Scribd
Upload
20 views16 pages

My Physics Project

Uploaded by

EDWERREJOICE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
20 views16 pages

My Physics Project

Uploaded by

EDWERREJOICE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

St.

Joseph’s School
Affiliated to CBSE No : 1930682
Attinkarai, Manavalakurichy – 629252

PHYSICS PROJECT

Name of the student:A.Heddwyn Jacinto


Class & Sec: XII-B
TRANSFORMERS
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that A.Heddwyn Jacinto of class XII-B


has completed the Physics project entitled
“TRANSFORMERS” himself / herself under my
guidance. The progress of the project has been in my
knowledge consistently.

Teacher Student

Principal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my sincere thanks and deep gratitude to


Mr. Eskalin Gonsalves, Principal, St. Joseph’s School for his
encouragement and for all the facilities provided for this
project work.
It gives, me great pleasure to express my gratitude towards
our Physics teacher Mr.Eswar for his guidance, support and
encouragement throughout the preparation the project.
Without her/his motivation and help the successful
completion of the project would not have been possible. I
offer sincere thanks to my family and friends who helped me
to carry out this project work successfully and for their
valuable support. Which I received from them from time to
time.

Name of the student : A.Heddwyn Jacinto


Class & Section :XII-B
Roll No :32
Index
• Aim
• Introduction
• Types Of Transformers
• Simple Circuit Diagram
• Theory And Mathematical Derivations

• Circuit Diagrams Of Step-up and Step-Down Transformers


• Apparatus Required to make our Own Transformer
• Uses of Transformers
• Bibliography
Aim
To investigate the relation between the ratio of :
1. Input and output voltage.

2. Number of turnings in the secondary coil and primary coil of a


self made transformer
Introduction
The transformer is a device used for converting a low
alternating voltage to a high alternating voltage or vice-versa.

A Transformer based on the Principle of mutual induction


according to this principle, the amount of magnetic flux linked with
a coil changing, an e.m.f is induced in the neighboring coil.

A transformer is an electrical device which is used for changing the


A.C. voltages. A transformer is most widely used device in both low
and high current circuit. As such transformers are built in an
amazing strength of sizes. In electronic, measurement and control
circuits,
transformer size may be so small that it weight only few tens of
agrams where as in high voltage power circuits, it may weight
hundred of tones.
Types of Transformers

STEP UP TRANSFORMER:
A transformer which increases the voltages.

STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER:


A transformer which decreases the A.C. voltages.
Theory and Mathematical
Derivations
When an altering e.m.f. is supplied to the primary coil p1p2, an
alternating current starts falling in it. The altering current in the
primary produces a changing magnetic flux, which induces altering
voltage in the primary as well as in the secondary. In a
goodtransformer, whole of the magnetic flux linked with primary is
also linked with the secondary, and then the induced e.m.f. induced
in each turn of the secondary is equal to that induced in each turn of
the primary. Thus if Ep and Es be the instantaneous values of the
e.m.f.’s induced in the primary and the secondary and Np and Ns
are the no. of turns of the primary secondary coils of the transformer
and

dф / dt = rate of change of flux in each turnoff the coil at this

instant,
we have
Ep = -Np dф/dt _______________ (1) and
Es = -Ns dф/dt _______________ (2)
Since the above relations are true at every instant, so by dividing 2

by
1, we get
Es / Ep = - Ns / Np ______________ (3)

As Ep is the instantaneous value of back e.m.f induced in the


primary coil p1, so the instantaneous current in primary coil
is
due to the difference (E – Ep ) in the instantaneous values of the
applied and back

e.m.f. further if Rp is the resistance o, p1p2 coil,


then the instantaneous current Ip in the primary coil is given
by
Ip = E – Ep / Rp
E – Ep = Ip Rp
Thus back e.m.f = input e.m.f
Hence equation 3 can be written as
Es / Ep = Es / E
= output e.m.f / input e.m.f
= Ns / Np = K
Where K is constant, called turn on transformation ratio.
Simple Circuit Diagram
Circuit Diagrams
FOR STEP-UP TRANSFORMER:

WORKING:
In a step down transformer,There are many turns on the secondary
winding than in primary winding in the step up transformers.Thus
,the voltage supplied in the secondary transformer is greater than
the
one supplied across the primary winding.Because of the principle of
conservation of energy,the transformer converts low voltage,high
current to high voltage-low current.In other words,voltage has been
stepped up.
You can find step-up transformers located near power plants that
are
designed to operate megawatts of power plants,step-up
transformers
can also be used for local and smaller application such as x-ray
machine which requires about 50,000 volts to work.Even a micro-
wave oven requires a small step-up transformer to operate.
FOR STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER:

WORKING:
In a step-down transformer is who secondary windings are fewer

than
the primary windings.In other words,the transformer’s secondary
voltage is less than the primary volatage.So the transformer is
designed to convert high voltage,low-current power into a low
voltage,high-current power and it is mainly used in domestic
consumption.
A common case of step-down application is in the case of door
bells.Normally door bells use 16 volts,but most household power
circuits carry 110-120 volts.Therefore,the doorbell’s step-down
transformer receives the 110 volts and reduces it to lower voltage
before supplying it to the doorbell.
Step-down transformers are mostly used to convert the 220 volts
electricity to the 110 volts required in most domestic equipment.
APPARATUS REQUIRED TO MAKE OUR
OWN TRANSFORMER
• Iron Rod Copper
• Wire Hot Wire
• Ammeter Hot Wire
• Voltmeter

PROCEDURE
•: Take thick iron rod and cover it with a thick paper and
wind a large number of turns of thin Cu wire on thick
paper (say 60). This constitutes primary coil of the
transformer. Cover the primary coil with a sheet of paper
• and wound relatively smaller number of turns (say 20) of
thick copper wire on it. This constitutes the secondary
coil. It is a step down transformer. Connect p1, p2 to A.C
main and measure the input voltage and current using
• A.C voltmeter and ammeter respectively. Similarly,
measure the output voltage and current through s1and s2.
• Now connect s1and s2to A.C main and again measure
voltage and current through primary and secondary coil
• of step up transformer. Repeat all steps for other self
made transformers by changing number of turns in
primary and secondary coil.
Uses of Transformers
• In a voltage regulator for T.V.,refrigerator,computer,air
conditioner,etc.
• A step down transformer is used for welding purposes.
• A step down transformer is used for obtaining large content

• A step up transformer is used for the production


of X-Rays and NEON advertisement.
• Transformers are used in voltage regulators and stabilized
power supplies.
• Transformers are used in the transmission of a.c. over long
distances:

• Small transformers are used in radio


sets,telephones,loud , speakers and electiric bells etc.
Bibiliography

• www.google.com
• www.wikipedia.org
• Physics NCERT
• Pradeep’s Physics

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy