ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

(EEE-1103)

Dr. Ismat Rahman

Associate Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
University of Dhaka

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Introduction
⦿ Course Name: Electrical Circuits
⦿ Course Code: EEE-1105
⦿ 3 Credit Course
⦿ Two classes in a week
⚫ Tuesday: 10:00 AM - 11:30 AM (R# 412)
⚫ Wednesday: 10:00 AM - 11:30 AM (R# 412)

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Books
⦿ Introductory Circuit Analysis
by Robert L. Boylestad,, Thirteenth Edition, Pearson
Publications.

⦿ Fundamentals of Electric Circuits

by Charles Alexander, G Matthew Sadiku,, Sixth
Edition, McGraw Hill, 2016.

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Sharing class contents
⦿ Email: ismat@cse.du.ac.bd
⦿ Join Google Classroom EEE 1105 (Batch -
30)
Code: nfsv4x3

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Teaching Methods
The course employs a variety of teaching strategies designed to
engage students with both theoretical concepts. Key methods
include:
⦿ Interactive lectures, supported by PowerPoint slides and
whiteboards, will be used to introduce and explain core concepts.
⦿ Problem-Solving Exercises: Students will be tasked with solving
problems either during or immediately after class to reinforce the
material and sharpen their problem-solving abilities.
⦿ Assignments: Students will be given assignments to develop and
apply the methods taught in class, reinforcing both their
understanding of theoretical concepts and their ability to
implement practical solutions.

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Active Week Topic
Chapter 3: Resistance
week 1
Chapter 4: Ohm’s Law, Power and Energy
week 2
Chapter 5: Series dc Circuits
week 3
Chapter 6: Parallel dc Circuits
week 4
Chapter 7: Series-Parallel Circuits
week 5
Chapter 7: Series-Parallel Circuits
week 6
Chapter 8: Methods of Analysis and Selected Topics
week 7 (dc)
Chapter 8: Methods of Analysis and Selected Topics
week 8 (dc)
Chapter 9: Network Theorems
week 9
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 Active week Topic

In course Exam
week 10

Chapter 9: Network Theorems

week 11

Chapter 9: Network Theorems

week 12

Chapter 10: Capacitors

week 13

Chapter 11: Magnetic Circuits

week 14 Chapter 12: Inductors

Chapter 13: Introduction to Sinusoidal

week 15
Alternating Waveforms

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Assessment CO1 CO2 CO3 Total
Methods

Final Exam 20% 30% 10% 60%

Mid Term exam 10% 10% 20%
Class Test/Quiz 5% 5% 10%
Assignment 5% 5%
Class 5% 5%
Attendance/
participation
35% 50% 15% 100%

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Grading Policy

Marks Obtained Letter Grade Numerical Evaluation Definition

80% and above A+ 4.00 Excellent
75% <80% A 3.75 Excellent
70% <75% A- 3.50 Very Good
65% <70% B+ 3.25 Good
60% <65% B 3.00 Good
55% <60% B- 2.75 Good
50% <55% C+ 2.5 Average
45% <50% C 2.25 Average
40% <45% D 2.00 Below Average
below 40% F 0.00 Failing

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 LECTURE SLIDE - 1
Chapter 3: Resistance and Ohms Law

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 3.1 Introduction

⦿ An electric current is a stream of charged particles, such as

electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or
space.
⦿ The flow of charge through any material encounters an opposing
force which is due to the collisions between electrons and other
atoms in the material, which converts electrical energy into
another form of energy such as heat, is called the resistance of
the material.
⦿ The higher the resistance, the lower the current flow. If
abnormally high, one possible cause (among many) could be
damaged conductors due to burning.
⦿ The lower the resistance, the higher the current flow.

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3.1 Resistor
⦿ A resistor is a two-terminal electrical component that
implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.
⦿ A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates
the flow of electrical currents in an electronic circuit.
⦿ The unit of measurement of resistance is the ohm (Ω), the
capital Greek letter omega.
⦿ The circuit symbol for resistor is given in the following figure
and its graphic abbreviation is R.

