INTRODUCTION

Hook (Câu dẫn vào chủ đề):

 There has been an ongoing debate about whether [topic paraphrased].

 Nowadays, people are increasingly concerned about...
 In recent years, the issue of [topic] has sparked much discussion.
 In today’s fast-changing world, [topic] has become more relevant than ever.
 With the development of modern society, [topic] has become a major concern.
 These days, more and more people are questioning whether...
 In today’s fast-paced world, [topic] plays a crucial role in our daily lives.
 It is becoming increasingly common for people to [V liên quan đến topic]

Background (Giới thiệu bối cảnh):

Some people believe that [one side of the argument], while others argue that [the opposite view].

Paraphrased topic (Trình bày lại chủ đề bằng từ ngữ của bạn): (optional)

This issue has become increasingly relevant in today’s society due to [reason or context].

Thesis statement (Quan điểm cá nhân rõ ràng):

Personally, I completely agree/disagree with the idea that [restate your side clearly].

CONCLUSION

Use a concluding transition – Mở đầu đoạn kết:

🔸 In conclusion, / All things considered, / Ultimately,

Restate your opinion – Nhắc lại quan điểm (dùng từ khác):

🔸 I firmly believe that... / It is evident that...

Summarize key arguments – Tóm tắt lại lý do chính:

🔸 The reasons above clearly show that... / This is mainly because...

Provide a final thought/suggestion – Mở rộng hoặc kêu gọi hành động:

🔸 Therefore, governments/individuals should...

🔸 If this issue is not addressed, it may lead to...

TỪ NỐI THÔNG DỰNG (Linking Words)

➤ Mở đầu / Giới thiệu ý kiến:

 In my opinion / From my perspective

 I believe that / I think that

 As far as I’m concerned

 It is commonly believed that

 Many people argue that

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✅ Thêm ý (Adding ideas)

 Moreover, / Furthermore, / In addition,

 Not only that, but...

 What’s more,

✅ Đưa ví dụ (Giving examples)

 For example, / For instance,

 Such as... / Like...

 To illustrate this point,

 A typical example is ...

✅ Chỉ nguyên nhân – kết quả (Cause and effect)

 Because / Since / As

 Therefore, / As a result, / Consequently,

 Hence/ Thus

 That’s why

✅ So sánh & đối lập (Contrast)

 However, / On the other hand,

 Although / Even though

 Whereas / While

✅ Nhấn mạnh (Emphasis)

 Indeed, / In fact,

 It is important to note that...

 Without a doubt,

✅ Tóm tắt – kết luận (Summary/Conclusion)

 In conclusion, / To sum up,

 All in all, / Overall,

 To put it simply,

COLLOCATIONS THÔNG DỤNG – ÁP DỤNG LINH HOẠT MỌI CHỦ ĐỀ

express an opinion, hold a belief, raise a concern, have a positive/negative impact on, cause harm to, lead
to changes in, increase dramatically, decline steadily, a gradual rise/drop, major advantage, potential
drawback, long-term benefit, effective solution, implement a policy, address a problem, take responsibility
for, be accountable for, fulfill a duty, cutting-edge technology, digital transformation, rely heavily on
technology, environmental awareness, carbon footprint, eco-friendly practice
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 make a decision / make an effort / make progress
 take responsibility / take action / take part in
 have a big impact / have an effect on / have access to
 play a role in / play an important part in
 raise awareness / raise money / raise standards
 face challenges / face problems
 provide opportunities / provide support
 improve the quality of / improve skills
 lead to positive/negative changes
 deal with a problem / deal with stress

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1. Education – Giáo dục

 USEFUL COLLOCATIONS
- receive a good education
- gain knowledge and skills
- learning environment
- academic performance
- higher education
- online courses / distance learning

a. Should students wear uniforms?

