Template for Preparation of Papers for IEEE Sponsored

Conferences & Symposia

First A. Author, Second B. Author, Jr., and Third C. Author, Member, IEEE

Abstract—These instructions give you guidelines for When you open ieeeconf_letter.doc or ieeeconf_A4.doc,
preparing papers for IEEE conferences. Use this document as a select “Page Layout” from the “View” menu in the menu bar
template if you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or later. (View | Page Layout), which allows you to see the footnotes.
Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. Instructions Then type over sections of the sample file, either
about final paper and figure submissions in this document are
ieeeconf_letter.doc or ieeeconf_A4.doc or simply cut and
for IEEE journals; please use this document as a “template” to
prepare your manuscript. For submission guidelines, follow paste from another document and then use markup styles.
instructions on paper submission system as well as the The pull-down style menu is at the left of the Formatting
Conference website. Do not delete the blank line immediately Toolbar at the top of your Word window (for example, the
above the abstract; it sets the footnote at the bottom of this style at this point in the document is “Text”). Highlight a
column. section that you want to designate with a certain style, then
select the appropriate name on the style menu. The style will
I. INTRODUCTION adjust your fonts and line spacing. Do not change the font

T HIS document is a template for Microsoft Word

versions 6.0 or later. If you are reading a paper version
of this document, please download the electronic file,
sizes or line spacing to squeeze more text into a limited
number of pages. Use italics for emphasis; do not underline.
To insert images in Word, position the cursor at the
ieeeconf_letter.dot (for letter sized paper: 8.5” x 11”) or insertion point and either use Insert | Picture | From File or
ieeeconf_A4.dot (for A4 sized paper: 210mm x 297mm) copy the image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit |
and save to MS Word templates directory. The template to Paste Special | Picture (with “Float over text” unchecked).
produce your conference paper is available at IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper. If your
www.paperplaza.net/support/support.html. To create your paper is intended for a conference, please observe the
own document, from within MS Word, open a new conference page limits.
document using File | New then select ieeeconf_letter.dot
(for letter sized paper) or ieeeconf_A4.dot (for A4 sized II. PROCEDURE FOR PAPER SUBMISSION
paper). All instructions beyond this point are from IEEE.
Instructions about final paper and figure submissions in A. Review Stage
this document are for IEEE journals; please use this Instructions about final paper and figure submissions in
document as a “template” to prepare your manuscript. For this document are for IEEE journals; please use this
submission guidelines, follow instructions on paper document as a “template” to prepare your manuscript. For
submission system as well as the Conference website. submission guidelines, follow instructions on paper
If your paper is intended for a conference, please contact submission system as well as the Conference website.
your conference editor concerning acceptable word Please check with your editor on whether to submit your
processor formats for your particular conference. manuscript by hard copy or electronically for review. If hard
copy, submit photocopies such that only one column appears
Manuscript received October 9, 2001. (Write the date on which you per page. This will give your referees plenty of room to
submitted your paper for review.) This work was supported in part by the write comments. Send the number of copies specified by
U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant BS123456 (sponsor and your editor (typically four). If submitted electronically, find
financial support acknowledgment goes here). Paper titles should be written
in uppercase and lowercase letters, not all uppercase. Avoid writing long out if your editor prefers submissions on disk or as e-mail
formulas with subscripts in the title; short formulas that identify the attachments.
elements are fine (e.g., "Nd–Fe–B"). Do not write "(Invited)" in the title. If you want to submit your file with one column
Full names of authors are preferred in the author field, but are not required.
Put a space between authors' initials.
electronically, please do the following:
F. A. Author is with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, --First, click on the View menu and choose Print
Boulder, CO 80305 USA (corresponding author to provide phone: 303-555- Layout.
5555; fax: 303-555-5555; e-mail: author@ boulder.nist.gov).
