A

pivet Fist
2
mat ffieient eco
Ahe.
l(o) 2 ste:
aqu ofpant xhe. Finst
out KnocK
-(2:2) b =Ax
=
)2.\ +8Y t3x
oquaius. -4he loK.
a NUN
a 2.1 2 2 t 2 +
tab. s
liminatin?
does.eliminain.
? do what
he. ishat
hnee and.
equahus. 1htee
Unknown
A
3 matnix Coeffiient
2
2
12
Ca) I =2
aquatious. Cousien.
ha. N Subposa.
1
muihslicaiu. Motix 9.
mahces. Eliminahou.
Subshuhou. SacK -
Failune
Eliminaben. I.
Success
Natrices: Eliminaian.
with
BDas,
 as i1 coutains
My fiast u even- ehanga

Thus 2 -2

2 2 1
A =
2 -2 - 2
2

Second piret
(24)
(2 2) by- m)Hyes

2 1

Ka- 2 -2
2

Thir pivot

Daine. he. mab as

2 -2 -(2s)

pivot Can't be 2e0

mati
Fivel
and
|2]
2-6)
 BDas
e)fninaicu
Flune- liminahi: Hru cqud -4hah
Nould. failad?
.'o tol be
Supþrse. in ne fist þiret
hiil be. dfcult to- solve,
hen

hen- I cant make

2
A Ahe- olporatiu
doing ftsta
R,-3R -(22)
what

We
hen sieh 4he

2I and Ahen - stats the

and

Seend
hat + hat
what shou
ehange
nto

he Coefficienh mahx

2 2

A= 3 -2

Ahen.4he ofvaiu
2md ste:
Can n l be
 4
and 3
2
SoluGu: Again. erehang a +he

2 3 and (2 ·3)

3d pxsibiiy 4he A matx hould.

Supse.

2
A =
3

2 1
- 2k
2 -2
Kg-3Ri
A -2

Ahe

Back- Swbskuion: Net step is he roces

baek SubsHuh

Auq menhad. nabnx

manx
Coe{fieient
2

2.
A
b.

A
K, - 3R
 8.Das
2 2

2 2

2 2

2 - 2

Eimnai steps Cowpete.

Bac
stanhing 4he

2
X 2

2 -2Z

er
Eint 2valuate. value. frn

Second "2aluato Hhe

222

"valwat e 4he ale

2.
X3 2
 X 2

2-2

Natix Muilicai

1et mhod

Cousiar. matx mulhly

and ie mahnx

Cosider 4he anby 4he

Fo sheete. sy and j4.

3 A).(column o} bs)
3-2.

as 2
b34

bna
24
n
 B,Das

The. shepe. Ahe mai

Examle:
2

2 3

A 2 2 33
1 Ax3

(2+ l+2)
l2+ 2 t 4 )
(0 t 3 t2)
( o t 2 44) (1+144)
l + 2 +8) (2 + 3 t4)

A
 B.Das
Matx muH$l; caisn.
RSeeond. Meth d: Suppose. Censidest.a mamx ine.
b The. elamnts (column ale)
Can be. ashimated. as.
b3
A 3

x column 2 o A +
Colunnl of A b
x column 3
bg
he
w e . Can. ay hat Columns

Combinaious Columns J
Consi derhe. matix 2

2
L
2 2. 2
A

Fon 1st

2 X

2
2

t 3
+ 2
2 2
3 2
4
 2 + 2 2 2 S
2 3

thenaome, C can be awiHem as

5

5 3

3Td methodsi Sblose Cousider he - mabces as

a].
3X3
A

Carn. Calculate 4he. lements of 4he. matix s

7Uw 2
2

hat
(Tius, we. Can- Aay
Cowbinatious.

Consider 4he- ame. mam

2

and. 2 3
2 1
2 2.
4 3x3
2
 B,Das
Thus. 1sh Can be. Caleulahed as

[ ] [: 2. 3 2 2

2 |4 2 2]

2nd Can be caleulated as.

2
2
2)
2 2
]+2 3

3
3 ] + a 2 2)
S

Can be. astimated. as.