FOR AGAINST
 Promotes equality by reducing visible  Restricts students' freedom of expression
signs of wealth or poverty. and individuality.
 Creates a sense of belonging and school  Uncomfortable or unsuitable uniforms
identity. can affect students' well-being.
 Reduces distractions, allowing students to  Can be an additional financial burden on
focus more on their studies. families.
 Encourages discipline and responsibility.  Might not contribute to better academic
performance.
b. The importance of learning a second language

FOR AGAINST
 Global communication: Speaking more  Time and effort: Mastering a second
than one language opens opportunities to language requires significant time and
connect globally. energy.
 Cognitive benefits: Learning a second  Limited use: Not everyone needs a
language improves memory and problem- second language in their daily life or
solving skills. career.
 Cultural understanding: Helps in  Difficulty: Some people struggle with
understanding and appreciating diverse learning languages, especially later in life.
cultures.  Overemphasis: Some may argue it
 Career advantages: Many companies distracts from focusing on other essential
prefer bilingual candidates for skills.
international business.
c. Benefits of online learning vs. traditional education

FOR AGAINST
 Flexibility: Online learning offers  Lack of personal interaction: Online
flexibility in terms of time and location. learning may lack the engagement and
 Wide access: More students can access support found in face-to-face education.
courses from top universities regardless  Technology limitations: Not all students
of location. have access to necessary technology or
 Variety of resources: Online platforms the internet.
provide a wide range of learning  Discipline issues: Some students may
materials. struggle to stay motivated and focused
 Self-paced learning: Students can learn at without a structured environment.
their own pace, enhancing retention.  Quality concerns: Online education may
not always provide the same quality or
accreditation as traditional education.
d. The role of teachers in modern education
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 FOR AGAINST
Guidance and mentorship: Teachers play  Overburdened: Teachers often deal with
an essential role in guiding students’ large class sizes and administrative tasks,
academic and personal growth. limiting teaching quality.
 Personalized support: They adapt  Traditional methods: Some argue that
teaching methods to suit individual teachers may rely too much on outdated
student needs. teaching methods.
 Instilling values: Teachers help in  Limited resources: Teachers may lack
developing critical thinking, problem- resources or training for incorporating
solving, and social skills. modern technologies.
 Curriculum implementation: Teachers  Burnout: The demanding nature of the
implement the curriculum and shape how profession can lead to teacher burnout.
knowledge is conveyed.
e. Education system and its impact on society

FOR AGAINST
 Social mobility: A well-structured  Inequality: Education systems can
education system can provide equal perpetuate societal inequalities,
opportunities for all. depending on resources and access.
 Economic growth: A skilled workforce  One-size-fits-all approach: Traditional
contributes to the overall economy. education systems may not meet the
 Cultural development: Education fosters needs of every student.
the understanding of societal values and  Pressure on students: An overemphasis
traditions. on grades and standardized testing may
 Public well-being: Education promotes cause unnecessary stress.
informed citizens and social cohesion.  Disconnected from reality: Some argue
that traditional education doesn’t always
prepare students for the real-world
challenges.
f. The importance of life skills in education

FOR AGAINST
Practical application: Life skills such as  Curriculum overcrowding: Introducing life
problem-solving and communication are skills may reduce time for traditional
directly applicable in daily life. subjects like math or science.
 Preparedness for the workforce: Teaching  Resource limitations: Schools may lack
life skills ensures students are ready for the necessary resources or expertise to
their future careers. teach life skills effectively.
 Holistic development: Focusing on life  Varying opinions: Different cultures and
skills leads to well-rounded individuals, societies may disagree on what
not just academically proficient ones. constitutes essential life skills.
 Emotional intelligence: Life skills  Not enough focus: Life skills can be
education promotes emotional and social overlooked in favor of academic subjects.
well-being.
g. Should university education be free for everyone?

FOR AGAINST
 Makes education accessible to all,  May lead to overcrowding in universities,
reducing social inequality. reducing the quality of education.
 Encourages more students to pursue  Free education could be financially
higher education, benefiting the unsustainable for governments.
economy.  Students may take education for granted
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  Allows students to focus on learning if there are no financial stakes involved.
without the burden of student debt.  The emphasis on university education
 Promotes a more educated workforce, might undervalue other vocational
contributing to national growth. training opportunities.
h. The impact of technology on education

FOR AGAINST
 Access to resources: Technology gives  Distraction: Students may become
students access to online resources, distracted by non-educational content on
virtual libraries, and learning tools. devices.
 Interactive learning: Technologies like  Inequality: Access to technology is not
virtual classrooms and interactive apps equal for all students, creating a divide.
enhance learning experiences.  Depersonalization: Over-reliance on
 Collaborative learning: Technology allows technology may reduce face-to-face
students to collaborate globally through interactions and teacher-student
online forums and platforms. relationships.
 Increased engagement: Gamification and  Privacy concerns: The use of technology
multimedia content keep students raises concerns about data privacy and
engaged and motivated. cyber security.
i. Global education inequality

