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atfPsf] 5 . sf]ifn] n3', 3/]n' tyf ;Demf}tf ePsf] ;ft lbgleq eg] Joj;fo k/fdz{, ;r]tgf,
Go"gtd kfFr nfv ;fgf pBf]u ljsf;;DaGwL a}+sn] pBdLnfO{ shf{sf] k|yd Ifdtf ljsf; tyf cWoog
?k}ofFb]lv @% nfv ?k}ofF;Dd sfo{sf nflu clwstd !) ls:tf pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf cg';Gwfg, cf}Bf]lus af}l4s
shf{ kl/rfng ug]{ nIo nfv ?k}ofF;Dd, k|ljlw ul/Psf] 5 . shf{ lnPsf] t];|f] ;DklQ ;+/If0f, btf{ / Ifdtf
/flvPsf]n] sf]ifn] n3', ljsf;;DaGwL sfo{sf nflu jif{af6 eg] ;fFjf lkmtf{ ;'? ljsf;, cf}Bf]lus k|bz{gL tyf
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ljsf;;DaGwL sfo{qmd sfo{sf nflu clwstd cjlwcufj} ls:tf r'Qmf ug{ ljsf;nufotsf sfo{x¿
;d]t ;~rfng ul/g] atfOPsf] kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Dd shf{ ;Sg]5 / ;f]afkt z'Ns x'g]5g\ . ?U0f pBf]usf] xsdf
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sfof{Gjogdf cfP;Fu} …dlxnf tyf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sfo{sf / ;f]sf] Aofh /sd sf]ifdf dlxnf pBdzLntf ljsf;
pBdzLntf ljsf; sf]if nflu clwstd @% nfv hDdf ug'{kg]{5 . pBdLn] sfo{qmdcGtu{t eg] pBf]u
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ls gx'g] eGg] ljifodf u/dfu/d ax; rln/x]sf z z+s/ dfg l;+x b]znfO{ sfnf];r" Laf6 x6fpg ;S5 . ?k}ofF /fVg] k|:tfj u/] klg g]kfnnfO{ ;g\ @)!$ df ;"rLaf6 agfpg] ljifodf z'4Ls/0f sfg'g
5g\ . o;f] x'g' /fd|f] klg xf] . s]xLcl3 xbDofbsf] cft+sjfb / cf0fljs xltof/;Fu ;+;b\af6 kfl/t x'Fbf x6]sf] lyof] . x6fof] . g/d agfpg'kg]{, k}lqs ;DklQ
s'/f p7]sf] lyof] . Tof] 6'ªu\ f] nfUof] cyf{t\ xbDofb ;DalGwt cj}w ultljlwsf] cj:yfsf o:t}, @% s/f]8 ?k}ofF;Dd sf/f]af/ kmfOgflG;on PS;g 6f:s :j3f]if0ffaf/] cln k|i6 v'nfpg'k5{ .
gx'g] eof] elgPs} a]nf of] ljw]os g} xfn lg0f{oxLg sf/0f xfn PkmP6LPkmsf] sfnf];r" Ldf ePsf ;+:yfsf] :yfgLo txn], kmf];{ -PkmP6LPkm_ ljZjJofkL¿kdf hjfkmb]lotf PkmP6LPkmk|lt xf] ls
cj:ydf k'us ] f] atfOG5 . e|i6frf/ eg]sf] w]/} n'sfP/ PG6L dgL nlG8ǻ sfg'g, lgod / s]xL b]z dfq 5g\ . %) s/f]8;Ddsf] k|b]zn] / %) ljQLo ck/fwsf] /f]syfdsf nflu g]kfnL hgtfk|lt eGg] k|Zg klg
ul/g] sfd xf] . To;sf/0f yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] kfFr
k|lqmofx¿sf] cGt/f{li6«o hfn xf], h;sf] ljutnfO{ x]bf{ s/f]8eGbf a9Lsf] ;+3Lo ljefuaf6 sfd ug]{ cGt/–;/sf/L lgsfo ;f+;bx¿n] p7fPsf lyP .
p2]Zo k};fnfO{ j}w cfosf] ¿kdf k|i6 ljutdf lgodg, cg'udg / ;'k/Lj]If0f xf] . oBlk o;n] lgodx¿ nfu" elgG5, g]kfn sfof{Gjogdf
jif{leq ;Sg'kg]u{ /L xbDofb /fVg'kg]{ eGg] ;'emfj b]vfOPsf] xF'b}g . ztfAbLof}+b]lv ;/sf/ g]kfnsf] k|ltlglw;efsf] ;DklQ ug]{ Joj:yf /flvPsf] 5 . %) ub}{g jf b08x¿ yf]kb}{g, PkmP6LPkm r's]sf 5 . cg';Gwfg, sf/afxL,
klg cfPsf lyP . To;sf] 6'ªu\ f] gnfUb} clxn] / sfg'g k|j4{g Ph]G;Lx¿n] k};fsf] kl5 z'4Ls/0f;DaGwL ljw]os s/f]8 ?k}ofFeGbf a9L ;]o/k'FhL jf l;kmfl/;x¿ / lbzflgb]{zx¿n] ;DklQ hkmt / ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f
csf]{ ljifo p7]sf] 5 . Tof] xf] gLltut lg0f{osf nfu]/ ck/fw;Fu n8\g] k|of; u/]sf ;j{;Ddltn] kfl/t u/]sf] :d/0f jflif{s sf/f]af/ ePsf] ;xsf/Lsf] ljQLo ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;DklQ /f]syfd ug]{ k|0ffnL ultnf] 5}g
gfddf clxn];Dd h]–h] x'g] u/]sf 5g\ To;nfO{ s] 5g\ . PkmP6LPkmn] g]kfnnfO{ ;DklQ x'G5 . To; ljw]ossf] cg'df]bgn] ljQLo ;'zf;g tyf hf]lvdsf z'4Ls/0f / cft+sjfbL sf]iflj?4 elgPsf] 5 .
ug]{ eGg] . 5nkmn rln/x]sf] ;+;bLo pk;ldltn] z'4Ls/0f dfldnfdf …u|] ln:6Úaf6 hf]lug lgof{t–cfoft -lgoGq0f_ P]g–@)!#, cfwf/df ljefusf] cg'/f]wdf n8\g d2t ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf xfdLh:tf] b]zn] cGt/f{li6«o
Ps jif{ ;do lbPsf] 5 . kfgLhxfh btf{ P]g–@)@&, /fh:j To:tf ;+:yfsf] lgodg lg/LIf0f v]N5g\ . cy{tGqaf6 cnlUuP/ a:g
gLltut lg0f{osf] Ps k|sf/n] kl/efiff u/]sf] 5, hgj/Ldf d"Nofª\sg P]g–@)#$, ko{6g P]g–@)#%, ejg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] PkmP6LPkm u|]ln:6 ;Sb}g . To;}u/L, ljb]zL bftfx¿n]
h;df JolQm / ;+:yfsf] nfedf dlGqkl/ifb\af6 g]kfnsf] kf/:kl/s d"Nofªsg ug]{ lgdf{0f P]g–@)!# nufotsf sfg'gdf ;d]t ug]{ u/L g]kfn /fi6« a}+s a9]sf] cg'udgcGtu{t b]z sfnf];"rLdf k/]kl5 ;xfotf
ePsf lg0f{o e|i6frf/ x'g] / To;sf] 5fglag PkLhLn] hgj/Ldf g]kfnn] u/]sf] k|ultsf] ;+zf]wgsf] af6f] v'n]sf] lyof] . P]g ;d]t ;+zf]wg ePsf] lyof] . If]qflwsf/–h;nfO{ PkmP6LPkm u|l] n:6 / cg'bfgsf nflu yk s8f
clVtof/n] ug{ kfpg] eGg] s'/f pNn]v 5 . ;dLIff ub}{ 5 . o;sf] k|ltj]bg / g]kfnsf] lwtf]kq P]g–@)^#, g]kfn /fi6« ;b:ox¿sf] art lkmtf{ ug{ g;sL klg elgG5 . ljQLo ck/fw;Fu n8\g ;t{x¿ nufpg ;S5g\ . cfufdL
ljutsf pbfx/0f x]g]{ xf] eg] dlGqkl/ifb\af6 x'g] hjfkmsf] cfwf/df PkmP6LPkmn] g]kfnnfO{ …u]| a}+s P]g–@)%* / To;}u/L dfgj ;d:ofu|:t x'g] ;xsf/Lsf] ;+Vof …/0fgLlts sdhf]/LÚ ePsf b]zx¿ PkmP6LPkmsf] k"0f{ a}7scl3
gLltut lg0f{osf gfddf w]/} 7"nf7"nf sf08x¿ ePsf ln:6Údf /fVg] ls g/fVg] eg]/ lg0f{o ug]{ a]rlavg tyf oftfoft -lgoGq0f_ a9] klg ;/sf/n] ;'/Iffsf nflu ;dfj]z x'g] u5{g\ . PkmP6LPkm u|] cWofb]z NofOof] eg] o;nfO{ 7"nf]
xf] . pQm ;do;Ldf glhlsFb} ubf{ ;/sf/n] P]g–@)^$, kmf}hbf/L ;DklQ tyf s'g} sfd ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . ln:6df ;"rLs[t b]zx¿n] ;DklQ k|ult dfGg] ls of] sfg'gsf] ¿kdf
5g\ . t/ dlGqkl/ifb\af6 gLltut lg0f{o ePsf] eg]/ xtf/xtf/ sfg'g ;+zf]wg u/]sf] xf] ls eGg] pks/0f -hkmt, lgoGq0f / ;'emfj ;ldlt z'4Ls/0f / cft+sjfbL ljQkf]if0fsf] kfl/t x'g] xf] . cGoyf, cfkm\gf]
ltlgdfly 5fglag ;d]t x'g] u/]sf] 5}g . kl5Nnf] cg'el" t gxf];\ . hkmt_ P]g–@)&), ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f ut jif{ ;xsf/Ldf b]lvPsf pRr hf]lvdnfO{ k|ltlglwTj u5{g\ k|lta4tf k"/f ug{ c;kmn /fi6«sf]
;do dlGqkl/ifb\af6 gLltut lg0f{osf gfddf PkmP6LPkmn] e|i6frf/ / cGo /f]syfd P]g–@)^$, ;+ul7t ck/fw ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ /fli6«o of]hgf t/ ljQLo ck/fw /f]Sg lgofds ¿kdf g]kfnsf] x}l;ot /lx/xg]5 .