2 2

2 ]+ 2 3

31
L4 2 2 J =l6
|2 3

Can
be. caleulated. as

+
1]+ 2 ) A 2)
2

2 J+ 2 3

Thus. will be:

5 3

5
4-th- meh d
mn
Column o- A

2 12
2
3
24 J3x 2
3x1
Venyy special matnx as
2nd. column. is.just
mulipç catiou of fins
Colunn )

Sum o}(calumn3 sof A)× (res o s)

ean be. wTuHen as
SufþosQ. Ahe Þevius. max

2 3 [ ?[
3 4
2X2

3x2
mahs
by Cousidening he
2

2 3
2
2

Sules we. Can >ubo

-lbe.
fouoing
3
2
2

.
2
13
 B.Das (12)
4 2 2

2 4 2 2 3 1
2 2
2 3 2 2

2
2 Ax3 Ax3

S 3

Bloc
A, B, t Ag
A A B,

Ag Aa Bz

Eliminahon. matnx:
Aiscuss. 4hat operains
Testenday
noedeA. fon. aliminaiou.
R,-3R, 2
N
1 2 Ra- 2R 2 1 2
2- 2
2 -2 6
3 i2
N 2
1
2

tronsonah
Lat 4eit, what matni x givo. Ah
2
2

2 -2
3
3
1
1
 13

Last day, e dis cuss. about

bnj

Cal =g1 bu t a22 b t 23 b1

a 3 4

Ste- 2
2
1 1

2 -2
2 -2

- 2 1

1hus ., We- Can wule.

(E32 Ea1) A = U.
Asso ciatire. Lau

+ha is he. ohole.

E (E32 E )
eliminaicn. nax hieh
Can give.
Aranefoy mation.
iscuss ab ulhe
into dolols, wo
Bafen geng
benmulaon Tnatn, ahich s. noeded Sor exching
Celunn)
Powmuaion male;

IP

So, you. kn ouw he. i denihy mai

aasiy anchong
Fot colmn. 2xehange what

But Temembot. 4hat matix lgabo,

15 A.

celumn. 2xehange. is not done usualy

Ihats why.
X

again. Coming Aor almi naion. step:

For Ahat we. wle lo into 4he. nves2. a.

matix.
Fon- a- Suane. mabnx it would fe l eus
A No to
Qasy
Frove. butit

exists.

allouw il
Fon- Aquae matices, he- 5hae
an habpons, has
 (s)
Fon- necangular. mabices, a left
Tight mvense Tn houldnt allGur
shape
The. matie9s, a hieh has nol any s called.

invesible, s1 singuler.

Sinqular Case, no inveSe

1
Supþose. bshy hi mati has
inverse, ?

Squane. matix
adj (a)
Ne. KnUw, 4ha Det (A)

mot Qxists
dot C A ) = 0. Thus.

to find.
Let Consi der

4he Cyitenia,

3
Let us. hink
2

Se,

2
 B.Das ((6)
X
A column Column / of I.

He12 We ve. got two ight hand si des instead. of

Then Tondn. Comes. to- ha- þieue.
Gauss - Jonden- idea7
3

"Than Ane
ausmented. matix |6auss .
6, -2 3 say qu
- 2
2 Say ka
9ing

-3
Thats- Ahe. Gauss .
Godou. i aea.

Ror reduchon Eliminaim

beeomas. -matnix 1
haif

Thus,
talls ha
Soliang
Guss -Jordou. idea
NON Cheek - - 3
2

A A = I=AA
Tais.inven
inven table.
inyentable.
suppose. (a)8' a)=I
Similany
Consider

and. if maKe trans þose. 4hen.

(A). (A) = .