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Resistor

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3.1 Introduction
⦿ The resistance of any material is depend
on the following four factors:
1. Type of the Material
2. Length
3. Cross-sectional area
4. Temperature

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3.1 Resistance
⦿ The longer the path the charge must pass through, the higher the
resistance level, so resistance is directly proportional to the length.
⦿ The larger the area (and therefore available room), the lower the
resistance; resistance is inversely proportional to the area.
⦿ Resistance depends on a characteristic of its material called
resistivity (ρ, Greek letter rho). Resistance is directly proportional to
ρ.

⦿ At a fixed temperature of 20°C (room temperature), the resistance is

related to the other three factors by
○ l is the length of the sample,
○ A is the cross-sectional area of the sample, and
○ where ρ (Greek letter rho) is a characteristic of the material
called resistivity,
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 3.2 Resistance: Circular Wires
⦿ For a circular wire, factors affecting the resistance of a
conductor are defined by the following figure:

⦿ For two wires at the same temperature :

1. the higher the resistivity, the more the resistance.
2. the longer the length of a conductor, the more the
resistance.
3. the greater the area of a conductor, the less the resistance.

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 3.2 Resistance: Circular Wires

* 17
 3.7 Types of Resistors
⦿ Resistors are of two types:
⚫ Fixed
⚫ Variable
⦿ The most common of the low-wattage, fixed-type
resistors is the molded carbon composition resistor.
⦿ The size of a resistor does not define its resistance
level.
⦿ Resistors of this type are readily available in values
ranging from 2.7 Ω to 22 MΩ.

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19
3.7 Fixed Resistors
⦿ When power flows through a
resistor, some of the energy is
converted into heat. The
amount of heat a resistor can
safely dissipate is
characterized by its power
rating, and is specified in
wattage.

Nov 22, 2024 20

 3.7 Variable Resistors
⦿ Variable resistors have a terminal resistance that
can be varied by turning a dial, knob, or a screw.
⦿ It has two or three terminals, but most have three
terminals.
⦿ A rheostat is a variable resistor that allows the
manual control of the flow of electric current by
lowering or raising the resistance. When a rheostat
is used in a circuit, the flow of electric current can
be controlled.
⦿ If the three terminal device is used for controlling
potential levels, it is then commonly called a
potentiometer.

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 3.7 Variable Resistors
⦿ When the device is used as a potentiometer, the
connections are as shown in Fig. 3.24. It can be used
to control the level of Vab, Vbc, or both, depending on
the application.

Nov 22, 2024 22

 3.8 Color Coding and Standard Resistor
Values
⦿ A wide variety of resistors, fixed or
variable, are large enough to have their
resistance in ohms printed on the casing.
⦿ Some, are too small to have numbers
printed on them, so a system of color
coding is used.
⦿ For the thin-film resistor, four, five, or six
bands may be used.

Nov 22, 2024 23

 3.8 The Four-band Scheme
⦿ For the four-band scheme, the bands are always read from
the end that has a band closest to the lead. The bands are
numbered as shown as follows:
⦿ The first and second bands represent the first and second
digits, respectively. (First two numbers that define the
numerical value of the resistor.)
⦿ The third band determines the power-of-ten multiplier for the
first two digits (the number of zeros that follow the second
digit for resistors greater than 10 ).
⦿ The fourth band is the manufacturer’s tolerance, which is an
indication of the precision by which the resistor was made.

Nov 22, 2024 24

 3.8 The Four-band Scheme
⦿ If the fourth band is omitted, the tolerance is
assumed to be 20%.
⦿ The fourth band will be either 5% or 10% as
defined by gold and silver, respectively.
⦿ In general, the colors start with the very dark
shades and move toward the lighter shades.

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Nov 22, 2024 26
 3.8 The Four-band Scheme

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 3.8 The Four-band Scheme

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Nov 22, 2024 29
 3.8 The Five-band Scheme
⦿ Some manufacturers prefer to use a
five-band color code. In such
cases, three digits are provided
before the multiplier.
⦿ The fifth band remains the
tolerance indicator.
⦿ A sixth band will appear with the
color indicating the PPM (parts per
million) level which is typically
measured in ppm/°C, that is, parts-
per-million change in ohms per
change of 1 degree centigrade.

Nov 22, 2024 30

Thank You

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