b'O{hgf k"j{k|wfgdGqLn] 5'6 g} kfP . of] nlntf ljQLo ck/fw /f]Sgsf nflu pko'Qm /f]syfd P]g–@)&), lj;+ @)&(, cfof]usf ;b:osf] ;+of]hsTjdf k"jf{wf/nfO{ cem /fd|f] agfpg g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] sfo{of]hgf
lgjf;sf] ;/sf/L hUuf x8Kg nfluPsf] ;Gbe{ xf] . ljQLo k"jf{wf/ gePsf b]zx¿nfO{ klg ;xsf/L P]g–@)&$, ljb]zL nufgL ul7t ;'emfj sfo{bnn] klg cflwsfl/s¿kdf k|lta4 x'g' klg sfof{Gjogdf lg/Gt/ nfUg'k5{ . oL
To;df b'O{hgf k|wfgdGqLsf kfnfdf clGtd lg0f{o klxrfg ub{5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ;/;/L tyf k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f P]g–@)&% / tTsfnsf nflu 7"nf] sf/f]af/ h?/L 5 . sdLx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu
ePsf] lyof], h;nfO{ clVtof/n] glltut lg0f{o x]bf{ ;+zf]wg ePsf] Ps jif{ klg gk'Ub} ljB't\ lgodg cfof]u P]g–@)&$ sf] ug]{ ;xsf/Lsf] cg'udg g]kfn /fi6« oL k|of;x¿ ;dfj]z 5g\, d"ntM kof{Kt¿kdf dgL nlG8«ª /
;/sf/n] ;xsf/L P]g, @)&$ / g]kfn ;+zf]wg / kl/dfh{gsf] nflu af6f] a}+sdfkm{t ug{ / bL3{sfnLg¿kdf b]ze/ d'b|f lgd{nLs/0f lgjf/0fsf cft+sjfbL ljQLo ck/fwLs/0f,
eg]/ d'2f nu]g . clxn] vf]lhPsf] kl/efiff o;/L /fi6« a}+s P]g, @)%* ;+zf]wg k|:tfj v'n]sf] lyof] . lgodg k|flws/0f agfpg ;'emfj pkfox¿sf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg cft+sjfbL ;DklQx¿ klxrfg ug{
d'lQm kfpg] ls gkfpg] eGg] xf] . To;}df JolQm u/]sf] s'/f xfnL ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 . ljutnfO{ x]bf{, ;DklQ lbPsf] lyof] . o;}u/L ;+;bLo ug{ sfo{ of]hgf l;h{gf ub}{ k};fsf] / lk|mh ug{ kof{Kt k|lqmofx¿
/ ;+:yfsf] nfedf dlGqkl/ifb\af6 ePsf lg0f{o xfn}sf] dlGqkl/ifb\ a}7sn] ;xsf/L;DaGwL z'4Ls/0f;DaGwL cGt/b]zLo ;+:yf ;+;b\sf] ;+of]hsTjdf ag]sf] cj}w k|jfxlj?4 n8\g cGo :yfkgf / sfof{Gjog ug]{, ;DklQ
e|i6frf/ x'g] / To;sf] 5fglag clVtof/n] ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug{ ag]sf] kmfOgflG;on PS;g 6f:s kmf];{ …;xsf/L ;+:yf art /sd b'?kof]u ljQLo ;+:yf / Joj;fox¿;Fu z'4Ls/0f;DaGwL /sd hkmt ug{sf
kfpg] eGg] s'/f /fVg dfu ePsf] x'g'k5{ . clVtof/ cWofb]z kf; ub}{ ;xsf/L P]g / g]kfn -PkmP6LPkm_sf] ut c;f/df ePsf] ;DaGwdf ;+;bLo 5fglag ;ldltÚn] sfd ug]{ s]Gb|Lo lgofds OsfO{sf] nflu kof{Kt k|lqmofx¿ sfof{Gjog
P]g ;+zf]wg ljw]ossf] k|ltj]bg d"n ;ldltdf k]; /fi6« a}+s P]g ;+zf]wg ug{ nfu]sf] Kn]g/Ldf ljleGg P]g ;+zf]wg klg ;xsf/Ln] ug]{ art C0f ljsf; ub}{ …PG6L dgL nfpG8l/ªÚ ug]{, pko'Qm kf/:kl/s sfg'gL
b]lvG5 . u/L PkLhLn] cf}FNofPsf sdhf]/L sf/f]af/df ;Ldf tf]Sg tyf lgodg dfkb08sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ;xfotf sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjog /
x'Fbf clVtof/n] x]g{ kfpFg] eg]/ s]xL aF'bf /flvPsf PkmP6LPkm sfnf];"rL ;Daf]wg ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm ug]{ k|flws/0f agfpg ;'emfj lbPsf] k|of;afx]s, u|]ln:6]8 b]zx¿ sfof{Gjog, k"0f{¿kdf ;~rfng
5g\ . h:tf] ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ ;dfg¿kdf nfu" gx'g] PkmP6LPkm sfnf];"rL eg]sf] ul/Psf] lyof] . k|ltlglw;efn] lyof] . :d/0f /xf];\ PkLhLn] PkmP6LPkm cfkm}F jf PkmP6LPkmåf/f ;'lglZrt ub}{ / ljQLo v'lkmof
/ ;fj{hlgs¿kdf 3f]if0ff ePsf] gLltsf] k|lts"n x'g] /fi6«x¿sf] ;+sng xf], h;nfO{ ljQLo ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f;DaGwL ljw]osnfO{ cfkm\gf] kf/:kl/s d"Nofª\sg tf]lsPsf cGo If]qLo lgsfox¿åf/f OsfO{ k|efjsf/L¿kdf sfo{ / d'b|f
u/L s'g} vf; JolQm jf lghL ;+:yfnfO{ dfq nfe ko{j]Ifsn] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f / cft+sjfbL cg'df]bg u/]kl5 kmfOgflG;on k|ltj]bgdf g]kfnn] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f a9\bf] lgu/fgLdf x'G5g\ . oL lgd{nLs/0f lgjf/0fsf] nflu kof{Kt
x'g] u/L ul/Psf] lg0f{o gLltut x'g]5}g . ;fj{hlgs ljQ kf]if0f;DaGwL lrGtfx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg PS;g 6f:s kmf];{ -PkmP6LPkm_ cg';Gwfgsf] clVtof/L ;DalGwt ;+:yfx¿n] d'b|f lgd{nLs/0f lgjf/0f ;+lbUw n]gb]g l/kf]l6{ª bfloTjx¿
vl/b;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd lg0f{o x'g'kg]{df ug]{ k|of;df …c;xof]uLÚ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] åf/f u|]ln:6df kg]{ vt/f Go"gLs/0f ck/fw cg';Gwfg lgsfonfO{ lbg] cg'kfng k"/f ug{ b]zsf] k|ult :yfkgf ub}{ hfg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
dlGqkl/ifb\n] vl/b;DaGwL u/]sf] lg0f{o gLltut
x'g]5}g . sfg'gadf]lhd c¿ lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Ln]
lg0f{o ug{'kg]{df To;nfO{ dlGqkl/ifb\df nu]/ lg0f{o
u/]df gLltut lg0f{o dflgg] 5}g .
ljutdf x/]s s'/f dlGqkl/ifb\df nu]/ lg0f{o
dGbLn] lglDtPsf] 3/hUuf sf/f]af/
x'Fb}g elgG5 . ha b]zsf] xsdf cfPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . h;df 3/hUuf cTofjZos cfDbfgL pknAw u/fP ePsfn] xl/ofnL tyf s[lif If]qsf]
u/fpg] ul/Psf / Tof] e|i6frf/ g} eP klg gLltut klg of] dfGotfn] sfd ub}{ cfPsf] sf/f]af/ / /fh:jdf ;'wf/ cfP klg tfklg ltgLx¿ ljZjJofkL >d ahf/ / ;+/If0f tyf k|j4{gsf nflu lgdf{0f
lg0f{osf cfj/0fdf 5f]k5fk kfg]{ ul/Fb} cfOPsf] 5 . o;df b'O{ jif{b]lv cy{tGq d"No a9\g ;s]sf] 5}g . of] jif{ cfof]hs b]zx¿df cfly{s cj:yfsf] lgif]lwt If]qdf k/]sf] hUufsf]
cj:yfsf] ca cGTo x'g}k5{ . ;+;b\df k6s–k6s ;':t x'Fbf 3/hUuf sf/f]af/ klg c;f]h;Dddf 3/hUuf sf/f]af/ !& / ptf/r9fjsf] cwLgdf 5g\ . of] dfnkf]t s/, ;DklQ s/df 5'6
rrf{df cfO/xg] sf08x¿ cf]DgL, olt, lul/aGw'b]lv a9]sf] 5}g . ljutdf cy{tGqdf /fh:j ;+sng !( k|ltztn] a9]sf] lge{/tfn] cfly{s sdhf]/Lx¿ l;h{gf x'g'kg]{ ;'emfjx? lbPsf lyP .
dGbL cfpFbf 3/hUuf sf/f]af/ klg 5 . of] ut jif{sf tLg dlxgfdf u/]sf] 5 / 3/ hUuf ahf/nfO{ c;/ lgisif{df eGg'kbf{ 3/hUufsf]
:jtGq lgsfo g]jfgLn] ljdfg vl/b ubf{sf s'/f ;':t ePsf w]/} pbfx/0f 5g\ . ePsf] sf/f]af/;Fu t'ngf ubf{ a9]sf] u/]sf] 5 . lsga]r / sf/f]af/sf] clen]v &&
;d]t dlGqkl/ifb\df nu]/ lg0f{o u/fOPsf lyP . o;}nfO{ ljleGg ;dodf ePsf] b]lvPsf] xf] . o;/L x]g]{ xf] eg] ut d'n'sdf 3/hUuf lsga]rdf lhNnfsf dfnkf]t sfof{nox¿n] ug]{
dlGqkl/ifb\n] lg0f{o ugf{;fy Tof] gLltut eOxfNg] hUufsf] sf/f]af/sf] pynk'ynnfO{ ;fpg / ebf}df 3/hUuf sf/f]af/ b'O{ jflif{s kfFr va{ a9Lsf] sf/f]af/ u/]sf 5g\ . k|To]s lhNnfdf k|d'v
/ Tof] hlt;'s} 7"nf] sf08 eP klg 5fglag x]g{ ;lsG5 . h;/L ;/sf/L k|ltzt / /fh:j ;+sng !^ k|ltzt n'sfOPsf] bfaL Joj;foLx¿n] u/]sf lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf
gx'g] cj:yfn] b]zdf e|i6frf/ a9]sf] eGg] ljleGg z ljZjgfy v/]n lgsfosf] clxn]sf k|of; 3/hUuf dfq a9]sf]] lyof] eg] c;f]hdf yk 5g\ . o;/L w]/} d"Nosf] 3/hUufnfO{ ToxfFsf] 3/hUufsf] Go"gtd d"No
sf/f]af/nfO{ ult lbg] vfnsf ;'wf/ cfPsf] xf] . Go"g d"Nodf sf/f]af/ u/]sf] b]vfP/ lgwf{/0f x'g] u/]sf] 5 . xfnsf]
cWoogx¿sf] lgisif{ 5 . clxn]sf] ;jfn xf] o:tf] b]lvPsf 5}gg\ . s]xL jif{ cufl8sf] d'n'ssf] l/on O:6]6 If]qsf] s/ 5nL u/]sf] cfz+sf ul/Psf] ;dodf d'n'ssf] 3/hUuf ahf/df
k/Dk/fsf] cGTo ug]{ ls bf]xf]¥ofpg] < ;DalGwt cUnf] lxdfnob]lv pj{/ sf]le8 dxfdf/Ldf ylnPsf] d'n'ssf] eljio ;du| cfly{s ;'wf/, gLltut 5 . o;y{ jflif{s ;f9] !@ va{eGbf cfPsf] dGbLn] cfly{s, lgofds
ljifodf sfg'g agfpFbfsf] ;dodf of k|Zg p7g'k5{ d}bfg;Ddsf] ljljw e"uf]n ePsf] cy{tGqn] cem} no ;dfTg ;s]sf] ;'wf/ / nufgLstf{sf] efjgfnufot a9Lsf] 3/hUuf sf/f]af/ x'g] u/]sf]df / ;fdflhs sf/sx¿sf] hl6n
/ ;lx tl/sfn] pQ/ klg kfpg'k5{ . To;f] ePg jf /fi6« g]kfnn] P]ltxfl;s¿kdf 5}g . j:t'tM clxn];Dd 3/hUuf ljleGg sf/sx¿df lge{/ u5{ . ;/sf/L tYof+sdf ;f9] ;ft va{sf] cGt/lqmofnfO{ emNsfpF5 . h;df
x'g kfPg eg] e|i6frf/n] emg\ ljs/fn ¿k lng]5 . 3/hUuf ultljlwdf lg/Gt/ j[l4 -l/on O:6]6_ df kfFr va{eGbf a9L xfnsf] dGbLn] dxTjk"0f{ r'gf}tLx¿ dfq sf/f]af/ ePsf] g]kfn hUuf tyf /fi6«df l9nf] 3/hUuf Joj;fo
ePsf] lyof] . t/, kl5Nnf jif{x¿df nufgL k'u]sf] 5 . of] nufgL To;} k|:t't ubf{ o;n] cfTdlg/LIf0f cfjf; ljsf; dxf;+3n] hgfPsf] ;+/rgfTds r'gf}tLx¿, cfly{s
To;} klg larf}lnofx¿ ;/sf/ 9fNg] / agfpg] 3/hUuf If]qn] pNn]vgLo dGbL a:g' eg]sf] cy{tGqnfO{ rnfodfg / ;'wf/sf cj;/x¿ klg k|bfg 5 . h'g 3/hUufsf] d"Nodf x'g] sf/sx¿, ;fdflhs / hg;f+lVosLo
x}l;otdf /x]sf] eg]/ t cf/f]k nflu/x]s} 5 . o:tf] cg'ej u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ eGg] agfpg /f]Sg' xf] . of] 3/hUufdf ub{5 . o;df klg eGg] g} xf] eg] ptf/r9fj / cfk;L ;dembf/Ldf sf/sx¿, jftfj/0fLo r'gf}tLx¿,
a'emfO unt xf] eg]/ hjfkm lbg]a]nf oxL xf] . g} xf] eg] b]zsf] ;':t l/on O:6]6 7"nf] k'FhL km;]s} sf/0f cy{tGq cGtlg{lxt ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg d"No sfod ug]{ k|j[lQn] sf/f]af/ / ;'zf;gsf d'2fx¿sf] hl6n
ahf/sf] ax'cfoflds sf/0f, k|efj ;':t ePsf] dflgPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ u/L pko'Qm /0fgLltx¿ nfu" u/]/ clgoldt x'g] u/]sf] g]kfn hUuf tyf cGt/lqmofsf] kl/0ffd xf] . oL
/ eljiosf ;Defjgfx¿sf] af/]df ;;tL{ x]g]{ xf] eg] hlta]nf d'n'sdf d'n'sn] cem l:y/, lbuf] / ;dfj]zL cfjf; ljsf; dxf;+3n] hgfPsf] r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ k"jf{wf/
rrf{ ug{ ;lsG5 . h;n]ubf{ jt{dfg 3/hUufsf] lsga]r Jofks lyof], 3/hUuf ahf/ l;h{gf ug{ ;S5 . 5 . h:tf] ls cfly{s @)&*÷)&( ljsf;, cfly{s ljljwLs/0f, lzIff
kl/b[Zosf] lj:t[t¿kdf ljZn]if0f ahf/ klg rnfodfg lyof] . To;a]nf o;sf] ;fy;fy} ;/sf/, ljsf;stf{, df 3/hUuf sf/f]af/dfkm{t %* ca{ / ;Lk ljsf;, n}lËs ;dfgtf,
ug'{ cfjZos x'g hfG5 . o;nfO{ 3/hUufsf] sf/f]af/ rnfodfg x'Fbf nufgLstf{ / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] #$ s/f]8 /fh:j p7]sf] lyof] . h;} ;'zf;g clej[l4, / lbuf] jftfj/0fLo
P]ltxfl;s ;Gbe{df cjnf]sg ug]{ xf] ahf/df klg k};f lkmlhPsf] lyof] . jt{dfg r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ / sf]le8—!( sf] dxfdf/L km}lnof], cEof;x¿ ;dfj]z u/L Jofks /
eg] /fi6«sf] 3/hUuf If]qn] ;g\ @))) To;sf] rf}tkmL{ ;sf/fTds k|efj o; If]qsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ cgns c¿ Joj;fo / Jofkf/h:t} 3/hUuf ax'cfoflds b[li6sf]0f cfjZos 5 .
sf] k|f/Dedf pNn]vgLo j[l4 u/]sf] k/]sf] lyof] . To;a]nf /fHon] klg ug{ ldn]/ sfd ug{'k5{ . o;sf sf/f]af/ klg ;':tfof] . @)*)÷)*! oL /0fgLltx¿ sfof{Gjog u/]/ /
lyof] . To;kl5 a9\bf] ;x/Ls/0f, dgUo /fh:j cfDbfgL ug{ kfPsf] nflu bL3{sfnLg b[li6sf]0f, ;'wf/sf] df 3/hUuf sf/f]af/dfkm{t ;/sf/n] l:y/ / ;dfj]zL cfly{s jftfj/0fnfO{
ljQLo zAbsf]if Clifnfn >]i7 j}b]lzs /f]huf/Laf6 cfpg] /]ld6\ofG; lyof] . kmntM ;/sf/L lgsfox¿n] k|lta4tf / ;xsfof{Tds b[li6sf]0f p7fPsf] /fh:j $^ ca{ %$ s/f]8 a9fjf lbP/ b]zn] cfly{s r'gf}tLx¿
/ a9\bf] dWod ju{n] cfjf;Lo / 3/hUuf sf/f]af/nfO{ ult lbg rflxG5 . o;y{ gjk|jt{gnfO{ cFufn]/, ?k}ofF dfq} lyof] . To:t}u/L 3/hUuf kf/ u/L lbuf] ljsf; / ljsf;
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d'Vo jf s]Gb|Lo laqmL s]Gb|af6 5'§} cGo :yfgdf :yfkgf jf ;~rfng 5 . o;df klg l:y/ / cfsif{s vf;} ;kmn x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o;df ljsf;nfO{ k|fyldstf lbP/, /fi6«n] vf]Ng] nufotsf gLltut cf}hf/ xf] eg] r'gf}tLx¿ dxTjk"0f{ eP tfklg
ePsf laqmL s]Gb|x? . zx/sf] lj:tf/ / ljsf;sf] qmddf d'Vo zx/L k|ltkmn vf]Hg] g]kfnLx¿sf nflu d"n h8 eg]sf] sf]le8kl5 ;':t FI JI@K8XI,I@TQI2^FIO\^VM>O klg k|of]u gu/]sf] xf]Og, t/ of] nlIft x:tIf]k / /0fgLlts of]hgfn]
If]qeGbf aflx/ a:tLsf] ljsf;n] ubf{ zx/sf] aflx/L If]qdf zfvf
laqmL s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ePsf] x'G5 . 3/hUuf nufgL nf]slk|o ljsNk 3/hUuf sf/f]af/ pNn]vgLo¿kdf / ;fdflhs k|ultsf] rfnsdf kl/0ft Joj;fo cem} lzlyn 5 . h:tf] o; If]qnfO{ k'g?Tyfg ug{ ;S5 .
DJ@VI@R%ONRI@ WM>O a9\g ;s]sf] 5}g . cem} eGg] xf] ug{ ;S5 . h'g b]zsf] cy{tGqsf] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleqsf gu/kflnsf o;/L lbuf]kg / ;dfj]zLtf ;'lglZrt
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pTkfbs sDkgLn] cfkm\gf] pTkfbg ;dfg k|sf/sf] cGo j:t' of] k|foM jf:tljs dfusf] ;§f nufgL 36]sf] 5 . d"ntM b]zs} /fhwfgL nufgLsf] d'Vo ;|f]t /]ld6\ofG;df lgdf{0f;DaGwL dfkb08, @)^$ df b[li6sf]0f /fi6«sf] 3/hUuf ahf/sf]
pTkfbgaf6 ahf/df 5'§} klxrfg /fvL u|fxsnfO{ lrgfpg cIf/x? sd ePsf] cg'dfg ;DalGwt If]qn] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfd} 3/hUufsf] efpdf xfn}sf jif{x¿df ljZjJofkL cfly{s pkTosfsf ljleGg /fhs'nf], vf]N;L, bL3{sfnLg :jf:Yosf nflu dxTjk"0f{
jf zAbx? k|of]u u/L lrgf/L lbOPsf] dfsf{ jf Jofkfl/s gfd . u/]sf] 5 . klg lu/fj6 cfPsf] 5 . o;/L x]g]{ clglZrttfsf sf/0f lu/fj6 cfPsf] gbL lsgf/ /x]sf] hUufaf6 $ b]lv x'g]5 . ctM /fi6«n] k'gMk|flKtsf]
o; dfsf{ jf gfdn] u|fxsnfO{ ;DalGwt j:t'sf] u'0f:t/ ;DaGwdf cy{tGq / 3/hUuf sf/f]af/sf] xf] eg] t/fO{ If]qdf emg} d"No pRr 5 . h;n]ubf{ b]zsf] cy{tGq @) ld6/;Dd ;]6 Aofs 5f]8\g'kg]{ af6f]df ;dfwfg ug{sf] nflu 3/
ljZj:t t'NofpF5 . pTkfbsnfO{ o; dfsf{ jf Jofkfkl/s lrGx k|of]u b/n] 36]sf] 5 . h'g sf]le8kl5sf] j}b]lzs /f]huf/Laf6 cfpg] / pQm lgdf{0f lgif]lwt If]qdf k/]sf] hUuf If]qsf] k|If]k0f km/flsnf] cfly{s
u/L ahf/ Joj:yfkg ubf{ ;DalGwt j:t'sf] dfu / laqmL ;DaGwdf ult ;Fu;Fu} lxF8\5g\ eGg] dfGotf
cg'udg ug{ / lj1fkg u/L ahf/ lj:tf/ ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . 5 . h;/L 3/hUuf sf/f]af/ ;':t ;':t 3/hUuf sf/f]af/df rfn' cfly{s /]ld6\ofG;df w]/} lge{/ 5 . h'g hUufsf] ;d]t cGo If]q;/x dfnkf]t / ;fdflhs k|ultsf] k|d'v ;"rs
ag]sf] cj:yfdf cy{tGq rnfodfg jif{b]lv eg] ;fdfGo¿kdf ;'wf/ /]ld6\ofG;n] w]/} 3/kl/jf/sf nflu tyf ;DklQ s/ lng' pko'Qm gx'g] /xg]5 .
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dgfOFb}5 . e]nf ePsf lyP . ToxfF lg0f{o u/] . To;cl3 /f]ddf h'lno; l;h/n] sdfG8
u|]uf]l/og kfqf]cg';f/ !@ ldg]6;Dd nuftf/ gofF jif{ @% dfr{af6 ;'? cfkm\gf] xftdf lnP . pgn]
cfhb]lv gofF jif{ O{:jL ;+jt cfltzafhL ePsf] lyof] . x'GYof] . klg Sofn]]G8/ kl/jt{g u/] .