Suppese. Consider, a. matix

2 2

Eliminaion. maix whia

E

as.
A =lU
ru. faetoizing A
Lewer ngle

/2
A

Diagnal.
matx
 B.Das
SolutiCu Ax=0
I. Comþuing he. nul. sþace (Ax =0)
vaniabl es
I. Pivot vaniDble s + Faee.
Sheeial. soluions -

Suppose, we. Considon

2 2
nhene.
2

3
Some- Succa SsiVe.
’Maving
we ane.mot changing oþeraiens
Ro- 2 Ri
and
4he. nuil sfoce 3
Ra-3R,
2 2

2 2.
2.
o
2

Hene. mumben- f pivot =2

matix is 4he. numben. o

0nK.
4nis Cas 2.
and. in
Fivots
Ax ’ Ux
So. +ransfon ming
2 2.
2
2

2nd pvot Fnge.

1s pivot Fee
 (
voniables; we. can. a. numbe.
assigns
Spivot vaniabla X, and 3 as. freo Vaniables.
|Fnee. Vaiable
Equahs:
+ 2 + 2 X 20

2 3 + 4Xa s0
Thon cdatun mina x, andxa by bac substituion
Valves, we ge
NUN þuting tne. value- of Xa and column l
-2 o 1sl calumn
- 2 of 2nd
1
2
X= C gire

Thone. ane ihox. þossibiihy fon. X.

"Then. X, = 2
2 X3 -2
whe
X
- 2 2 T2 first column &-2 o
3 d. column. g°res ero)
5þal. Soluhs.
n vaables nd. maix TLank 2

-(4-2) - 2
Fnee-Vaniables
4hon
Wa. Selving
Redue. lehelan.
Echelon torm:
|Zavos aboye and balow ivots
ON
)
(uppen tiangla)
O-2
2 2 2 |.2
2
2

2 -2

many speia. selvhons. The-number of ivl- vaniables.

Hew
 3,DaS
infon. mahu. we. can. cbein ?
2
-2 1 = I. siing in.
2 two þivots.
Columns us

+ 2 X
We oNe
solving Rx =o
t 2 A

3Ax -o}30x - o3 and all.

ivot col fr22. columns

'o
2 2 1

2..

.Rx 0. when. uhat i be he soluo

Lats. ieae. a. null sbace- max, oh ese. olumns
gvas Ahe. sþaeal. soluion.

whee.

Pvot Then. by baeK

Subshtuin, We
Pivet

"OUS Wa. Can. taKe an. arotne. 2x armple

 NotN Consides he
2
2
14 otr many þivets ?
2 6

Thiad. column is de pomdanthus it

ba.free. Columns

2 2

2 2

2 3

2 2

Rank T= 2 dgaini
many o eeal. soluhen. 4he. mat x2

’oo
o 2
Thneo- vaiable and. Ran
2
Fnee. Variabes =3-2 -l

aqahis
Second ,t2. x 3
Colunn pivct Celunn
Column

Voniable

Consde)
 3bi l-og 2
b,-2b) L 2
bi 2 2
2
Auqmented
b Amatix
3 3
2
2 2
6 z +hen
b
b2 b\oXa Xt X2t3 +6 x, 3
s =b, b,t
Tnnis by = ^y 2 t xa 2 22
+ + Equaionsi
X,
Soluion.
of Cemplete
b = XA
and -2. X2
Ihus
2and. hus
be. would
ldb matix sbace. 4he-nul. Case, his în
Thus,
2 2
3 2
to
2 3.Das
ns. Hee. Colunns four andSecond. Hene.
Varuobles.
solve. 4hen and
ables Vai fee. all. set
scluion
to Comßlete. ind. To e
b LAx
be must
of Combinahe.
s. entes dame h the
Combinahiono Angthey
(A). C in is bhen slvable b =Ax
Coniti
ou
lb
2
3
( 2 2 2
Thus,
wihe CanL
Inus,
Jb
selvobiuby:
Column
column
2nd-pivot
-b-bi b¡
2
2 2 2
 B,Das, 2
Tnus, wwe. can ut all. ha. +ne2. vaiables as

Thenefone, Can. be. he. as

2 X3 =3

Thus, we. get and X, = -2.

ienafore, panheular -2 Gne solui0n.

3l2

We have. to nd. ut he. Compleke solui ou

Complete solu.
X
Cowp nuil space

-2 2
2
hus, cmpte scl 2

This is 4he. method. hrough atieh We. can qet he

2%act soluion.