] nflu cgnfOg sIff klg 5}g .
bz}sf] d'gf k9]/ bª\u 5' . d]/f] 3/df
afafnfO{ klg d'gf PSbd} dg k5{ .
cfdfnfO{ klg dg k5{ . cfdf afaf
b'a} hgfn] dnfO{ d'gf k9g ;xof]u
ug{'x'G5 . d'gfdf w]/} ;fyLx?sf] sljtf
/ cg'ej kk9g kfpFbf dnfO{ v'zL
nfU5 . dnfO{ klg d'gfdf s]xL s'/fx?
n]Vg dg nfUof] .
d'gfdf xfdL h:t} ;fgf ;fgf
s]6s]6Lx?sf] nflu k9g], x]g{] /
a'emg] w]/} s'/fx? 5g \. dnfO{
lrqsyf Psbd} dg k5{ . To:t}, /ªu
e/ klg dg k5{ . dnfO{ lrq agfpg
dg kg{] ePsfn] d]/f] cfFvf lrqdf
g} hfG5 . d'gfdf cfpg] lrqsyf /
c? lrqx? x]/]/ d w]/} v'zL x'G5' .
d'gf ahf/df cfpgf;fy afafn] lnP/
cfpg'x'G5 . d klg d'gfsf] k|ltIffdf
x'G5' . ;fyLx?sf] bz}sf] of]hgf s]
s] xf]nf t ca dnfO{ klg yfxf x'g]
eof] . ;fyLx? xfdL htf eP klg
;'lgef kf]v/]n cg'zf;Lt eP/ cfdf afafn] eg]/
sIff–!
dfg]/ c;n / 1fgL eP/ bz} ltxf/
EofnL Eo" Oª\ln; :"sn, afg]Zj/ dgfpg] x} t < á

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 25

 ltxf/sf] /dfOnf]
g]kfnLn] jif{el/df w]/} rf8kj{ dgfpF5g\ .
tLdWo] ltxf/ klg Ps xf] ltxf/ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o
rf8 xf] . ltxf/sf] klxnf] lbg sfu ltxf/ xf] .
o; lbg sfusf] k"hf u/L sfunfO{ dL7f] vfg]s'/f
lbOG5 . lxGb' ;+:sf/df sfunfO{ od/fhsf] b"t
dflgG5 . od/fh g/ssf /fhf jf d[To'sf b]jtf
x'g\ . sfun] d[To'sf] va/ NofpF5 . sfusf]
k"hf u/L dL7f] vfgf lbPdf d[To'sf] va/ l9nf]
NofpF5 eGg] ljZjf; u/]/ k"hf ul/Psf] xf] .
bf];|f] lbg s's'/ ltxf/ xf] . s's'/nfO{
od/fhsf] åf/kfn / :jfdLeQm dflgG5 . s[ltsf ;fksf]6f
ltxf/sf] t];|f] lbg nIdLk"hf xf] . o; lbg a]n'sf sIff (
3/3/df nIdLsf] k"hf ul/G5 . nIdL 1fgbLk lzIff ;bg
wgwfGosL b]jL x'g\ . pgsf] k"hf ugf{n] wg / uf}/Lgu/, rfjlxn
wfGo cyf{t\ cGgkft k|fKt x'G5 eGg] ljZjf;
ul/G5 . o; lbg 3/3/df bLkfjnL ul/G5 . o; efO6Lsfsf lbg od/fhn] cfˆgf] sfdsfh
lbg laxfg ufO{sf] k"hf ug]{ rng 5 . ltxf/sf] 5f8L alxgL od'gfsf 3/df uP/ 6Lsf
rf}yf] lbg uf]? ltxf/ xf] . o; lbg uf]?sf] k"hf nufPsf lyP . od'gfn] t]nsf] 3]/fn] 5]s]/
ul/G5 . uf]? v]tLkftLdf ls;fgnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ lgwf/df ;Kt/ª\uL 6Lsf nufO{ dvdnL km"n /
kz' xf] eGg] eujfg\ s[i0fn] uf]j4{g kj{t p7fP/ b'af]sf] dfnf nufOlbPsL lyOg\ . t]n slxNo}
;ª\s6af6 arfPsf] ;Demgf:j¿k oL b'j}sf] ;'Sb}g . dvdnL km"n / b'af]sf] /ª p8\b}g .
k"hf ul/G5 . ltxf/sf] clGtd lbg efO6Lsf o;n] lbbLalxgL / bfh'efOaLrsf] nfdf] gftf /
xf] . o; lbg lbbLalxgLn] bfh'efOnfO{ bL3f{o'sf] dfofnfO{ ;ª\s]t u5{ .
sfdgf u/L 6Lsf nufOlbG5g\ . bfh'efOn] ltxf/sf oL kfFr lbg c;fWo} /dfOnf
klg lbbLalxgLnfO{ 6Lsf nufO{ blIf0ff, sk8f, x'G5g\ . of] rf8 lbbLalxgL / bfh'efO e]6 eO{
sfh', abfd, cf]v/, s6';, clGh/, ;]n/f]6L, cfk;df dfof, ddtf, ldqtf ;f6f;f6 ug]{ /
kmnkm"nx¿ lbG5g\ . 3/3/df uO{ b]p;L e}nf] v]n]/ /dfOnf] ug]{ rf8
ltxf/sf oL tLg lbg dflg;x¿ b]p;L, xf] . of] kfl/jfl/s v';Lsf] klg rf8 xf] . ltxf/
e}nf] v]n]/ /dfOnf] u5{g\ . k|frLg syfcg';f/ dgfP/ xfdLn] v';L /xg l;Sg'k5{ . á
26 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{
 d]/f] :s'n

d]/f] gfd >Lc+z >]i7 xf] . d @ sIffdf

k9\5' . d]/f] ljBfnosf] gfd ;]tLb]jL dfWolds
ljBfno xf] . of] blIf0fsfnL gu/kflnsfsf]
;f]v]ndf 5 . clxn] sf]/f]gfsf sf/0f ljBfno
aGb 5 . To;}n] d 3/df g} 5F' . dnfO{ :s'n
hfg dg 5 . ;fyLx¿;Fu v]Ng dg 5 . bf}8\g,
pk|mg klg dg nfu]sf] 5 .
d]/f] :s'n d ;fgf] ePb]lv g} k9]sf] x'gfn]
dnfO{ Psbd} dg k5{ . dnfO{ :s'n hfg >Lc+z >]i7
gkfpFbf g/dfOnf] nflu/x]sf] 5 . . d]/f] :s'nsf]
h'Qf / emf]nf klg k'/fgf] eO;Sof] . b/fhdf sIff @
;]tLb]jL dfWolds ljBfno
/fVbf k'/fgf] eO;Sof] . dnfO{ d]/f] h'Qf / emf]nf ;f]v]n, blIf0fsfnL
afafn] lslglbg'ePsf] w]/} dfof nfU5 . h'Qf
nufpg gkfpFb} ;fgf] eO;Sof] . ca bz}Fkl5
km]l/ d]/f] :s'n v'Nof] eg] dnfO{ To:t} gofF d]/} :s'nsf] ;a} s'/f /fd|f] nfU5 .
n'uf, h'Qf / emf]nf af]s]/ hfg dg 5 . :s'n / dnfO{ klxn]h:t} ljBfno hfg dg 5 .
;fyLx¿sf] w]/} ofb cfpF5 . dnfO{ d]/f] :s'nsf] ;fyLx¿;Fu rNg, v]Ng / k9\g dg 5 . l56\6}
v]Ng] u|fpG8df pk|mg / n'sL v]Ng w]/} dg sf]/f]gf uP x'GYof] egL d eujfg\nfO{ eG5' .
kYof{{] . clxn] sf]7fleq dfq a:bf :s'nsf] w]/} ljBfno v'n] d gofF 8«]; / h'Qf nufP/ ljBfno
;Demgf cfPsf] xf] . d]/f] :s'n /fd|f] 5 . dnfO{ hfg kfpF5' . á

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 27

 lrqsyf

28 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 29
30 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{
@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 31
 afnaflnsfdf
Jojxf/ kl/jt{gsf] ;d:of
;fgf] pd]/df gfgLafa''x¿df b]lvg] h'g;'s}
;d:ofnfO{ ;dod} ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsPg eg] kl5
uDeL/ ;d:of pTkGg x'g;S5 . afnaflnsfdf
b]lvg] ;d:of ljz]if u/L afgL÷a]xf]/f
tyf lrGtfaf6 pTkGg x'g] ;d:of /
dgf];fdflhs ;d:of u/L b'O{ lsl;dsf
;d:ofn] k|lts"n k|efj
kfb{5 . pgLx¿sf] cfgLafgLdf
x''g] c:jfefljs kl/jt{g h:t}
Psxf]/f] x'g], vfg dg gug]{ jf
w]/} vfg], lh2L :jefjsf] x'g],
slxn] crfgs l/;fpg], slxn]
/dfpg], ems{g] cflb b]lvPdf
o;nfO{ …l8k|];gÚ cyf{t\
dfgl;s ;d:of elgG5 . o:tf]
;d:of afnaflnsf / jo:s b'j}
pd]/sfnfO{ x'g;S5 .
clxn]sf] ;dodf t emg\
afnaflnsf l8k|];gsf] a9L hf]lvddf
k/]sf x'G5g\ . …l8k|];gÚ jf dfgl;s
;d:of x'g'df w]/} sf/0fdWo] kfl/jfl/s
cj:yf, ljBfnosf] jftfj/0f tyf Jojxf/,
k9fOsf] af]em, cleefjssf] dfof, ddtf, c;Gt'ng eof] eg] afnaflnsfdf …l8k|];gÚ
x]/rfxsf] sdL, k9fpg], l;sfpg] tl/sfx¿df b]lvG5 . cleefjsn] cfˆgf afnaflnsfsf]
afgL÷a]xf]/f, ?lr, Ifdtf / OR5f ga'emLsg
hah{:tL cWoog, u[xsfo{df nufpg] t/
v]ns'b, s'/fsfgL ug{ aGb]h nufpgfn] l8k|];g
x'g ;S5 .
sf]le8–!( af6 afnaflnsfdf ;ª\qmd0f
Go"g x'g] atfOP klg kfFr k|ltzteGbf a9L
afnaflnsf ;ª\qmldt ePsf 5g\ . ;dod}
lgbfg / pkrf/sf] Joj:yf ePg eg] logLx¿df
-hg:jf:Yolj1_ uª\uf/fh cof{n oL ;d:of ef]Ug''kg]{ x'G5 . ctM gfgLAffa''x¿df
b]lvg] Jojxf/ kl/jt{gsf] ;d:ofsf] plrt
Joj:yfkg ug{ xfdL cleefjs ;a}n] lgDg
pkfo ckgfcf}F x} .

32 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 ;dfwfgsf pkfo u[xsfo{df s/ gnufpg] .
afnaflnsf r~rn] / lh1f;' :jefjsf kl/jf/ afnaflnsfsf] klxnf] kf7zfnf
x'G5g\ . ;'vb'Mvsf] s'/fsfgL ubf{ v'nf xf], ctM pgLx¿n] 3/df /fd|f] cfr/0f, sfd,
dgn] ug]{ / ;fgf] s'/fdf v';L / b'MvL;d]t afgL÷a]xf]/f ckgfP yf]/} k};f, gofF sk8f,
x'G5g\ . To;}n] afnaflnsfnfO{ hah{:tL s'g} v]nf}gfh:tf j:t'af6 k'/:s[t ug{'k5{ . o;f] ubf{
klg sfddf nufpg} x'Fb}g lsgeg] k|foM ljBfno afnaflnsf a9L k|f]T;flxt eO{ /fd|f];Fu cWoog
ghfg] afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/sf] sfd yf]kg]{ / u5{g\ . cfkm"eGbf 7"nf, a8fk|lt cfb/ ug]{,
ljBfno hfg]nfO{ ;sL g;sL ef/L af]sfP/ dL7f] af]Ng] / nfP÷cx|fPsf] dfGg] / cg'zf;gdf
k7fpg] ul/G5 . To; sf/0f cleefjsn] /xg'kg]{ s'/fx¿ ;xh lsl;dn] l;sfpg'k5{ .
afnaflnsfsf] :j:ys/ afgL÷a]xf]/fsf nflu 3/d} agfOPsf zfsfxf/L ef]hg b"w, bxL,
lgDgfg';f/sf pkfo ckgfpg' k5{ M z/L/sf nflu nfebfos x'g\ . kmfk/ / sf]bf]sf]
Wofg s]lGb|t ug{ g;Sg], cl6Hd, lrGtf, kL7f] ld;fP/ agfPsf kl/sf/, clt kf]lifnf] x'G5
l8k|];g, l;sfO, emu8f, sfdsf] ;'?jft, lx+;f eg] ux'F jf rfdnsf] kl/sf/ vfg a9L pT;flxt
agfpg] . Affnaflnsfsf] pd]/df df]afOn kmf]g
afnaflnsfnfO{ hah{:tL s'g} klg v]nfpg] afgLnfO{ aGb ul/lbg'k5{ . cfjZos
sfddf nufpg} x'Fb}g lsgeg] k|foM k/]df @) ldg]6 df]afOn, sDKo'6/df x]/]df b''O{
ljBfno ghfg] afnaflnsfnfO{ ldg]6eGbf a9L ;do @) ld6/eGbf 6f9f a;]/
3/sf] sfd yf]kg]{ / ljBfno x]g{ nufpg''k5{ . /, cfjZos gk/];Dd o:tf
;fwg v]nfpg lbg'' x'Fb}g .
hfg]nfO{ ;sL g;sL ef/L af]sfP/ afnaflnsfsf]] hLjgsf] w]/} ;do
k7fpg] ul/G5 . ljBfnodf laT5 . To;sf/0f ljBfnox¿ klg
afnaflnsfd}qL x'g'k5{ . cyf{t\ x/]s lzIfsn]
/ ck/fwh:tf w]/} lsl;dsf Affnaflnsfsf] afnaflnsfnfO{ cWoog, v]ns'b ubf{
;d:of Jojxf/ kl/jt{gaf6 ;dfwfg ug{ dgf]/~hgfTds jftfj/0f agfOlbg'k5{, x/]s
;lsG5 . afnaflnsfn] u/]sf c;fdfGo sfddf afnaflnsfsf] u[xsfo{, km'lt{nf]kg tyf p;sf]
of t cfFvf lrDng' jf pgLx¿nfO{ cf3ft x/]s cj:yfsf] cg'udg ug'{k5{ / olb s'g}
gkg]{ u/L ;hfo ug{'k5{ . Jojxf/ kl/jt{gsf afnaflnsfn] c:jfefljs lqmofsnfk ug]{,
nflu ;s];Dd ;fg} j:t'sf] dfWodaf6} eP klg lg/fz x'g], Psxf]/f] x'g] jf ;fyL;Fu 3'nldn
k'/isf/ lbPdf a9L k|efjsf/L x'G5 . gePdf t'?Gt cleefjsnfO{ ;"rgf ug'{k5{ .
afnaflnsfnfO{ ;s];Dd k|s[ltsf] glhs unt sfd u/]df xNsf t;f{pg] ug'{k5{ t/ lk6fO
v]Ng, /dfpg lbg'k5{ . hxfF kfof] ToxfF eg] sbflk ug'{ x'Fb}g .
gy'Sg], l;Fufg gkmfNg], xfl5o'F ubf{ s'Ogf] clxn] sf]/f]gf efO/; ;ª\qmd0f dxfdf/L
jf ?dfnn] gfs d'v 5f]Kg], gª sf6\g] ePsf]n] afnaflnsfn] 3/aflx/ lg:sgf;fy
g'xfpg], ;kmf sk8f nufpg]h:tf :j:ys/ gfs / d'v 6Dd 5f]lkg] u/L df:s nufpg'k5{,
afgL÷a]xf]/f a;fNg nufpg'k5{ . afnaflnsfsf] df:snfO{ xftn] 5'g x'Gg . s'g} j:t' 5'gf;fy
cj:yfsf af/]df cleefjsn] lbgx'F cWoog / vfg]s'/f vfg' cl3 ;fa'gkfgLn] lkmFh cfPsf]
ug'{k5{ . olb pgLx¿sf] s'g} c:jfefljs cj:yf @) ;]s]G8;Dd xftsf] cufl8–k5fl8 ldlrldrL
jf lqmofsnfk b]lvPdf g/d, dfofn' Jojxf/ w'g'k5{ . ;fyLx¿;Fu v]Nbf, a:bf, vfg]s'/f
ub}{ To:tf ;d:of kQf nufO{ dgf];fdflhs vfFbf sDtLdf b''O{ ld6/sf] b"/Ldf /xg'k5{ eGg]
k/fdz{ lbg'k5{ . To:tf] c:jfefljs cj:yf s''/f l;sfpg''k5{ . oL dxìjk"0f{ s'/fx¿df
b]lvPdf ljBfnodf sbflk k7fpg' x'Fb}g . cleefjsn] :jf:Yosf] clgjfo{ dfkb08
ljBfnoaf6 3/ cfpgf;fy xft, d'v, v'6\6f agfP/ k|of]ufTds Joj:yf ul/lbg''k5{ cyf{t\
wf]P/ dfq vfg]s'/f vfg] clg cfpgf;fy l;sfpg''k5{ . á

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 33

 3/d} dgfcf}F ltxf/

xfd|f] jftfj/0fnfO{ z'4 kfg]{ sfu, dflg;nfO{

;xof]u ug]{ s's'/ / u'lgnf] hgfj/ ufO{uf]?sf]
k"hf ug]{ ul/G5 . olt dfq xf]Og k|s[lt z'4 eof]
eg] dfq xfd|f] cl:tTj ;'/lIft /xG5 . k|s[ltsf]
k|tLssf ¿kdf ltxf/df uf]j4{g kj{tsf] ;d]t
k|]dgf/fo0f e';fn k"hf ul/G5 . hd36 x'g dxfdf/Ln] /f]s] klg
ltxf/sf] ;f+:s[lts kIfnfO{ a'em]/ jftfj/0f
efOalxgLx¿ Û g]kfnLx¿sf] bf];|f] 7"nf] ;kmf /fVg, c¿x¿k|lt bof b]vfpg / ;lxi0f'tf
rf8 ltxf/ glhs} cfO;s]sf] 5 . ltxf/nfO{ sfod ug{ ltxf/n] l;sfpF5 g} . kz'kG5Lsf] k"hf
km"n / pHofnf]sf] kj{ eg]/ klg lrGg] ul/G5 . ug{'sf k5fl8 jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng vNanfpg'
b]p;Le}nf] v]n]/ /dfOnf] ug]{ of] kj{ o; k6s x'Fb}g eGg] dfGotfn] sfd u/]sf] 5 . ;fFRr}
klg sf]/f]gf dxfdf/L gx/fO;s]sfn] cfˆg} ltdLn] jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu s] slt
3/df dgfpg'kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . lbbLalxgL / sfd u/]sf 5f} < clg bfg ug{ l;sfpg] ltxf/sf]
bfh'efOaLr cfTdLotf / 3lgi7tf a9fpg] o; ;Gbe{df ltdLn] c¿nfO{ slt ;xof]u u/]sf 5f}
kljq kj{n] ;a}df pdª\u / v'l;ofnL Nofpg] o;sf] klg d"Nofª\sg ug{ l;Sg' kb{5 x} .
ub{5 . ;d"xdf hDdf eP/ b]p;Le}nf] v]Ng], ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5, ltxf/df k|of]u ul/g] ;a}
gfRg] / /dfpg] ug{ gkfP klg o;sf] ;f+:s[lts j:t' df};dL / k|fs[lts x'g] ub{5g\ . cfhsn
dxìjnfO{ eg] xfdLx¿n] hf]ufpg} kb{5 . o; t ahf/df aflx/ b]vfpgsf nflu /fd|f] agfpg]
k6s :jf:Yo ;fjwfgL ckgfP/ ltxf/ dgfcf}F . p2]Zon] s[lqd / 3fts /;fogsf] klg k|of]u u/]sf]
csf]{ jif{ eg] dxfdf/L ;fDo x'g]5 eGg] cfzf kfOG5 . ahf/df kfOg] o:tf lrhnfO{ k|of]u gu/]/
u/f}F . Toltv]/ xfdLx¿n] ;d"xd} /dfOnf] u/]/ 3/]n' / k|fs[lts j:t'x¿sf] pkof]u ug{k' g]{ ;Gb]z
ltxf/ dgfpg] 5fF} . klg ltxf/n] lbG5 . dflg; dflg;sf aLrdf k|d] sf]
ltxf/sf] ;f+:s[lts dxìj bfg;Fu hf]l8Psf] efjgf hufpg] sfd, clg dflg; / kz' k|f0fLsf
5 . ;]n/f]6L vfg], /dfpg] sfdsf cltl/Qm b'MvL, aLrdf ;f}xfb{ jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{ sfd ltxf/n]
ul/a / czQmx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ l;sfpg' ub{5 . olt dfq xf]Og, dflg; / k|s[ltsf aLrdf
ltxf/sf] ljz]iftf klg xf] . xfdLnfO{ bof, dfof klg 3lgi7 ;DaGw x'g] ePsfn] jftfj/0f
/ s?0ffsf] kf7 klg ltxf/n] l;sfpF5 . o;}n] hf]ufpg] lzIff ltxf/n] lbG5 .