FOR AGAINST
 Development opportunities: Providing  Cost and resources: Poor countries may
quality education globally can reduce not have the funds to improve their
poverty and foster economic education systems.
development.  Cultural barriers: Educational standards
 Cultural exchange: Promoting global and practices differ worldwide,
education equality helps in creating cross- complicating efforts for equality.
cultural understanding.  Political instability: In some regions,
 Youth empowerment: Equal access to political instability and conflict hinder
education empowers young people educational development.
worldwide to improve their lives.  Quality concerns: Some students may
 Global collaboration: Educating people receive subpar education that does not
from different backgrounds promotes meet global standards.
global cooperation.
j. The effectiveness of standardized testing

FOR AGAINST
 Objective assessment: Standardized  Narrow focus: Focus on testing may
testing provides a clear and uniform way neglect other important aspects of
to assess student knowledge. education, such as creativity and social
 Fair comparison: Helps compare students’ skills.
performance on a level playing field.  Test anxiety: Many students experience
 Accountability: Ensures that educational anxiety, which can negatively impact their
institutions maintain certain academic performance.
standards.  Cultural bias: Some standardized tests
 Identifying gaps: Tests can highlight areas may be biased toward certain groups,
where students are struggling, helping disadvantaging others.
focus improvement efforts.  Overemphasis: Too much focus on tests
can reduce the joy of learning and limit
critical thinking.
k. The role of parents in children’s education
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 FOR AGAINST
 Support and encouragement: Parents play  Overbearing parents: Too much
a crucial role in motivating and involvement can lead to pressure, stress,
encouraging children to succeed and hinder a child's independence.
academically.  Resource disparity: Not all parents have
 Early development: Parental involvement the resources or knowledge to support
in early childhood education fosters good their children's education effectively.
habits and learning skills.  Unrealistic expectations: Some parents
 Bridge between home and school: Parents may have unrealistic expectations for
can help facilitate communication their children's academic performance.
between the school and their children.  Inconsistent involvement: Some parents
 Emotional support: Parents provide the may not be able to participate due to
emotional foundation necessary for work or personal issues, leading to a lack
academic and social success. of support.
l. Education and employment: Does a university degree guarantee success?

FOR AGAINST
 Access to higher-paying jobs: A degree  Debt burden: University education can
can open doors to higher-paying and lead to significant student debt without a
more specialized jobs. guaranteed job outcome.
 Skill development: University education  Practical experience: Some argue that
provides important skills and knowledge hands-on experience is more valuable
for various professions. than theoretical knowledge in certain
 Networking opportunities: University fields.
provides opportunities to network with  Changing job market: Many jobs no longer
peers, professors, and industry leaders. require a university degree, focusing
 Credibility: A degree adds credibility and instead on skills and experience.
validation to one’s qualifications in the  Mismatch with job market: Not all
job market. degrees align with available job
opportunities, leading to
underemployment.
2. Technology – Công nghệ

 USEFUL COLLOCATIONS
- advanced technology
- cutting-edge devices
- technological innovation
- digital era
- rely on technology
- data security
a. Advantages and disadvantages of social media

FOR AGAINST
 Connects people globally: Social media  Mental health impact: Prolonged use of
allows individuals to stay in touch with social media is linked to issues like
friends, family, and colleagues worldwide, depression, anxiety, and social isolation.
fostering communication across  Spread of misinformation: Social media
distances. platforms can be breeding grounds for
 Platform for self-expression: It provides a fake news, misinformation, and harmful
platform for users to express their content.
opinions, creativity, and share  Addiction: Excessive use of social media
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 experiences. can lead to addictive behavior, wasting
 Educational resources: Social media can time and reducing productivity.
be a valuable tool for learning, with
educational content, tutorials, and expert
discussions available.
b. The impact of smartphones on communication

FOR AGAINST
 Instant communication: Smartphones  Decline in face-to-face communication:
allow instant messaging, voice calls, and Overreliance on smartphones can reduce
video chats, making it easier to stay meaningful, in-person interactions,
connected. leading to social isolation.
 Multi-functional: Beyond communication,  Distracting: Smartphones can be
smartphones are tools for organizing daily distracting in important conversations,
tasks, social networking, and leading to a loss of focus and attention.
entertainment.  Privacy issues: Smartphones store vast
 Global reach: Smartphones enable global amounts of personal data, which can be
communication through apps, fostering vulnerable to hacking and misuse.
cultural exchange and business
relationships.
c. Technology in education