S. B. Author, Jr., was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
--Second, place your cursor in the first paragraph. Go
He is now with the Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort to the Format menu, choose Columns, choose one column
Collins, CO 80523 USA (e-mail: author@lamar. colostate.edu). Layout, and choose “apply to whole document” from the
T. C. Author is with the Electrical Engineering Department, University dropdown menu.
of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the National Research
Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: author@nrim.go.jp). --Third, click and drag the right margin bar to just over
4 inches in width. make it easy for you to distribute preprints.) Therefore,
The graphics will stay in the “second” column, but you can submit, on separate sheets of paper, enlarged versions of
drag them to the first column. Make the graphic wider to the tables and figures that appear in your document.
push out any text that may try to fill in next to the graphic. These are the images IEEE will scan and publish with your
paper.
B. Final Stage
Instructions about final paper and figure submissions in
this document are for IEEE journals; please use this D. Electronic Image Files (Optional)
document as a “template” to prepare your manuscript. For You will have the greatest control over the appearance of
submission guidelines, follow instructions on paper your figures if you are able to prepare electronic image files.
submission system as well as the Conference website. If you do not have the required computer skills, just submit
When you submit your final version, after your paper has paper prints as described above and skip this section.
been accepted, print it in two-column format, including 1) Easiest Way: If you have a scanner, the best and
figures and tables. Send three prints of the paper; two will quickest way to prepare non-color figure files is to print
go to IEEE and one will be retained by the Editor-in-Chief your tables and figures on paper exactly as you want them to
or conference publications chair. appear, scan them, and then save them to a file in PostScript
You must also send your final manuscript on a disk, (PS) or Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) formats. Use a
which IEEE will use to prepare your paper for publication. separate file for each image. File names should be of the
Write the authors’ names on the disk label. If you are using form “fig1.ps” or “fig2.eps.”
a Macintosh, please save your file on a PC formatted disk, if 2) Slightly Harder Way: Using a scanner as above, save
possible. You may use Zip or CD-ROM disks for large files, the images in TIFF format. High-contrast line figures and
or compress files using Compress, Pkzip, Stuffit, or Gzip. tables should be prepared with 600 dpi resolution and saved
Also send a sheet of paper with complete contact with no compression, 1 bit per pixel (monochrome), with
information for all authors. Include full mailing addresses, file names of the form “fig3.tif” or “table1.tif.” To obtain a
telephone numbers, fax numbers, and e-mail addresses. This 3.45-in figure (one-column width) at 600 dpi, the figure
information will be used to send each author a requires a horizontal size of 2070 pixels. Typical file sizes
complimentary copy of the journal in which the paper will be on the order of 0.5 MB.
appears. In addition, designate one author as the Photographs and grayscale figures should be prepared
“corresponding author.” This is the author to whom proofs with 220 dpi resolution and saved with no compression, 8
bits per pixel (grayscale). To obtain a 3.45-in figure (one-
column width) at 220 dpi, the figure should have a
horizontal size of 759 pixels.
Color figures should be prepared with 400 dpi resolution
and saved with no compression, 8 bits per pixel (palette or
256 color). To obtain a 3.45-in figure (one column width) at
400 dpi, the figure should have a horizontal size of 1380
pixels.

For more information on TIFF files, please go to

http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/transactions/informa
tion.htm and click on the link “Guidelines for Author
Supplied Electronic Text and Graphics.”
3) Somewhat Harder Way: If you do not have a scanner,
Fig. 1. Magnetization as a function of applied field. Note that “Fig.” you may create non-color PostScript figures by “printing”
is abbreviated. There is a period after the figure number, followed by them to files. First, download a PostScript printer driver
two spaces. It is good practice to explain the significance of the figure from
in the caption.
http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/pdrvwin.htm
of the paper will be sent. Proofs are sent to the (for Windows) or from
corresponding author only. http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/pdrvmac.htm
C. Figures (for Macintosh) and install the “Generic PostScript Printer”
definition. In Word, paste your figure into a new document.
All tables and figures will be processed as images.