34 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5, pHofnf] r]tgfsf] k|tLs s'/fnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug{' kb{5 .
xf] eg]/ . j]bsf dGqdf …td;f] df Hof]ltu{doÚ ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5, ltxf/df d[To'sf b]jtf
cyf{t\ cGwsf/df pHofnf] km}lnof];\ eGg] od/fhnfO{ klg k"hf ul/G5 . sfdsf] dlxdfsf
sfdgf ul/Psf] 5 . d':s'/fPsf] km"nn] dfG5]nfO{ af/]df ltdLn] ljBfnodf k9]s} 5f} xf]nf . ;a}
klg d':s'/fpg l;sfpF5 . v';L eP/ hLjg sfdsf] plQs} dxìj x'G5 clg sfdsf cfwf/df
JotLt ug]{ s'/f km"nn] l;sfPsf] x'G5 . dflg; 7"nf] / ;fgf] x'Fb}g . d[To' s;}nfO{ klg
nIdL k"hfsf] lbg ;a}lt/ aQL afn]/ pHofnf] Kof/f] x'Fb}g t/ klg ;+;f/nfO{ rnfO/fVg d[To'
agfOG5 . nIdLk"hfsf] lemlnldnLn] aflx/ dfq klg cfjZos 5 . oxL s'/f a'em]/ od/fhnfO{
xf]Og, dg klg lemlnldnL x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ klg k"hf ug]{ ul/Psf] xf] .
;ª\s]t ub{5 . s;}s;}n] t ltxf/df k6fsf ltxf/ xfd|f] ;f+:s[lts kj{ xf] . dL7f] vfg],
k8\sfpg] / h'jftf; v]Ng] klg ub{5g\ . xfdLn] 6Lsf nufpg] / /dfpg] kj{ eg]/ dfq xfdLn]
o:tf sfdx¿ ug{' x'Fb}g . k6sfsf sf/0f o;nfO{ lng] u/]sf 5f}F t/ ltxf/sf] dxìj oltn]
cfunfuL ePsf / dflg;x¿n] cfFvfsf] dfq k"/f x'Fb}g . ltxf/sf] vf; dxìj t ;xof]uL
Hof]lt u'dfpg' k/]sf va/x¿ cfpg] ub{5g\ . aGg', c¿k|lt bof, dfof / s?0ff b]vfpg' clg
k6fsf k8\sfpFbf dflg; 3fOt] x'g ;Sb5 eg] jftfj/0f ;kmf /fVg'df kf] x'Fbf] /x]5 t . ltdLn]
h'jftf;n] >L;DklQ gf; x'g ;Sb5 . xfd|f cfh;Dd c¿nfO{ slt ;xof]u u/]sf 5f} <
;+:s[ltl;t} ufFl;P/ cfPsf g/fd|f s'/f 5g\ clg jftfj/0f hf]ufpg s] slt sfd u/]sf
eg] xfdLn] ltgnfO{ x6fpg' kb{5 . clg /fd|f 5f} < olb 5}gf}F eg] klg o; k6ssf] ltxf/af6
tL sfd ;'? u/ n . clg ljBfno v'n]kl5
cfkm"n] u/]sf sfdsf af/]df n]v]/ ljBfnodf
n}hfpm . lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpm / ;fyLx¿nfO{ klg
k9]/ ;'gfpg gla;{ . ltdLn] ;'? u/]sf] /fd|f]
sfdn] ltd|f ;fyLx¿nfO{ klg /fd|f] s'/f l;Sg
;xof]u k'¥ofpg]5 .
klxn] klxn] kf] k9\g] / l;Sg] sfd sIffsf]7fdf
dfq xf] eGg] ul/GYof] . clxn] t xfdLn] hxfF
klg l;sfOnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;Sb5f}F . labfsf]
a]nf 3/ a:bf xf];\ ls d]nfkj{ dgfpFbf xfdLn]
s]xL g s]xL s'/f l;ls/x]s} x'G5f}F . cfkm"n]
l;s]sf /fd|f s'/fsf] l6kf]6 ub}{ hfg] sfdn]
t xfdLnfO{ emg} l;h{gzLn agfOlbG5 . x/]s
kj{n] c;n afgL÷a]xf]/f, rfnrng / cfbtsf]
ljsf;df ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5g\ . d]nf kj{ dfGg],
ltxf/ xfd|f] ;f+:s[lts kj{ xf]. /dfOnf] ug]{ sfdsf cltl/Qm tL kj{n] l;sfpg]
/ lbg] ;Gb]z a'em]/ c;n sfd ub}{ uof}F eg]
dL7f] vfg], 6Lsf nufpg] / ;fFRr} d]nfkj{sf] dxìj klg a9\b5 . ;]n/f]6L
/dfpg] kj{ eg]/ dfq xfdLn] vfg], b]p;Le}nf] v]Ng], ltxf/sf d'Vo ljz]iftf
o;nfO{ lng] u/]sf 5f}F t/ eP klg o; k6ssf] ltxf/df 3/d} a;]/ /dfOnf]
ltxf/sf] dxŒj oltn] dfq k"/f u/fF} . s] yfxf eL8ef8df hfFbf sf]/f]gf efO/;
;/]/ xfdLnfO{ c;fWo b'Mv lbg klg t ;S5
x'Fb}g. ltxf/sf] vf; dxŒj t lg . o;}n] ltxf/s} ;dodf csf]{ jif{ v'nf
;xof]uL aGg', c?k|lt bof, dfof ¿kdf b]p;L e}nf] v]Nb} ltxf/ dgfpg kfpg]
/ s?0ff b]vfpg' kf] x'Fbf] /x]5 t . sfdgf klg u/f}F . á

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 35

 nIdL vltj8f

;fg}b]lv gfRg eg]kl5 pgL

k|ltefzfnL
km'?Ss kly{g\ . ;fg} pd]/b]lv
g[Todf pgsf] nufj lyof] .

g"/
g[Toafx]s cGo ljleGg
cltl/Qm lqmofsnfkdf klg
pgL plQs} ?lr /flVyg\ .
;fg} pd]/df pgn] 7"nf] rrf{ /
;kmntf klg kfPsL l5g\ .

;fg}b]lv gfRg eg]kl5 pgL km'?Ss

kly{g\ . ;fg} pd]/b]lv g[Todf pgsf] nufj lyof] .
g[Toafx]s cGo ljleGg cltl/Qm lqmofsnfkdf
klg pgL plQs} ?lr /flVyg\ . ;fg} pd]/df pgn]
7"nf] rrf{ / ;kmntf klg kfPsL l5g\ .
pgL x'g\ ;fgL k|ltef !! jif{sL g"/ >]i7 .
nlntk'/sf] Ovf5]+df hGd]sL g"/ k|ltefzfnL
aflnsf x'g\ . pgL /f]ha8{ :s'ndf sIff ^
df cWoog/t g[Toafx]s pgsf] ljz]if bvn
uLt, ;ª\uLtdf klg 5 . pgL tanf klg

36 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 pgsf] jfBjfbgsf]
snfnfO{ xfdL o'6\o'adf
klg x]g{ ;S5f}F . ut
jif{sf] bz}Fdf pgn] ahfPsf]
dfn>L w'g cTolws rrf{df
/Xof] . dfn>L w'g;Fu} pgn]
ahfPsf] dª\un w'g klg
;a}nfO{ dg k5{ .

cTolws rrf{df /Xof] . dfn>L w'g;Fu} pgn]

ahfPsf] dª\un w'g klg ;a}nfO{ dg k5{ .
;fg} pd]/df pgn] ahfPsf] dfn>L w'gx¿
o'6\o'\adf x]bf{ s'g} 7"nf] snfsf/sf] eGbf
sd b]lvFb}g . To;}n] pgL ;fgL t/ k|ltefjfg\
aflnsf x'g\ .
ljz]if u/L w'gx¿ ahfpFbf zfGt 7fpFdf
/fux¿ ahfpg kfpFbf pgL v';L x'lG5g\ . odg
/fu, e}/a /fudf cfkm" a9L g} /dfP/ ahfpg
;Sg] g"/n] atfOg\ . pgsf] ljrf/df O;/fh
afhfsf af/]df w]/}nfO{ yfxf 5}g . To;}n] of]
afhfsf af/]df g]kfnL ;ª\uLtdf cem} s]xL
/fd|};Fu ahfpg ;lS5g\ . pgn] g;{/L k9\bf g} gofFkg lbg] pgsf] ;f]r 5 . eljiodf h'g
tanf ahfP/ w]/} k'/:sf/ klg kfPsL l5g\ . k];fdf nfu] klg O;/fh jfbgnfO{ eg] ;Fu;Fu}
g"/sf] afaf O;/fhjfbs ePsf sf/0f klg n}hfg] pgsf] rfxgf 5 . km';{bsf] ;dodf pgL
pgsf] 3/df ;fª\uLlts dfxf]n lyof] . o;sf] sTys g[To l;Sg / lrqx¿ agfpg klg ljz]if
k|efj:j¿k pgsf] ?lr klg lj:tf/} uLt, ?lr /flV5g\ .
;ª\uLt / jfBjfbgtkm{ g} df]l8of] . clxn] pgL pgn] ljleGg ;dodf ljBfno:t/df
3/df afafnfO{ ufog / O;/fh ahfpFbf ;fy cfof]hgf x'g] /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf kmf]6f]
lbg] ul5{g\ . slDkl6;g, k]lG6ª slDkl6;g, xflh/Lhjfkm,
pgnfO{ ;f/ª\uL ahfpg klg dg k5{ . syf k|ltof]lutfx¿df efu lnP/ w]/} k'/:sf/
g"/nfO{ ns8fpgsf] ;do emg\ w]/} snf l;Sg] klg kPsL l5g\ . ljleGg k|ltof]lutfdf pgn]
cj;/ eof] . of] ;dodf pgn] cfkm"nfO{ dg pTs[i6 ljh]tf aGg] cj;/ klg kfPsL l5g\ .
k/]sf] afhfx¿ ahfpg l;lsg\ . 3/d} afaf;Fu To:t} pgn] /f]6/L Snaaf6 cfof]hgf ePsf]
jfBjfbgsf] w]/} 1fg lnOg\ . pgsf] jfBjfbgsf] km];g zf] tyf l8«dj]o/ km];gn] cfof]hgf u/]sf]
snfnfO{ xfdL o'6\o'adf klg x]g{ ;S5f}F . km];g zf]df rfON8 df]8nsf ¿kdf ¥ofDksf]
ut jif{sf] bz}Fdf pgn] ahfPsf] dfn>L w'g cg'ej klg a6'n]sL l5g\ . á

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 37

 l;Ssf laSof] tLg s/f]8df
a]nfotdf Pp6f k'/fgf] l;Ssf tLg s/f]8
?lkofFdf laqmL ePsf] 5 . ;f] l;Ssf !@
;o jif{ k'/fgf] xf] . lnnfdL ug]{ sDkgL
l8S; g'gg j]an] #) k]G;sf] l;Ssf tLg
s/f]8 ?lkofFdf laqmL ePsf] atfPsf] 5 .
a]nfotdf vhfgf vf]hL ug]{ Ps JolQmn]
ut jif{ ljN6;fo/ tyf XofDk;fo/sf] l;dfgfl:yt j]:6 l8gdf ;f]
l;Ssf km]nf kf/]sf lyP . a]nfotL klqsf ld//sf cg';f/ pQm
l;Ssf ;'gaf6 ag]sf] k/LIf0fn] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} To;df yf]/}
dfqfdf rfFbL tyf tfdf klg k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . ;g\ *)@ b]lv
*#( ;Ddsf] cjlwdf a]nfotdf zf;g u/]sf j]:6 :ofS;gsf /fhf
PSua6{sf] zf;gsfndf pQm l;Ssf agfOPsf] cg'dfg 5 .
/fdk|;fb cfrfo{

w]/} h'DNofxf hlGdg] ufpF

ef/tsf] Pp6f ufpFdf cf7 ;oeGbf w]/} h'DNofxf
5g\ . s]/nfsf] dnKk'/d lhNnfdf kg]{ sf]l8GxL ufpFdf
olt w]/} h'DNofxf km]nf k/]sf x'g\ . ;f]xL sf/0fn]
ubf{ ;f] ufpFnfO{ h'DNofxf ufpF eg]/ lrlgG5 . sl/a
b'O{ xhf/ hg;ª\Vof ePsf] pQm ufpFdf rf/ ;o
hf]8L h'DNofxf 5g\ . ufpFdf clwsf+z kl/jf/df
h'DNofxf aRrf g} hlGdg] u/]sf 5g\ . h'DNofxf
hlGdg] sf/0f kQf nufpg j}1flgsx¿sf] s}+og\
k6s ufpFdf k'u]/ cWoog u/] . ;g\ @)!^ df
;f] ufpFdf k'u]sf] Ps j}1flgs 6f]nLn] h'DNofxf
dflg;x¿sf z/L/af6 s]xL gd'gfx¿ klg ;ª\sng
u/]sf] lyof] t/ pQm cg';Gwfgsf] s'g} 7f]; lgisif{
eg] lgl:sPg . ufpFn]x¿ t O{Zj/sf] ljz]if s[kfn] ubf{ ufpFdf e6fe6 h'DNofxfsf] hGd x'g]
u/]sf] bfaL ub{5g\ .
jif{df tLg dlxgf cFWof/f]
k[YjLdf Pp6f o:tf] ufpF 5 hxfF jif{df tLg dlxgf cFWof/f] x'G5 . nfdf] ;do;Dd pHofnf] g} gx'g]
sf/0fn] ubf{ ufpFsf dflg;x¿df ljleGg vfnsf /f]ux¿ b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ . To;}n] cFWof/f]af6
d'lQm kfpgsf nflu ufpFsf dflg;x¿n] s[lqd ;"o{ lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ . O6fnLsf] pQ/L If]qdf
kg]{ leug]nf ufpF rf/}tkm{af6 kxf8n] 3]l/Psf] 5 . lr;f] df};ddf of] ufpFdf ;"o{sf] ls/0f kb}{g .
h;sf sf/0f gf]e]Da/b]lv km]a'|c/L;Dd of] ufpF cFWof/f] x'G5 . olt nfdf] ;do;Dd 3fd b]Vg
gkfpFbf dflg;x¿df ljleGg vfnsf ;d:of b]lvGy] . ufpFn]x¿df clg›f, tgfj, ysfgnufotsf
;d:ofsf ;fy} rf]/Lnufotsf ck/fwsf 36gfdf klg j[l4 ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL ;d:ofaf6 d'lQm
kfpgsf nflu ufpFn]x¿n] cfkm}Fn] ;"o{sf] lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ . ;g\ @))^ df Ps nfv o'/f] /sd
vlr{P/ $) ju{ lsnf]ld6/ 7"nf] sfFr vl/b u/]/ P]gf agfP .
38 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{
 sldnf gePsf] 6fk''
ljZje/ g} kfOg] hLjdWo] sldnf klg Ps xf] .
Ps tYofª\scg';f/ xfn;Dd !@ xhf/eGbf
w]/} k|hfltsf sldnf k[YjLdf km]nf k/]sf 5g\ .
clk|msfdf t sltko sldnf olt w]/} 3fts
5g\ h;n] lrNof] eg] dflg;sf] d[To' g} x'g]
ub{5 t/ ;+;f/df Pp6f o:tf] 7fpF 5 hxfF
Pp6f klg sldnf kfOFb}g . sldnf g} gkfOg]
;+;f/sf] To:tf] 7fpF lu|gNofG8 xf] . of] ;+;f/sf]
;a}eGbf 7"nf] 6fk' klg xf] . jf:tjdf df};d
/ hnjfo' sldnfsf] ljsf; / k|hggdf lgs}
;xof]uL aGb5 . lu|gNofG8sf] df};d lgs} lr;f] x'G5 . ;f]xL sf/0f sldnf afFRgs} nflu klg
ToxfFsf] kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL pko'Qm x'Fb}g . j}1flgsx¿sf cg';f/ lr;f] df};d tyf hnjfo'n]
sldnfnfO{ gsf/fTds ¿kdf k|efljt ub{5 . ;f]xL sf/0f lu|gNofG8df sldnf afFRg ;Sb}g .
lu|gNofG8 g} lr;f] 7fpF 5 . of] 8]gdfs{sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] 6fk' xf] . of] 6fk' k[YjLsf] pQ/L
w|'jdf kb{5 .

gofF 6fk' kQf nfUof]

pQ/L w|'jsf] ;a}eGbf glhs gofF 6fk' km]nf k/]sf] 5 . j}1flgsx¿sf] Ps 6f]nLn] gofF 6fk'
kQf nufPsf x'g\ . ;f] 6fk'sf] gfd cf]0ffs /flvPsf] 5 . pgLx¿n] ^) ld6/ nfdf] / #) ld6/
rf}8fOsf] ;f] 6fk' pQ/L„ w|'jsf] ;a}eGbf glhs /x]sf] hldg ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . 8]lg;–l:j;
cWoog e|d0fsf] qmddf kQf nfu]sf] ;f] 6fk'df s;/L gofF k|hfltx¿ afFlr/x]5g\ eGg] yfxf
kfpg j}1flgsx¿n] gd'gf ;ª\sng u/]sf 5g\ . ;f] 6fk' lu|gNofG8sf] glhs 5 . ;g\ @)!(
df cd]l/sL /fi6«klt 8f]gfN8 6«Dkn] lu|gNofG8 cd]l/sfn] lsGg] s'/f u/]kl5 ;f] If]q rrf{df 5 .
8]gdfs{n] lu|gNofG8 a]Rg] s'/fnfO{ c:jLsf/ u/]sf] lyof] .

rf/v'6\6] Xj]nsf] hLjfjz]if

k|frLg Xj]nsf] cl:yk~h/sf] c+z OlhK6sf] klZrdL
d?e"lddf km]nf k/]sf] 5 . OlhK6sf j}1flgsx¿n]
rf/ s/f]8 #) nfv jif{cl3 cl:tTjdf /x]sf]
rf/v'§] Xj]nsf] Pp6f gofF k|hflt klxrfg u/]sf
x'g\ . j}1flgs gfd lkmcf]ld;]6'; cGo'la; lbOPsf]
pQm Xj]n peor/ lyof] cyf{t\ hn / e"ld b'j}
7fpFdf ljr/0f uYof{] . pQm Xj]nsf] vKk/ k|frLg
OlhK6df d[To'sf b]jtfsf ¿kdf k"lht :ofnsf]
6fpsf] ePsf cGo'la;;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] 5 . To;}n]
of] k|hfltsf] j}1flgs gfd ltg} d[To'b]jsf] gfddf
/flvPsf] 5 . cfw'lgs Xj]nsf k'vf{x¿ e"lddf a:g] d[uh:tf :tgkfoL hLjaf6 Ps s/f]8 jif{sf]
cjlwdf ljsl;t ePsf x'g\ . lkmcf]ld;]6'; cGo'la;sf] tf}n emG8} 5 ;o lsnf]u|fd / nDafO tLg
ld6/ ePsf] / l;sf/ ;dfTg cfjZos kg]{ ePsfn] To;sf] Rofk' alnof] ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . á
@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 39
 g]kfnL afn;flxTosf]
Oltxf; k|df]b k|wfgsf]
;Dk"/s . zf]wfyL{ Pj+
afn;flxTo ;dLIfssf
nflu pgsf] pQm k':ts 38]/L
lgdf{0fsf cf}hf/ . cf}hf/sf]
k|of]u gu/L afn;flxTosf]
3/df Pp6} OF6f yKg' klg ufx|f]
sfd xf] .

