EFFECT OF

TEMPERATURE ON
MAGNETIC STRENGTH

INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
Submitted to
DLF PUBLIC SCHOOL,
Ghaziabad

By OM BISHT
Roll no: 19
XII-E
Session: 2024-2025
Submitted to: Mr Aishwary Meet

1.
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Om Bisht of
class XII-E, of DLF PUBLIC SCHOOL,
Ghaziabad, has successfully
completed the investigatory project
entitled “Study of effect of
temperature on magnetic Strength”
for CBSE practical examination in
the year 2024-2025, Under the
supervision of Mr. Aishwary Meet.

Signature of Signature of
teacher examiner

2.
 DECLARATION
I, Om Bisht, hereby declare that
the investigatory project
entitled, “Study of effect of heat
on magnetic strength” Submitted
to Mr. Aishwary Meet, has been
made by own efforts, is
absolutely genuine and does not
indulge any kind of plagiarism.

Name: Om Bisht
Class- XII-E
Signature

3.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my
gratitude towards my physics
teacher Mr. Aishwary Meet for his
able guidance and support in
completion of the project

I would also like to express my

gratitude to the principal of my
school, Mrs. Seema Jerath for
providing me with all the
facilities required for the project.

Om Bisht
Class- XII-E

4.
CONTENTS

S.no Subtopic Page no.

1. Theory 6
Result and
2. 10
discussion
3. Conclusion 14

4. Suggestion 15

5. Bibliography 16

5.
1. THEORY
INTRODUCTION
A magnetic field is a field possessed by an object with
non-stationary/moving charges, within which the
force of magnetism acts. A magnet is an object which
produces a magnetic field around itself (Fig. 1).

According to Greek legend, magnetism was first

discovered by a shepherd named Magnes, who lived
in Magnesia, Greece. Magnes was herding his sheep
through the mountains, when he noticed the ferrule
of his stick and nails in his sandals got stuck to a rock.
The iron in his stick and nails had become attracted
to the magnetic rock. The stone was named
magnetite.

Existence of magnets has made many tasks much

easier in various field now. For example, it is used in
maglev trains, rollercoasters, metal detectors, dump
yard cranes etc. (Fig. 2).

6.
 Fig 1: Magnets Fig 2: Applications of Magnets

WORKING OF A MAGNET
Every object on Earth is made up of atoms, which
include electrons (negative (-) charges) spinning
around a nucleus (consisting positive (+) charges).
The spinning of electrons creates a magnetic field
around the atoms. Due to this they act as micro-
magnets.

In most substances, equal numbers of electrons spin

in opposite directions, which cancels out their
magnetism. That is why materials such as cloth or
paper are said to be weakly magnetic. In metals such
as iron, cobalt, and nickel, most of the electron spin
in the same direction, and to get magnetized, they
need to enter another pre-existing magnet’s field.

7.
EFFECT OF HEAT

There exists a lot of factors that affect the strength

of magnets. One such factor is temperature.

When the temperature of the magnet increases, the

kinetic energies of the atoms in the magnet increases
too, which makes them vibrate more. The vibration
disrupts the properly aligned magnetic moments (i.e
the spin of electrons). and thus, the magnetic
strength of the magnet decreases

Fig 3: Piere Currie

This effect of temperature was first observed by a
French physicist, Pierre Curie (Fig. 3). After some
experiments and research, Curie proposed a law
which stated “The Magnetic susceptibility is inversely
proportional to the temperature of the magnet.”
(Magnetic susceptibility is the degree of
magnetization of a magnet. So more the magnet is

8.
magnetized, more strength it has (Fig. 4).

where is magnetic susecptibility

is temperature
Fig 4:Currie law

So, as temperature increases, the magnetic strength

decreases, and as temperature decreases the
magnetic strength increases (Fig. 5).