Print to a file using the PostScript printer driver. File names
However, IEEE cannot extract the tables and figures
should be of the form “fig5.ps.” Use Adobe Type 1 fonts
embedded in your document. (The figures and tables you
when creating your figures, if possible.
insert in your document are only to help you gauge the size
4) Other Ways: Experienced computer users can convert
of your paper, for the convenience of the referees, and to
figures and tables from their original format to TIFF. Some TABLE I
UNITS FOR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
useful image converters are Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw,
Conversion from Gaussian
and Microsoft Photo Editor, an application that is part of Symbol Quantity and
Microsoft Office 97 and Office 2000 (look for C:\Program CGS EMU to SI a
Files\Common Files \Microsoft Shared\ PhotoEd\  magnetic flux 1 Mx  108 Wb = 108 V·s
PHOTOED.EXE. (You may have to custom-install Photo B magnetic flux density, 1 G  104 T = 104 Wb/m2
magnetic induction
Editor from your original Office disk.) H magnetic field strength 1 Oe  103/(4) A/m
Here is a way to make TIFF image files of tables. First, m magnetic moment 1 erg/G = 1 emu
create your table in Word. Use horizontal lines but no  103 A·m2 = 103 J/T
M magnetization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
vertical lines. Hide gridlines (Table | Hide Gridlines). Spell
 103 A/m
check the table to remove any red underlines that indicate 4M magnetization 1 G  103/(4) A/m
spelling errors. Adjust magnification (View | Zoom) such  specific magnetization 1 erg/(G·g) = 1 emu/g  1
that you can view the entire table at maximum area when A·m2/kg
j magnetic dipole 1 erg/G = 1 emu
you select View | Full Screen. Move the cursor so that it is moment  4  1010 Wb·m
out of the way. Press “Print Screen” on your keyboard; this J magnetic polarization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
copies the screen image to the Windows clipboard. Open  4  104 T
Microsoft Photo Editor and click Edit | Paste as New Image. ,  susceptibility 1  4
 mass susceptibility 1 cm3/g  4  103 m3/kg
Crop the table image (click Select button; select the part you
 permeability 1  4  107 H/m
want, then Image | Crop). Adjust the properties of the image = 4  107 Wb/(A·m)
(File | Properties) to monochrome (1 bit) and 600 pixels per r relative permeability   r
inch. Resize the image (Image | Resize) to a width of 3.45 w, W energy density 1 erg/cm3  101 J/m3
N, D demagnetizing factor 1  1/(4)
inches. Save the file (File | Save As) in TIFF with no
compression (click “More” button). No vertical lines in table. Statements that serve as captions for the
Most graphing programs allow you to save graphs in entire table do not need footnote letters.
a
Gaussian units are the same as cgs emu for magnetostatics; Mx =
TIFF; however, you often have no control over compression maxwell, G = gauss, Oe = oersted; Wb = weber, V = volt, s = second,
or number of bits per pixel. You should open these image T = tesla, m = meter, A = ampere, J = joule, kg = kilogram, H = henry.
files in a program such as Microsoft Photo Editor and re- submission time. Authors are responsible for obtaining any
save them using no compression, either 1 or 8 bits, and security clearances.
either 600 or 220 dpi resolution (File | Properties; Image |
Resize). See Section II-D2 for an explanation of number of
bits and resolution. If your graphing program cannot export
to TIFF, you can use the same technique described for tables III. MATH
in the previous paragraph. If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation
A way to convert a figure from Windows Metafile Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com)
(WMF) to TIFF is to paste it into Microsoft PowerPoint, for equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New |
save it in JPG format, open it with Microsoft Photo Editor Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). “Float over
or similar converter, and re-save it as TIFF. text” should not be selected.