afn;flxTodf lbk]g tfdfª

k|df]b k|wfg
g]kfnL afn;flxTosf If]qdf k|df]b k|wfg 5, h;n] dh:tf l;sf?nfO{, s]xL hfGg
ckl/lrt gfd xf]Og . of] gfd cfbz{sf ;fy vf]Hg] ljBfyL{nfO{ / s]xL vf]hL JofVof ug]{
pRrfl/t x'g] gfd xf] . olt elg;s]kl5 g]kfn zf]wfyL{x¿nfO{ Pp6f cfF6, Pp6f e/f];f / Pp6f
/fi6«n] pgnfO{ s'g cy{df pEofpF5 elg/xg' pT;fxL lg;ª\sf]r lbG5 . 5f]6f]df, k|wfgsf]
Tolt cfjZos gknf{ . ef/t, bflh{lnªsf nflu pQm k':ts g]kfnL afn;flxTosf] Oltxf;df
klg pgL plQs} ;dfgfyL{ JolQmTjdf b]lvG5g\ . sf];]9'ª\ufs} ;fb[Zotfdf 5 .
d}n] pgnfO{ lrg]s} klxn] k':tsaf6, To;kl5 olQs} tYok/s, olQs} pkof]uL / olQs}
cg'xf/, j]ife"iff, Jojxf/ x'Fb} JolQmTjaf6 . ;f/ule{t 5g\ pgsf g]kfnL afnjfª\do
kl/rosf]zsf b'O{j6f k':ts -lj=;+= @)^% /
Oltxf;sf s'/f @)&%_ . pko{'Qm s[ltx¿n] g]kfnL afn;flxTosf]
g]kfnL ;flxTosf lglDt pgL klxnf] Ps ztfAbLeGbf w]/} ;donfO{ af]s]/ lxF8]sf] 5 .
afn;flxTosf Oltxf;ljb\ . g]kfnL df}lvs afn;flxTob]lv j}1flgs ;flxTo;Ddsf]
afn;flxTosf] Oltxf; k|df]b k|wfgsf] ;Dk"/s . ljr/0f u/fPsf] 5 . n]vs, k':ts tyf kf7sf]
zf]wfyL{ Pj+ afn;flxTo ;dLIfssf nflu pgsf] sfnqmlds ljsf;qmdsf] /]vf sf]/]sf] 5 .
pQm k':ts 38]/L lgdf{0fsf cf}hf/ . cf}hf/sf] j:t'tM oL k':tsx¿ Oltxf;sf] v];|f cyjf
k|of]u gu/L afn;flxTosf] 3/df Pp6} OF6f yKg' kl/rosf] /f; dfq geP/ g]kfnL afn;flxTosf]
klg ufx|f] sfd xf] . ldgL ;ª\u|xfno ePsf] 5 .
Oltxf;sf] sfnqmlds j0f{g dfq xf]Og, g b'O{eGbf km/s g]kfnL afn;flxTosf]
t tYox¿sf] y'k|f] dfq . g]kfnL afn;flxTosf Oltxf;sf] Ps;/f] cWoogn] klg Ps
If]qdf of] k':ts Ps kyk|bz{s, Ps cleefjs ztfAbLeGbf w]/} cjlwaLrsf] g]kfnL
tyf Ps k]|/0ffbfoL s[ltsf ¿kdf t6:y plePsf] afn;flxTosf] l:ylt, k|ult, ljz]iftf tyf

40 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

k|j[lQx¿sf] emfFsL k|:t't ub{5 . ljljw df]8 tyf dgf]/~hg, 1fgsf b[li6n] tyf
pkdf]8sf] kl/ro lbG5 . afns, cleefjs, afnssf k|ltef k|:k'm6gsf b[li6n]
n]vs, kf7zfnf tyf Joj:yfkg;d]tdf cfPsf] oL afnsljtfx¿ clt ;/fxgLo
kl/jlt{t ;f]r tyf g"tg sfo{k|0ffnLsf] lbzfaf]w tyf cg's/0fLo 5g\ . 1fg tyf
u/fpFb5 . rf}yf] ;+:s/0fsf] sn]j/df of] cem ;"rgfsf] ;lDd>0fsf ;fy k|fs[lts,
lj:t[t, cem uxlsnf] / cem cg';GwfgfTds ef}uf]lns tyf /fli6«o kl/j]zsf]
s[ltsf ¿kdf k|:t't 5 . lrq0f dlxdfdf :t'To 5g\ .
sljtfsf s'/f
d]/f xftdf !^ j6f afnsljtfsf k':ts tyf k|efjsf/L 5 sfn]sf] e]mn . o;f] t k|wfgsf
5g\, hf] klxnf]rf]l6 e]l6Fbf b]lvPsf ;|i6fh:t} k|To]s k':tsx¿ lrqfTds 5g\ . lrqsf dfWod
5g\, kft'nfkft'nf . km/skm/s ;dodf e]l6Fbf g} l;h{gfTds tyf sNkgfTds ljsf;sf nflu
a'lemPsf ;|i6fh:t} 5, k|To]s k':ts km/skm/s ;xfosl;4 5 . ;ª\If]kdf, lrq / sljtf
k|s[ltsf . /, oL afnsljtfx¿ Tolts} pT;fxL, cyjf syf / lrq l;Ssfsf b'O{j6f kf6fsf]
Tolts} 5l/tf], Tolts} 1fgj4{s, Tolts} lzi6 ;Dk"/s 5 .
/ Tolts} k|efjsf/L 5g\ hlt n]vs :jo+ 5g\ . ;f]lkmofsf] syf j}1flgs tYo;Fu ;DalGwt
oxL a'emfOdf /fi6«slj dfwj l3ld/] klg 5g\ . 5 . ljZjdf oGqdfgjsf] klxnf] gd'gf /x]sL
ljljw ljifo ljljw no tyf ljljw ;f]lkmofsf] syf ;fFRr} k|efjsf/L 5, 1fgj4{s
/ªdf /ª\luPsf logsf afnsljtfx¿ 5 / ;"rgfTds klg 5 .
ljz]if ;fgf pd]/sf afnaflnsfsf lglDt
pkof]uL 5g\ . /ª;Fu v]Ng ?rfpg], lrq;Fu kof{j/0fLo syf
;fptL ug{ dg k/fpg] tyf kz'kG5L x'Fb} v]n v}/f] s'Nnf kof{j/0fLo afnsyf;ª\u|xsf
v]Ng] afnaflnsfsf nflu oL afnsljtf w]/} ¿kdf k|sflzt 5 . nlIft kf7ssf pd]/,
k|efjsf/L tyf u|fXo 5g\ . ljifoj:t'' uxgfsf] lx;fa tyf kfq k|of]usf
dgf]/~hg, 1fgsf b[li6n] tyf afnssf lx;fa h];'s}n] xf];\ k|wfgsf] k|:t't k':ts
k|ltef k|:k'm6gsf b[li6n] oL afnsljtfx¿ Ps gf}nf], ljlzi6 tyf k|fof]lus 5 . Tof]eGbf
clt ;/fxgLo tyf cg's/0fLo 5g\ . 1fg tyf a9\tf afndgf]efjgfcg's"n 5, ;fdflhs
;"rgfsf] ;lDd>0fsf ;fy k|fs[lts, ef}uf]lns pQ/bfloTjk"0f{ 5 / kl/j]zs]lGb|t 5 . To;}n]
tyf /fli6«o kl/j]zsf] lrq0f dlxdfdf :t'To of] ;d;fdlos 5 . ;d;fdlos clxn]sf]
5g\ . afn;flxTo n]vgsf] ceLi6 5 .
jf:tjdf, k|wfgsf afnsljtfx¿ v]nLv]nL
/dfpFb}, ufpFb} e'g\e'g\ ug]{ k'tnLsf 56fh:tf pa]|sf s'/f
5g\ . cyjf ;fd"lxstfdf ?dlnFbf b]lvOg] afn;flxToljb\ k|df]b k|wfgsf plNnlvt
afnaflnsfsf cb\e"t afnnLnfh:tf 5g\ . s[ltafx]s c¿ klg 5g\ . ;Dkfbg u/]sf,
cyjf ;ª\uLt, tfn / nosf 5d5d gfRb} ;xn]vgdf cfPsf s[ltx¿ . To;sf] rrf{
u/]sL em/gfh:tL 5g\ :jR5, lgd{n tyf Ps yf]kf oxfF ul/Psf] 5}g . ug{nfO{ t oxfF
cfXnfbsfl/tfk"0f{ . cg's/0ffTds tyf k|wfgaf/] Ps O~rL sfd ul/Psf] 5}g . of] t
cg'k|f;Lo zAbz}nL k|wfgsf afnsljtfx¿sf] d]/f] dgsf ;Gtf]ifsf v'/fs dfq x'g\ . pgLdfly
w'sw'sL x'g\ . ca zf]w sfo{ ug]{ ;do b]lvPsf] 5 . ;dodf,
o;af/] s'g} cg';Gwfgstf{ nflu knf{g\ . s'g}
syf / tYo ljZjljBfnosf] cfFvf knf{g\ . pgsf s[lt
j0f{ cyjf cIf/ k9\g g;Sg] t/ lrq1fg tyf JolQmTjsf] ;fFrf] b:tfj]h aGnfg\ . cfzf
k|fKt eO;s]sf afnaflnsfb]lv cGo pd]/sf ;fFrf}F . Olt . á
afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ klg plQs} dgf]/~hgfTds -;xk|fWofks, bflh{lnª ;/sf/L dxfljBfno_

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 41

 syf t/ la/fnf]sf] h'Fuf eg] c;fWo} ;+j]bgzLn
x'G5 . h'Fufn] s'g} j:t' cyjf l;sf/ sxfF
5 / stflt/ hfFb} 5 eg]/ yfxf kfpg cfˆgf]
la/fnf]sf] h'Fuf rnfpF5 . ljz]if u/L cFWof/f]df glhs}sf]
j:t' kQf nufpF5 h;n] ubf{ la/fnf]n] ;lhn}
h'“uf l;sf/ ;dfTg ;S5 . la/fnf]sf] cufl8 d';fn]
efUg] cj;/} sd} kfpF5g\ . la/fnf]sf] l;sf/sf]
ult klg plQs} tLj| 5 . o;n] @$ 306fdf
Ps ;oeGbf a9L d';f dfg{ ;s]sf] tYofª\s
kfOPsf] 5 .
la/fnf]sf] h'Fufsf] h/f tGt'l;t hf]l8Psf]
x'G5 eg] o; tGt'df ljleGg g;fx¿ hf]l8Psf
x'G5g\, h;n] dl:tis;Dd hfgsf/L k7fpg]
sfd u5{ . ;+j]bgzLn g;fx¿sf] sf/0f xfjf
rn]sf] hfgsf/L;d]t h'Fufn] dl:tis;Dd
k'¥ofpg] sfd u5{ . la/fnf]n] lbpF;f] s'g} j:t'
sdnf >]i7 k|wfg gb]v] klg glhs}sf] lrhlah kQf nufpg
h'Fufn] sfd u5{ .
efOalxgLx¿ Û DofpF DofpF u/]/ s/fpg] o;af/]df lb OG;fOSnf]lkl8of la|6flgsfdf
la/fnf] ltdLx¿n] b]v]s} xf]nf . s;} s;}sf] t n]v]cg';f/ la/fnf]sf] h'Fufsf] sfdaf/] yf]/}nfO{
3/df g} la/fnf] kfn]sf] klg xf]nfg\ . x]bf{ lgs} dfq yfxf 5 . la/fnf]sf] h'Fuf sfl6lbof] eg]
dfof nfUbf] b]lvg] la/fnf] sfnf], ;]tf], l5s]{las]{ s]xL ;dosf] nflu pQm la/fnf] ckfª\uh:tf]
/ªdf kfOG5 . cfhef]ln w]/}n] 3/kfn'jfsf ¿kdf aGg k'U5 cyf{t\ Ps} 7fpFdf dfq al;/fV5 .
s's'/ kl5 la/fnf]nfO{ kfNg] u5{g\ . la/fnf]sf] h'Fufsf] ;+j]bgzLnnfO{ gSsn
la/fnf] k|foM lbpF;f] ;'T5 /flt hfU5 . u/]/ j}1flgsx¿n] h'Fuf ePsf] /f]a6{;d]t agfP/
la/fnf] d"ntM df+;fxf/L x'g\ t/ cl:6«ofsf] s]xL jl/kl/sf] cj/f]wx¿ kQf nufpg] IfdtfnfO{
hª\undf lrsn k|hfltsf gLnf la/fnfx¿ cg';Gwfg u/] . o:tf] IfdtfnfO{ ;]G;/ elgG5
kfOG5g\ . 7"nf–7"nf ?vdf klg cToGt l56f] eg] /f]a6{df ePsf] ;]G;/nfO{ rflxF O–lj:s/
r9\g ;Sg] o:tf la/fnf r/fx¿n] h:t} ?vd} elgG5 . of] ;]G;/ cfw'lgs /f]a6{ OlGhlgol/ªdf
u'F8 agfP/ a:g] ub{5g\ . logLx¿ k"0f{ ¿kdf / z/L/sf gSsnL cª\ux¿ agfP/ k|of]u ug{
zfsfxf/L x'G5g\ . Soflnkmf]lg{of ljZjljBfnosf k|fWofks cnL
cGo hgfj/x¿sf] h'Fufsf] s'g} sfd 5}g hfe] ;kmn eP . á

42 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 ;Gtf]if yfkf du/

km/s 5'6\ofpm

k|j4{g kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/dfkm{t pxfF ;Ddflgt

;l/tfsf] ;kmntf x''g'ePsf] 5 . cª\u|]hL ljifodf :gfts t];|f]
jif{df cWoog/t cof{n sLlt{k'/l:yt zxLb
:df/s sn]hdf k9\g'x'G5 . pxfFsf] :yfoL 3/
;'v]{t xf] .
afn;flxTo n]vs sflt{s]o l3ld/]sf
dftflktfsf] :d[ltdf bfh'x¿ dbg l3ld/], k'?iff]Qd
l3ld/] / efO zzL l3ld/];lxt ;d:t l3ld/]
kl/jf/sf] ;f}hGo ;xof]udf :yflkt o; k'/:sf/n]
cfˆgf] sfo{ If]qdf bQlrQ eP/ nfUg w]/n } fO{
OG6/g]6df /dfpg] b[li6ljxLg afnaflnsfsf] k|fT] ;fxg klg u/]sf] 5 . pxfFn] k'/:sf/:j¿k
nflu o'6\o'adf w]/} ;fdu|L 5g\ . o:tf ;fdu|L gub !) xhf/ ?lkofF k|fKt ug{'ePsf] 5 .
pgLx¿ cl8of] lstfa / g]kfnL efiffdf ;lhn} b[li6ljxLg afnaflsfsf nflu o'6\o'adf
o'6o\ a' dfkm{t ;xh} ;'Gg / a'emg ;S5g\ . kqsf/ ;'Gg] / x]g]{ Ps ;oeGbf a9L afn;flxTo
;l/tf cof{n b[li6ljxLgx¿sf nflu o:t} hLjg ;fdu|Lsf] pTkfbg / k|;f/0fdf cof{nn] ljz]if
pkof]uL ;"rgf ;fdu|Lsf nflu sfd ug{'x'G5 . kxn ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] 5 . km/s Ifdtfsf]
cfkm"h:t} b[li6ljxLgx¿sf nflu pxfFn] o'jf k|ltefnfO{ xf};nf k|bfg ug]{ nIosf ;fy
b'O{ jif{b]lv s]6fs]6L cgnfOg o'6\o'a Rofgn :yflkt o; k'/:sf/n] 5f]/LnfO{ lgs} xf};nf
afnklqsfdf w]/} of]ubfg k'¥ofpg'ePsf] 5 . ldn]sf] eGb} ;l/tfsf cfdf b]jL / a'af d]3/fh
o; If]qdf pxfFn] k'¥ofpg'ePsf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ cof{nn] klg v';L JoQm ug{'ePsf] 5 . á
ub}{ o; jif{sf] b'uf{b]jL rGb|gfy afn;flxTo d'gf 8]S;

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 43

 sljtf

sflQs
bf];|f] dlxgf of] z/bsf]
;'Gb/ df};d 3dfOnf] .
/ftdf h'g tf/f rlDsnf
lbgdf 5 k|sfz /flkmnf . b]j/fh l;Dv8f
k"mn}k"mnsf] ;do cfof] ;/:jtL df=lj=
6f]vf, sf7df8f}F
htftt} dL7f] af:gf 5fof] .
nfUbf] 5 hfpFm hfpFm aflx/}
l;Sg] s'/f kfOG5 ;lhn} . ;okqL, dvdnL k'mNbf
Dfg ef] v';L /ldtf b]Vbf .
lemlnldnL pT;j ltxf/ Vf]Nb} lkª dHhf lncf}F ;fyL
;ft /ªn] /ª\luG5 lgwf/ . Gfv]nf}F tf;, laËf] agf}F 1fgL .
e}nL, b]p;L v]NgnfO{
3/3/df k'U5f}F /dfO{ . a"9f dfG5]sf] ;]jf, cfb/
;fgfnfO{ xf};nf / Kof/ .
sfsL / cfdf dfOtlt/ afF8]/ a:g] 5 d]/f] /x/
l6sf] nufO{ l;ufg{ zL/ . 5}g sf]xL j/ sf]xL k/ .
lbbLefO, bfh'alxgLsf]
aG5 ;DaGw ;w}F sl;nf] .
vf]nf, tfn, kf]v/L l;Fuf/L
57 kj{sf] x'G5 tof/L .
t/fO{ kxf8 / lxdfn
ldn]/ xfdL u5f}{+ cª\sdfn .
k"j{df kmfNu'gGb hoGtL
d'Gw'd k9\5g\ ls/fFtL .
nfn'kft] k'mNg nfu] x]/
kft l6kL gkmfN\g' lg v]/ .

44 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 afnsyf

d';'d';' xfF;]
dw';"bgk|;fb l3ld/]
lstfa sfkL
RofpsLn] lstfa ;a} lkmFhfO . 5fgL 5fgL
k9L . xf]djs{ klg u/L . cfdfn] vfhf vfg p;n] tL cl3 5l/Psf k':ts,
af]nfpg' ef] . p v'?? efG;fdf uO{ . vfhf vfO{ skLx?n] 7':; k/L l/;fO/x]sf]
p v]Ng nflu . lstfa sfkL c;/Nn 5g\ eGg] h:tf] 7fgL . . p;n] ;f]rL, of] t
p;n] la;L{ . lghL{j xf] . l/;fpg' t gkg]{ lg .
p;sf ;fyL 5'6] . ;fFem klg k¥of] . p 3/ km]l/ p;n] ;f]rL,d logLx?nfO{
cfO{ . p sf]7fdf k;L . p;n] tL cl3 5l/Psf ;f]W5', lsg l/;fP5g\ t <
k':ts, skLx¿n] 7':; k/L l/;fO /x]sf] h:tf]
7fgL . . p;n] ;f]rL, of] t lghL{j xf] . l/;fpg'
t gkg]{ lg . km]l/ p;n] ;f]rL, d logLx¿nfO{
;f]W5', lsg l/;fP5g\ t <
p;n] tL 5l/P/ /x]sf skL k':tsnfO{ ;f]wL,
ætkfO{+x¿ db]lv l/;fpg' ePsf] xf] < d}n] s]
la/fPF / <Æ pgLx¿n] Ps} Zj/df eg], æltdL
5'RrL ca xfdL ltdL;Fu gaf]Ng] .Æ p;nfO{
cln kL/ klg nfUof] . RofpsLn], æegL gfO Û
d}n] s] u/]F <æ
km]l/ pgLx¿n] cl3h:t} Ps} Zj/df s/fP .
ltdLn] o;/L oqtq 5/]/ lxF8\bf xfdLnfO{ 8/
klg nfUof] . xfdL t kª\lQma4 eP/ ;Fu} emf]nfdf
a:Yof}F . tftf] Gofgf] klg x'GYof] . ltdLn] vfhf
vfg hfFbf xfdLnfO{ ;a} ;Fu]6]/ ldnfO{ /fv]/
hfg' kYof]{ . ltdLn] To;f] gubf{ xfdLdWo]sf]
Tof] skLsf] kGgf ‰ofnaf6 k;]sf] xfjfn]
Rofltlbof] . xfdLdWo]sf sf]xL ckfª\uh:t}
eof}F . of] ltd|f] uNtL x}g <
skL k':tssf s'/f ;'g]/, p gtd:ts g}
eO{ . p;n] xft hf]8]/ egL, æcab]lv d o:tf] /fv]/ dfq aflx/ hfG5' . ca t ef] . olt egL
uNtL ulb{g . cfkm" aflx/ lg:sFbf skL, k':ts, ;Sbf klg, ætL k':ts, skL d';'d';'
snd, O/]h/, ;fkg/ ;a} ;Fufn]/ htgn] xfFl;/x]sf lyP .Æ á

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 45

 ;'8f]s' k|ltof]lutf–%)
;'8f]s' k|ltof]lutf – %@ sf] ;dfwfg
* % & $ & ^ % # @ * ! (
* @ % * ! $ ( & # ^
! @ # $ ! ( # & ^ * $ @ %
^ % ^ $ & * @ % ! ( #
& # % ! ( # & ^ @ * $
# $ ! @ # * @ ( ! $ % ^ &
& ( @ $ ^ * & # % !
$ ^ ( & ^ ! @ % # ( $ *
@ # ! % * # % $ ( ! & ^ @
gfd M =================================================== ebf} dlxgfsf] ;'8f]s' k|ltof]lutfsf] ;xL
;dfwfg k7fpg'x'g] ;xefuLdWo] uf]nfk|yfaf6
sIff M ================ ljhoL tLg hgfsf] gfd 7]ufgf tn
ljBfno M ============================================ lbOPsf] 5 M
7]ufgf M =============================================== != lnhf a:g]t
sIff (, n]af| 6] /L dflj, sLlt{k/' , sf7df8f}F .
;'8f]s' k|ltof]lutfsf lgod M @= lg¿tf yfkf
sIff *, ;/:jtL dflj, 6f]vf, sf7df8f}„F
!= o; k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL x'g s'kg eƒ]ƒ k7fpg' #= ;Ifd k|wfg
kg{]5„
@= sIff !) ;Ddsf ljBfyL{ dfq o;df ;xefuL sIff ^, 6fOD; Ps]8d] L, ;LtfkfOnf .
x'g kfpg'x'g]5„
#= vfnL sf]7fdf ! b]lv ( cÍ dfq eg'{kg{]5„ k'ƒ‚sfƒsf nflu d'gf dfl;ssf]
$= s'g} klg sf]7f ƒ xƒkmdf cÍ bf]xf]lƒg' xF'b}g„ sfof{nodf klƒrokq;lxt
%= s]ƒd]6 ulƒPsf] s'kgnfO{ dfGotf lbOg] 5}g„ ;Dks{ ƒfVg'x'g ljhoL ;xefuLnfO{
^= s'kg @)&* ;fn dª\l;/ % ut]leq cfOk'Ug'kg{5 ] „ cg'ƒf]w 5„

ljrfƒ d~rdf efu lng cg'ƒf]w

-!_ d'gf dfl;sdf k'; dlxgfdf k|sflzt x'g] ljrfƒ d~rsf nflu …6f]kL lbj;Ú ljifo 5gf]6
ulƒPsf] 5„ o;afƒ] cfˆgf] ljrfƒ k7fpg'xf]nf„
-@_ o; ‚tDedf sIff !) ;Ddsf ljBfyL{n] efu lng ;Sg'x'g]5„
-#_ ljrfƒ a9Ldf Ps ;o zAbsf] x'g'kg{]5„
-$_ ljrfƒsf ;fydf cfˆgf] tl‚aƒ klg k7fpg'xf]nf„
-%_ ljrfƒ @)&* ;fn dª\l;/ % ut];Dd d'gf dfl;ssf] sfof{nodf cfO;Sg'kg{5 ] „

