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Transformer XII Physics Investigatory Project Reshav

The document is a project report by Reshav Yadav from St. Columbus School, detailing an investigation into the relationship between input and output voltage and the number of turns in the coils of a transformer. It includes acknowledgments, project objectives, theoretical background, and practical applications of transformers, along with a description of the construction process for a self-made transformer. The project serves as a practical fulfillment for the All India Senior School Certificate Exam (AISSCE) for the 2024-2025 session.

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13 views17 pages

Transformer XII Physics Investigatory Project Reshav

The document is a project report by Reshav Yadav from St. Columbus School, detailing an investigation into the relationship between input and output voltage and the number of turns in the coils of a transformer. It includes acknowledgments, project objectives, theoretical background, and practical applications of transformers, along with a description of the construction process for a self-made transformer. The project serves as a practical fulfillment for the All India Senior School Certificate Exam (AISSCE) for the 2024-2025 session.

Uploaded by

ash588979
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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St.

Columbus
School
Faridabad

Session 2024-2025

SUBMITTED BY: Reshav Yadav

SUBMITTED TO: Mr. Ankit


I Rehav Yadav of Class 12th Section A St. Columbus School
Would Like to express my Sincere Gratitude to our
Respected Physics incharge Mr. Ankit Encouragement and
help from Time to Time during my Tenure as a Student of
Class 12th Section A.

For helping me in completing the Project by useful


Ideas and Guidelines. I thank him for encouraging me
throughout and helping in all possible ways.

I also thank my parents and friends for their vital


support and also for Encouragement and Motivation
given to me for the completion of the project.

Date of Submission: Reshav Yadav


This is to certify that Reshav Yadav of class 12th
Section A has Worked on the Physics Project entitled “To
investigate the relation between the ratio of (i) Input
and output voltage, (ii)Number of turnings in the
secondary coil and primary coil of a self made
transformer”. He has put on his sincere efforts to
collect the reading materials and has devoted sufficient
periods of Practical laboratory work to complete this
project. This project may be considered as Practical
fulfilment of All India Senior School Certificate Exam
(AISSCE) 2024-2025 conducted by CBSE.

Teachers’ signature Principal’s Signature

External Examiner’s Signature


To investigate the relation between the ratio of –

1. Input and output voltage.

2. Number of turnings in the secondary coil and primary


coil of a self made transformer

****
 Aim
 Introduction
 Types Of Transformers
 Theory And Mathematical Derivations
 Simple Circuit Diagram
 Circuit Diagrams Of Step-up and Step-Down
Transformers
 Apparatus Required to make our Own Transformer
 Uses of Transformers
 Bibliography

****
The transformer is a device used for converting a low
alternating voltage to a high alternating voltage or
vice-versa.

A Transformer based on the Principle of mutual


induction according to this principle, the amount of
magnetic flux linked with a coil changing, an e.m.f is
induced in the neighboring coil.

A transformer is an electrical device which is used for


changing the A.C. voltages. A transformer is most
widely used device in both low and high current
circuit. As such transformers are built in an amazing
strength of sizes. In electronic, measurement and
control circuits, transformer size may be so small
that it weight only a few tens of grams where as in
high voltage power circuits, it may weight hundred of
tones.

****
A transformer which increases
the voltages.

A transformer which
decreases the A.C. voltages.
When an altering e.m.f. is supplied to the primary
coil p1p2, an alternating current starts falling in
it. The altering current in the primary produces a
changing magnetic flux, which induces altering
voltage in the primary as well as in the secondary. In
a good-transformer, whole of the magnetic flux
linked with primary is also linked with the secondary,
and then the induced
e.m.f. induced in each turn of the secondary is equal
to that induced in each turn of the primary. Thus if
Ep and Es be the instantaneous values of the e.m.f.’s
induced in the primary and the secondary and Np and Ns
are the no. of turns of the primary secondary coils of
the transformer and

dф / dt = rate of change of flux in each turnoff the


coil at this instant, we have

Ep = -Np dф/dt_________________(1)

and

Es = -Ns dф/dt_________________(2)

Since the above relations are true at every instant, so


by dividing 2 by 1, we get

Es / Ep = - Ns / Np_______________(3)

As Ep is the instantaneous value of back e.m.f induced


in the primary coil p1, so the instantaneous current in
primary coil is

due to the difference (E – Ep ) in the instantaneous


values of the applied and back
e.m.f. further if Rp is the resistance o, p1p2 coil,
then the instantaneous current Ip in the primary coil
is given by

Ip = E – Ep /
Rp E – Ep = Ip
Rp
Thus back e.m.f = input e.m.f

Hence equation 3 can be

written as Es / Ep = Es / E

o output e.m.f / input e.m.f


o Ns / Np = K
Where K is constant, called turn on transformation
ratio.

****
In a step-down transformer, There are many turns on
the secondary winding than in the primary winding in
the step-up transformers. Thus, the voltage supplied in
the secondary
transformer is greater than the one supplied across the
primary
winding. Because of the principle of conservation of
energy, the
transformer converts low voltage, high-current to high
voltage-
low current. In words, the voltage has stepped up.
other been

You can find step-up transformers located near power


plants
that are designed to operate megawatts of power. Apart
from the
power plants, step-up transformers can also be used for
local
and smaller applications such as x-ray machine which
requires about 50,000 volts to work. Even a micro-wave
oven requires a small step-up transformer to operate.
In a step-down transformer is one who windings
secondary fewer than the primary are the
windings. In other words,
transformer’s secondary voltage is less than the primary
voltage. So, the transformer is designed to convert
high-voltage, low-current power into a low-voltage,
high current power and it is mainly used in domestic
consumption.

A common case of step-down application is case of door


in the bells. Normally, door bells use 16 household
volts, but most power
circuits carry 110-120 volts. Therefore, the doorbell’s
step-down
transformer receives the 110 volts and to lower
reduces it voltage before supplying it to
the doorbell.

Step-down transformers are mostly used to convert the


220 volts electricity to the 110 volts required in most
domestic equipment.
 Iron Rod
 Copper Wire
 Hot Wire Ammeter
 Hot Wire Voltmeter

 Take thick iron rod and cover it with a thick


paper and wind a large number of turns of thin Cu
wire on thick paper (say 60). This constitutes
primary coil of the transformer.

 Cover the primary coil with a sheet of paper and


wound relatively smaller number of turns (say 20)
of thick copper wire on it. This constitutes the
secondary coil. It is a step down transformer.

 Connect p1, p2 to A.C main and measure the input


voltage and current using A.C voltmeter and
ammeter respectively.

 Similarly, measure the output voltage and current


through s1and s2.

 Now connect s1and s2to A.C main and again measure


voltage and current through primary and secondary
coil of step up transformer.

 Repeat all steps for other self made


transformers by changing number of turns in
primary and secondary coil.
 In voltage regulator for T.V., computer, air
refrigerator, conditioner, etc.

 A step down transformer is used for


purposes.
welding

 A step down transformer is used for


obtaining large current.

 A step up transformer is used for the production of


X-Rays and NEON advertisement.

 Transformers used in voltage and


are power regulators stabilized
supplies.

 Transformers used in the transmissions of a.c.


are distances: over long

 Small transformers are used in Radio sets,


telephones, loud speakers and electric bells etc.
 www.google.com
 www.wikipedia.org
 Physics NCERT
 Pradeep’s Physics

****

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