Fig 5: Graph of magnetic susceptibility vs time

9.
 2. RESULT AND
DISCUSSION
OBJECTIVE
To study the effect of temperature on
magnetic strength

MATERIALS REQUIRED
1. 4cm diameter ceramic magnet (100g)
2. Tongs
3. 500+ metal paper clips
4. Digital scale with units in gram
5. Bunsen burner
6. 1 Small pot (non-magnetic)
7. Water
8. Freezer
9. Paper/ceramic plate
10. Mesh plate
11. Thermometer
12. Tripod stand

10.
PROCEDURE
1. Put the paper clips on the plate
2. Take the magnet (at room temperature) and place
the flat side of it in the plate with paper clips
3. Lift the magnet with paper clips attached on it
and carefully transfer it on the digital scale
without removing any paper clip
4. Take the reading of the digital scale
5. Remove the paper clips off the magnet.
6. Repeat above the steps thrice
7. Place the magnet inside a freezer for 30 minutes
8. Again, take the magnet, put it in clips and take the
readings from the digital scale
9. Remove the paper clips off the magnet.
10. Repeat steps 7-9, 2 more times
11. Place a pot on the Bunsen burner over the mesh
plate, add water and boil it.
12. With the help of tongs, place the magnet in the
boiling water for 5 minutes.
13. Carefully take out the magnet with the help of the
tongs. And place it on the paper clips.
14. Take the reading on the digital scale of the
magnet with paper clips and then remove the
paper clips
15. Repat steps 12-14, 2 more times

11.
OBSERVATION
Average
Weight1 - Weight2 - Weight3 -
weight of
Sno. Temperature weight of weight of weight of
paperclips
magnet magnet magnet
attracted

155.57-100= 154.20-100= 155.04-100=

1 0°C (freezer) 54.94g
55.57g 54.2g 55.04

25°C(room 145.13-100= 146.03-100= 146.44-100=

2 45.87g
temperature 45.13g 46.03g 46.44g

100°C (boiling 135.23-100= 135.80-100= 136.30-100=

3 34.77g
water 34.23g 34.80g 35.30g

Table1

100
Temperature (in °C)

80

60

40

20

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Weight of paperclips

Fig6: Graph of Temperature vs weight

of paper clips attracted.

12.
RESULT
In the experiment the weight of paper clips attracted
by the magnet varies with different temperature as
seen in different cases; when the magnet is taken out
from the freezer, it attracts a greater number of
paper clips than how much it attracted in room
temperature, so the magnetic strength increased in
cold temperature.

Fig 6: Magnet laid on Paper clips

However, when the magnet is taken out from the

boiling water, it attracts lesser number of paper clips
than how much it attracted in room temperature, so
the magnetic strength decreases in hot conditions.
Henceforth the strength of the magnet varied
inversely with the temperature.

13.
3. CONCLUSION
AIM AND RESULT
In this investigatory project, our objective was to
study the effect temperature on the strength of
magnet. This was done with the help of an experiment
were the weight of paperclips attracted by a magnet
was measured at different temperatures. By the
experiment we concluded that the strength of
magnetic field (inversely) varies with the temperature
of the magnet; at low temperature the magnet had
the most amount of strength and at

SCOPE OF ERROR
Transferring the magnet from plate of paper clips
to the gram scale had to be done very, the paper
clips from the magnets would easily get knocked
off, changing the value of weight attracted by a
large number.
We had to make sure that the magnet doesn’t hit
any hard surface or fall to the ground, since the
impact can demagnetize it.

14.
4. FUTURE SCOPE
The effect of temperature could be applied in various
fields and objects, where a magnet is surrounded in a
varying environment.

For example, in Maglev trains, which work on

electromagnetic levitation, the electromagnets on
the trains or the tracks can easily heat up due to hot
climate, or air friction (since they have to go at high
speeds), which would decrease the efficiency and
reliability of the trains. So, a system could be
developed which keeps the tracks and the train cool.

Another example includes space satellites; special

magnets can be developed that can withstand the
extreme temperature fluctuations in space. This is
crucial for satellite technology, space probes, and
equipment used on other planets.

In quantum computers, spintronic devices can be

used which work according to the spin of
electromagnets, rather than charge induced by them,
making them more efficient and faster. For that the
effect of temperature on spin of the magnetic
components would have to be studied.

15.
4. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. https://neomagnets.net/how-does-temperature-
affect-magnets/
2. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resourc
e/magnetism/
3. https://e-magnetsuk.com/how-does-temperature-
affect-magnets/
4. https://protonstalk.com/magnetism-and-
matter/curie-law/

16.