46 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 k|ltof]lutfsf k|Zgx? @)&* c;f]hsf] d'gfdf
zAbhfn k|ltof]lutf – %@ cfwflƒt 5g†„ pQm dlxgfsf] d'gf cWoog
uƒL pQƒ k7fpg' x ' g efOalxgLx?nfO{
hfgsfƒL uƒfOG5„
! @ @ # $$
t];f]{
% ^ %_ ;fgfnfO{ rflxF sf]/f]gf === -#_
^_ lgwf/df 6Lsf / === hd/f -#_
& *
&_ ufpFsf ====3/ jl/kl/lt/ 8'Ng -#_
!)_ sf7df8f}F ==== bz}Fdf 6Lsf -#_
!#_ xfdLx? ==== nv]6\g' k5{ -#_
* !) !$_ ;a}hgf ==== cf–cfˆgf] 3/df -#_

( !) !! !@ 7f8f]
!_afafn] p;sf] ==== d'O{ vfg'eof] -#_
!# !$ @_ d'vdf xfF;]/ === v';L -#_
#_ b]z === ul/G5 -#_
$_ xNsf emu8f x'G5 Tof] ==== xf] -#_
*_ ===== df /ftf] 6Lsf -#_
(_ klxn]sf] em}F ===== sf] uf]nf h:t} -#_
!)_ lbgel/ ==== sf]7fleq -#_
!!_ sDKo'6/sf] ===== -#_
!@_ cIftf clg hd/f === nufP/ -#_
gfd M ============================================================
zAbhfn k|ltof]lutf–%)
sIff M ================ sf] ;dfwfg
ljBfno M ====================================================== !
;f
@
;
@
/
#
cf
$

% ^
7]ufgf M ====================================================== p xfF df df qf df
& *
======================================== g g e O sf]
* !)
P
( !) !! !@
lg 3 / df :gf
zAbhfn k|ltof]lutfsf lgod M !#
sf 6] / lg
!$
lZr t
Ng] d} ; s
!= o; k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL x'g dfly lbOPsf] s'kg
eƒ]ƒ k7fpg'kg{]5„ kmf]6f]skLnfO{ dfGotf lbOg] 5}g„ ebf} dlxgfsf] d'gf 1fgd~rsf] ;xL ;dfwfg
@= o;df sIff !) ;Ddsf ljBfyL{ dfq ;xefuL x'g k7fpg'xg' ] ;xefuLdWo] uf]nfk|yfaf6 ljhoL tLg
kfpg'x'g]5„ hgfsf] gfd 7]ufgf tn lbOPsf] 5 M
#= s]ƒd]6 ulƒPsf] s'kg dfGo x'g] 5}g„ != dfg'if >]i7 sIff &
efg'eQm d]df]l/on dflj, sf7df8f}F .
$= ;xL ;dfwfg k7fpg'x'g] a9Ldf tLg hgfnfO{ k'ƒ‚s[t @= o'lgs zdf{, sIff (
ulƒg]5„ ;]G6 d]l/h :s'n, afg]Zj/ .
%= k'ƒ‚sfƒ lng cfpg'x'Fbf klƒrokq lnPƒ cfpg'xf]nf„ #= ;ld/ las], sIff *
^= zAbhfn k|ltof]lutf–%@ sf] ;dfwfg @)&* ;fn sfe|]:ynL dflj, sf7df8f}F .
dª\l;/ % ut];Dddf d'gf dfl;ssf] sfof{nodf cfO k'ƒ‚sfƒsf nflu d'gf dfl;ssf]
k'Ug'kg{]5„ sfof{nodf ;Dks{ ƒfVg'x'g ljhoL
;xefuLnfO{ cg'ƒf]w 5„
@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 47
 …s;n] w]ƒ} zAb agfpg] <Ú k|ltof]lutf – %@
o;k6ssf] k|ltof]lutfsf nflu …;nanfpg'Ú zAb k|‚t't ulƒPsf] 5„ o;
zAbaf6 a9LeGbf a9L z'4 zAb agfPƒ k7fpg'xf]nf ƒ k'ƒ‚sfƒ lhTg'xf]nf„
…s;n] w]ƒ} zAb agfpg] <Ú k|ltof]lutf– %) sf] klƒ0ffd
j}zfv dlxgfsf] …s;n] w]ƒ}
zAb agfpg] <Ú k|ltof]lutfdf k|‚t't gfd M dfg:jL zfx
ulƒPsf] …;Nnfxsf/Ú zAbaf6 sIff M $
;a}eGbf a9L z'4 zAb agfPƒ ljBfno M gjf]lbt ljBf s'~h
ljhoL x'g'ePsf ;xefuL x'g'x'G5 M 7]ufgf M sf7df8f}F .
!= o; k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuLn] cfkm"n] tofƒ uƒ]sf zAb ƒ ltgLx¿sf cy{ n]lvPsf] kfgf
;+nUg uƒ]ƒ k7fpg'kg{]5„
@= k|‚t't ulƒPsf] zAbdf gePsf cIfƒ gofF zAbdf k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g„ k|of]u ulƒPdf
k|ltof]lutfdf ;dfj]z uƒfOg] 5}g„
#= o;df sIff !) ;Ddsf ljBfyL{ dfq ;xefuL x'g kfpg'x'g]5„
lgod

$= ;a}eGbf a9L z'4 zAb k7fpg'x'g] Ps hgfnfO{ k'ƒ‚s[t ulƒg]5„

…s;n] w]ƒ} zAb agfpg] <Ú k|ltof]lutf–%@ sf] ;dfwfg @)&* ;fn dª\l;/ % ut];Dddf
d'gf dfl;ssf] sfof{nodf cfOk'Ug'kg{]5„

ƒrgf k7fpg'x'g cg'ƒf]w

n afnaflnsfsf] ax'–cfoflds ljsf;df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ƒrgf pknAw uƒfpg'x'g
afn ;flxTosfƒ, afn ljz]if1 tyf n]vsx¿;dIf cg'ƒf]w 5„
n afndgf]lj1fgnfO{ Wofgdf ƒfv]ƒ afnaflnsfn] a'‰g] ;ƒn, ;ƒ; tyf ƒf]rs z}nLdf
n]lvPsf ƒrgfnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf k|bfg ulƒg]5„
n d'gf dfl;ssf] xƒ]s cÍnfO{ ljljwtfk"0f{ agfpgsf nflu ljljw ljwfdf n]lvPsf
ƒrgf k7fpg'xf]nf„
n ƒrgfsf ;fydf n]vssf] tl‚aƒ klg k7fpg'xf]nf„
n ;DalGwt lrqx¿ ;+nUg ulƒPsf ƒrgfnfO{ k|fyldstf k|bfg ulƒg]5„
n k|sflzt ƒrgfsf nflu oyf]lrt kflƒ>lds k|bfg ulƒg]5„
n d'gf dfl;ssf nflu k7fOPsf ƒrgfnfO{ ^ dlxgf;Dd cGoq k|sfzgsf nflu
gk7fpg'xf]nf„
k|fKt ƒrgfx¿ u'0f‚tƒ, pko'Qm ƒ ;d;fdlossf cfwfƒdf ^ dlxgfleq k|sflzt
ulƒg] 5g† ƒ ;f] cjlwdf k|sflzt gePsf ƒrgf c‚jLs[t ePsf] dfGg' kg{]5„

48 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

tn lbOPsf] lrqnfO{ Ļ\uLg agfpg'
xf];† ƒ sf]7fdf ;hfpg' xf];†„
/ª e/f}“

;o'h >]i7, sfJo :s'n, afg]Zj/

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 49

 afnsyf

ctL{
;'ufsf]
æjg eP kf] t jg Kof/f] x'g'
lg efO Û of] ;'Gb/ dbfg] jg
b'O{ jif{sf] cGt/fndf k"/} phf8
eP5 . oxfF cfPb]lv s]xL vfg
nlntf bf]ifL kfPsf] 5}g . ca aRrf s;/L
sf]/Ng] xf]nf < sxfF uP Tolt
w]/} r/fx¿ <
;fFem;fFemsf] ;do lyof] . ;'uf a;]sf] eGg] kf] ;f]r]sf] lyPF .
xfFufdf a:b} d}gfn] eGof], æx}g ;'uf bfO Û tkfO{+ hª\unnfO{ df:g' x'Gg hf]ufpg' kf] k5{
t lkFh8faf6 lg:s]/ cfPkl5 v';L x'g'kg]{ xf] kz'kG5L, dfG5] hlt ;asf] lxt u5{
emg\ emf]qmfO/xg'ePsf] 5 . jgr/LnfO{ jg g} kfgL kf5{ hª\unn], klx/f] klg /f]S5
Kof/f] x'G5 x}g / <Æ xfd|f] b'Mv, kL8f ;a} hª\unn] af]S5 .ÚÚ
;'ufn] cfFvfel/ cfF;' kfb}{ eGof], æjg eP csf]{ xfFufdf a;]/ s'/f ;'lg/x]sf] sf]OnLn]
kf] t jg Kof/f] x'g' lg efO Û of] ;'Gb/ dbfg] cln Joª\Uo xfF;f] xfF:b} eGof], æd'vdf /fd/fd
jg b'O{ jif{sf] cGt/fndf k"/} phf8 eP5 . oxfF aunLdf 5'/f eg]sf] oxL xf] . kfkL dfG5]x¿
cfPb]lv s]xL vfg kfPsf] 5}g . ca aRrf ljgfz klg cfkm}F u5{g\ . ctL{ klg cf}km}F lbG5g\ .Æ
s;/L sf]/Ng] xf]nf < sxfF uP Tolt w]/} r/fx¿ ;'ufn] ;DemfpFb} eGof], æd'vdf cfof] eGb}df
< l;+x, af3, efn', xl/0f, d[u, afFb/, h/fof], h] kfof] ToxL KjfSs af]Ng'x'Gg Sof Û ;a} dfG5]
v/fof] klg Tolt b]lVbgF . ca xfd|f] cl:tTj g} g/fd|f x'Fb}gg\ . uª\uf kf}8]nn] n]v]sf] hª\unsf]
;dfKt xf]nf h:tf] 5 .Æ uLt ;'lgxfNof} . pxfFn] xfdLnfO{ dfof u/]/
d}gfn] klg cfF;' r'xfpFb} eGof], ædfG5]df sljtf, syf, pkGof;, sfJo ;a} n]Vg'ePsf]
nf]e, kfk a9]kl5 s;sf] s] nfU5 / bfO < 5 . lar/f x]d kf}8]n a'af t r/f eg]kl5
dbfg] jg dfq xf]Og, ;a} jgsf] oxL xfnt 5 . e't'Ss} x'g'x'G5 . pxfF r/fk|]dL / r/f ljz]if1 g}
ljkt\sf] a]nfdf t a'l4n] sfd lng' eG5g\ . x'g'x'G5 lg Û ltdLx¿ klg x]g{ lxF8 g pxfFn] y'k|}
s;sf] a'l4n] s] sfd lng', d}n] klg s]xL ;f]Rg r/fx¿sf] lrq agfpg'ePsf] 5 .Æ
g} ;s]sf] 5}g eGof ÛÆ as'Nnf p8]/ cfO{ xfFufdf a:b} eGof], æx}g
;'ufn] s]xL ;De]me}mF u/L eGof], æcf]h' gfg' oxfF s] s'/f eO/x]sf] 5 < ;'uf efO t a]kQ}
/ clegj afa'n] ;w}F uª\uf cfdfn] n]Vg'ePsf]] ePsf] lyof}, cfP5f} v';L nfUof] . s;/L k'mlTsg
oxL uLt eGy] . To;}n] d}n] t hª\un /fd|} xf]nf ;Sof} lkFh8faf6 <Æ

50 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 ;'ufn] gd| :j/df hjfkm lbof], æd]/f] syf kl/jf/ cfk"mn] n]v]sf] uLtn] ;f/f ufpFn]nfO{
a]Un} 5 bfO Û u'n]nLn] nfu]kl5 d x]d a'afsf] ;'ufn] ;r]t u/fPsf] s'/f ;'g]/ bª\u eP .
cfFugdf k5fl/g k'u]F . pxfFn] kfkL l;sf/LnfO{ ufnL x]dsf kl/jf/nufot ;f/f ufpFn]x¿ h'/d'¥ofP .
ub}{ d]/f] 3fpdf t]n, a];f/ nufP/ cf}ifwf]krf/ dbfg] jgdf j[If/f]k0f u/]/ hª\un x/fe/f agfP,
ug{'eof] . cf]h' / clegj afa'gfgL dnfO{ To;kl5 ;a} kz'kG5L v';L eP .
b]v]kl5 ;fx|} v';L eP . uª\uf cfdfn] dnfO{ hª\un df;]/ wgL ePsf s]xL dflg;x¿nfO{
cfk"m ;'Tg] sf]7fdf sk8f cf]5ØfP/ ;'Tg] 7fpF eg] ;'ufb]lv ;fx|} l/; p7Øf] . pgLx¿n]
agfOlbg'eof] . d lgsf] eP/ oxfF cfpg nfUbf ;'ufnfO{ dfg]{ of]hgf agfP . ;'uf a:g] ?vd'lg
cf]h' gfgL / clegj afa' g} /f]Pkl5 d ToxLF g} vf];f{gL, ds}, ux'F cflb rf/f /fvL] hfn
a;]F . ;a} hgf dnfO{ c;fWo} dfof ug'{x'GYof] . la5ØfP . dWofXgsf] ;do lyof] . …dfG5]x¿n]
d]/f] ef]s, ltvf{sf] Vofn ug'{x'GYof] . d pxfFx¿ d]/f] sfdb]lv v';L eP/ hª\und} rf/f 5/]5g\Ú
htf hfg'x'GYof] Tot} kl5kl5 p8\y]F . slxn] eGb} v';L eO{ ;'uf rf/f vfg s] uPsf]
sfFwdf, slxn] 6fpsfdf a;]/ klg pxfFx¿;Fu} lyof] . ;'uf hfndf cNe]mkl5 56k6fpFb} s/fpg
x'Gy]F . To;}n] d}n] ;a} lal;{Psf] lyPF . Ps lbg nfUof] . of] b[Zo b]v]/ c¿ r/fx¿ cfsfzdf
Pp6f b':6 aRrfn] km]l/ dnfO{ u'n]nLn] xfGof] .
To;kl5 ;a}n] …ltdL hª\und} hfpFm oxfF ;'/Iff æo;/L x/]; vfP/ ;d:ofsf]
5}gÚ eg]/ k7fpg'eof] . hª\unsf] of] xfnt ;dfwfg x'Fb}g efO Û a? s]xL
b]Vbf d'6' g} lr/flr/f eof] . d Tof] :ju{h:tf] u/f}F, of] hª\unnfO{ klxnfsf] h:tf]
3/ 5f]8]/ oxfF lsg cfP x'Fnf <Æ agfpmF . ltdL af]Ng ;S5f}, cf]h' /
sf]OnLn] ;DemfpFb} eGof], æo;/L x/]; vfP/ clegjn] ufPsf] ToxL uLt ;a}
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'Fb}g efO Û a? s]xL u/f}F,
of] hª\unnfO{ klxnfsf] h:tf] agfpmF . ltdL dfG5]x¿nfO{ ;'gfP/ x]/ t Û clg
af]Ng ;S5f}, cf]h' / clegjn] ufPsf] ToxL s] x'Fbf]/x]5 . dfG5]x¿nfO{ ;r]t
uLt ;a} dfG5]x¿nfO{ ;'gfP/ x]/ t Û clg s] agfpg] lhDdf ca ltd|f] xf] .Æ
x'Fbf]/x]5 . dfG5]x¿nfO{ ;r]t agfpg] lhDdf
ca ltd|f] xf] .Æ p8\b} s/fpg nfu] . ;'uf ca dl/g] eOof] eg]/
as'Nnf, eFu]/f, ;f/fF}, sfu, 9's'/ ;a}n] lg/fz eof] . hlt sf]l;; ubf{ klg hfnaf6
sf]OnLsf] s'/fdf ;dy{g hgfP . ;'ufnfO{ klg v'6\6f lgl:sPg emg\ v'6\6f hfndf a]l/of] .
;a}sf s'/f 7Ls nfUof] . ToxfFaf6 p8]/ ;'uf sfun] d';fnfO{ NofP/ hfnglhs} 5f]8\b}
dfG5]sf] a:tLdf uof] . kw]F/fsf] l8ndf a;]/ eGof], æd';f efO Û d}n] ltdLnfO{ vfg NofPsf]
;'ufn] eGof]– xf]Og lg Û x]/ g, of] hª\un x/fe/f agfpg]
æhª\unnfO{ df:g' x'Gg hf]ufpg' kf] k5{ ;'ufnfO{ arfpg ltdLnfO{ vf]Hb} lyPF . wGo
kz'kG5L, dfG5] hlt ;asf] lxt u5{ ltdLnfO{ b]v]F . ;a} s'/feGbf ca]/ xf]nf eg]/
kfgL kf5{ hª\unn], klx/f] klg /f]S5 s]xL geg]sf] x'F . laGtL hfn rfF8} sfl6b]pm . d
xfd|f] b'Mv, kL8f ;a} hª\unn] af]S5 .ÚÚ ltdLnfO{ s]xL ulb{gF .Æ
kw]F/fdf kfgL lng uPsf afns, a"9f, dlxnf d5'{ eg]/ 8/fPsf] d';fn] v';L x'Fb} eGof], æd
;a}n] 5Ss kb}{ ;'ufsf] uLt ;'g] . ;'ufnfO{ cjZo hfn sfl6lbG5' t/ tL kfkL dfG5]x¿nfO{
bf]xf]¥ofO{–t]x¥ofO{ uLt ufpg eg] . ;'ufn] klg To;} 5f]8\g'x'Gg lg Û hfnaf6 pDs] klg ;'uf
To;} u¥of] . ef]lnkN6;Dd t ;f/f ufpFel/ bfOn] hfnd} cNem]sf] afxgf ug'{ xf]nf pgLx¿
;'ufn] eg]sf] uLtsf] s'/f k}mlnof] . ;a}sf] oxfF cfPkl5 ;a} r/fx¿ ldn]/ pgLx¿nfO{
d'vdf ;'ufn] ufPsf] uLt g} e'mlG8of] . 7'lªlbg'xf]nf . tkfO{+x¿ Ps x'g'eof] eg] s;}n]
s;}n] b]jtf g} ;'ufsf] ¿k lnP/ xfdLnfO{ s]xL ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . clxn] pgLx¿nfO{ 5f]8Øf]
ctL{ lbg cfPsf] xf] eGg yfn] . sf]xL hª\un eg] s'g} pkfo lgsfn]/ tkfO{+x¿nfO{ km]l/ dfg{
df;] cfˆg} ljgfz x'g] /x]5 eGg yfn] . x]dsf ;S5g\ .Æ á