@)@$ sf] labfO{ / gofF Go"lhNofG8df gofF jif{ kf]lDkn;n] hgj/L vuf]nljb\x?n] h'lno;
jif{ ;g\ @)@% sf] :jfutdf g]kfndf eGbf kf}g] cf7 306f dlxgf /f]dg b]jtf hfg;sf] l;h/nfO{ k[YjLn] ;"o{sf]
ljZje/ ljleGg sfo{qmx?sf] cufl8 cfpF5 eg] cd]l/sfdf gfdaf6 gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] kl/qmdf ug{ tLg ;o ^%
cfof]hgf u/L dgfOFb} 5 . ;jf gf} 306fkl5 gofF jif{ / dfr{ dlxgf o'4x?sf] lbg 5 3G6f nfUg] atfP .
Go"lhNofG8sf] cfpF5 . ljZje/ gofF jif{sf] b]jtf d+unsf] gfdaf6 To;kl5 l;h/n] /f]dg
csNof08af6 ;a}eGbf ;'?jft cjlw !( 306f;Dd /flvPsf]n] gofF jif{ dfr{sf] Sofn]G8/nfO{ tLg ;o !)
klxnf gofF jif{sf] :jfut hf/L /xG5 . ;§f hgj/Laf6 ;'? lbgaf6 a9fP/ tLg ;o
ul/Psf]] 5 . ;+;f/sf] hgj/L ! df gofF jif{ lsg ug'{kg]{ ts{ lbPsf lyP . ^% lbg k'¥ofP . ;fy}
;a}eGbf k"jL{ efudf cjl:yt dgfOG5 < g'df kf]lDkn;n] hf/L u/]sf] l;h/n] km]a|'c/L dlxgfnfO{
ePsf]n], gofF jif{ b'O{ xhf/ 5 ;o #& Sofn]G8/df Ps jif{df tLg @( lbg agfpg] lg0f{o u/],
klxnf] k6s Go"lhNofG8df jif{ klxnf] cyf{t\ ^ ;o ;o !) lbg / !) dlxgf tf ls k|To]s rf/ jif{df
dgfOG5 . ToxfF xhf/f}F &# O{;fk"j{df /f]ddf g'df dfq lyof] . Tolta]nf Ps Ps lbgsf] j[l4 ;dfof]hg
dflg;x?n] b]zsf] ;a}eGbf kf]lDkn; gfdsf /fhf ;ftfdf cf7 lbg x'GYof] . ug{ ;lsof];\ . To;kl5
cUnf] cfsfz 6fj/df lyP . pgn] /f]dg Sofn]G8/ kl5 /f]dg ;fd|fHosf] csf]{ jif{ O;fk"j{ $%
cfltzafhL u/] / pT;j kl/jt{g u/] / dfr{sf] ;§f pynk'ynsf] kmfObf p7fpFb} b]lv hgj/L ! df gofF jif{
dgfP . hgj/Laf6 gofF jif{ dgfpg] /f]dg ;]gfsf hg/n dgfpg yflnof] .
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sf]zL k|b]zdf b'O{ nfv ^% xhf/ ;fdgf a}+lsª k'/:sf/

lszf]/LnfO{ PreLkL vf]k lbOFb} aLPg 3tL{nfO{
cfly{s ;+jfbbftf ;d"xsf k|b]zsf sl/a b'O{ clws[t e08f/Lsf cg';f/ ul/g]5 . xfn emfkf, df]/ª, ;'g;/L 5}gÚ, pgn] eg], …t/
emfkf, k'; !^ nfv ^% xhf/ lszf]/LnfO{ cfufdL df3sf] # ut]leq cfufdL df3 !@ b]lv !% / wgs'6fdf cfjZos k|rf/ vf]k ;a} nlIft lszf]/ Lx¿df
PreLkL vf]k nufpg] tof/L lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{nodfkm{t ut]leq lhNnf vf]k ;dGjo ;fdu|Lx¿ k'lu;s]sf] / k'¥ofpg r' gf} tL 5 . o;sf
sf]zL k|b]z ;/sf/n] k"/f ePsf] atfP . pgsf ;a} j8f, :yfgLo txsf ;ldlt / ;~rf/sdL{aLr afFsL lhNnfdf tLg lbgleq /fhgLlts bn, ;fdflhs
lszf]/LnfO{ kf7]3/sf] cg';f/ cfufdL df3 @# :jf:YosdL{x¿nfO{ af]nfP/ cled'vLs/0f ul/g] / k'¥ofOg] pgn] atfP . If] q, :yfgLojf;Lsf]
d'vsf] SofG;/lj?4 …Xo'dg ut]b]lv ;a} vf]k s]Gb|af6 vf]k s]Gb| lgwf{/0f ug]{ / !% b]lv !* ut]leqdf vf]knfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ;xof] usf] ck]Iff
kflknf]df efO/; EoflS;gÚ vf]k ;~rfng x'g]5 . k|rf/nfO{ tLj| agfpg a[xt\ :yfgLo tx, j8f vf]k / ;dGjo ug{ k|b]z :jf:Yo u/]sf 5f}F .Ú ljBfnoaflx/
-PrkLeL_ vf]k nufpg] tof/L k|b]zsf !$ j6} lhNnfsf of]hgf;lxt cled'vLs/0f ;dGjo ;ldlt / ljBfno lgb]{zfgno, cfk"lt{ Joj:yfkg /x]sf lszf]/Lx¿ clwsf+ z
k"/f ePsf] hgfPsf] 5 . :jf:Yo k|d'v / s]xL :yfgLo ul/g]5 . df3 $ b]lv lzIfs, :jod;]ljsfx¿dfem s]Gb| / vf]k ;fem]bf/ lgsfo lk5l8Psf, ul/aLsf
:jf:Yo lgb]{zgfno txx¿nfO{ d+l;/ @# b]lv @^ !@ ut]leqdf k|b]zsf ;a} cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd to 8An'Prcf] jf6/ x]8nufotsf rk]6fd'lgsf x' Fbf pgLx¿sf]
wgs'6fsf vf]k clws[t ut];Dd b'O{ ;d"xdf /fv]/ :yfgLo txdf cled'vLs/0f ePsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . df3 6f]nL ;xhLs/0fsf nflu klxrfg u/L vf] k s]Gb|;Dd
e/t e08f/Ln] sIff ^ b]lv k|b]z:t/sf] cled'vLs/0f ;s]/ j8f txsf !) ut]leqdf ;a} lhNnfdf lhNnfx¿df kl/rfng Nofpg :jf:YosdL{n ] dfq
!) ;Dd / ljBfnoaflx/ sfo{qmd k|bfg ul/Psf] :jf:YosdL{nfO{ vf]ksf vf]k k'¥ofO;lsg] vf]k ul/;lsPsf] pgn] atfP . g;Sg] x' Fbf ;a}sf] ;xof]u
/x]sf !) b]lv !$ jif{ pd]/ pgn] hfgsf/L lbP . vf]k nflu cfjZos tflnd k|bfg clws[t e08f/Lsf] egfO 5 . …k| b] zdf vf] ksf] sdL cfjZos /x]sf] pgn] atfP .

cfly{s ;+jfbbftf k|flKtdf ;d]t uPsf 5g\ .

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u'7Ln] @)*! ;fnsf] &% ljifonfO{ ljZn]if0ffTds¿kdf
xhf/ ¿k}ofF /f;Lsf] ;fdgf k|:t't ul/Psf], a}+s tyf
a}+lsª k'/:sf/ a}+lsª lj1 ljQLo ;+:yfn] la/fPsf
aLPg 3tL{nfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] af6fx¿sf s]nfpFb} cfufdL
5 . pQm k':ts a}+lsª PG8 lbgdf to ug'{kg]{ ljifonfO{
OG:of]/]G; k|flnn] k|sfzg Jofjxfl/s ;'emfj lbOPsf],
u/]sf] lyof] . pgnfO{ pgn] a}+sx¿n] cTolws sdfPsf
n]v]sf] k':ts a}+lsª cg'zf;g 5g\ eGg] e|dnfO{ tYofª\sx¿
lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu k':tssf pNn]v ub}{ lrg{ vf]lhPsf],
nflu k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] ;~rfng hf]lvdnfO{ ljz]if
xf] . sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly k|fyldstf;fy p7fg ul/Psf],
:jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqL ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f;DaGwL
k|bLk kf}8]nn] ;Ddfg ub}{ cg'kfngfsf nflu
k'/:sf/ k|bfg u/]sf lyP . ug'{kg]{ sfo{nfO{ ljz]if¿kdf
k|f8f ljZjDe/ kf]v/]n, p7fg ul/Psf] cflb sf/0fn]
k|f8f uf]ljGb g]kfn / a}+s/ 3tL{nfO{ pQm k'/:sf/ k|bfg
tyf ;flxTosf/ s[i0f k|wfg ug{ l;kmfl/; ul/Psf]
/x]sf] d"Nofª\sg ;ldltn] pQm d"Nofª\sg ;ldltsf ;b:o
k'/:sf/ 3tL{nfO{ k|bfg ug{sf s[i0f k|wfgn] atfP .
nflu l;kmfl/; u/]sf] lyof] . 3tL{n] n]v]sf] k':ts
g]kfn a+unfb]z a}+s, PgcfO{;L k|8S6sf b[li6sf]0faf6 pTs[i6
a}+s / ls:6 a}+sdf ;d]t sfd /x]sf], ;d]l6Psf / ljZn]if0f
u/]sf aLPg 3tL{ lsi6 a}+ssf] ul/Psf ljifo cToGt} ;fGble{s
sfd' k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t /x]sf] / ljifo j:t'nfO{ cToGt}
;d]t eP/ sfo{ u/]sf lyP . ldlxg tl/sfn] s]nfOPsfn]
lsi6 a}+s k|e' a}+sdf uflePkl5 cfkm"x¿n] k'/:sf/sf nflu
:j}lR5s cjsfz lnPsf 3tL{n] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] d"Nofª\sg
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf ;ldltsf csf{ ;b:o s[i0f
;~rfns ;ldlt, pRr k|wfgn] atfP .
Joj:yfkg / cGo sd{rf/LnfO{ g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf
tflnd lbg] / gLlt, sfo{ljlw, k"j{ueg{/x¿ u0f]zaxfb'/ yfkf
/0fgLlts of]hgf cflb agfpg / 8f= ltns /fjn, sf7df8f}+
k/fdz{ lbg] sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf ljZj ljBfnosf /lhi6«f/
5g\ . k|f= 8f= cRo't jfUn]nufotsf
pgsf] k/fdz{df cltlyx¿sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf]
s]xL ljQLo ;+:yf ;d:ofu|:t pQm sfo{qmdsf] ;efkltTj
cj:yfaf6 aflx/ kms]{sf 5g\ u'7Lsf cWoIf 8f= /]jtaxfb'/
/ s]xL ljQLo ;+:yf dh{/ sfsL{n] u/]sf lyP .