FOR AGAINST
 Access to resources: Technology provides  Technology gap: Not all students have
access to vast online learning materials, equal access to technology, leading to
educational apps, and research databases. inequalities in education.
 Interactive learning: Digital tools like  Over-reliance on devices: Excessive
virtual labs, interactive lessons, and screen time can lead to distractions,
simulations enhance student engagement reduce attention spans, and hinder
and understanding. critical thinking.
 Personalized learning: Technology allows  Lack of human interaction: Technology in
for tailored learning experiences, catering education may replace valuable teacher-
to individual student needs and progress. student interactions, limiting emotional
and social learning.
d. Has technology made our lives better or worse?

FOR AGAINST
 Improved healthcare: Advancements in  Job displacement: Automation and AI
medical technology have led to better have replaced many jobs, leading to
diagnosis, treatment, and longer life unemployment and economic inequality.
expectancy.  ealth risks: Overuse of technology,
 Convenience: Technology has made especially screens, can lead to issues like
everyday tasks like shopping, banking, eye strain, poor posture, and sleep
and transportation faster and more disorders.
efficient.  Loss of privacy: With the rise of digital
 Increased connectivity: Technology has technology, personal data is often
bridged gaps in communication, allowing collected and misused, leading to privacy
people to stay connected globally in real- concerns.
time.
e. Do smartphones cause more harm than good in society?

FOR AGAINST
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  Connectivity: Smartphones allow people  Addiction: Overuse of smartphones can
to stay in touch with loved ones and lead to addiction, impacting mental
access important information quickly. health and reducing face-to-face
 Educational tool: Smartphones provide interactions.
access to educational apps, podcasts, and  Distracted driving: Smartphones are a
news sources, helping users stay major cause of accidents due to
informed. distractions while driving.
 Emergency communication: In times of  Decreased social skills: Constant use of
crisis, smartphones are essential for smartphones can lead to reduced
communication and safety. interpersonal communication skills and
social isolation.
f. Should children be allowed to use technology in school?

FOR AGAINST
 Enhances learning: Technology can make  Distraction: Technology in schools can
learning more engaging through lead to distractions, with students using
interactive tools, games, and digital devices for entertainment instead of
resources. learning.
 Improves digital literacy: Early exposure  Cybersecurity risks: Children may be
to technology helps children develop exposed to online dangers like
necessary digital skills for the future. cyberbullying or inappropriate content.
 Access to information: Technology  Reduced physical activity: Prolonged use
enables children to access a wide range of of technology in school may contribute to
educational resources and information a sedentary lifestyle, affecting physical
beyond textbooks. health.
g. How technology has changed communication

FOR AGAINST
 Instant communication: Technology has  Decreased personal touch:
made communication instant through Communication has become more
emails, messaging apps, and video calls. impersonal, with many interactions
 Access to global networks: occurring through screens rather than
Communication has become more global, face-to-face.
breaking down geographical and time  Overload of information: The constant
barriers. stream of information from emails and
 Ease of collaboration: Technology allows notifications can overwhelm people and
easy collaboration through online reduce effective communication.
meetings, file sharing, and cloud services.  Misunderstandings: Lack of non-verbal
cues in digital communication can lead to
misunderstandings and
misinterpretations.

h. Technology and privacy: Can we ever be truly private?

FOR AGAINST
 Data encryption: Advances in technology,  Surveillance: Governments and
such as end-to-end encryption, help corporations often monitor online
protect personal information from activities, leading to concerns about
unauthorized access. surveillance and loss of privacy.
 Control over privacy settings: Many online  Data breaches: Personal information
platforms offer tools to control what stored online is vulnerable to cyberattacks
personal information is shared and with and data breaches.
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 whom.  Lack of awareness: Many users
 Government regulation: Increasing unknowingly share personal data,
regulation and policies regarding data compromising their privacy without fully
privacy are improving protection against understanding the risks.
misuse of personal information.
i. Smart homes: How technology is transforming daily life

FOR AGAINST
 Convenience: Smart homes offer  Privacy concerns: Smart devices collect
automated systems for lighting, heating, personal data, which can be vulnerable to
and security, making life more convenient. hacking and misuse.
 Energy efficiency: Smart devices can  Cost: Setting up a smart home can be
optimize energy usage, helping to reduce expensive, making it inaccessible for
electricity bills and environmental impact. many.
 Enhanced security: Smart home  Dependency on technology: Over-reliance
technologies, such as surveillance on smart devices could lead to problems
cameras and smart locks, provide better if technology fails or malfunctions.
home security.
j. Is technology making us more isolated?