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 51

 jif{df b'O{j6f 7"nL PsfbzL x'G5g\, Pp6f eujfg\af6 ljd'v x'g'kg]{, b'Mv x'g'kg]{ x'Fb}g .
cfiff9sf] z'Sn PsfbzL / sflt{s s[i0f cfiff9df kg]{ xl/zogL PsfbzLdf t'n;L
PsfbzL . o;df vf;u/L lji0f'sf] k"hf x'G5 /f]lkG5 . sflt{sdf kg]{ xl/af]lwgL PsfbzLdf
cyf{t\ eujfg\ lji0f'k|lt ;dlk{t ug]{ lbg . t'n;L bfdf]b/sf] k"hf ul/G5 . zflnu|fdsf] k"hf
cfiff9df kg]{ PsfbzLnfO{ xl/zogL PsfbzL ul/G5 . oL ;a} k"hf u/]/ eujfg\x¿sf] k"hf
elgG5 . sflt{ssf] PsfbzLnfO{ xl/af]lwgL ug]{ / j|t a:g] ul/G5 . j|tsf lbg ehgsLt{g
PsfbzL cyf{t\ 7"nf] PsfbzL elgG5 . cfiff9sf] ug]{ ul/G5 . /ftsf] ;dodf hfu|fd a:g] rng
z'Sn PsfbzLb]lv sflQssf] s[i0f PsfbzL;Dd 5 . >Ldb\efujtsf] #-%_ sf] !(cf}F v08df
-åfbzLdf ;dfkg_ u/L of] PsfbzLsf] rf/ dlxgf t'n;L la?jfsf] b}ljs u'0fnfO{ JofVof ul/Psf]
j|t lnOG5 . o;nfO{ rt'df{;f j|t klg elgG5 . 5 . t'n;Lsf] dxìj slt;Dd 5 eg] ef]hgdf
o;nfO{ 7"nL PsfbzL klg elgG5 . sf]hfu|t b}lgs ¿kdf o;sf] kft lnOG5 . t'n;Lsf] k"hf
k"l0f{dfaf6 afNg yflnPsf] cfsfz] aQLnfO{ u/]df cgGt kmn k|fKt x'g] s'/f :sGb k'/f0fdf
xl/af]lwgLsf lbgb]lv afNg aGb ul/G5 . klg kfOG5 . xl/af]lwgL PsfbzLsf] ef]lnkN6
xl/zogL PsfbzLaf6 lr/ lg›fdf ;'Tg'ePsf t'n;Lsf] kQf vfP / zfnu|fdsf] hn lnPkl5
lji0f' eujfg\ p7\g'x'G5 eGg] hgljZjf; 5 . j|t ;DkGg x'G5 . x'gtM j}lbs ;gftgLx¿ k|ftM
xl/af]lwgL PsfbzLnfO{ o; jif{sf rf8kj{x¿sf] ;dodf df]7df k'uL t'n;Lsf] af]6df kfgL r9fP/

t'n;L k"hf
xl/zogL PsfbzLaf6 lr/
lgb|fdf ;'Tg'ePsf lji0f' eujfg\
p7\g'x'G5 eGg] hgljZjf; 5 .
xl/af]lwgL PsfbzLnfO{ o; jif{sf
rf8kj{x¿sf] vftf aGb x'g] lbgsf
uf]kLs[i0f 9'+ufgf ¿kdf klg lnOG5 .
vftf aGb x'g] lbgsf ¿kdf klg lnOG5 . gd:sf/ ug]{ ;+:sf/ cem} 5Fb}5 . hGdb]lv
vf; jif{df @$ j6f PsfbzL x'G5g\ . oL d[To';Dd g} t'n;Lsf] k|of]u ePsf] kfOG5 . xl/of]
rf/ dlxgfdf eg] cf7j6f PsfbzL k5{g\ . kQf xf];\ jf ;'s]sf] d~h/L, b}glGbg sfo{b]lv
cyf{t\ dlxgfdf b'O{j6f PsfbzL k5{g\ . jif{el/ k"hfcfhf;Dd t'n;Lsf] k|of]u ePs} x'G5 .
PsfbzLsf] j|t lng g;Sg], gEofpg] jf t'n;Lsf 8fF7 klg k|of]udf cfpF5g\ .
gldNg]sf nflu of] rf/ dlxgf j|t lng' pQd x'g] …ç t'n;L bfdf]b/fEof+ gdMÚ eGb} t'n;L
dflgG5 . sflt{s z'Sn PsfbzLdf j|t ug]{x¿n] ljjfxdf kfB hn, c3{, cfrdg ug]{ rng
t'n;Lsf] ljz]if k|sf/n] k"hf u5{g\ . k"hf u/L 5 . b"w, bxL, l3p, dx, lrgL ldnfP/ k~rfd[t
ef]lnkN6 j|t pBfkg -;dfkg_ ug{] rng 5 . agfO{ t'n;Lsf] :gfg ug]{ k/Dk/f 5 . eQmhgn]
hf]l8Psf] k|;ª\u rflxF g'jfuL vfg] xf] . wfg / cfˆgf] uR5]cg';f/ >4f Pj+ elQmn] rGbg
hf} kfSbf g'jfuL vfOG5 . o;df t'n;Lsf] xf]d nufO{ ;f}efUosf k|tLs l;Gb"/, 6Lsf / j:q
klg ul/G5 . rf/ dlxgf j|t lnO{ k"hfcfhf ul/g] cflb r9fpg] u5{g\ . eujfg\ zfnu|fd xftdf
ePsfn] o;nfO{ 7"nL PsfbzL elgG5 . lnP/ t'n;Lsf] ;ft k6s kl/qmdf u/L blIf0ff
PsfbzLsf] j|tdf l£gafwf gk/f];\ eg]/ klg r9fPkl5 cf/tL u/L t'n;L ljjfx ;DkGg
j|t pkf;gf ug]{ k|rng 5 . eljio k'/f0fsf ul/G5 . t'n;Lsf] ljjfx ubf{ ;'v, zflGt /
cg';f/ *) jif{;Dd 7"nL PsfbzLsf] j|t a:g]n] ;d[l4 k|fKt x'g] hgljZjf; 5 . á

52 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 d]/f] s'rL

s]zj clwsf/L sIff @

>Lb]jL afn;'wf/ :s'n, uf]s0f{, sf7df8f}F .

cNsf u'?ª, sIff *

;/:jtL dflj, 6f]vf, sf7df8f}F .

cl;of du/, sIff !

;/:jtL dflj, 6f]vf, sf7df8f}F .

lgef s];L, sIff & uf}/j nfld5fg], sIff $

;+:sf/ g];gn :s'n, eQmk'/ ;+:sf/ g];gn :s'n, eQmk'/

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 53

 k|ofu zdf{, sIff #
;f}efUo clwsf/L, sIff # e]g; klAns :s'n, sf7df8f}F
c?l0fdf dflj, af}4, sf7df8f}F

h]lgz tfdfª, sIff %

OlnS;/ Ps]8d] L, v/Laf]6

h]gL tfdfª, sIff o'sh ] L

h]lgy hf]g, r'Rr]kf6L, sf7df8f}F

clbtL >]i7, sIff @

eujtL cª\uh
] | L dflj, l;Gw'nL .

cf/e cfrfo{, sIff ^ /fh]z /fgf du/, sIff %

/f]ha8{ :s'n, a'4gu/, sf7df8f}F . dx]Gb| cfwf/e"t dflj, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/

54 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

sljtf

kf]s]dg
ljZjljdf]xg >]i7

/fd|f] nfpg], dL7f] vfg] bz}F xfd|f] rf8

/dfOnf] ub}{ v]Ng] ;fyLefOsf] dfem
sf]/f]gfsf] qf;n] ubf{ of] kfln t x]/
3/d} a;L 6Lsf nfpg] kl/jf/sf ;fy .
cfzLjf{b / blIf0ffn] el/GYof] of] vNtL
/f]6] lkª / lnË] lkªdf x'GYof] 3Rrf3RrL
:s'n klg aGb eG5g\, 3'dlkm/ klg aGb
slxn];Dd a:g' x/] 3/leq} yRrL .
6f9f eof] dfdf3/, 6f9f eof] km"k"
OG6/g]6 / kf]s]dgdf xfdL n'6'k'6'
sxfF hfg', s] g} ug{' ;a} aGbfaGbL
of] aGbn] ug{' u¥of] eG5g\ 5fof] dGbL .
of] kflnsf] bz}F x]/ vNnf] x'g] 8/
s] kf] xf]nf s'g a]nf 5}g s'g} e/ .

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 55

 hfgsf/L
cfhsf afnaflnsf /fi6«sf pHHjn eljio x'g\ . pgLx¿sf
slnnf] dl:tissf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;sf nflu ljleGg af}l4s -1fgsf_
v'/fsx¿ cfjZos kb{5 . afnsyf, sljtf, gf6s dfq kof{Kt gx'gfn] 1fg pbf;
;fydf ;fdfGo 1fg klg dxìjk"0f{ v'/fs ePsf]n] ljleGg cgf}7f s'/f
k|:t't ug]{ qmddf o;k6s hLjghGt' ljifo;DaGwL k|:t't u/]sf 5f}F .

k]8f];fOkl/l;; k|f]h]lg6f ;+;f/s}

;fgf] df5f xf] . of] df5fnfO{ klxnf] k6s
j}1flgsx¿n] ;'dfqfsf] OG8f]g]l;og 6fk'df
km]nf kf/]sf lyP . of] df5fsf] z/L/sf] s'n
df5fsf ;ft kv]6f x'G5g\ . nDafO &=( ldlnld6/ dfq x'G5 . of] eg]sf]
Ps OGrsf] Ps t[tLof+zeGbf klg sd xf] .

cgf}7f s'/f
u8\of}nfsf cfFvf x'Fb}gg\ .

of] ;aeGbf
l56f] p8\g] k'tnL xfF;n] k|foM laxfg dfq km'n -c08f_ kf5{ .
df]gfs{ xf] . df]gfs{sf]
clwstd ult !&
dfOn k|lt306f
kfOPsf] 5 . of] k'ntLn] pQ/ cd]l/sfsf] u|]6 la/fnf]sf] v'§fdf
n]S;b]lv d]lS;sf]sf] vf8L;Dd sl/a b'O{ !* j6f v'/ x'G5g\ .
xhf/ dfOn ofqf u5{ / j;Gt Ct'df k'gM u|]6
n]S;d} kms{G5 .

;fs{ df5f
xfQLn] csf]{ ;fyL To:tf] df5f
xfQLsf] cfjfh cf7 xf], h;sf]
lsnf]ld6/;Dd ;'Gg cl:yk~h/
;S5g\ . xf8n] geP/
sfl6n]hn]
ag]sf] x'G5 . á
;|f]tM ljleGg kqklqsf
56 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{
dxfdf/Lsf] a]nf rf8jf8 dgfp“bf
Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?

u ;Dej eP;Dd ahf/ / cfkmGtsf]df ghfcf}F,

u ;fdfg vl/b ug{ hfg} k/] eL8ef8af6 arf}F,

ef}lts b"/L sfod u/f}F,

u 3/ aflx/ lg:sg} k/] df:ssf] clgjfo{ k|of]u

u/f}F,

u 3/ kmls{Pkl5 ;se/ g'xfpg] jf ;fa'g kfgLn]

xft, d'v uf]8f /fd|f];Fu wf]cf}F .

g]kfn ;/sf/
lj1fkg af]8{

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 57

 afnsljtf

h]a|f qml;ª

sdnf /fhe08f/L

æb]Vg'eof] ePg Û …h]a|fqml;ªÚ cfpFb} 5 eG5g\ km]l/ rfns bfO, æx]g{ vf]Hof] b]lvGg
af6f] sf6\g dfG5]sf] Ps x'n hDdf x'Fb} 5 /ª d]l6Psf]n] h]a|f qml;ª e]l6GgÆ
xtf/ x'G5 ;a}nfO{ ;d:of of] a'‰g' x} xfdLnfO{ lg ufx|f] 5 …h]a|f s|l;ªÚ vf]HgnfO{
ult sDtL ug'{ x} nf}g Kof/f rfns bfO ÛÆ km';{b lsg ePg Tolt /ª kf]TgnfO{ .
eGof}F, ;'Gg' ePg s'/fx¿ s;}sf] …h]a|f qml;ªÚ d]l6Fbf b'3{6gf x'g] ef] Û
rfns bfOn] s'bfP xfjf rNof] a;}sf] xfd|} sdhf]/Ln] xfd|} dg ?g] ef] Û
/f]s]kl5 eGof}F lg k'ln; lbbL bfh'nfO{ Tolt /ª nfpgnfO{ vf;} ufx|f] s] 5 / Û
æo;f] ;DemfOlbg' g xfd|f rfns bfh'nfO{ .Æ xfdL cfkm}F u/f}Fnf cfh} hDdf eP/ .

58 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 k|Llt ( sIffdf k9\g] c;n 5fqf x'g\ . pgL
:s'naf6 cfPkl5 ;w}F xft d'v uf]8f wf]]P/ cfdfn] cfdfn] pgnfO{ 3/
agfPsf] vfhf vfP/ :s'ndf lzIfslzlIfsfn] gluFr}sf] em\ofDd k/]sf]
lbPsf] u[xsfo{ uly{g\ . s'g} a]nf cfk"mnfO{ ?vdf b]vfP/ elgg\
u[xsfo{ gcfpFbf cfdfnfO{ ;f]lWyg\ . k|foM 3/df sfun] Tof] ?vdf u'F8
o:t} x'GYof] . nufPsf] 5, To;}n]
avf{ nfu]sf] lyof] ;fFem k/]kl5 pgsL cfdf cfˆgf ar]/fx?nfO{
n'uf w'g sf};Ldf uOg\ . o:tf] qmd w]/} lbg s;}n] xdnf gu/f];
g} rln /Xof] . To;}n] zlgaf/sf] lbg k|Llt eg]/ cfdfafaf sfun]
lbpF;} u[xsfo{ ;s]sf]n] cfdfsf] kl5 nflug\ . j/k/sf ;a}nfO{ 7'FUg]
u5{g\ . ;fFem k/]kl5
pgLx? u'F8df a:g]
ePsfn] d}n] ;fFem n'uf
w'g] u/]sf] 5f]/L elgg\ .

pgn] aNn cfdf;Fu ;f]Wg yflng\ . cfdfn]

pgnfO{ 3/ gluFr}sf] emØfDd k/]sf] ?vdf
b]vfP/ elgg\ sfun] Tof] ?vdf u'F8 nufPsf]
5, To;}n] cfˆgf ar]/fx¿nfO{ s;}n] xdnf
b'uf{ 9sfn gu/f];\ eg]/ cfdfafaf sfun] j/k/sf ;a}nfO{
7'FUg] u5{g\ . ;fFem k/]kl5 pgLx¿ u'F8df a:g]
ePsfn] d}n] ;fFem n'uf w'g] u/]sf] 5f]/L elgg\ .

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 59

k|Lltn] cfdfnfO{ slxn];Dd
o:tf] ug]{ cfdf eg]/ ;f]lwg\ .
clg cfdfn] hjfkmdf elgg\,
ha;Dd tL ar/f]x¿n]
cfkm}F :jtGq ¿kdf p8\g,rf/f]
-r/fsf] vfgf_ vf]h]/ vfg,
zq'af6 aRg ;Sb}gg\ ta;Dd
tL cfdfafaf sfun] o;/L g}
xfdLnfO{ ;tfO /xG5g\ . o:t}
c¿ hgfj/x¿ klg cfˆgf
aRrf gx's{~h]n;Dd o:t}
u5{g\ . of] t pgLx¿sf]
k|fs[lts u'0f g} xf] . hfGg] a'em\g] df}sf klg kfPsL lyOg\ . cfdf t
ca eg] k|LltnfO{ w]/} s'/fsf] 1fg eof] . 3/sf] klxnf] kf7zfnf xf] eGg] s'/f pgn] klxn]
cfdfsf] lhDd]jf/L ;Gtfg x'sf{pg slt w]/} x'g] g} a'em]sL lyOg\ .
/x]5 eGg] s'/fsf] klg 1fg eof] . o;kl5 7"nf] ePkl5 dfq :jtGq 1fg x'g] /x]5 .
pgnfO{ cfdfsf] dfof klg w]/} nfUg yfNof] . ;fgf]df cfdfafafsf] dfof, k|]d / l;sfO g} xfd|f]
cfsfzdf p8\g] ;a} r/fsf af/]df klg pgn] cg'zf;g /x]5 . ;fgf] Pp6f r/fsf] u'F8af6
;f]Rg yflng\ . o;/L g} lbg/ft u'F8sf] jl/kl/ klg pgn] w]/} lzIff kfOg\ . lzIff eGg] s'/f
a;]/ cfˆgf] ;GtfgnfO{ ;+;f/ b]vfpg] /x]5g \. 7"nf] 7"nf] a'/faf6 dfq xf]Og ;fgf]af6 klg
pgnfO{ cfdfafaf b'j} dxfg\ nfUof] . ns8fpgsf] kfpg ;lsg] /x]5 . ca of] 1fg k|Lltn] slxNo}
;dodf cfdfafaf;Fu} 3/ a:bf pgn] w]/} s'/f la;{g] 5}gg\ . á

…zLif{s s] xf] <Ú k|ltof]lutf – %@ …zLif{s s] xf] <Ú– %)

zLif{s M ===========================================
k|ltof]lutfsf] klƒ0ffd M
gfd M ============================================== d'gf dfl;ssf] @)&*
sIff M ================ ebf} dlxgfdf k|sflzt …zLif{s s]
ljBfno M ======================================== xf] <Ú–%) k|ltof]lutfsf nflu k|fKt
zLif{sdWo] lgDglnlvt zLif{s ;jf{]Ts[i6
7]ufgf M ===========================================
ePsf] 5 M
lgod M
zLif{s M ss{nf]sf] dxŒj
!= dfly lbOPsf] syfsf nflu ;'xfpFbf] zLif{s k|]ifs M >Lhg 8+uf]n
k7fpg'xf]nf„ sIff M (
@= zLif{s 5f]6f] x'g'kg{]5„
#= o; k|ltof]lutfdf sIff !) ;Ddsf ljBfyL{n] dfq ljBfno M o'gfO6]8 :s'n
efu lng kfpg'x'g]5„ 7]ufgf M sfe|]:ynL, sf7df8f}F„
$= ;a}eGbf ;'xfpFbf] zLif{ssf nflu k'ƒ‚sfƒsf]
Joj‚yf 5„ ljhoL ;xefuLnfO{ k'ƒ‚sfƒsf nflu d'gf
s'kgdf zLif{s e/]/ @)&* ;fn dª\l;/ % ut];Dddf dfl;ssf] sfof{nodf ;Dks{ ƒfVg'x'g
d'gf dfl;ssf] sfof{nodf cfOk'Ug'kg{]5„ cg'ƒf]w 5„

60 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 61
62 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{
@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 63
 ljBfno :t/Lo lj1fg ljBfyL{
k|ltef klxrfg k|ltof]lutfdf pgL j}1flgs cGj]if0fdf
k|yd ePkl5 k|f~hnnfO{ e]6\g]
/ pgn] agfPsf lj1fg;DaGwL k|f~hn
pks/0f cjnf]sg ug]{x¿sf]
3'OFrf] nfu]sf] xf]. bfdf]b/ kf}8]n

k|f~hn 1jfnL ;fg}b]vL lh1f;' :jefjsf lj1fg ljBfyL{ k|ltef klxrfg k|ltof]lutfdf pgL
lyP . lj1fgsf ljleGg lqmofsnfkdf pgL v'a k|yd eP .
?lr /fVy] . o;sf] nflu pgn] lgs} ldlxg]t k|f~hn alb{of lhNnf a9}oftfn ufpFkflnsf
klg uy{] . kl/>dsf] kmn cjZo klg dL7f] x'G5 j8f g+= * ltnsfgfdf eujtL ;+:s[t tyf
eg]h:t} s]xL ;docl3 lj1fg lzIfs ;dfhn] ;fwf/0f dfWolds ljBfno sIff !)df k95g\ .
/fi6«JofkL ¿kdf ;~rfng u/]sf] ljBfno :tl/o ljBfnodf pgsf] k|:t'tLx? w]/} g} k|z+gLo 5 .