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Unf]an cfO{PdO{ a}+s sf/f]af/ ;~rfngsf] !* jif{df

cfly{s ;+jfbbftf tyf Jofhsf] c;'nL gePsf ljk|i] f0f cfk|jfxn] d'ns
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sf7df8f}+, k'; !^ sf/0fn] ut cfly{s jif{h:t} ;dli6ut cfly{s :yfloTj,
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Unf]an cfO{PdO{ a}s+ n] v'b gfkmfdf ;ª\sr' g cfPsf] afXo If]q ;Gt'ng ;d]tdf
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfngsf] !* 5. k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf nflu
jif{ k"/f u/]sf] 5 . a}s
+ n] oxL rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] k|yd ;f] k|z; + fkq k|fKt ePsf]
k'; !* ut] Jofj;flos¿kdf q}df;sf] k|ult /fi6« a}s + n] pNn]v
ljQLo sf/f]af/ ;~rfngsf] !* rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] k|yd u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn /fi6« a}s + n]
jif{ k"/f ug{ nfu]sf] xf] . o; q}df; ;Dddf a}s + sf] lgIf]kdf x/]s jif{ cfkm\gf] jflif{sf]T;jsf]
cjlwdf Unf]an cfO{PdO{ a}s + @$ bzdnj %! ca{n] j[l4 eO{ pknIodf ;jf{lws /]ld6\ofG;
cfkm";lxt ;~rfngdf /x]sf kfFr ;o @( bzdnj #* ca{ leq\ofpg] a}s + tyf ljQLo
@) j6f jfl0fHo a}s + x¿dWo]df k'us] f]] 5, eg] shf{ nufgLtkm{ ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;f] ;Ddfg k|bfg
;a}eGbf 7"nf] a}s+ , ;a}eGbf klg @& bzdnj *^ ca{n] ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
a9L zfvf ;~hfn / && j6} j[l4 eO{ rf/ ;o !* bzdnj u|fxs ;DaGw
lhNnfdf zfvf ePsf] a}s + , ^# ca{ k'us ] f]] 5 . rfn' jif{sf] a}s
+ sf] u|fxs ;ªVofdf
;a}eGbf a9L s/ ltg]{ a}s + sf] k|yd q}df; cjlwdf a+s } n] Ps lg/Gt/ j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . xfn
¿kdf cfkm\gf] kl/ro :yflkt ;o %! s/f]8eGbf a9L v'b a}l+ sª ;]jfdf hf]8 lbg] ePsf] Joj;fosf] Pp6f k|dv ' / o; a+s} sf] lgIf]k u|fxs ;ª\Vof
u/]sf] 5 . o;afx]s Unf]an d'gfkmf cfh{g ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . h;af6 ;]o/wgLx¿nfO{ e/kbf]{ cfwf/ ;d]t xf] . sl/a %) nfveGbf a9L k'us ] f]
cfO{PdO{ a}s+ Pp6f To:tf] 5 . rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] plrt k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g] ;+;f/e/ ljleGg /fi6«df ;xif{ hfgsf/L u/fpg rfxG5' .
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+ xf], h;n] g]kfn /fi6« q}df;sf] cGtdf a}s + sf] lgis[o ljZjf; a}s + n] lnPsf] 5 . /x]sf a}s+ sf cflwsfl/s dh{/ tyf Joj;fosf] lg/Gt/
a}s+ n] ljQLo If]qnfO{ ;jn, shf{ rf/ bzdnj ^& k|ltzt xl/t tyf lbuf] ljsf;sf k|ltlglwx¿sf] ;fy} lj:tf/sf] sf/0f j[l4 x'bF }
;kmn / k|efjsf/L agfpg sfod ePsf]n] shf{ c;'nLnfO{ nflu sfod ul/Psf /fli6«o :jb]zL / ljb]zL Jofj;flos uO/x]sf] a}s
+ sf] u|fxs ;ª\Vofdf
NofPsf] dh{/ tyf k|flKt;DaGwL k|efjsf/L¿kdf sfof{Gjog tyf cGt/f{li6«o nIonfO{ ;fem]bf/x¿;Fusf] ;xsfo{af6 lg/Gt/ j[l4 sfod /fVb} ;Dk"0f{
gLltnfO{ ;kmn¿kdf ug{k' g]{ / cfufdL lbgdf cfTd;fy ub}{ lbuf], Go"g xfn;Dd ljZjsf ljleGg u|fxssf] ;]jf tyf ;Gt'li6nfO{
sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] a}s + klg shf{sf] u'0f:t/df ljz]if Wofg sfa{g, j[Qfsf/ cy{tGqsf] d'ns' af6 pNn]Vo dfqfdf k|fyldstfdf /fvL a+s } sf] u|fxs
xf] . Unf]an cfO{PdO{ a+s } lbFb} cufl8 a9\gk' g]{ cj:yf lbzfdf ;xof]ul;4 x'g] u/L /]ld6\ofG; leq\ofpFb} cfPsf] ;]jfnfO{ cEfm} k|efjsf/L agfpFb}
sf/0f /fi6« a}s+ sf] dh{/ tyf /x]sf] 5 . Joj;fo ;~rfng / shf{ a}s
+ n] hgfPsf] 5 . cfufdL n}hfg] gLlt cjnDag ug]5 { f}F .
k|flKt;DaGwL gLlt ;kmn ePsf] efjL sfo{qmd k|jfx ug]{ ultljlwnfO{ yk jif{ o; a}s+ dfkm{t lelqg] cy{tGqdf of]ubfg
xf] . Unf]an cfOPdO{ a}s + n] cfufdL lbgdf k|j4{g ul/g] a}s + n] hgfPsf] /]ld6\ofG;nfO{ yk j[l4 ug{ ;dLIff jif{df a}s
+ n] g]kfn
cfkm\g} ;+:yfdf dfq ;fgf 7"nf u|fxsx¿nfO{ pTs[i6, 5 . n}lËs Pj+ ;fdflhs /]ld6\ofG; ahf/ lj:tf/ tyf ;/sf/nfO{ ;+:yfut cfos/
;d]t u/L Ps bh{g a}s + tyf ljZjfl;nf], e/kbf]{ ;]jf k|bfg ;dfj]lztf / jftfj/0fLo ;'/Iff Joj:yfkgnfO{ cem k|efjsf/L / ;|ft] df s/ s§L u/L 5
ljQLo ;+:yfx¿nfO{ dh{/ tyf ug],{ ;]o/wgLx¿nfO{ plrt sfod x'g] u/L lbuf] ljsf;sf] agfpg] gLlt a}s + n] lnPsf] ca{eGbf a9Lsf] of]ubfg
k|flKt ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 eg] k|ltkmn lbg], /fli6«o tyf nIonfO{ yk 6]jf k'¥ofpg] 5. u/]sf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm
csf]t{ km{ cGo ;+:yfx¿nfO{ klg cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf a}s + sf] x]tn ' ] s]Gb|Lo:t/df a}s + n] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o cjf8{ lgoldt / ;]jf ;Demf}tfdfkm{t\
dh{/ tyf k|flKtdfk{mt ;an ;fvdf clej[l4 x'g] / xl/t tyf lbuf] a}l+ sª OsfO{ tyf ;Ddfgx¿ #* ;o hgfeGbf a9L
aGg k|/] 0ff tyf xf};nf lbPsf] cu|0fL a}s+ sf] ¿kdf :yflkt :yfkgf u/L sfo{qmd cufl8 Unf]an cfOPdO{ ljleGg g]kfnL gful/sx¿nfO{ k|ToIf
5. ug]{ u/L efjL sfo{sd| x¿ a9fO/x]sf]df ;f] sfo{nfO{ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ k|bfg u/]sf]
Unf]an cfOPdO{ a}s+ sf] kl5Nnf] ;~rfng ul/g] 5 . a}s + n] lg/Gt/tf lbO{ g]kfnsf] ;+:yfx¿af6 km/skm/s ljwfdf a}s + n] hgfPsf] 5 . e"sDkdf
ljQLo cj:yf u|fxsd}qL cTofw'lgs l8lh6n cu|0fL a}s + sf] ¿kdf :yflkt ;Ddflgt x'bF } cfPsf] 5 . hgwgsf] Iflt ePsf, km/s
Unf]an cfO{PdO{ a}s+ sf] gjk|j4{g ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ ug]÷{ u/fpg] gLlt lng] ePsf] a}s + ckm b Oo/ @)!$, a]i6 Ifdtf ePsf afnaflnsf,
@)*) c;f/ d;fGtsf] k|fyldstfdf /fVb} cfPsf] 5 5. OG6/g]6 a}s + @)!^, ;g @)@@ ljBfyL{nfO{ lbjf vfhf,
t'ngfdf @)*! c;f/ / eljiodf ;d]t yk cfofdx¿ a}s+ n] yk Eofn' P8]8 df o'/f]df]gL cjf8{, b a]:6 v]ns'b, dxfdf/L lgoGq0f
d;fGtdf a}s + sf] k'h
F L, lgIf]k, ;d]6L u|fxsnfO{ k|efjsf/L ;le{;h ] tyf k|f8] S6 ahf/df a}s + g]kfnnufotsf cjf8{x¿ nufotsf] If]qdf ;dLIff jif{df
nufgLdf ;Gtf]ifhgs j[l4 ;]jf k'¥ofpg] nIo lnPsf k'¥ofpg] sfo{of]hgf agfPsf] k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . ;fy}, a}s + n] ;ft s/f]8 !( nfv a/fa/sf]
ePsf] 5 eg] shf{ k|jfxdf 5f}F . e/kbf]{ / ljZjfl;nf] 5 . lgIf]k tyf shf{sf cfGtl/s¿kdf cfly{s jif{ a}s
+ n] of]ubfg u/]sf] ;"rgfdf
pNn]Vo j[l4 x'g ;s]sf] l8lh6ndf cfwfl/t ;j{;n ' e ljleGg k|f8] S6x¿sf] ;"Id @)&(÷*) df ;a}eGbf w]/} pNn]v 5 . a}s + n] cfly{s
5}g . PkmkLcf] hf/L ubf{ a}l+ sªn] ;]jfu|fxL / ;]jf cWoog tyf ljZn]if0f u/L @! bzdnj Ps k|ltzt jif{ @)*)÷*! sf] ljt/0fof]Uo
tyf xsk|b ;]o/ hf/LkZrft k|bfos b'js } f] ;do / k};f cfjZostfcg'¿k yk kl/dfh{g /]ld6\ofG; leq\ofPsf] lx;fan] d'gfkmf tyf k'h F L ;dfof]hg
lnnfd u/L laqmL ul/Psf art x'gs ' f] ;fy} a}s
+ sf] dfgj ug]{ tyf gofF k|f8] S6sf] ljsf; ;Ddflgt ePsf] 5 . ljZjd} sf]if ;d]taf6 ;]o/wgLx¿nfO{
;]o/af6 ;+sng ul/Psf] ;]o/ ;+;fwgsf] nfut ;d]t 36\g u/L sfof{Gjog ub}{ hfg] Vofltk|fKt o'/f]dgL Dofu]lhgn] a}s+ sf] r'Qmf k"h
F L #^ ca{ !@
lk|ldodsf] /sd / lgsfox¿ hfg] ljZjf; /x]sf] 5 . of]hgf agfPsf] 5 . xfn} k|To]s jif{ ljQLo If]qsf s/f]8 *& nfv &) xhf/
Ps cfk;df ufleFbf, ;]o/ a}s+ sf] efjL /0fgLlt tyf a}s
+ n] k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t Unf]an ljz]if1af6 ulx/f] cWoog b'O{ ;o %@ ¿k}ofF_ sf] kfFr
:jfksf] sf/0f ufleg'kj" s { f] sfo{of]hgfx¿ h'lgo/ Pk tyf ;]o/lwtf] b|t" tyf ljZn]if0f u/fO{ tf]lsPsf] bzdnj kfFr k|ltzt cyf{t\
k'h F L / uflePkZrft sfod …;a}sf] nflu a}s + Ú eGg] shf{ sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] dfkb08 k"/f ug]{ a}s + nfO{ cIf/]kL Ps ca{ (* s/f]8 &)
ePsf] k'h F Lsf] leGgtfsf] /sd gf/fnfO{ Jojxf/df g} ¿kfGt/0f 5 . a}s + n] k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t ljljw ljwfdf o'/f]dgL cjf8{ nfv *@ xhf/ tLg ;o ^#
-k'h F Lut hu]8f sf]if_af6 ug{ :jb]z tyf ljb]zdf a}l+ sª ;]jfnfO{ k|fyldstf k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf]df g]kfnaf6 ¿k}ofF / *^ k};f dfq_ nfef+;
cfly{s jif{ @)&*÷&( ;Dd /x]sf ljleGg zfvf tyf /fv]sf] 5 . Unf]an cfOPdO{ a}s + …b a]:6 af]g; ;]o/sf] ¿kdf ljt/0f
lxtflwsf/LnfO{ ljt/Lt nfef+z cGo ;]jf s]Gb| / k|ltlglw 3/]n' sRrf a}s+ Og g]kfn @)@$–a]:6 a}s + ug{ k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .
/sdnfO{ s/ k|of]hgsf sfof{nodfkm{t ljQLo If]qdf kbfy{df cfwfl/t ;fgf / km/ O{P;hL -OGefo/f]dG] 6n, ;+:yfut ;'zf;g
nflu cfodf ;dfj]z u/L kx'rF lj:tf/ ub}{ cufl8 a9\g] demf}nf pBf]usf] ljsf;af6 ;f]l;on PG8 ueg]G{ ;_af6 a}s
+ df ;+:yfut ;'zf;g
s/ bflvn ug'k{ g]{ ljjfb nIo ;kmntfpGd'v /x]sf] dfq d'ns ' sf] cy{tGqnfO{ ;Ddflgt ePsf] 5 . sfod /fVg] ljifodf ;~rfns
;Ddflgt ;jf]R{ r cbfnt;Dd a}s + sf] 7DofO 5 . xfn a}s + n] rnfodfg agfpg ;lsG5 To;}u/L Unf]an ;ldlt tyf Joj:yfkg ;b}j
k'uL, k'hF Lut hu]8f /sd / b]zsf && j6} lhNnfdf zfvf eGg]df ;a} cy{zf:qL, kmfOgfG;–a]:6 a}s + cjf8{ k|lta4 /x]sf] 5 . a}s + sf]
;]o/ lk|ldodsf] /sd ;d]tdf sfof{no, zfvf/lxt a}l+ sª Joj;foLaLr ;dfg ljrf/ @)@$ af6 ;d]t ;Ddflgt lj:tfl/t sf/f]af/ tyf zfvf
Psd'i7 Ps ca{ #@ s/f]8 #( ;]jf, P6LPd, PS;6]G;g / 5 . oxL dfGotfnfO{ cfTdaf]w ePsf] 5 . ljZj;lgotf, ;~hfnnfO{ b[li6ut u/L
nfv ^! xhf/ tLg ;o *! cGo sfpG6/;d]t u/L s'n ub}{ a}s + n] o; If]qsf] shf{ ljQLo ;|ft] kl/rfng, kx'rF ;+:yfut ;+/rgfdf ;do ;fk]If
¿k}ofF yk /sd s/sf] ¿kdf Ps xhf/ Ps ;o ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ k|fyldstfdf lj:tf/, /0fgLlts ;DaGw kl/jt{gnufot ;'zf;gdf
;/sf/nfO{ a'emfpg k/]sfn] s]Gb|dfkm{t sl/a %) nfv /fVb} cfPsf] 5 . To:t}, :yfkgf, Jofj;flos tyf klg Wofg s]lGb|t ub}{ cfPsf
a}s+ sf] hu]8f tyf sf]ifsf] u|fxsnfO{ a}l+ sª ;]jf k|bfg lgIf]k ;+sngsf] xsdf klg u|fxsd}qL ;]jfx¿sf] ljsf;, 5f}F+ . ;+:yfut ;'zf;gsf]
/sddf k|efj kg{ uPsf] 5 . ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . d'ns ' e/ hg;fwf/0fs} artnfO{ nlIft qm]l86 /]l6ªnufotsf cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08x¿,
cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷*! df cem} klg 7"nf] ;+Vofdf a}l+ sª ub}{ cfPsf] / o;nfO{ g} dfkb08df Unf]an cfOPdO{ c;n cEof;nufot cGo
a}s
+ n] ;~rfng d'gfkmf cf7 kx'rF aflx/ /x]sf hgtfnfO{ a}s + sf] cfwf/e"t ;|ft] sf] ¿kdf a}s + ;g\ @)@$ sf nflu dfu{bz{gx¿ ;d]t k"0f{kfng
;o *^ bzdnj &# s/f]8 a}l+ sª ;]jf k|bfg ub}{ n}hfg] dxTj lbPsf] a}s + n] hgfPsf] g]kfnsf] pTs[i6 a}s + ePsf] xf] ub}{ cfPsf 5f}F+ . o;sf
/ s/kl5sf] d'gfkmf 5 ;o gLlt a}s + sf] k|fyldstfdf 5 . 5 . of] gLltnfO{ cfufdL / Unf]an kmfOgfG;sf] k|ltli7t ;fy}, ;~rfns ;ldltsf ;a}
!# bzdnj &$ s/f]8 xfl;n cfufdL ;dodf a}s + n] cfly{s jif{df ;d]t lg/Gt/tf cjf8{af6 ;Ddflgt x'g] klxnf] ;b:ox¿ Pj+ sd{rf/Lx¿n]
ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . cfly{s lbuf] Jofj;flos j[l4sf nflu lbOg] a}s + sf] egfO 5 . g]kfnL a}s + ;d]t xf] . /fli6«o g]kfn /fi6« a}s + af6 tf]lsPsf]
jif{ @)*)÷*! df a}s + sf] v'b cfkm\gf] jflif{s Jofj;flos d'ns ' e/ ljsf;sf] s/ lbj; @)*) sf] cj;/df cfr/0f;DaGwL Joj:yfx¿sf]
Jofh cfDbfgL ut jif{eGbf @% sfo{of]hgf cg'¿ksf /0fgLltx¿ k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f;DaGwL sfo{ a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yftkm{ k"0f{ kl/kfng ul/cfPsf 5fF+} .
s/f]8n] sdL ePsf] 5 eg] lkm sfof{Gjog ub}{ hfg]5 . o;sf lg/Gt/¿kdf j[l4 eO/x]sf] ;a}eGbf a9L cfo s/ bflvnf a}s
+ sf] lj:tfl/t Joj;fo tyf
z'Ns tyf ;~rfng cfDbfgLdf nflu a}s + n] lgIf]ktkm{ rNtL / / k"jf{wf/ ljsf; d'ns ' sf] ug]{ a}s + sf] ¿kdf g]kfn cGo ;~rfng ultljlwx¿sf]
eg] Ps ;o !@ bzdnj && art vftfdf hf]8 lbFb5 } eg] tLgj6} txsf ;/sf/sf] ;/sf/, cfGtl/s /fh:j cfwf/df cfGtl/s
s/f]8n] j[l4 ePsf] 5 . To:t}, shf{ k|jfxtkm{ ;fgf demf}nf k|fyldstfdf ePsf] kl/k|I] odf ljefun] Unf]an cfOPdO{ lgoGq0fnufot cGo kIfx¿sf]
;~rfng vr{tkm{ klg Ps ;o shf{, pkef]Uo shf{, ;/sf/sf] ;f] cj;/nfO{ ;b'kof]u a}snfO{ ;Ddflgt u/]sf] 5 . sfof{GjognfO{ ;do ;fIf]k
cf7 bzdnj $^ s/f]8n] j[l4 k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf If]qnfO{ ug]u{ /L lgdf{0f Joj;foLx¿sf] w]/} ljk|i] f0f leq\ofpg] a}s
+ sf] x'g] u/L yk dhj't agfpg'sf
ePsf] 5 . k|fyldstf k|bfg ug]{ gLlt cfjZostf / ;'ljwfnfO{ Wofgdf ¿kdf ;Ddflgt ;fy} sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{Ifdtf
;dLIff cjlwdf a}s + sf] lnPsf] 5 . To:t}, a}lsª ;]jf /fvL cfk;L ;xsfo{nfO{ cfly{s jif{ @)&(÷*) df cem ;an agfpgsf
v'b d'gfkmfdf %% bzdnj z'Nsdf cfwfl/t cfDbfgLdf k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 . ;a}eGbf w]/} @! bzdnj Ps nflu a}s + sf] ;+u7g tflnsf
^( s/f]8n] sdL cfPsf] 5 . ;d]t hf]8 lbg] 5 . a}s + n] ljk|i] f0f -/]ld6\ofG;_ k|ltzt ljk|i] f0f -/]ld6\ofG;_ tyf kbflwsf/Lx¿ sfd /
shf{sf] Go"g dfu, clws lgIf]kstf{, C0fL / ;]o/wgL g]kfnsf] cy{tGqsf] d]?b08 leq\ofpg] a}s+ sf] ¿kdf o; lhDd]jf/Ldf cfjZostfcg';f/
t/ntf / ck]Iffcg';f/sf] shf{ tLg} kIfnfO{ nfe x'g] u/L x'gs ' f ;fy} o; a}s + sf] a}s
+ ;Ddflgt ePsf] 5 . x]/km]/ ul/Fb} cfPsf] 5 .