FOR AGAINST
 Social media and online communities:  Lack of face-to-face interaction: Excessive
Technology connects people with like- use of technology, especially social media,
minded individuals globally, creating can reduce physical interactions and lead
virtual communities. to loneliness.
 Remote work: Technology has enabled  Overreliance on digital connections:
flexible work arrangements, reducing the People may become more reliant on
need for commuting and fostering a digital connections at the expense of
better work-life balance. building real-world relationships.
 Access to support networks: Online  Mental health issues: Isolation due to
platforms provide access to mental health excessive screen time can contribute to
resources, peer support groups, and mental health problems such as
counseling. depression and anxiety.
k. The role of technology in education

FOR AGAINST
 Access to learning materials: Technology  Distraction: Technology can be a major
provides students with access to a wealth distraction, with students spending more
of information and learning resources. time on non-educational content.
 Interactive learning: Digital tools such as  Inequality: Not all students have access to
apps, videos, and simulations make the necessary technology, leading to
learning more engaging and effective. disparities in learning opportunities.
 Personalized education: Technology  Teacher dependence: Over-reliance on
allows for individualized learning technology can diminish the role of
experiences, catering to students' unique teachers in guiding and facilitating
needs and paces. learning.
3. LANGUAGE (Ngôn ngữ)

 USEFUL COLLOCATIONS
- native speaker
- foreign language skills
- language barrier
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 - improve fluency
- master a language
- communication skills

a. The importance of learning a second language

FOR AGAINST
 Cognitive benefits: Enhances cognitive  Time-consuming: Learning a second
abilities, improving problem-solving, language can be a long and challenging
memory, and multitasking skills. process, requiring significant time and
 Career opportunities: Expands job effort.
prospects in a globalized economy, with  Difficulty in mastery: Some people may
many companies valuing bilingual struggle with mastering a second
employees. language, especially when it differs greatly
 Cultural awareness: Learning another from their native language.
language opens up the door to  Limited immediate benefit: In some
understanding and appreciating different careers or countries, being bilingual may
cultures, fostering empathy and not provide an immediate, tangible
tolerance. benefit or competitive advantage.
 Improved communication skills: Being  Language confusion: Some individuals
bilingual helps individuals communicate may face difficulties in switching between
more effectively, understanding nuances languages, leading to confusion or errors
in both languages. in communication.
b. Bilingualism: Advantages and challenges

FOR AGAINST
 Enhanced cognitive abilities: Bilingual  Language interference: Some bilinguals
people often experience improved may experience language interference,
memory, multitasking, and problem- where one language affects the fluency of
solving skills. the other, causing confusion.
 Better career prospects: Being bilingual  Social challenges: In some cases, bilingual
opens doors to a wider range of job individuals may face social challenges,
opportunities, especially in global such as being judged for speaking both
companies or multicultural environments. languages or not fitting into one language
 Cultural connection: Bilingual individuals group.
can connect with a broader range of  Increased cognitive load: Juggling two
people and understand different cultural languages can sometimes lead to mental
perspectives. fatigue, especially in situations requiring
 Improved mental flexibility: Bilingualism quick language switching.
enhances the brain's ability to adapt and  Language dominance imbalance:
switch between tasks or perspectives Bilinguals may have varying proficiency
more easily. levels in both languages, leading to
challenges in fluency or expression.
c. The influence of globalization on language

FOR AGAINST
 Widespread language adoption:  Loss of indigenous languages:
Globalization has led to the widespread Globalization can lead to the decline or
use of major languages like English, extinction of minority languages, as
making communication across borders people shift to more dominant languages
easier. like English.
 Cultural exchange: It encourages the  Cultural homogenization: The widespread
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 exchange of ideas, cultural practices, and use of a few major languages can lead to
language learning, broadening the erosion of unique cultural identities
individuals' worldviews. and traditions associated with language.
 Business opportunities: English, in  Language inequality: As some languages
particular, has become a global business dominate in global communication,
lingua franca, helping companies and others may face marginalization or lack of
individuals connect internationally. recognition.
 Improved access to resources: With  Language barriers: Globalization can
globalization, people can access increase language barriers for people who
educational resources, research, and are not fluent in the dominant global
information in different languages, languages, especially in business or travel
enhancing learning. contexts.
d. How language shapes culture