64 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

k|f~hnn] Ú:df6{ xf]d… agfP/ k|bz{g u/]sf lyP . tyf 7"nf] kfgL k/]sf] ;"rgf 3/leq a}7s sIfdf
clxn] k|f~hnsf] ufpFdf pgsf] j}1flgs cfpg] ub{5 . aflx/ ;'sfPsf ;dfgx? kfgLn]
cGj]if0f x]g{ lzIfs,ljBfyL{ / cGo dflg;x¿ lehfpg ;Sb}g . pgn] kfgL k/]sf] yfxf lbg]
klg cfO/x]sf 5g\ . oGq h8fg u/]sf 5g\ . /ft k/]kl5 c6f]d]l6s
lhNnf x'Fb}, k|b]z / s]Gb|df u/fOPsf] of] nfO6x? aNg] / pHofnf] ePkl5 aGb x'g] k|0ffnL
k|bz{gLdf b]ze/af6 k|ltefx¿ 5gf]6 u/L /fli6«o h8fg u/]sf 5g .
k|lt:kwf{sf nflu cgnfOg k|bz{gLsf] cfof]hgf o:t}, k|f~hnn] cfkm\gf] cfw'lgs 3/
ul/Psf] lyof] . jftfj/0fd}qL klg agfPsf 5g\ . vfg]kfgL
cWoog sf]7f g} lj1fg k|of]uzfnf 6\ofª\sL el/FbflalQs} cfkmF} c6f]d]l6s df]6/
k|f~hnsf] cWoog sf]7f g} k|of]zfnf h:t} aGbx'g], / 6\ofª\sL vfnL eof] eg] df]6/
nfU5 . k|f~hnsf a'jf k|lbk 1jfnLsf cg';f/ c6f]d]l6s ¿kdf :jLr cg eO{ kfgL 6\ofª\sLdf
pgn] lalu|Psf ljB'tLo pks/0f, v]/ uPsf kfgL el/g] k|ljlw hf]8]sf 5g\ . o;af6 kfgL
;fdfu|L, sfuh, sf7, saf8{df ldNsfOPsf
kmnfdsf 6'qmf6fqmL ,/]l8of] 6LeL, sDKo'6/sf
kf6k'hf{, df]6/, r'Das cflbaf6 ;L;L Sofd/f k|f~hn k9\g] ljBfnodf lj1fg
, eL8Lof] Sofd/f , P6LPd d]lzg, df]afOnsf] k|of]zfnf 5}g. pgnfO{ lj1fg
rfh{/, vfg]kfgL ljt/0f ug]{ d]lzg, kfj/ a}ª\s, k9fpg] lzIfs eGg'x'G5,
xft] dfOs, kmfo/ cfn/fd, k|f]h]S6/, kª\vf, æljBfnoaf6 pgnfO{ vf;} ;xof]u
df]afOn Nofk6k, k};f 5fKg] d]lzg, jfkm lng]
d]lzg, kmf]6f] lvRg] 6«fOk8, Eofs'd lSng/ ldn]sf] 5}g. JolQmut ?lr /
nufotsf bh{gf}F j}1flgs pks/0f tyf ;fdu|L d]xgtsf] kmn g} pgn] u/]sf
agfO;s]sf 5g\ . j}1flgs cGj]if0fsf] k|ltkmn xf].
zx/Ls/0f / cfw'lgsLs/0fsf] o; o'udf
cfkm\gf] 3/ ;'/lIft / :df6{ xf];\ eGg] cfd eg]{ / aGb ug'{kg]{ emGem6af6 dflg; d'Qm x'g]
dflg;sf] rfxfgf x'G5 . /fd|f],cfw'lgs / ;'ljwf pgsf] ts{ 5 . 3/df cfunflu eof] eg] t'?Gt
;DkGg 3/ clxn]sf] rfxgf / cfjZostf 3/dflnsnfO{ dfafOndf kmf]g hfg] l;:6d 5 .
klg xf] k|f~hnn] o:t} cjwf/0ffdf oL s'/fx? o;af6 7"nf] hgwgsf] Iflt x'gaf6 hf]ufpg
agfPsf x'g\ . ;lsg] pgsf] cGj]if0fn] b]vfPsf] 5 . .
gofF cfw'lgs zx/df ;'ljwf ;DkGg 3/sf pgnfO{ kqsfl/tfdf / ;fdflhs sfo{df klg
nflu l8lh6n :jrflnt 3/ cfjZos /x]sf] plQs} ?rL 5 . pgn] 3/af6} ;dfrf/ ;ª\sng
/ o:tf 3/ s;/L agfpg] eGg]af/]df :df6{ xf]d u/L cfkm\gf] ufFpkflnsfsf] ;dfrf/ cfkmF}n]
k|f]h]S6df pgn] k|bz{g u/]sf 5g\ .:df6{xf]ddf cfkm\gf] o"6\o"a Rofgn lk lk g]kfnaf6 afrg u/L
pgn] Ps bh{geGbf al9 cTofw'lgs l8lh6n k|zf/0f ug]{ u5{g . jftfj/0f / kmf]x/d}nf;DaGwL
cjwf/0ff hf]8]sf 5g\ . :df6{ xf]ddf cfkmF}n] ufpF3/ cleofg ;~rfng u5{g\ . pgL k9fOdf
agfPsf] ;]G;/ nufP/ ;jf/L ;fwg leq aflx/ klg cAan 5g\ . ;flxTo / snfdf klg snd
ubf{ u]6 v'Ng] / aGb x'g] k|ljlw h8fg ul/Psf] rnfpF5g\ . k|f~hn k9\g] ljBfnodf lj1fg
5 . 3/leq k|j]zåf/df 6]SbflalQs} ljB'tLo k|of]zfnf 5}g . pgnfO{ lj1fg k9fpg] lzIfs
306L aHg ;'? u5{ . eGg'x'G5, æljBfnoaf6 pgnfO{ vf;} ;xof]u
o;af6 3/df kl/lrt jf ckl/lrt hf] k|j]z ldn]sf] 5}g . pgsf] JolQmut ?rL / ldx]gtsf]
ubf{ klg ;'/Iffsf lx;fan] 3/dflnsn] o;af/]df kmn g} pgn] u/]sf j}1flgs cGj]if0fsf] k|ltkmn
hfgsf/L lng ;S5g\ . k| 3/ sDkfp08df n]h/ xf] . k|f~hnsf] elj:osf] nIo cfO{6L OlGhlgo/
;]So'l/l6 h8fg u/]sf 5g h;n] ubf{ 3/df aGg] /x]sf] 5 . pgL a}1flgs cg';Gwfgaf6
;'/Iff uf8{ sf] h?/t kb}{g . 3/sf] 5tdf l;dl;d b]zsf] gfd /fVg rfxG5g\ . á

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 65

 v]ns'b
efOalxgLx¿ ltdLx¿nfO{ /f]n df]8n
eg]sf] yfxf 5 . ;a}sf] ;fg}b]lv sf]xL g sf]xL
cfbz{sf ¿kdf /x]sf] x'G5 . w]/} cfˆgf] /f]n
df]8nnfO{ k|]/0ffsf ¿kdf lnP/ k5\ofpg] u5{g\
t/ /f]n df]8n x'g ;lhnf] 5}g . s'g} klg
If]qdf 7"nf] of]ubfg lbg ;s]df dfq ;f] JolQm
/f]n df]8nsf ¿kdf /xG5 . o:tf /f]n df]8n
snsfl/tf, v]ns'b, ;ª\uLt, lj1fg cflb x/]s
If]qdf x'G5 . xfdL o; n]vdf v]n hut\sf o:t}
Ps /f]n df]8nsf af/]df hfgsf/L lng] 5f}F . pxfF
g]kfnL t]SjfGbf]sL cfbz{ v]nf8L ;ª\uLgf j}B
x'g'x'G5 .
;ª\uLgfsf] 5lj g]kfnL t]SjfGbf]df dfq
xf]Og g]kfnL v]ns'bdf g} Ps /f]n df]8nsf
¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . ;ª\uLgfnfO{ k5\ofP/ g]kfndf
w]/} dlxnf t]SjfGbf] hlGdPsf 5g\ . To;}n] t
pxfFnfO{ g]kfnL t]SjfGbf] lSjg klg elgG5 .
g]kfnL v]ns'bdf ;ª\uLgfn] of] OHht To;} eg]
sdfpg'ePsf] xf]Og . ;ª\uLgf g]kfnsf] v]ns'b
Oltxf;d} 5gf]6 r/0f kf/ u/]/ cf]nlDks
v]Ng] klxnf] v]nf8L x'g'x'G5 . blIf0f Pl;ofnL
v]ns'bdf b'O{ :j0f{ / Ps sf+:o klg pxfFsf]
kbs ;ª\u|xdf /x]sf] 5 .
;g\ !((( b]lv @))! ;Dd /fli6«o t]SjfGbf]
k|ltof]lutfdf ;ª\uLgfn] Ps v]n klg xfg'{ePg .
o;af6 g]kfnL t]SjfGbf] ;ª\uLgfsf] babaf s:tf]
lyof] eGg] yfxf x'G5 . o;}u/L ;ª\uLgf ;aeGbf
/f]n df]]8n klxn] Pl;og Kofl;lkms t]SjfGbf] k|ltof]lutfdf
/ht kbs lhTg] klg klxnf] v]nf8L x'g'x'G5 .
;ª\uLgf ;g\ !((! df ;ª\uLgfn] t]SjfGbf] ;'?
ug'{ePsf] xf] . pxfFsf] v]n hLjg !* jif{;Dd
lg/Gt/ rNof] . ;ª\uLgfn] sl/a b'O{ bzs
g]kfnL dlxnf t]SjfGbf]sf] ef/ cfˆgf] sfFwdf
af]Sg'eof] . pxfFn] v]n hLjgaf6 ;GGof; lnFbf
g]kfnL dlxnf t]SjfGbf]sf] Ps o'u g} ;dfKt
ePsf] lyof] . oBlk ;ª\uLgfn] t]SjfGbf]nfO{
5f8\g ;s]sf] 5}g . t]SjfGbf] k|lzIfs /
Joj:yfkssf ¿kdf clxn] klg t]SjfGbf]d}
;dlk{t x''g'x'G5 . To;}n] ;ª\uLgfnfO{ t]SjfGbf]sL
k|lht zfSo ;fws eg]/ klg elgG5 .
:s'n hLjgdf g} ;ª\uLgf v]ntkm{ lgs}

66 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 yfxf eof] / ;ª\uLgfn] t]SjfGbf] g} v]Ng] lg0f{o
ug'{eof] .
;ª\uLgfn] t]SjfGbf] ;'? ubf{ !^ jif{
k'lu;Sg'ePsf] lyof] . 7"nf] v]nf8L x'g
t ;fgf]b]lv g} ;f] v]ndf d]xgt ug'{k5{ t/
;ª\uLgfdf v]n v]Ng] uhasf] Ifdtf lyof] .
pxfFn] cys d]xgt klg ug'{eof] . Snf; gx'g]
a]nf klg ;ª\uLgf PSn} cEof; ug'{x'GYof] .
h'g d]xgtn] t]SjfGbf] ;'? u/]sf] tLg dlxgfdf
g} ;a}nfO{ cfZro{df kfb}{ ;ª\uLgf /fli6«o
RoflDkog aGg'eof] . To;kl5 t ;ª\uLgf ;Lw}
/fli6«o l6ddf kg'{eof] . To;kl5 pxfFnfO{ g]kfndf
x/fpg] sf]xL hGd]gg\ . To;kl5 ;ª\uLgfn]
cGt/f{li6«o v]ndf cfkm"nfO{ s]lGb|t ug'{eof] .
To;kl5 ;ª\uLgfn] g]kfnsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ w]/}
cGt/f{li6«o v]n v]Ng'ePsf] 5 .
v]n hLjgaf6 ;GGof; lnFbf cf]nlDkog ;ª\uLgfn] y'k|} cGt/f{li6«o kbs
g]kfnL dlxnf t]SjfGbf]sf] Ps o'u lhTg'eof] t/ Pl;ofnL v]nsbn] ;ª\uLgfnfO{
g} ;dfKt ePsf] lyof]. oBlk ;w}F lg/fz kf¥of] . ;ª\uLgf cfˆgf] v]n hLjgsf]
;ª\uLgfn] t]SjfGbf]nfO{ 5f8\g pTs[i6 If0fdf /x]sf] a]nf lx/f]l;df Pl;of8df
;s]sf] 5}g. t]SjfGbf]nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Pg . ;g\ !((* df
a}ª\s Pl;of8df ;ª\uLgf :j0f{ kbssf] bfj]bf/
cfslif{t x'g'x'GYof] . ;ª\uLgfsf] afNosfn x'g'x'GYof] t/ Pl;of8sf nflu k|lzIf0faf6 3/
lqz"nLdf lat]sf] xf] . Tof] a]nf ;ª\uLgfn] h] kms{g] qmddf ;ª\uLgfsf] df]6/;fOsnnfO{
e]6\6fpFYof], ToxL v]Ng' x'GYof] . ;ª\uLgfn] a;n] 7Ss/ lbof] . ;ª\uLgfn] 5 dlxgf
km'6an, elnan / Pyn]l6S; v]n]/ cfˆgf] c:ktfndf latfpg' eof] . v'6\6fdf l:6n
afNosfn latfpg'eof] . t]SjfGbf] eg]sf] xfNg' k¥of] . h;n] ;ª\uLgfsf] Pl;of8df :j0f{
t ;ª\uLgfnfO{ yfxf klg lyPg . ;ª\uLgfsf] kbs lhTg] ;kgf rsgfr'/ eof] . To;kl5
t]SjfGbf];Fusf] ;DaGw t w]/}kl5 dfq ePsf] g} ;ª\uLgfsf] v]n hLjg ;lsof] eGg] w]/}
xf] . x'gtM & sIffdf 5Fbf ;ª\uLgfn] …a'|; nLÚsf] lgl:sP . oBlk ;ª\uLgfn] k'gM Psk6s d]xgt
lkmNd x]g'{ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 ;ª\uLgfnfO{ ub}{ /fli6«o l6ddf k'g/fudg ug'{eof] . To;kl5
df;{n cf6{;\k|lt df]x hfUof] t/ lqz"nLdf blIf0f Pl;ofnL v]ns'bdf b'O{ :j0f{ kbs
df;{n cf6{;\ v]lnFb}gYof] . To;}n] ;ª\uLgfn] lhTg'eof] . cf]nlDkssf] 5gf]6 r/0f kf/ u/]/
cfˆgf] OR5f dfg'{ k¥of] . Oltxf; agfpg'eof] . o;n] klg ;ª\uLgfnfO{
P;Pn;Lsf] k/LIff ;lsfPkl5 ;ª\uLgf cem 7"nf] v]nf8L agfPsf] 5 .
sn]h k9\g sf7df8f}F cfpg'eof] t/ pxfF ;ª\uLgfn] ;g\ @))( df t]SjfGbf]nfO{
sn]heGbf klxnf t]SjfGbf] 8f]hfªdf egf{ afO{afO{ ug'{eof] . ;ª\uLgfsf] ;GGof; klg eJo
x'g'eof] . sf7df8f}F cfpgf;fy df;{n cf6{;\df ePsf] lyof] . sf]l/og PDa];8/ t]SjfGbf]df
klg t]SjfGbf] s/fFt] p;' w]/} ljwf x'Fbf]/x]5 ;of}F v]nf8LaLr ;ª\uLgfsf] eJo labfO eof] .
ca s] ug]{ eg] cNndNndf ;ª\uLgf gk/]sf] ;ª\uLgfnfO{ ;Ddfg:j¿k 6f]of]6f ofl/; sf/
xf]Og . ;f] ;do pxfFnfO{ dfu{bz{g lbg] klg pkxf/sf ¿kdf lbOof] . To;kl5 ;ª\uLgf /fli6«o
sf]xL lyPg t/ Ps lbg t]SjfGbf]sf] a]N6sf] v]ns'b kl/ifb\sf] k|lzIfs aGg'eof] . o;afx]s
bLIffGt ;df/f]x sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g] cj;/ :s'n:s'ndf t]SjfGbf]sf] k|lzIf0f klg lbg'eof] .
;ª\uLgfnfO{ ldNof] . ToxfF t]SjfGbf]af/] w]/} clxn] t pxfF Joj:yfks klg x'g'x'G5 . á

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 67

 x:tn]vg

sIff M !)
kf7zfnf g]kfn kmfpG8];g

68 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

afnsljtf

xfdL ;a} ldq

:jR5 / c;n
sfdx¿ af6
pGglt xfd|f] x'G5 .

xfdL ;a} ldq

plrt rl/q
k|z+;gLo rl/q
xfd|f] pGglt x'G5 .

xfdL ;a} ldq eQm/fh /l~ht ‘ufpFn]’

yf]/} dflg; c;n
yf]/}n] w]/} k|efj
To;}n] x'g' c;n .

xfdL ;a} ldq yf]/} dflg;

cWoogdf Wofg
x'G5f}F /fd|f] sfdbf/ w]/} k|efj
aG5f}F ;w}F hfFu/ .

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 69

 gfossf] ?lr s]df lyof] ;flxTo, lj1fg
k|ljlw, snf, ;ª\uLt < gfosn] cfˆgf] hLjgdf
u/]sf rfdTsfl/s kl/jt{g s] s] x'g\ < ljjfx,
5f]/f5f]/L, b'3{6gf, o'4 jf c¿ s'g} 36gfdf k/]/
emG8} d/]sf], gfosn] u/]sf] k|ult, gfossf]
c;kmntf, gfossf] hLjgdf 36]sf] s'g} To:tf]
36gf h'g 36gfn] ubf{ p;sf] hLjgsf] Pp6f
cWofo ;dfKt eP/ csf]{ cWofosf] ;'?
ePsf] cj:yf To:tf s'/fnfO{ hLjgLdf pNn]v
s;/L n]Vg] ug{'k5{ .
gfosn] b'lgofFnfO{ abNg s] u¥of] < p;n]
hLjgL < ;+;f/nfO{ s;/L xNnfof] < b'lgofFdf c¿
s;}n] gu/]sf] sfd ug{ pm s;/L ;kmn eof]
< p;n] cfˆgf] sfddf s;/L ;kmntf k|fKt
u¥of] < gfossf] hLjgdf s:tf–s:tf df]8x¿
cfP < p;sf] d[To' s] sf/0fn] eof] < o:tf
36gfqmdnfO{ hLjgLdf lj:t[t 9ª\un] pNn]v
ug{'k5{ .
hLjgL ;To / tYodf cfwfl/t eP/ n]lvg'
k5{ . hLjgLnfO{ /f]rs, snfTds / gf6sLo
agfpg] gfddf ;TotYo aflx/ uP/ cgfjZos
sfNklgs s'/f, xfF;f] 7§fh:tf s'/f ;dfj]z
ul/g' x'Gg . ;Gbe{ aflx/sf s'/fx¿ ckmjfx
ljho/fh cfrfo{ k}mnfpg] u/L clt/l~ht ¿kdf a9fP/ jf 36fP/
hLjgLdf n]lvg' x'Gg .
hLjgLdf k|of]u ul/g] efiff ;/n / a'lemg]
vfnsf] x'g'k5{ . gfossf] of]ubfgcg';f/sf]
/f]rs / pko'Qm zLif{s /fVg'k5{ . 36gfqmdnfO{
l;nl;n]jf/ tl/sfn] k|:t't ug{'k5{ .
hLjgL n]Vbf w]/} cWoog cg';Gwfg
s'g} klg JolQmsf] hLjgsf] ;Dk"0f{ syf g} ug{'k5{ . ;DalGwt JolQmsf af/]df n]lvPsf
hLjgL xf] . hLjgL dflg;sf] jf:tljs syf xf] . ;fdu|L, b}lgsL, gfos;Fu ;DalGwt n]v /rgf
hLjgL s'g} sfNklgs kfqsf] syf xf]Og .
;dfh, b]z / ;+;f/} abNg] u/L cfcfˆgf]
If]qdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] dxfk'?ifx¿sf] hLjgL hLjgL ;To / tYodf cfwfl/t
n]lvG5 . vf;df hLjgL ljlzi6 / P]ltxfl;s eP/ n]lvg' k5{ . hLjgLnfO{
JolQm h;n] s'g} g s'g} If]qdf pNn]vgLo
of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] x'G5, To:tf JolQmsf] n]lvG5 . /f]rs, snfTds / gf6sLo
;fdfGo JolQmsf] klg hLjgL n]lvG5 . hLjgLdf agfpg] gfddf ;TotYo aflx/
gfossf hLjgsf dxìjk"0f{ ldltx¿, :yfg, uP/ cgfjZos ;'ssfNklgs
[t g]kfn s'/f,
hGd]x's]{sf] 7fpF, d/]sf] 7fpF, gfossf] hLjgdf xfF;f] 76\6fh:tf s'/f ;dfj]z
36]sf dxìjk"0f{ 36gf, gfossf dxìjk"0f{
pknlAwx¿ / gfosn] k|fKt u/]sf ;kmntfnfO{ ul/g' x'Gg .
pNn]v ug{'k5{ .