dxfnIdL ljsf; a}+s s0ff{nL k|b]zcGtu{tsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ 5fqj[lQ k|bfg

cfly{s ;+jfbbftf ;f]xLcGtu{t dxfnIdL ljsf; 5 . o; lsl;dsf] sfo{af6 k};fsf]
sf7df8f}+, k'; !^ a}+sn] s0ff{nL k|b]zcGtu{t !) cefjaf6 s'g} klg ljwfyL{x¿sf] pRr
lhNNffsf ;/sf/L ljBfnoaf6 lzIff xfl;n ug{ rfxgfdf ultzLntf
dxfnIdL ljsf; a}+sn] lzIff, dfWolds lzIff k/LIff -P;O{O{_ kf; k|bfg ug{ s]xL xb;Dd eP klg
:Jff:Yo, b}jL k|sf]k Joj:yfkg, u/L sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf Kn; 6' ;xof]u k'Ug] ljZjf; a}+sn] lnPsf]
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, ;+f:s[lts k|j4{g, tyf k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos 5 .
k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f÷;'wf/, lbuf] ljsf; tflnd kl/ifb -;L6LO{eL6L_cGtu{t a}+sn] xfn} u|fxsx¿nfO{
nIo, dfgj ;]jf tyf k/f]ksf/ l8Knf]df cWoog ug{ rfxg] t/ 3/sf] cTofw'lgs, ;'/lIft tyf ;xh
sfo{h:tf ljleGg If]qx¿df ;+:yfut cfly{s cj:yf gfh's ePsf ul/a l8lh6n a}+lsª ;'ljwf pknAw
;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjcGtu{t sfo{qmd tyf h]x]Gbf/ ljwfyL{x¿nfO{ s0ff{nL cfh a}+ssf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf u/fpg] a}+ssf] gLltadf]lhd df]afOn
;~rfng ug]{ gLltcg'¿k a}+sn] ljleGGg k|b]z ko{6sLo tyf ;f+:s[lts ;+/If0f cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmdsf aLr PlKns];gnfO{ kl/is[t ub}{ …dxfnIdL
sfo{qmdx¿ ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . s]Gb|, sflnsf]6;Fusf] ;dGjodf 5fqj[lQ a/fa/sf] /sd k|bfg ul/Psf] :df6{ ;fyLÚ ;~rfngdf NofPsf] 5 .
 ljljw @)*! k'; !& ut] a'waf/ (
xjfO{ ofq'sf] ;+Vofdf j[l4
sf7df8f}F, k'; !^ .
d'n'ssf tLg cGt/f{li6«o
ljdfg:yndf cfGtl/s tyf
cGt/f{li6«o xjfO{ ofq'sf]
;+Vofdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
J@NIQJIXOVSeRJ
k|flws/0fsf] tYofª\scg';f/
;g\ @)@$ df cl3Nnf] jif{sf]
t'ngfdf cfGtl/stkm{ !#
k|ltzt / cGt/f{li6«o xjfO{
ofq'sf] ;+Vof ;ft bzdnj
gf} k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] xf] .
k|flws/0fsf] @^ cf}F
jflif{sf]T;jsf] cj;/df jflif{s
k|ult ljj/0f k|:t't ub}{
k|flws/0fsf dxflgb]{zs k|bLk
clwsf/Ln] tLg cGt/f{li6«o
ljdfg:yn eP/ cfGtl/s
p8fgtkm{ ;g\ @)@$ sf]
gf]e]Da/;Dd s'n *& nfv
^) xhf/ tLg ;o b'O{nfO{
xjfO{ ofq'n] ofqf u/]sf]
hfgsf/L lbP . ;g\ @)@#
sf] gf]e]Da/;Dd s'n &&
nfv xjfO{ ofq'n] ofqf
u/]sf lyP . To;}u/L ;g\
@)@$ df cGt/f{li6«o xjfO{
ofq'sf] ;+Vof ;ft bzdnj
gf} k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf]
5 . gf]e]Da/;Dd cGt/f{li6«o
xjfO{ ofq'sf] ;+Vof s'n
$$ nfv $( xhf/ Ps;o
## k'u]sf] xf] . g]kfndf
xfn lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o
ljdfg:yn, uf}tda'4
cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn /
kf]v/f cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn
;~rfngdf 5g\ . s"n %%
j6f ljdfg:yndWo] #% j6f
ljdfg:yn cfGtl/s xjfO{
;]jf ;~hfndf hf]l8Psf
5g\ .
g]kfndf p8fg ug]{
cGt/f{li6«o jfo';]jf sDkgLsf]
;+Vof ;g\ @)@# df
@( /x]sfdf xfn @)@$ df
le:tf/f Po/nfOG; Po/
OlG8ofdf dh{ ePkZrft\
of] ;+Vof @* ePsf] 5 .
g]kfnaf6 !^ b]zsf @( j6f
cGt/f{li6«o uGtJodf lgoldt
p8fg eO/x]sf] 5 .
cfGtl/stkm{ eg] ;~rfng
cg'dlt k|fKt hDdf @! j6f
jfo';]jfdWo] xfn lqmofzLn
jfo';]jf sDkgLx¿sf] ;+Vof
!( /x]sf] 5 . dxflgb]{zs
clwsf/Ln] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f
/ xjfO{ ;'/Iffdf ljz]if
Wofg lbPsf] atfP . pgsf
cg';f/ lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o
ljdfg:ynsf] :jLs[t
u'¿of]hgfadf]lhd ljdfg:ynsf]
;Lldt If]qkmnnfO{ clwstd
pkof]u u/L ljdfg:ynsf]
Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{nfO{
k|fyldstf lbOPsf] 5 .
ljdfg:ynsf] Ifdtf lj:tf/sf
nflu pQ/tkm{ sl/a !*
j6f;Dd cGt/f{li6«o jfo'ofg
la;fg ug{ ;lsg] jfo'ofg
la;fg If]q / 6\ofS;L j]sf]
lgdf{0f sfo{ hf/L /x]sf]
clwsf/Ln] hfgsf/L lbP .
lqe'jg ljdfg:ynsf]
cfGtl/s tyf cGt/f{li6«o
6ld{gn ejgsf cfjfudg
If]qx¿nufot ljdfg:ynleqsf
ljleGg :yfgdf cTofw'lgs
ljB'tLo pks/0fx¿
;~rfngdf NofOPsf] 5 .
ljdfg:ynsf] /gj] b'O{tkm{sf]
tLg ;o !% ld6/ nDafOdf
Pk|f]r af]8{ tyf kmfo/ PlSh6
lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] ;fy}
NofG8;fO8 If]qdf sl/a
Ps xhf/ rf/ ;o ju{ld6/
If]qkmndf kfls{ª If]q
lj:tf/ ul/Psf] 5 . lqe'jg
ljdfg:yndf o;} jif{ sflQs
@# ut]b]lv ljdfg:ynsf]
/flqsfnLg ck/];g cfj/
sd u/L lgdf{0f sfo{;d]t ;'¿
ePsf] 5 .
lghu9
cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn
cfof]hgf cfO{sfcf] sf]8
$PkmcGtu{t k"0f{ Ifdtfsf]
j}slNks cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf]
ljdfg:ynsf] u'¿of]hgf;Fu}
km]h–! sf] lgdf{0fsf nflu
l86]n OlGhlgol/ª l8hfOg
sfo{ ;DkGg eO;s]sf]
k|flws/0fn] hgfPsf] 5 .
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/fli6«o hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnfdf :tg ls;fgnfO{ cfn'sf] lap cefj

SofG;/sf] j+zf0f'ut k/LIf0f ;kmn
cfly{s ;+jfbbftf k|of]uzfnfn] SofG;/;DaGwL
sf7df8f}+, k'; !^ rf/ y/Lsf gd'gf k/LIf0f ;'af; a:g]t cfn"sf] d"Noj[l4 u/]sf sf/0f oxfFsf] sl/a tLg /f]kgLdf
lgoldt yk ug]{ ePsf] 5 . bf]nvf, k'; !^ ;d:ofdf k/]sf] ls;fgx¿n] cfn' v]tL x'Fb} cfPsf] :yfgLo
/fli6«o hg:jf:Yo ef/tdf :tg SofG;/sf] u'gf;f] 5 . /f]Kgsf nflu af/L ls;fg s[i0f v8\sfn] atfP .
k|of]uzfnfdf :tg j+zf0f'ut gd'gf k/LIf0fsf lhNnfsf] dflyNnf] If]qdf tof/ kf/]/ lapsf] vf]hL ubf{ jflif{s &) s/f]8 a/fa/sf]
SofG;/sf] j+zf0f'ut k/LIf0f nflu ^) xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd cfn' /f]Kg] ;do ;'? eP klg lhNnfd} lap cefj ePsf] csf{ cfn' pTkfbg x'g] bf]nvfdf
;kmn ePsf] 5 . xfn;Dd kg]{ u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} gd'gf cfn'sf] lap cefj x'Fbf ls;fg :yfgLo ls;fg dx]Gb| v8\sfn] o; jif{ w]/} If]qdf lap
g]kfndf ug{ g;lsPsf] :tg k7fpgsf nflu nfUg] ;do lrlGtt ag]sf 5g\ . cfn' /f]Kg] atfP . …ut jif{ /f]Kg] clGtd cefj ePsf] x'Fbf v]tL;Fu}
SofG;/sf] j+zf0f'ut k/LIf0f klg a9L nfUg] u/]sf] SofG;/ ;dodf d"No a9]kl5 ls;fgn] ;do df3df ;d]t lapsf] pTkfbg klg 36\g] ls;fgx¿
lhg l;Sj]lG;ª ca /fli6«o c:ktfnsf lrlsT;s ;xh¿kdf lap kfpg g;s]sf] d"No &) ¿k}ofF k'us
] f] lyof] t/ atfpF5g\ . cfn'sf] pTkfbsTj
hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnfaf6} x'g] atfpF5g\ . t/ k|of]uzfnfn] :yfgLo ls;fg hut axfb'/ clxn] ;'?d} lap d"No ()÷!)) j[l4sf nflu ;a}eGbf cfjZos
ePsf] 5 . eg] #) xhf/ ?k}ofFleq} vqLn] atfP . ?k}ofF k'u5
] 5 . t/ klg lap pGgt lap xf] t/ pGgt lap
o;cl3 o:tf] k/LIf0fsf k/LIf0f ug]{5 . g]kfndf jif{df ut jif{ tLg d'/L cfn' kfpg ;s]sf] 5}gÚ, pgn] eg] . cefj ePkl5 k'/fg} cfn'nfO{
nflu gd'gf b]zaflx/ sl/a b'O{ xhf/ hgfn] :tg /f]ks
] f pgn] o; jif{ lap ;DalGwt lgsfox¿n] lgodg lapsf] ¿kdf nufOPsf] 5 .