FOR AGAINST
 Expression of identity: Language is a key  Language barriers in multicultural
part of cultural identity, expressing societies: Language can create divides in
traditions, values, and social norms multicultural societies, where different
unique to a particular group. cultural groups may not communicate
 Cultural preservation: Through language, effectively with one another.
cultures pass on their history, folklore,  Loss of cultural meaning: When languages
and customs to future generations. die or change, some cultural nuances and
 Influences thought patterns: Language traditions may be lost or misinterpreted.
influences the way people think, perceive  Misunderstandings: Language differences
the world, and interact with others, can sometimes lead to misunderstandings
shaping cultural behavior. and misrepresentations of cultural
 Communication of values: Language practices or beliefs.
communicates the values and beliefs of a  Cultural assimilation pressures: Dominant
society, such as respect, family roles, or languages in a region can pressure smaller
individualism. cultural groups to assimilate, leading to
the loss of cultural distinctiveness.
e. The role of language in identity

FOR AGAINST
 Personal identity: Language is central to  Language discrimination: Some
how individuals define themselves and individuals may face discrimination based
their belonging to specific communities on the language they speak, leading to
or cultures. feelings of alienation or inferiority.
 Social integration: A person's language  Language conflict: In multilingual
can help them connect with others who societies, different language groups may
share the same linguistic or cultural clash over issues of representation,
background, fostering a sense of language rights, and power dynamics.
belonging.  Loss of identity in a second language: For
 Cultural pride: Many people feel a deep those who learn a second language, they
sense of pride in their native language, as may sometimes feel disconnected from
it represents their heritage and ancestral their native culture, as they struggle to
roots. express themselves fully in their second
 Expression of values and beliefs: language.
Language allows individuals to express  Assimilation pressures: In multicultural
their personal values, beliefs, and societies, people may feel pressured to
worldviews, forming an integral part of adopt the dominant language, potentially

12
 their identity. eroding their cultural identity.
f. The impact of the internet on language and communication

FOR AGAINST
 Increased communication speed: The  Loss of formality in language: The casual
internet has made communication faster, nature of online communication can lead
with instant messaging, video calls, and to the decline of formal writing and
social media platforms facilitating real- speaking standards, especially in
time conversations. professional or academic contexts.
 Global language exchange: The internet  Overuse of shorthand: The rise of texting
enables people to learn new languages, and social media has led to excessive use
exchange ideas, and connect with people of abbreviations and shorthand, which
from all over the world. can lead to a breakdown in language
 New forms of expression: Online clarity.
platforms have given rise to new forms of  Language homogenization: The internet
language, such as memes, acronyms, and often prioritizes dominant languages (like
slang, which reflect evolving English), leading to the marginalization of
communication trends. smaller, regional languages.
 Access to diverse languages: The internet  Misinterpretation of tone: Written
provides access to resources in multiple communication online lacks the non-
languages, making it easier for people to verbal cues of face-to-face conversation,
learn and interact in different languages. leading to potential misunderstandings or
misinterpretations.
g. Should foreign languages be compulsory in schools?

FOR AGAINST
 Enhances cognitive development:  Pressure on students: Requiring a foreign
Learning a foreign language enhances language may place additional pressure
students' cognitive abilities, including on students, especially those who
problem-solving and multitasking skills. struggle with language learning.
 Cultural understanding: It promotes cross-  Resource limitations: Schools may lack
cultural awareness and empathy, helping the resources, qualified teachers, or time
students better understand and to adequately teach foreign languages to
appreciate other cultures. all students.
 Improved career prospects: Knowing a  Not universally necessary: In some
foreign language increases employability regions, foreign language skills may not
in a global job market, especially in be as essential for students' future
international companies or diplomatic careers or daily lives.
roles.  Quality of language education: In some
 Global communication: In a globalized cases, compulsory foreign language
world, being able to speak more than one programs may not lead to fluency, and
language is essential for international students may not gain meaningful
travel, business, and communication. proficiency.
h. The effect of technology on language development