70 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 vf;df hLjgL syfTds z}nLdf n]lvg'k5{ .
syfTds z}nLaf6 n]lvPsf] hLjgL /f]rs
/ kf7ssf] dg tflg/xg ;kmn x'G5 .
hLjgLdf gfossf] ljlzi6 /
;fdfGo b'j} ljz]iftfnfO{ k|:t't
ug{'k5{ . cgfjZos b]jTjs/0f
/ rflxg]eGbf a9L xf]RofP/
gfossf] rl/qxTof x'g] u/L
k|:t't ug{'x'Gg . snf, cfnf]rgf
/ ljj]rgf eP hLjgL /f]rs
aG5 .
hLjgLdf gfossf] hGd,
d[To', p;sf] b}lgsLeGbf klg
p;n] ef]u]sf sl7g kl/l:ylt /
;d:of, gfosn] b]vfPsf] ;fx; /
k|fKt u/]sf] ;kmntfsf] syf dxìjk"0f{
x'G5 . gfos s] sf/0fn] ljz]if jf /f]rs
aGof] < p;n] b'lgofFnfO{ s:tf] k|efj kfg{
;kmn eof] < Tof] pNn]v ug{'k5{ . kf7snfO{
ltlyldltsf] j0f{gn] eGbf klg ;kmntfsf] syfn]
a9L k|efj kf5{ .
hLjgL n]Vg l;Sbf gfosn] cfˆgf] hLjgsfndf s] s] dxìjk"0f{
sfd u¥of], lsg u¥of] / s;/L u¥of] eGg]
cfˆgf xh'/af, s'/fnfO{ PS;g jf gf6sLo 9ª\uaf6 k|:t't ug{
xh'/cfdf, ;dfhsf ;s] hLjgL /f]rs / k9f}F k9f}F nfUg] vfnsf]
k|ltli7t JolQm, dg x'G5 .
k/]sf lzIfs jf cGo hLjgL n]Vg l;Sbf cfˆgf xh'/af,
xh'/cfdf, ;dfhsf k|ltli7t JolQm, dg k/]sf
s'g} cfk"m;Fu ;DalGwt lzIfs jf cGo s'g} cfk"m;Fu ;DalGwt JolQmsf
JolQmsf af/]df n]Vg af/]df n]Vg ;lsG5 .
;lsG5. hLjgL ;dfh, /fi6« / ljZjnfO{ ;+;f/df
lrgfpg] p2]Zon] n]lvG5 . xfd|f] b]zsf k'iknfn,
ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnf, nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f,
ePsf hg{n, kqklqsf, a'n]l6g / :d[ltu|Gysf] kfl/hft, u]x]G›zdz]/ ha/f hLjgL n]Vg of]Uo
cWoog ug{'k5{ . gfosnfO{ /fd|f];Fu lrGg] k|ltli7t JolQm x'g\ .
/ pm;Fu ;DalGwt JolQm;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lng hLjgL tLg efudf n]lvG5 . klxnf] efu
;lsG5 . gfossf af/]df c¿n] n]v]sf hLjgL hGd, hGd:yfg, o'jf cj:yf, ljjfx cflb .
;+:d/0fsf] cWoog ug]{ / j]a;fO6nufotsf bf];|f]df p;n] u/]sf] sfd / pknlAw tyf t];|f]df
dfWodx¿ klg cWoog ug]{ ug'{k5{ . hLljt p;n] kfPsf] dfg;Ddfg . hLjgL n]Vbf a'Fbf
JolQmsf af/]df hLjgL n]Vg] xf] eg] pm;Fu tof/ kf/]/ n]Vg'k5{
;DalGwt ;fdu|Lsf] cWoog ug]{ / cfk"mn] != afNosfn @= kfl/jfl/s hLjg #= lzIff
cWoog u/]sf ;fdu|L ;To eP gePsf] $= lszf]/ cj:yf %= gfosn] u/]sf] dxìjk"0f{
hfFRgsf nflu ;DalGwt JolQm;Fu cGtjf{tf{ of]ubfg / sfo{ ^= j}jflxs cj:yf &= k|fKt
lng] ug'{k5{ . u/]sf ;Ddfg k'/:sf/ ;ft lgisif{ . á

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 71

 hLjg Ps kf7zfnf xf]
hxfF lg/Gt/ l;sfO
rln/xG5 . cg'zf;g
/ dof{bfdf /xL l;Sb},
cEof; ub}{ hfFbf hLjg
;kmn x'G5 .

lg/Gt/sf] l;sfO g} hLjg

klg hLjgsf] nIo xf] t/ oyfy{df hLjg Ps
kf7zfnf xf] . of] lg/Gt/sf] cEof;, l;sfO /
k/LIff klg xf] . ;'vL / v';L x'g tyf s'g} klg
lhDd]jf/L /fd|f] 9ª\udf k"/f ug{sf nflu xfdLn]
lg/Gt/ l;Sg' k5{ .
ljgf]b g]kfn xfdL ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L g} 5, ;+;f/df hlt
klg ;kmn JolQm 5g\ ltgn] cfkm"nfO{ slxNo}
dflg; Ps ;fdflhs k|f0fL xf] . pm ;dfhdf klg hfg]sf] 7fg]gg\, ;wF} l;sf? g} 7fg] . k|l;4
/xG5 . ;dfhaf6 cnu eP/ /xg g;Sg] j}1flgs, cGj]ifs, cg';Gwftf, k|fWofks,
ePs}n] pm lhDd]jf/ x'G5 x'g'k5{ . ;fdflhs n]vsx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ ;w}F ;DalGwt ljifosf]
cg'zf;g kfngf ug'{k5{, dof{bfdf /xg'k5{ / ljBfyL{sf ¿kdf lrgfPsf] kfOg' o;sf] k|df0f
lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug'{k5{ . xf] . jf:tjdf l;Sg' / k|of]udf Nofpg' Ps}
pd]/cg';f/ lhDd]jf/Lx¿ a9\b} / ylkFb} l;Ssfsf b'O{ kf6f x'g\ . s'g} sfddf bIftf
hfG5g\ . afNosfndf pd]/;Fu} lhDd]jf/L xfl;n ug{sf nflu l;sf? ag]/ To; sfdsf
a9\b} hfG5 . lszf]/fj:yf, o'jfj:yf x'Fb} af/]df ;Dk"0f{ s'/f yfxf kfpg' k5{ h'g cToGt}
jo:s pd]/df k'Ubf kfl/jfl/s tyf ;fdflhs sl7g x'G5 . o;y{ xtf; x'g] xf]Og ls l;sfO
lhDd]jf/Lsf] af]em olt a9\b5 ls ;Dk"0f{ pmhf{ hf/L g} /fVg'k5{ .
s]an lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{d} vr{ x'g yfN5 . :jfefljs xf], l;Sg] qmddf uNtLx¿ x'g
xfd|f] xsdf ;fdflhs–kfl/jfl/s ;+/rgf, ;S5g\ t/ log} uNtL xfd|f lzIfs x'G5g\ /
k/Dk/f / kl/j]zn] ubf{ klg sltko lhDd]jf/L ltgn] xfdLnfO{ cg'ej k|bfg u5{g\ . ltgn] g}
rfx]/, grfx]/ cfOnfU5g\ . h;n] tgfj, s'g} sfd cem /fd|f] 9ª\udf s;/L k"/f ug{
cfqmf]z, c;Gt'li6h:tf ;d:of b]vfk5{g\ . ;lsG5 eg]/ l;sfpF5g\ . s'g} klg s'/f l;Sg
o;sf sf/0f xf] xfdL ;a} g} cfzª\sf / 8/ . lxlRsrfpg' x'Fb}g . rfx] cfkm"eGbf 7"nfaf6 xf];\
xfdL o:tf 8/sf aLr cfˆgf sfd u5f}+{, cfˆgf] jf ;fgfaf6 g}, l;sfOaf6 kl5 x6\g' x'Fb}g .
lhDd]jf/L k"/f ul//x]sf x'G5f}F+ ls olb o;df elgG5 hLjg /ª\ud~r xf], xfdL clego
s'g} sdhf]/L /Xof] eg] c¿n] s] eGnfg\ eGg] ul//x]sf x'G5fF}F . of] klg unt xf]Og t/ jf:tjdf
;f]lr/x]sf x'G5f}F+ lsgls kl/jf/ / ;dfhn] hLjg Ps kf7zfnf xf] hxfF lg/Gt/ l;sfO
xfdLaf6 xfd|f x/]s lhDd]jf/L ;kmntfk"j{s rln/xG5 . cg'zf;g / dof{bfdf /xL l;Sb},
lgjf{x ug{] ck]Iff /flvPsf] x'G5 . cEof; ub}{ hfFbf hLjg ;kmn x'G5 . o;f]
csf]{ s'/f, xfdLdWo] w]/}nfO{ nfU5 hLjgsf] ubf{ kfl/jfl/s tyf ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj /
Ps dfq nIo v';L / ;kmntf xf] . o;}u/L lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ klg ;xh x'G5 . o; s'/fnfO{
k|fKt lhDd]jf/L /fd|f] 9ª\udf k"/f ug]{ sf]l;; ug'{ slxNo} la;{g' x'Fb}g x} gfgLafa''x¿ . á

72 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 afnsljtf
ePsf 5\g v';L ;a},
dxfg\ rf8 …ltxf/Ú sf] cfudgdf . cfof] ltxf/
5fPsf 5\g dw'/ d':sfg,
;a} g]kfnLsf] d'xf/df .

lnk]sf 5\g ufO{sf] uf]a/n],

;a}sf] 3/ cfFugdf .
kfs]sf 5\g ;]n /f]6L,
;a}sf] efG5f sf]7fdf .

km'n]sf 5\g 9sdSs km"nx¿, cRo'tdfg l;+x k|wfg …pT;'sÚ

;a}sf] udnf / au}Frfdf .
ePsf 5\g rxnkxn ltxf/sf],
ufpF xf];\ of ;x/df .

ePsf 5\g Jo:t ;a}, 3/cfFug

;kmfO ug{ / ;hfpgdf . To;} lbg ;fFem kv u5f}{+ k"hf,
u/]sf 5\g bLkfjnL, wgwfGo nIdLnfO{ :jfut u/L .
;fFem kv lbof] afnL 3/3/df . rf}yf] lbg u5f}{+ k"hf,
ufO{sf] uf]a/nfO{ …uf]j4{g k"hfÚ egL .
afn]sf 5\g lemlnldnL aQL,
hxfF txLF k;n, ;lkª dn cflbdf . To;} lbg u5f}{+ k"hf, g]jf/ ;d'bfon]
;lhPsf 5\g ;x/ ahf/ ;a}, cfˆgf] z/L/nfO{ …DxMk'hfÚegL .
b'nxL ;l/em}+ u/L . clg dgfpF5g\ g]jf/ ;d'bfon],
gofF jif{ …g]kfn ;+jt\Ú egL .
el/Psf 5\g\ ahf/ ;a},
ltxf/sf] ;fdu|Ln] . kfrf}F lbg k"hf u5f}{+,
/dfOnf] u/L b]p;L e}nf] v]N5\g\ cfˆgf bfh'efOnfO{ …efO6LsfÚ egL .
;fFem kv ;a}, 3/3/ uO{ ltxf/ e/L . lblG5g\ z'e cflzif lbbL alxgLn],
cfˆgf bfh'efOnfO{ .
klxnf] lbg u5f}{+ k"hf,
sfunfO{ …sfu ltxf/Ú egL . clg u5{g\ k|fy{gf / sfdgf,
To;} lbg u5f}{+ k"hf, cfo'j]{bsf k|jt{s cfˆgf bfh'efOsf] ;':jf:y / bL3f{o' .
wGjGtl/sf], ÚwGjGt/L hoGtLÚ egL . o:t} u/L dgfpF5f} …ltxf/Ú kfFr lbg;Dd,
xfdL ;a} g]kfnL /dfOnf] u/L .
bf];|f] lbg u5f}{+ k"hf,
s's'/nfO{ …s's'/ ltxf/Ú egL . To;}n] t k|Voft 5,
t];|f] lbg u5f}{+ k"hf, g]kfnLx¿sf] bf];|f] dxfg\ rf8
ufO{ -uf}_ dftfnfO{ …ufO{ ltxf/Ú egL . ltxf/ …odk~rsÚ gfdn] .

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 73

 z'e hGdf]T;j

o';g kf}8]n cf]h:jL cof{n dfnf hf]zL

@)^*÷)^÷!! @)&)÷)&÷!# @)^^÷)(÷!!
lj1fg dflj, skg, sf7df8f}F 1fg lgs]tg dflj, sf7df8f}F h'un dflj, wfkfv]n, nlntk'/

ldGUdf g'a'{ z]kf{ clngf tfdfª /lje'ifg ;fx

@)&!÷)&÷)( @)&!÷)&÷!( @)&@÷)&÷!#
;/:jtL dflj, 6f]vf ;/:jtL dflj, 6f]vf ;/:jtL dflj, 6f]vf

lzj sf]O/fnf k|;Gg /f]Ssf

@)^(÷)&÷@% @)&)÷)^÷!*
;/:jtL dflj, 6f]vf :o'rf6f/, sf7df8f}F

74 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 afnfkg

…ltaxfb'/ sfsL{sf]Ú

hf8f] dlxgf lyof] . afg]Zj/sf]

Pp6f xf]6ndf ef8f dfem\g yfnF] .
ef8f dfem\g klg ;lsg . la/fdL
k/]F . cg]s axfgf agfP/ ;fx';Fu
tL; ?lkofF dfu]/ d …vu]Gb|
gjhLjg s]Gb|Ú hf]/kf6L k'u]5F' .

efOalxgLx? . xfdLn] /fd|f] sfd u/]/ ;a}sf] dg lhTg ;Sof}F eg] xfd|f] /fd|f] sfdsf] klg
rrf{ x'g] u5{ . To;/L g} ;jf]{Ts[i6 sfd u/]/ ;a}sf] dgdf a:g ;kmn x'g'ePsf] 5 ;dfh;]jL
ltnafxfb'/ sfsL{ . pxfsf] hGdFb} zf/Ll/s ?kdf ckfª\utf lyof] . ckfª\utf ePs} sf/0f
afFRgsf nflu pxfFn] ug{'ePsf] ;ª\3if{sf] syf xfdLnfO{ ;'Gbf klg cfFvf /;fpF5 . cfkm"n] cg]sf}F
b'Mv clg si6 em]n]/ eP klg pxfFn] clxn] cgfy / ckfª\utf ePsf ;of}F afnaflnsfsf] ;'Gb/
eljiosf nflu sfd ul//xg'ePsf] 5 . sf7df8f}Fsf] uf]s0f{df pxfFn] …;+o'Qm ckfª\u Pstf
cfjfh s]Gb|Ú :yfkgf u/L xfn $* hgf afnaflnsfsf] ;+/Ifs x'g'x'G5 . hGd3/ kfFry/af6
emfkf x'Fb} sf7df8f}F cfP/ clxn];Dd pxfFn] ug{'ePsf] dfld{s hLjgofqf xfdL ;a}sf nlfu
cToGt} k|]/0ffbfoL / dd{:kzL{ 5 . pxfFsf] hLjgofqf xfd|} nflu 7"nf] k|]/0ffsf] ;|f]t aGg ;S5 .
hLjgdf slxNo} klg ;'v kbf{ dflQg] / b'Mv kbf{ cflQg] afgL ug{'x'Fb}g eGg] c;n lzIff xfdL
pxfFsf] hLjgaf6 kfpg ;S5f}+ . s:tf] lyof] xf]nf t pxFfsf] afNosfn < clxn] oxfF;Dd cfOk'Ubf
pxfFn] ;Demgf ug{'ePsf] afNosfn pxFs} zAbdfM

lj=;+= @)@( c;f/ !) ut] z'qmaf/sf lbg

a'af vu]Gb|s'df/ sfsL{ tyf cfdf xs{dfofsf
bf];|f] ;Gtfgsf ¿kdf kfFry/ lhNnfdf d]/f] hGd
ePsf] xf] . ;kfª\u bfh'sf] efO d eg], cfdfsf]
sf]vaf6} ckfª\u hGd]F . xftv'§fdf 5–5j6f
cf}Fnf ePsf] o:tf] aRrf hGdfpg] cnlR5gL
af]S;L cfOdfO{nfO{ ufpFdf /fVg' x'Fb}g . o:tfsf]
;ª\ut eof] eg] xfd|f 5f]/f5f]/L klg To:t}
hlGdG5g\ / Pslbg of] ufpF g} dfl;G5 eg]kl5
xfdL cfdf5f]/fsf] af; ufO{uf]7df eof] .
laGb' clwsfƒL 9sfn xfd|f] kfl/jfl/s k[i7e"ld d]/f] a'af uflj;
;lrj x'g'x'GYof] . xh'/af cWoIf . hGd]sf]
c7f/ dlxgf;Dd cfdfn] l;/sdf kf]sf] kf/]/
ufpFsf s;}nfO{ b]vfpg' ePg 5 t/ ;w}F s;/L

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 75

 5/5f/ kflb{g] :s'nsf ;kfª\u aRrf lyP .
bf];|f] lbg :s'naf6 3/ kmls{g'sf] ;f6f] af6f]
nfu]F . hª\unsf] af6f] lxF8]/ c9fO dlxgfdf
emfkf k'u]F . ToxfF 7"nf] uf8L b]v]/ r9F] . uf8Ln]
stf n}hfG5 yfxf lyPg . kl5, ha uf8L
/f]lsof] . 8«fOe/ 5}g . ofq' klg stf stf nfu] /
vnf;L ;nf;L sf]xL gb]v]kl5 clGtd uGtJo
oxL /x]5 eg]/ uf8Lsf] dfly x'6af6 km'Q tn
em/]F . Tof] 7fpF /Tgkfs{ /x]5 .
hf8f] dlxgf lyof] . afg]Zj/sf] Pp6f xf]6ndf
efF8f dfem\g yfn]F . efF8f dfem\g klg ;lsg .
la/fdL k/] . cg]s axfgf agfP/ ;fx';Fu tL;
?lkofF dfu]/ d …vu]Gb| gjhLjg s]Gb|Ú hf]/kf6L
k'u]5' . dnfO{ klg k9\g n]Vg dg 5, ;xof]u
ug'{ g eg]sf] t ToxfFsf] u]6 kfn]n] …tF h'g
af6f] cfsf] ToxL af6f] hfÚ eg]/ 9nsf] kfgL
5\ofk]/ xKsfPkl5 ToxL lbgb]lv uf]8f b]vfP/
sf7df8f}Fsf ;8s–;8sdf dfUb} dfUg yfn]F .
lxF8g] qmddf kz'klt cfo{3f6 rflxF sf7df8f}Fsf ;8s–;8sdf dfUb} lxF8g]
d]/f] vf; af;:yfg eof] . ToxfF qmddf kz'klt cfo{3f6 rflxF d]/f] vf; af;:yfg
eof] . ToxfF dfu]/ hDdf u/]sf] k};f c¿n] n'6]/
dfu]/ hDdf u/]sf] k};f c?n] nfGy] . hf]ufP/ /fVg ;fgf] vf8n vg]sf] lyPF .
n'6]/ nfGy] . hf]ufP/ /fVg ;fgf] dnfO{ klg k9\g n]Vg dg lyof] . cfdL{ k'ln;
vf8n vg]sf] lyP . dnfO{ klg aGg dg lyof] . ljb]z hfg dg lyof] t/ d]/f]
hLjg af;L h]/L / af;L ;df];fs} e/ afd] ;b}{
k9\g n]Vg dg lyof] . dfUg glxF8]sf] lbg x'Gy]g . 3/ 5f8]sf] c¶fO;
jif{;Dd kl/jf/;Fu ;Dks{ gx'Fbf 3/df wfuf]n]
n'Sg', n'sfpg' < ufpFn]n] a'af–xh'/afnfO{ afFw]/ lr7L k'u]kl5 d]/f] sfhlsl/of g} ;Sg'
prflNbFbf /x]5g\, cWoIfsf] gflt o:tf] hlGdof] . efsf] /x]5 .
p:tf] hlGdof] . cGwljZjf; klg slt eg] d]/L lj=;+= @)^# ;fndf d}n] vf8ndf hDdf
cfdf kFw]/fdf kfgL eg{ hfFbf ToxfF hDdf ePsf u/]sf] k};f uf}zfnf k|x/Lsf] ;xfotfdf lgsfn] .
dlxnfx¿n] …pm Tof] cnlR5g cfO{, o;sf] leqsf k};f lems]/ uGbf kfFr nfv PsfpGg
cg'xf/ x]¥of] eg] cult kl/G5Ú eg]/ af]n]sf xhf/ kRrL; ?lkofF hDdf efsf] /x]5 .
zAb ;'lg;s]kl5 ;fx|} gld7f] nfu]/ d]/f] dg sfuhsf gf]6 k|foM ;l8;s]sf lyP . slt /fd|f
x'F8lnof] . /ftlbg cfdf ?g' x'GYof] . rf}aL; klg lyP d}n] Tof] k};f cfkm" h:t} cgfy /
306f cfdfsf cfF;' g;'s]kl5 sd;]sd d d/] ckfª\utf ePsfx¿sf nflu lbg] ;f]r agfPF .
eg] d]/f] cfdfnfO{ t /fd|f] x'G5 . d5'{, eg]/ 3/ zflGt ;]jf u[x uf}zfnfsf] cgfyfnodf uPF .
5f8]/ lxF8]sf] ljif vfFbf klg l/ª\u6f rn]/ afGtf ToxfF ljleGg pd]/sf dlxnf–k'?if, afns–j[4f
dfq} eof] . d dg{ ;lsg . y'k|} c;xfonfO{ ;xof]u u/F] . To;kl5 d}n]
Toltv]/ ufpFdf sfkL k]lG;n lyPg . v/Ln] lj=;+= )^$ df ;+:yf btf{ u/L t]x| hgf cgfy
kf6L{df n]Vg' kYof]{ . 3/af6 :s'n k'Ug c¿nfO{ afnaflnsfsf] lzIffbLIffaf6 ;fdflhs ;]jfsf]
kfFr ldg]6 nfUg] af6f] dnfO{ eg] Ps 306f sfd ;'? u/+] . lgM:jfy{ ;]jfsf] efjn] sfd
nfUYof] . hLjgdf hDdf b'O{ lbg :s'n uPsf] ub}{ hfFbf dnfO{ w]/} ;ª\3, ;+:yfx¿n] d]/f]
;Demgf v/L–kf6L{ ;Fu} emf]nfdf ds} e6df;sf] sfdsf] k|z+;f ub}{ ljleGg If]qaf6 ;Ddflgt
vfhf cfdfn] tof/ kflb{g'efsf] Tof] klxnf] lbg ug{'ePsf] 5 . hLjgdf s] kfPFeGbf klg
a]n'sf 3/ kmls{+bf d]/f] n'uf, emf]nf Roftr't s}n] c¿sf nflu s] lbPF . s] u/]F eGg] 7"nf]
kf/]/ vfhf vfOlbP . n]Vg] kf6L{ km'6fOj/L v/L s'/f xf] . á
76 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{
k9fO sIff ! / @ df cWoog/t ;fgf gfgL
clxn] cfP/ sv/f n]Vg / k9\g l;Sb} eg]sf]
;'Gbf ;a}nfO{ crDd nfUnf . sf]/f]gfsf sf/0f
b'O{ jif{ nuftf/ ljBfnodf k9fO gePkl5
afnaflnsfn]] k9\g lal;{Psf x'g\ .
ljBfno aGb x'g' / 3/df cleefjsx¿n]
;fgf tyf 7"nf gfgLx¿sf] 3/d} a;]/ k9fO
x'g] jftfj/0fdf Wofg lbg g;Sbf of] cj:yf
cfPsf] xf] . b'u{dsf ljBfnodf olt;Ddsf]
/fhg /fjt÷x'Dnf cj:yf cfPsf] 5 ls klxn] afn ljsf;df
cWoog ubf{ /fd|f];Fu k9\g / v]Ng hfGg] ;fgf
n]Vg dfq xf]Og k9\g ;Sg] gfgL clxn] To;f] ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . k"/} cIf/ n]Vg
/ k9\g la;]{sf 5g\ . xftdf ;dft]sf] sndn]
cj:yf;d]t ljBfyL{sf] 5}g. oL cIf/ n]Vg ;Sb}g . ljBfyL{x¿sf] of] cj:yf
ljBfyL{ sf]/f]gfsf sf/0f k7gkf7g b]v]kl5 lzIfs klg cndndf kg{ yfNg' ePsf]
x'g g;Sbf k9fO n]vfO lal;{Psf 5.
k|ltlglw kfq ljBfyL{ x'g\. sIff ! / afndlGb/ dfljdf sIff @ df cWoog/t
@ sf ;a}sf] cj:yf p:t} 5. 5fq ljlkg /fjtn] k9\g / n]Vg lal;{Psf]
atfP . ;a} cIf/ lal;{Psf sf/0f clxn] k'gM