k7fpg'kg]{ afWotf lyof] . SofG;/sf] j+zf0f'ut k/LIf0f cefjsf sf/0f b'O{ d'/L dfq} gubf{ Jofkf/Lx¿n] dgk/L d"No :yfgLo ls;fgx¿sf cg';f/
:jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqL u/fpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . o; cfn' /f]Kg] of]hgf agfPsf 5g\ . /fv]sf] pgsf] u'gf;f] 5 . cGo s'/fx¿ ;fdfGo /x]
k|bLk kf}8]nn] b]zleq} o:tf] cfwf/df sl/a !@ s/f]8 pgn] cl3Nnf] ;fn k|lts]hL ^% ls;fgn] rf/}lt/ lap klg lap dfq pGgt k|of]u
k/LIf0fsf] Joj:yfsf nflu nflu k|fKt gd'gf k/LIf0f k/LIf0fsf nflu gd'gf ef/t ;lsPdf :tg SofG;/af6 ljb]lzgaf6 hf]lug] b]lvG5 . ?k}ofFdf pGgt hftsf] cfn'sf] cefj b]lvP klg cfkm}F pTkfbg ug]{ xf] eg] pTkfbgdf @)
k|of]uzfnfnfO{ lgb]{zg lbPsf ug{ ;Sg] k|of]uzfnf k|d'v tyf cGo b]zdf k7fpg'kg]{ JolQmsf kl/jf/nfO{ hf]ufpg :jf:Yo tyf hg;+VofdGqL lap lsg]sf lyP . t/ clxnf] u/]sf] :yfgLo cfn'nfO{ lapsf] b]lv $) k|ltzt;Dd j[l4
lyP . ;f]xLcg'¿k k|of]uzfnfn] /~hg/fh e§n] hfgsf/L afWotf lyof] . ;lsg] lrlsT;sx¿sf] egfO kf}8]nn] o;cl3 klg ;/sf/L ;f] cfn"sf] d"No a9]/ k|lts]hL ¿kdf /f]Kg ;'? u/]sf 5g\ . x'G5 . d'Vou/L lhNnfsf]
;kmntfk"j{s k/LIf0f u/]kl5 lbP . …o:tf] k/LIf0f klxnf] o:tf] k/LIf0fn] j+zf0f'ut 5 . aflx/ k7fpFbf ;do klg SofG;/ c:ktfndf ;Dej Ps ;o ?k}ofF k'us ] f] 5 . j}t]Zj/–$ sf] 7"nf]rf}/df !$ z}n'ª, d]n'ª, ds}af/L af]r,
j+zf0f'ut k/LIf0f ;Dej ePsf] k6s ;Dej ePsf] xf],Ú pgn] sf/0fn] x'g] :tg SofG;/ a9L nfUg] / z'Ns klg a9L gePsf SofG;/;DaGwL k/LIf0f lap kfpg klg d'l:sn /x]sf] 3/w'/L /x]sf 5g\ . oxfFsf ;a} sflnGrf]s, uf}/Lz+s/ vfjf,
xf] . ca /fli6«o hg:jf:Yo eg], …ca b]zaflx/ gd'gf x'g] ;Defjgf s'g} JolQm tyf ltg{'kg]{ ;d:of sd x'g] e§n] k|of]uzfnfdf u/fpg] lg0f{o / d"No klg a9]kl5 o; jif{ 3/w'/Lsf] d'Vo v]tL g} cfn' lh/L, u}l/d'bL, kf]v/L,
k|of]uzfnfn] b]zsf s'g} k7fpg'kb}{g .Ú o;cl3 :tg pgsf] kl/jf/df eP gePsf] hfgsf/L lbP . k|of]uzfnfn] u/]sf lyP . clxn] tL k/LIf0f v]tL g} 36fpg] ;f]rdf /x]sf]] xf] . o; jif{sf] ebf}df oxfFaf6 7'nrf}/, 7'nf]ag, kmfKn', Pjf],
klg efuaf6 k|fKt x'g] :tg SofG;/ cfkmGt jf gft]bf/df kQf nufpg]5 . ;f]xL cfwf/df /ut / l6:o'af6 o:tf] gd'gf lgoldt¿kdf /fli6«o hg:jf:Yo pgL atfpF5g\ . v]tL nufpg] sl/a Ps s/f]8 a/fa/sf] xfjfnufotsf ufpFdf cTolws
SofG;/sf] j+zf0f'ut k/LIf0fsf eP gePsf] kQf nufpg o:tf] k|f/lDes r/0fd} pkrf/ ug{ k/LIf0f ug]{ atfPsf] 5 . of];Fu} k|of]uzfnfn] ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . ;dodf Jofkf/Lx¿n] crfgs cfn' laqmL ePsf] lyof] . cfn' v]tL x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .

glan a}+ssf u|fxsnfO{ leefGtf xf]6ndf 5'6 g]kfn–ef/t ;+o'Qm

cfly{s ;+jfbbftf
sf7df8f}+, k'; !^
pkfWofo / leefGtf xf]6nsf] tkm{af6
dxfk|aGws /lj lgZrnn] ;dembf/Ldf
s]Gb|df /fv]/ of] ;dembf/L ul/Psf]
glansf] egfO 5 .
;}lgs cEof; z'?
x:tfIf/ u/]sf 5g\ . a}+sn] @$ nfv eGbf a9L
glan a}+s lnld6]8sf u|fxsn] ;dembf/Lcg';f/ glan a}+ssf ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ b'O{ ;o ^* zfvf /
leefGtf xf]6ndf pknAw x'g] ;]jf u|fxsn] glansf] 8]la6 sf8{, qm]l86 tLg ;o @) Pl6Pddfkm{t ;]jf k|bfg
;'ljwfdf ljz]if 5'6 kfpg] ePsf sf8{, Pg a}+s, P6LPd sf8{ tyf ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . glan a}+sn] $) jif{
5g\ . glan a}+s / leefGtf xf]6naLr a}+saf6 k};f 6«fG;km/ ubf{ !) b]lv g]kfnL a}+lsª If]qdf gjLgtd
ePsf] b'O{ kIfLo ;dembf/Lcg';f/ k|ltzt;Dd 5'6 lbOg] ePsf] 5 . glan a}+s g]kfnsf] Ps cu|0fL leefGtf xf]6n;Fusf] o; ;dembf/Ln] ;]jfx¿sf] ;'?jft ub}{ dxTjk"0f{
o:tf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] xf] . o:tf] 5'6 vfgf, k]o kbfy{ tyf jfl0fHo a}+s xf] eg] leefGtf xf]6n a}+ssf u|fxsx¿n] lng] ;]jf tyf e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . a}+sn] g]kfnsf]
glan a}+ssf] tkm{af6 km'nrf]sL :kf ;]jfdf x'g] ;dembf/Ldf pNn]v cfltYo ;]jf -xl:k6fln6L_ pBf]udf ;'ljwfdf ljz]if ;x'lnot k'Ug] glan a}+lsª ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg
Sn:6/ ljefu k|d'v cdTo{ cf]hZjL ul/Psf] 5 . ljlzi6 ;]jf lbg] kl/lrt ;+:yf xf] . a}+sn] hgfPsf] 5 . u|fxssf] lxtnfO{ k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 .
cfly{s ;+jfbbftf ;+o'Qm cEof; ;"o{ ls/0fsf]
sf7df8f}+, k'; !^ ;qf}F ;+:s/0f ef/tsf]
lkyf}/fu9df ;DkGg ePsf]
g]kfn–ef/t ;+oQ' m lyof] . lj;+ @)^& ;fnaf6
;}lgs cEof; …;'o{ ls/0fÚsf] g]kfn / ef/tdf jflif{s¿kdf
!* cf}F ;+:s/0f ;'? ePsf] cfnf]kfnf] u/L ;~rfng x'Fb}
5 . g]kfnL ;]gf / ef/tLo cfPsf] o; ;+o'Qm cEof;
;]gfaLr ;~rfng x'bF } cfPsf] xfn;Dd b'j} b]zdf u/L !&
;+oQ' m ;}lgs cEof; k6s ;~rfng eO;s]sf] 5 .
d+unaf/b]lv ?kGb]xLsf] cEof;df d'Votof
;fnem08Ll:yt g]kfnL ;}lgs ljkb\ Joj:yfkg,
Jof6n :s'ndf ;'? ePsf] xf] . k|ltlj|bf]x, k|ltcft+sjfb,
>L dWoklZrd k[tgfsf h+un o'4snf / dfgjLo
k[tgfklt pk/yL k|]daxfb'/ ;xof]unufotsf ljifox¿df b'O{
k'gn] Ps sfo{qmdsf aLr b]zsf ;}lgsx¿n] ;}4flGts,
pQm cEof;sf] z'ef/De u/]sf Jofjxfl/s / ljz]if cg'ejx¿sf]
lyP . g]kfnL ;]gfaf6 k|d'v cfbfg k|bfg ug]5 { g\ . o;
;]gfgL lg/fhg s6jfnsf] lsl;dsf] ;}lgs cEof;n] b'O{
g]t[Tjdf / ef/tLo ;]gfaf6 b]zaLr ;lbof}bF l] v /xFb} cfPsf]
s0f]{n hk]Gb/ kfn l;+xsf] d}qLk"0f{ kf/:kl/s ;DaGwnfO{
g]t[Tjdf 5 ;o ^* hgf cem k|uf9 agfpg'sf ;fy} b'j}
;}lgsx¿ ;f] cEof;df ;xefuL b]zsf] ;]gfsf ;snbhf{df
5g\ . pQm ;+o'Qm cEof; k]zfut l;ksf] ljsf; tyf
oxL k'; @( ut] ;DkGg x'g] cfk;L ;dembf/Ldf clej[l4
sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 . o;cl3 x'g] ljZjf; g]kfnL ;]gfn]
g]kfnL ;]gf / ef/tLo ;]gfsf] lnPsf] 5 .

gofF ko{6g gLlt hf/L ug]{ ;/sf/sf] tof/L

cfly{s ;+jfbbftf ;~rfng ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbP .
sf7df8f}+, k'; !^ ko{6g /fHodGqL
c?0fs'df/ rf}w/Ln] ko{6g
/Tggu/ gu/kflnsf ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf
JIXOVSeRJG*T/DE_/
pBf]usf] ljsf; / lj:tf/af6
g]kfnsf] cfly{s ljsf; ug{
gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no kf08]n] d'n'ssf] ko{6g If]qsf] ;lsg] atfpFb} o;sf nflu
/Tggu/, lrtjg ;du| ljsf;sf nfuL ;/sf/n] ;/f]sf/jfnf ;a}sf] ;xsfo{
afudtL k|b]z, g]kfn gofF ko{6g gLlt hf/L ug]{ cfjZos /x]sf] atfP .
tof/L u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . ko{6g dGqfnosf ;lrj 8f
cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng] cfzosf] ;"rgf g]kfn ko{6g af]8{sf] @^ u0f]zk|;fb kf08]n] af]8{n]
;"rgf k|sflzt ldlt @)*!÷)(÷!& cf}F jflif{sf]T;jsf cj;/df k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf;;Fu} k|ljlwsf]
o; sfof{noaf6 ldlt @)*!÷)*÷)@ sf] /fli6«o b}lgsdf k|yd k6s k|sflzt af]nkq cfXjfgsf] cfof]lht sfo{qmddf pgn] Jofks k|of]u, ko{6gsf nflu
;"rgf cg';f/ /Tggu/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= !, @, #, !@ / !#sf ;8sx?sf] :t/f]Gglt Pj+ ;8s ;du| ko{6g pBf]unfO{ cfjZos hgzlQm ljsf;df
;f}Gbo{s/0f of]hgf &RQVWUXFWLRQRI$VSKDOW5RDG'UDLQZLWK)RRWSDWKDQG%HDXWL¿FDWLRQZRUNVDW lbzflgb]{z ug]{u/L ;/sf/n] hf]8 lbP . af]8{ ;~rfns
ward No, 1, 2, 3, 12 & 13 (RAT/CHITWAN:RUNV1&% sfo{sf nflu (%LGGLQJ gLltut Joj:yf ug{ nfu]sf] ;ldltsf ;b:o Clif
dfkm{t o; /Tggu/ gu/kflnsf gu/sfo{kflnsf sfof{nodf k]z x'g cfPsf af]nkqx?sf] k|fljlws hfgsf/L lbP . o:t}, pgn] e08f/Ln] ko{6g k|j4{gsf]
k|:tfjx? d"Nofª\sg ubf{ b]xfosf af]nkq ;f/e"t ?kdf k|efju|fxL b]lvPsf] x'Fbf ;fj{hlgs vl/b ljb]zL ko{6ssf] ;+Vof j[l4 d'Vo lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf] g]kfn
lgodfjnL @)^$ -afx|f}+ ;+zf]wg;lxt_sf] lgod #! -h_ sf] pklgod % adf]lhd pQm af]nkqbftfsf] ug{ cGt/f{li6«o k|j4{g tyf ko{6g af]8{ ;/f]sf/jfnf
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