Microsoft Excel allows you to save spreadsheet charts in
Graphics Interchange Format (GIF). To get good resolution, IV. UNITS
make the Excel charts very large. Then use the “Save as
Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units
are strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as
HTML” feature (see http://support.microsoft.com/support/
secondary units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in
kb/articles/q158/0/79.asp). You can then convert from GIF
data storage. For example, write “15 Gb/cm2 (100 Gb/in2).”
to TIFF using Microsoft Photo Editor, for example.
An exception is when English units are used as identifiers in
No matter how you convert your images, it is a good idea
trade, such as “3½ in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and
to print the TIFF files to make sure nothing was lost in the
CGS units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in
conversion.
oersteds. This often leads to confusion because equations do
If you modify this document for use with other IEEE
not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed units,
journals or conferences, you should save it as type “Word
clearly state the units for each quantity in an equation.
97-2000 & 6.0/95 - RTF (*.doc)” so that it can be opened by
The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m.
any version of Word.
However, if you wish to use units of T, either refer to
E. Copyright Form magnetic flux density B or magnetic field strength
An IEEE copyright form should accompany your final symbolized as µ0H. Use the center dot to separate compound
submission. These will be custom generated for you at the units, e.g., “A·m2.”
 V. HELPFUL HINTS “Reference [3] shows ... .” Unfortunately the IEEE
document translator cannot handle automatic endnotes in
A. Figures and Tables Word; therefore, type the reference list at the end of the
Instructions about final paper and figure submissions in paper using the “References” style.
this document are for IEEE journals; please use this Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert |
document as a “template” to prepare your manuscript. For Footnote).1 Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the
submission guidelines, follow instructions on paper column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the
submission system as well as the Conference website. reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see
Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper, Table I).
you do not need to position figures and tables at the top and Please note that the references at the end of this document
bottom of each column. In fact, all figures, figure captions, are in the preferred referencing style. Give all authors’
and tables can be at the end of the paper. Large figures and names; do not use “et al.” unless there are six authors or
tables may span both columns. Place figure captions below more. Use a space after authors' initials. Papers that have not
the figures; place table titles above the tables. If your figure been published should be cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers
has two parts, include the labels “(a)” and “(b)” as part of that have been submitted for publication should be cited as
the artwork. Please verify that the figures and tables you “submitted for publication” [5]. Papers that have been
mention in the text actually exist. Please do not include accepted for publication, but not yet specified for an issue
captions as part of the figures. Do not put captions in should be cited as “to be published” [6]. Please give
“text boxes” linked to the figures. Do not put borders affiliations and addresses for private communications [7].
around the outside of your figures. Use the abbreviation Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for
“Fig.” even at the beginning of a sentence. Do not proper nouns and element symbols. If you are short of space,
abbreviate “Table.” Tables are numbered with Roman you may omit paper titles. However, paper titles are helpful
numerals. to your readers and are strongly recommended. For papers
Color printing of figures is available, but is billed to the published in translation journals, please give the English
authors (approximately $1300, depending on the number of citation first, followed by the original foreign-language
figures and number of pages containing color). Include a citation [8].
note with your final paper indicating that you request color
C. Abbreviations and Acronyms
printing. Do not use color unless it is necessary for the
proper interpretation of your figures. If you want reprints Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are
of your color article, the reprint order should be submitted used in the text, even after they have already been defined in
promptly. There is an additional charge of $81 per 100 for the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do
color reprints. not have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate
Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use periods should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N.
words rather than symbols. As an example, write the R. S.” Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are
quantity “Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not just unavoidable (for example, “IEEE” in the title of this article).
“M.” Put units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with D. Equations
units. As in Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization Number equations consecutively with equation numbers
(A/m)” or “Magnetization (A  m1),” not just “A/m.” Do not in parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use
label axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, the equation editor to create the equation. Then select the
write “Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.” “Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write the
Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write equation number in parentheses. To make your equations
“Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (103 A/m).” Do more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp
not write “Magnetization (A/m)  1000” because the reader function, or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid
would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations when they
16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible, are part of a sentence, as in
approximately 8 to 12 point type.
r2
B. References  0
F ( r ,  ) dr d   [ r2 / ( 2  0 )]
(1)
Number citations consecutively in square brackets [1]. 
The sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple  exp (   | z j  z i | )  1
J 1 (  r2 ) J 0 (  ri ) d  .
0
references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate brackets
[1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please give the Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been
relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer simply to the
reference number, as in [3]. Do not use “Ref. [3]” or 1
It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the
“reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence: unnumbered footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to
integrate the footnote information into the text.
defined before the equation appears or immediately “principal” (e.g., “principal investigator”) and “principle”
following. Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature, (e.g., “principle of measurement”). Do not confuse “imply”
but T is the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or and “infer.”
“equation (1),” except at the beginning of a sentence: Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and
“Equation (1) is ... .” “"ultra” are not independent words; they should be joined to
the words they modify, usually without a hyphen. There is
E. Other Recommendations
no period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “et al.” (it
Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate is also italicized). The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that is,”
complex modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.” and the abbreviation “e.g.,” means “for example” (these
Avoid dangling participles, such as, “Using (1), the potential abbreviations are not italicized).
was calculated.” [It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write An excellent style manual and source of information for
instead, “The potential was calculated by using (1),” or science writers is [9]. A general IEEE style guide,
“Using (1), we calculated the potential.” Information for Authors, is available at
Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/transactions/informa
“cm3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm  tion.htm
0.2 cm,” not “0.1  0.2 cm2.” The abbreviation for
“seconds” is “s,” not “sec.” Do not mix complete spellings VII. EDITORIAL POLICY
and abbreviations of units: use “Wb/m2” or “webers per
Submission of a manuscript is not required for
square meter,” not “webers/m2.” When expressing a range of
participation in a conference. Do not submit a reworked
values, write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”
version of a paper you have submitted or published
A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is
elsewhere. Do not publish “preliminary” data or results. The
punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A
submitting author is responsible for obtaining agreement of
parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the parentheses.)
all coauthors and any consent required from sponsors before
In American English, periods and commas are within
submitting a paper. IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS
quotation marks, like “this period.” Other punctuation is
strongly discourage courtesy authorship. It is the obligation
“outside”! Avoid contractions; for example, write “do not”
of the authors to cite relevant prior work.
instead of “don’t.” The serial comma is preferred: “A, B,
The Transactions and Journals Department does not
and C” instead of “A, B and C.”
publish conference records or proceedings. The
If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or
TRANSACTIONS does publish papers related to conferences
plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We
that have been recommended for publication on the basis of
observed that ...” instead of “It was observed that ...”).
peer review. As a matter of convenience and service to the
Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not
technical community, these topical papers are collected and
English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to
published in one issue of the TRANSACTIONS.
proofread your paper.
At least two reviews are required for every paper
submitted. For conference-related papers, the decision to
VI. SOME COMMON MISTAKES
accept or reject a paper is made by the conference editors
The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for and publications committee; the recommendations of the
the permeability of vacuum µ0 is zero, not a lowercase letter referees are advisory only. Undecipherable English is a valid
“o.” The term for residual magnetization is “remanence”; the reason for rejection. Authors of rejected papers may revise
adjective is “remanent”; do not write “remnance” or and resubmit them to the TRANSACTIONS as regular papers,
“remnant.” Use the word “micrometer” instead of “micron.” whereupon they will be reviewed by two new referees.
A graph within a graph is an “inset,” not an “insert.” The
word “alternatively” is preferred to the word “alternately” VIII. PUBLICATION PRINCIPLES
(unless you really mean something that alternates). Use the
The contents of IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS are
word “whereas” instead of “while” (unless you are referring
peer-reviewed and archival. The TRANSACTIONS publishes
to simultaneous events). Do not use the word “essentially”
scholarly articles of archival value as well as tutorial
to mean “approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the
expositions and critical reviews of classical subjects and
word “issue” as a euphemism for “problem.” When
topics of current interest.
compositions are not specified, separate chemical symbols
Authors should consider the following points:
by en-dashes; for example, “NiMn” indicates the
1) Technical papers submitted for publication must
intermetallic compound Ni0.5Mn0.5 whereas “Ni–Mn”
advance the state of knowledge and must cite relevant
indicates an alloy of some composition NixMn1-x.
prior work.
Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones
2) The length of a submitted paper should be
“affect” (usually a verb) and “effect” (usually a noun),
commensurate with the importance, or appropriate to
“complement” and “compliment,” “discreet” and “discrete,”
the complexity, of the work. For example, an obvious
 extension of previously published work might not be [6] J. Wang, “Fundamentals of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers arrays
(Periodical style—Submitted for publication),” IEEE J. Quantum
appropriate for publication or might be adequately Electron., submitted for publication.
treated in just a few pages. [7] C. J. Kaufman, Rocky Mountain Research Lab., Boulder, CO, private
3) Authors must convince both peer reviewers and the communication, May 1995.
[8] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, “Electron
editors of the scientific and technical merit of a paper;
spectroscopy studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate
the standards of proof are higher when extraordinary or interfaces(Translation Journals style),” IEEE Transl. J. Magn.Jpn.,
unexpected results are reported. vol. 2, Aug. 1987, pp. 740–741 [Dig. 9th Annu. Conf. Magnetics Japan,
4) Because replication is required for scientific progress, 1982, p. 301].
[9] M. Young, The Techincal Writers Handbook. Mill Valley, CA:
papers submitted for publication must provide sufficient University Science, 1989.
information to allow readers to perform similar [10] J. U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: An assessment of
experiments or calculations and use the reported results. feasibility (Periodical style),” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-
11, pp. 34–39, Jan. 1959.
Although not everything need be disclosed, a paper [11] S. Chen, B. Mulgrew, and P. M. Grant, “A clustering technique for
must contain new, useable, and fully described digital communications channel equalization using radial basis
information. For example, a specimen's chemical function networks,” IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, vol. 4, pp. 570–
578, July 1993.
composition need not be reported if the main purpose of [12] R. W. Lucky, “Automatic equalization for digital communication,”
a paper is to introduce a new measurement technique. Bell Syst. Tech. J., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 547–588, Apr. 1965.
Authors should expect to be challenged by reviewers if [13] S. P. Bingulac, “On the compatibility of adaptive controllers
the results are not supported by adequate data and (Published Conference Proceedings style),” in Proc. 4th Annu.
Allerton Conf. Circuits and Systems Theory, New York, 1994, pp. 8–
critical details. 16.
5) Papers that describe ongoing work or announce the [14] G. R. Faulhaber, “Design of service systems with priority reservation,”
latest technical achievement, which are suitable for in Conf. Rec. 1995 IEEE Int. Conf. Communications, pp. 3–8.
[15] W. D. Doyle, “Magnetization reversal in films with biaxial
presentation at a professional conference, may not be anisotropy,” in 1987 Proc. INTERMAG Conf., pp. 2.2-1–2.2-6.
appropriate for publication in a TRANSACTIONS or [16] G. W. Juette and L. E. Zeffanella, “Radio noise currents n short
JOURNAL. sections on bundle conductors (Presented Conference Paper style),”
presented at the IEEE Summer power Meeting, Dallas, TX, June 22–
27, 1990, Paper 90 SM 690-0 PWRS.
IX. CONCLUSION [17] J. G. Kreifeldt, “An analysis of surface-detected EMG as an
A conclusion section is not required. Although a amplitude-modulated noise,” presented at the 1989 Int. Conf.
Medicine and Biological Engineering, Chicago, IL.
conclusion may review the main points of the paper, do not [18] J. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer (Thesis or Dissertation style),”
replicate the abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA,
elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest 1993.
[19] N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical
applications and extensions. nonequilibrium nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., Osaka
Univ., Osaka, Japan, 1993.
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