sv/f l;Sb} afnaflnsf

l;ls/x]sf] pgn] atfP . pgnfO{ sfkLdf cIf/
n]Vgsf nflu lgSs} cfu|x ubf{ klg ;s]gg\ .
pN6} ;a} ;fyLx¿sf] cufl8 c;lhnf] dfg]
pgn] . n]Vg dfq xf]Og k9\g ;Sg] cj:yf;d]t
pgsf] 5}g . To;f] t sIff @ d} cWoog/t 5fqf
Pln;f sfdLsf] cj:yf klg p:t} 5 . pgn]
cfˆgf] gfd n]Vg klg ;lsgg\ . oL ljBfyL{
sf]/f]gfsf sf/0f k7gkf7g x'g g;Sbf k9fO
n]vfO lal;{Psf k|ltlglw kfq ljBfyL{ x'g\ .
sIf ! / @ sf ;a}sf] cj:yf p:t} 5 .
x'Dnfsf] ;b/d'sfd;d]t /x]sf] l;dsf]6
ufpFkflnsfsf] afndlGb/ dfljdf sIff @ sL
sIff lzIfs sNkgf /fjtn] w]/} ljBfyL{sf]
k9fO tyf n]vfO :t/ tNnf] :t/df k'u]sf]
atfpg'eof] . b'O{ jif{ cufl8 afnljsf;df
cfkm}Fn] k9fpFbf /fd|f];Fu cIf/ n]Vg / k9\g
hfGg] ;fgf gfgL clxn] cfP/ cIf/ lrXg /
n]Vg ;Sg] cj:yfdf g/x]kl5 lrGtf ylkPsf]
pxfFn] atfpg'eof] . of] cj:yf dflyNnf] sIffsf
eGbf tNnf] / ;fgf sIffsf gfgLx¿df a9L
/x]sf] pxfFsf] cg'ej 5 . pxfFn] ljBfyL{x¿sf]
@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 77
 ;fgfn] k9\g / n]Vg
la;]{sf]df lrGtf
Psflt/
eO/x]sf a]nf
7"nfsf] k9fO :t/
v:s]sf] pxfFsf]
a'emfO 5 . pxfFn]
;fgfn] se/ ug{
;Sg] cj:yf /x] klg
dflyNnf] sIffsf
ljBfyL{x?sf af/]df
eg] lrGGtf JoQm
ug'{eof] .

of] cj:yf cfpg'df sf]/f]gf dfq geP/ 3/df l;dsf]6s} sIff ^ ;Dd k9fO x'g]
cleefjsn] Wofg lbg g;Sbf o:tf] ePsf] afnljsf; k|fljsL lzlIfs l5l/ª k'g/ nfdfn]
atfpg'eof] . #$ hgf ljBfyL{ /x]sf] sIff @df k9fO nyflnª\u ePsf] ;'gfpg'eof] . klxn]
clwsf+z ljByL{sf] cj:yf p:t} /x]sf] pxfFsf] k9fOdf /fd|f ljBfyL{x¿ clxn] cIf/ lrXg
a'emfO{ 5 . klxn] cfkm"n] s v k9\g / n]Vg / n]Vg g;Sg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] b]Vbf ;kgf
l;sfPsf gfgLnfO{ clxn] b'O{ jif{kl5 ;f]xL h:tf] nfUg yfn]sf] pxfFn] atfpg'eof] . of] x]bf{
cj:yf bf]xf]¥ofpg kl//x]sf] pxfFn] b'v];f] JoQm klxn]s} cj:yfdf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ s;/L Nofpg
ug'{eof] . ;lsPnf eGg] lk/nf] lzIfsdf ylkPsf] pxfFn]
ljBfyL{sf] k9fOdf o:tf] cj:yf cfPkl5 atfpg'eof] . sIffdf Pp6f dfqsf] geO{ ;a}
ut ebf} @& ut]af6 k7gkf7g ;'? ePsf] ;f] ljBfyL{sf] cj:yf p:t} /x]sf] atfpFb} pxfFn]
ljBfnodf Ps dlxgfsf nflu sv/f l;sfpg] o;sf nflu lzIfs, ljBfyL{ / cleefjsn]
sfo{of]hgf /flvPsf] lzIfs dw' a:g]t zfxLn] lgSs} d]xgt ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf] atfpg'eof] .
atfpg'eof] . clxn] ljBfnon] ;fgf sIffsf l;dsf]6sf oL b'O{ ljBfnosf ljBfyL{df
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ o;/L k7gkf7g ;'? ul/;s]sf]n] sf]/f]gf k|efjsf sf/0f k9fO n]vfOdf k/]sf]
rfF8} ljBfyL{ cfˆgf] nodf kms{g] ljZjf; pxfFn] gsf/fTds k|efj gd'gf dfq x'g . of]eGbf
JoQm ug'{eof] . ;fgfn] k9\g / n]Vg la;]{sf]df cem a9L b'/b/fhsf ljBfnodf k/]sf] k|efj
lrGtf Psflt/ eO/x]sf a]nf 7"nfsf] k9fO :t/ a'em\g sl7g 5}g . cGo a]nf klg hgzlQmsf]
v:s]sf] pxfFsf] a'emfO 5 . pxfFn] ;fgfn] se/ cefj / lzIfssf] nfk/afxLn] lgoldt
ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf /x] klg dflyNnf] sIffsf k7gkf7g ;'rf? x'g g;Sg] ljBfno klg
ljBfyL{x¿sf af/]df eg] lrGGtf JoQm ug'{eof] . b'u{ddf /x]sf 5g\ . sf]/f]gfn] kf/]sf] kl5Nnf]
To;sf nflu ljBfnon] cfˆgf] d]xgt t unf{ k|efjnfO{ dTy/ kfg{sf nflu ufpFkflnsf
g}, cleefjs / ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfn] klg Wofg / ljBfnox¿n] ljz]if of]hgf NofP/
lbg' kg]{ ;'emfj pxfFn] lbg'eof] . To;}n] bz}Fsf] k7gkf7g cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{ dfg;/f]j/ ax'd'vL
;dodf klg pQm ljBfnon] b'O{b]lv tLg lbg SofDk;sf k|d'v j;Gt /f]sfofsf] ;'emfj 5 .
dfq labf lbP/ cGo lbg k7gkf7g ;'rf? /fVg] x'Dnfdf !#& j6f ljBfnodf !& xhf/eGbf
tof/L u/]sf] 5 . a9L ljBfyL{n] k7gkf7g ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . á

78 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{

 pkof]uL
;x/L If]qdf w]/}h;f] kSsL
3/x¿ /x]sf x'G5g\. To:tf
3/x¿df sf};L klg x'G5.
sf};Lx¿ 7"nf, demf}nf /
;fgf cg]s k|sf/sf x'G5g\.
h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] sf};Ldf
ljleGg y/Lsf ;fukft /
t/sf/Lsf af]6 pdfg{
;lsG5.
xl/tqmflGt
afa' gfgLx¿ xl/t eg]sf] xl/of] /ª xf] . ljleGg k|sf/sf t/sf/Lsf aLpx¿ 5'6\ofP/
qmflGt eg]sf] cufl8 a9\g] jf hfg] sfd, jt{dfg efux¿df /fVg] .
cj:yfdf kl/jt{g jf x]/km]/ . xfdLx¿ ;w}F @= aLp /f]Kg'kg]{ 7fpFdf rf/}lt/ df6f] xfnL
t/sf/L vfG5f}F . k;n jf ahf/ uP/ t/sf/L To;nfO{ kfgLn] lunf] kf/L aLp /f]Kg] 6';f] pd|]kl5
lsg]/ NofOG5 . t/sf/Lsf ¿kdf k|of]u ul/g] To;sf] rf/}lt/ x'nsf] tj/n] uf]8d]n ug]{ .
j:t', ;fukft cflb xl/of] /ªsf x'G5g\ . #= nx/f] dfl:t/ a9\b} hfg] u/L 7fpF7fpFdf
;x/L If]qdf w]/}h;f] kSsL 3/x¿ /x]sf sf7 jf afF;sf] 6]sf] uf8\g] . 6]sf]x¿nfO{ alnof]
x'G5g\ . To:tf 3/x¿df sf};L klg x'G5 . t'Nofpg gfOgnsf] 8f]/Ln] afFWg] . lrk{6x¿nfO{
sf};Lx¿ 7"nf, demf}nf / ;fgf cg]s k|sf/sf 6]sf];Fu hf]8L dfl:t/ p7fpFb} kfFr ;ft xft
x'G5g\ . h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] sf};Ldf ljleGg y/Lsf k/;Dd drfg agfpg] . nx/fx¿ a9\b} uO{
;fukft / t/sf/Lsf af]6 pdfg{ ;lsG5 . sf};L lrk{6;Fu a]l/O tL km}lnG5g\ . ltg} nx/fx¿df
;fgf] ePsfn] 7fpF k'u]g eg]/ gegL hfFu/ t/sf/Lsf kmnx¿ em'lG8G5g\ . drfgn] ubf{
rnfPdf ToxfF klg t/sf/L /fd|/L kmnfpg yf]/} 7fpFdf w]/} kmn kmN5g\ .
;lsG5 . To;sf nflu tn n]lvPsf] pkfosf] $= yf]/} 7fpFdf w]/} t/sf/L kmNgfn] t/sf/L
k|of]u ug'{k5{ . of] sfd 9ª\u k'¥ofP/ /fd|/L lsGg' kb}{g . 3/ 3/ t/sf/L a]Rb} lxF8\g]
u/]df ;dosf] ;b'kof]u x'g'sf ;fy} xfd|f] hLjg dlxnfx¿ 8f]sf] af]s]/ t/sf/L lsGg xfdLsxfF
;'vdo x'g]5 . cfpg] 5g\ .
sfdljz]ifn] xfdLsxfF cfpg] dflg;x¿nfO{ %= cfˆg} 3/df k|f0fjfo' -clS;hg_ k|fKt
sf};Ldf nu]/ t/sf/L v]tLaf/] hfgsf/L u/fPdf x'g] ePsf]n] 3/sf dflg;x¿ :j:y / x[i6k'i6
pgLx¿ klg ;f] sfddf pT;flxt x'g]5g\ . clg x'G5g\ . cfFksf] cfFk / sf]ofsf] bfd k|fKt x'G5 .
t pgLx¿n] klg c¿x¿;Fu o;af/] rrf{ ^= xl/t qmflGt ;kmn x'G5 . á
ug]{5g\ . o:tf] pkof]uL sfd xfdLx¿ klg u/f}F
eGg] efjgf ;a}df w]/yf]/ pTkGg x'g]5 . kmntM
of] s'/f] km}lng yfN5 . clg t o; sfdaf/]
dflg;x¿sf] 7"nf] hdft aG5 . asDkm';] ukm
xfFs]/ xfdLx¿n] cd"No ;do gi6 u¥of}F eg]/
pgLx¿ kZrftfk u5{g\ . ljutsf] e"naf6
dflg;x¿n] cToGt pkof]uL lzIff k|fKt u5{g\ .
!= km/flsnf] d'v ePsf] efF8f], af6f, df6f]sf]
sfd gnfUg] a'lemPsf] efF8f]df df6f] xfn]/ /fVg] uf]s'nk|;fb zdf{

@)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{ 79

 clGtd kftf]

/ª\uLg hLjgz}nLo'Qm kj{

;ª\qmd0fsf] eon] ;d"xdf a:g, /dfpg tyf 6f9f6f9f
3/ /x]sfx¿ cfcfˆgf] 3/;Dd hfg klg kfPgf}F . cfˆgf
cfkmGtsxfF e]63f6 ug{, 6Lsf nufpg klg klxn]klxn]
h:tf] /fd|/L kfPgf}F t/ o; k6s eg] kl/l:ylt
s]xL km]l/Psf] 5, To:tf] ;ª\s]t ldNb} 5 . cyf{t\
sf]/f]gfsf] eo cem} s]xL /x]sf] eP klg klxnfsf] h:tf]
;ª\qmd0fsf] eofjxsf] l:ylt clxn] 5}g . o; dfg]df
hghLjg lj:tf/} s]xL ;xh klg aGb} uPsf] 5 .
xl/k|;fb e§/fO{ sf]/f]gf ;ª\qmd0fsf] b/ 36\b} hfg'' / sf]/f]gflj?4sf]
vf]k lj:tf/ x''Fb} hfg''n] klg ca To:tf] 8/ 5}g .
z/b l/t''sf] cfudg;Fu} xfdL g]kfnLx¿sf] dxfg\ eL8ef8df ghfg], df:s nufpg glal;{g], k6sk6s
rf8 bz}F, ltxf/, 57h:tf kj{x¿sf] /f}gsn] htftt} ;fa'gkfgLn] xft w''g]h:tf :jf:Yo dfkb08 kfngf
pdª\u 5fPsf] x''G5 . k|s[lt;Fu ;fldKotf /fVg] oL ug]{h:tf ;ts{tfsf] vfFrf] eg]] cem} 5 . o; s''/fnfO{
;f+:s[lts kj{sf a]nf jif{ lbgsf nflu c;f/–;fpg oL kj{sf a]nf tkfO{+x¿n] klg kfngf ug]{tkm{ lsl~rt
dlxgfdf nufOg] wfgafnL / ebf}df leœofOg] ds}afnLsf] x]nr]qm\ofOF gug''{xf]nf, n .
r6f/f]n] klg s[lif k|bfg b]zsf xfdL g]kfnLnfO{ ltxf/, bz}Fkl5sf] xfd|f] d'Vo rf8 xf] . o; kj{sf
EofOgEofO{ g} x'G5 . o; a]nfsf] zf/Ll/s kl/>dkl5 a]nf gofF n''uf nufpg], dL7fdL7f /f]6Lsf kl/sf/,
s]xL ;dosf] km';{lbnf] ;donuQ} cfpg] oL kj{x¿n] ld7fO{nufot kmnkm""n cflb vfg], lkª v]Ng] tyf xNsf
tL s8f >d lal;{g] u/L xfd|f] hLjgz}nLnfO{ g} /ª\uLg tf; v]n]/ /dfpg] efOalxgLx¿sf] ljutsf] cg''ej klg
agfpg] u5{ . bz}Fkl5sf] lemnLldnL /ª\uLg ltxf/ tyf xf]nf t/ of] kj{df olt dfq ul/Fb}g h''g efOalxgLx¿n]
bLkfjnL xfd|f] 3/cfFugdf oltv]/ l9KsL ;s]sf] 5 . ;''g]sf], b]v]sf] x''g'k5{ . ltxf/df dgfOg] bLkfjnL /
efOalxgLx¿, xfd|f] hLjgz}nLnfO{ o;/L /ª\uLg o; cj;/df 3/cfFug, rf]6f, au}Frf–kfs{, ;8ssf
agfpg] b'O{j6f d'Vo sf/0f 5g\ . Pp6f sf/0f xf], uNnLuNnL tyf ;/sf/L sfof{nox¿df lemnLldnL
vfBfGgsf] hf]xf] . hf] tkfO{+x¿dWo] sltko ;3fpg lbof] tyf lah''nL aQL afNg] / xNsf k6fsf k8\sfpg]
;Sg]n] cfˆgf cleefjsnfO{ wfg /f]kfOFnufotsf oL klg ul/G5 . lemnLldnL /ª\uLrª\uL aQL afNg] ul/g]
sfo{df ;3fpg''ePsf] klg xf]nf . wfg /f]kfOF ul/Pkl5 x'Fbf o; kj{nfO{ xfdL k|sfzdo pT;j cyf{t\ pHofnf]
csf]{ d'Vo afnL ebf} dlxgfdf 3/3/df leœofOg] lemlnldnL kj{sf ¿kdf klg lng] ub{5f}F .
ds}sf] hf]xf] ug]{ sfo{df klg ;Sg] hlt tkfO{+x¿n] t/, oxfF x]Ssf /fVg''kg]{ s''/f s] 5 eg] o;/L
;3fpg''ePs} xf]nf . To:t} s;}s;}n] v]taf/Ldf sfd k6fsf k8\sfpg] / aQL afNg] gfddf hyfefjL ubf{
ug]{ afa''cfdfnfO{ ;3fpg vfhf agfOlbP/, s;}n] b''3{6gf lglDtg] vt/f /xG5 . xf]l;of/ geO{ lbof] afNbf
;–;fgf efOalxgLx¿nfO{ 3/df x]l/lbP/ t g;Sg] 3/–rf]6fdf cfuf] ;lNsg] / Vofn} gu/L lah''nL aQL
hlt s;}n] cfkm" 1fgL agL 3/} al;lbP/ klg cfcfˆgf] afNbf s/]G6 nfUg] tyf hyfefjL k6fsf k6\sfpFbf
pd]/ Ifdtfcg'';f/ ;3fPs} x'g'k5{ . h''g o;/L ;3fpg] Hofg} hfg] ;Defjgf /xg] x''Fbf o;tkm{ yk rgfvf] x'g'
afgL ;a}n] ;fg} pd]/b]lv a;fNb} hfg''k5{ x} . h] xf];, h?/L 5 . xfdL cleefjs tyf efOalxgL ;a}n] o;tkm{
o;/L vfBfGgsf] hf]xf]:j¿k nufOg] / leœofOg] oL ljz]if ;fjwfgL ckgfpFb} ;Defljt s''g} b''3{6gflagf oL
afnLgfnLsf] hf]xf]kl5sf] cfgGb g} a]Un} 5 . kj{x¿nfO{ /ª\uLg agfpg]tkm{ nfUg''k5{ .
xfd|f] hLjgz}nLnfO{ /ª\uLg agfpg] csf{]sf/0f xf], o; rf8sf cj;/df sfu ltxf/, s''s'/ ltxf/,
v]tLkftLsf] sfd ;lsPkl5sf] s]xL km'';{lbnf] ;dodf ufO{ ltxf/, nIdLk"hf, efO6Lsf–DxMk'hf u/L ljleGg
cfpg] oL ;f+:s[lts rf8kj{ . sl7g zf/Ll/s >dkl5 ¿kn] dgfpg] u5f}{+ . o;nuQ} xfdL lemnLldnL kj{s}
s]xL km';{lbnf] x'g] o; ;do;Fu} cfpg] oL kj{x¿n] ¿kdf s] kxf8 s] ufpF htftt} gbL, tnfp–kf]v/Lx¿
o;cl3sf] zf/Ll/s >dsf] ysfg dfg]{ / cfˆgf] leqL ;hfP/ cfk;L ;b\efjk""j{s 57L dftfsf] k"hf u/L 57
dgnfO{ k|sfzdo agfpg] u/L pdª\u klg el/lbG5g\ . kj{ dgfpg] u5f}{+ . oL ;a} kj{ xfd|f ;f+:s[lts w/f]x/
ut jif{ sf]/f]gf ;ª\qmd0fsf] sx/n] xfdLnfO{ klg x''g\ h;sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Da4g{ ug{ kmh''n vr{
g/fd|/L kL8f lbof] h;n] ubf{ xfdL ;a}n] pdª\usf gu/]/ cfcfˆgf] uR5]cg'';f/ dgfpg] s''/fnfO{ klg oxfF
;fy oL rf8kj{ /fd|/L dgfpg kfPgf}F, ;s]gf}F . sf]/f]gf lal;{g' x'Fb}g x} . á

80 @)&* sflQs d'gf÷#! jif{