FOR AGAINST
 New forms of expression: Technology,  Deterioration of language skills: The rise
such as texting, social media, and emojis, of informal online communication can
has introduced new forms of language lead to a decline in spelling, grammar, and
and expression. writing skills.
 Access to learning resources: Technology  Overuse of shorthand: Texting and online
provides vast resources for language communication may lead to an overuse of
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 learners, including apps, online courses, abbreviations and acronyms, which could
and language exchange platforms. harm formal language development.
 Global communication: The internet  Language homogenization: Technology
allows people from different linguistic often promotes dominant languages like
backgrounds to communicate and share English, leading to the decline of regional
ideas in real time, contributing to languages and dialects.
language evolution.  Superficial communication: Technology
 Language documentation: Technology may lead to more surface-level
helps preserve and document interactions, reducing meaningful
endangered languages, allowing for communication and language richness.
digital archives and educational
resources.
4. SOCIAL MEDIA (Mạng xã hội)

 USEFUL COLLOCATIONS
- spend time on social media
- social media platform
- share information online
- go viral
- online identity
- digital footprint

a. The influence of social media on youth culture

FOR AGAINST
 Creative development: Social media  Negative trends: Some challenges and
enables self-expression through creative trends negatively influence behavior.
activities like videos and art.  Social pressure: Comparison with others
 Community and connection: Helps youth can lead to pressure about appearance
connect with like-minded groups. and success.
 Access to information: Easy access to  Loss of direction: Youth may be
trends, news, and knowledge. influenced by unhealthy content.
b. Social media as a platform for self-expression

FOR AGAINST
 Freedom of expression: Allows individuals  Privacy issues: Sharing too much personal
to share opinions, interests, and personal information could compromise privacy.
views.  Unrealistic self-image: Social media often
 Connecting with like-minded people: Find showcases idealized lives that aren't
communities that share common authentic.
passions.  Negative impact: Can lead to anxiety and
 Creative showcase: Users can display their self-doubt due to the desire for approval.
talents and projects.
c. The impact of social media on mental health

FOR AGAINST
 Support and connection: Can provide  Anxiety and depression: Constant
emotional support and a sense of comparison can lead to mental health
belonging. issues.
 Positive mental health campaigns:  Cyberbullying: Online bullying can have
Promotes awareness of mental health serious emotional effects.

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 issues.  Pressure for perfection: Unrealistic
 Reducing loneliness: Connects people, portrayals of life can increase stress.
especially those who feel isolated.
d. Privacy issues on social media

FOR AGAINST
 Privacy control options: Users can  Data misuse: Personal data may be
manage what they share and who sees it. collected and used without consent.
 Data protection updates: Platforms  Hacking risks: Cyberattacks can
regularly update privacy policies. compromise personal information.
 Community oversight: Users can advocate  Targeted ads: Overuse of personal data
for better privacy protections. for advertising can feel invasive.
e. Is social media making people more socially isolated?

FOR AGAINST
 Global connection: Facilitates connections  Decreased face-to-face interaction: Less
with people from around the world. in-person communication can reduce
 Social relationship choice: Enables joining relationship quality.
communities with shared interests.  Feelings of loneliness: Online interaction
 Access anytime: Helps stay connected can sometimes feel superficial.
with friends and family.  Shallow relationships: Connections on
social media may lack depth.
f. How has social media affected the way we form relationships?

FOR AGAINST
 Easier connections: Social media allows  Superficial relationships: Some online
quick and easy connection with others. relationships are shallow or not
 Cross-generational relationships: Bridges meaningful.
gaps between different age groups.  Miscommunication: Online
 Cultural exchange: Facilitates connecting communication can lead to
with people from diverse backgrounds. misunderstandings.
 Dependency on technology: Over-reliance
on social media for relationships can
weaken real-life interactions.
g. The role of influencers on social media

FOR AGAINST
 Effective marketing: Influencers help  Negative influence: Some influencers
brands reach target audiences quickly. promote harmful lifestyles or products.
 Inspiration: Many influencers motivate  Pressure to conform: Followers may feel
followers with positive content. pressured to live up to the "perfect"
 Genuine connections: Some influencers image portrayed by influencers.
build strong, meaningful relationships  Ambiguous advertising: Influencers
with their audience. sometimes blur the lines between
personal content and advertisements.

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