jif{ $, c+s !, @)^& ;fn slt{s !$ ut] cfOtaf/ (Oct. 31, 2010) d"No ?= %.

–
cg'bfgsf] g'g laqmL
;'vt{] .;/sf/n] s0ff{nL c~rndf
cg'bfgdf lbPsf] g'g ;'vt]{ df wdfwd
ljqmL ljt/0f eO/x]sf] 5 . g'g
9'jfgLsf] 7]Ssf kfPsf 7]s]bf/x¿ /
;fN6 6«l] 8ª skf]/{ z
] g lnld6]8 If]qLo
tyf lhNnfl:yt sfof{ n osf
b/n] ljqmL ljt/0f ul//x]sf 5g\ .
Ps af] / fdf %) lsnf] g' g
x' G 5 .d+ u naf/ Ps 7] s ] b f/af6
Po/kf]6{ rf]saf6 @$ af]/f g'g lsg]/
tftfkfgL * cfb{zgu/ rf]sdf
:yfgLo /tgaxfb'/ e08f/L wgaxfb'/
sf“u|];n] kf}8]nsf] ljsNk vf]Hg]
sf7df8f}F . ;+;b\df ePsf] k6s–
k6ssf] lgjf{rgn] ;d]t d'ns ' nfO{ gofF
d}bfg 5f8\g] df]8df b]lvFbg} g\ . nuftf/
;+;b\df rf}w k6s xf/ vfO;s]sf kf}8n]
u/]sf 5}gg\ . sfFu;]| sf] ev{/} ;DkGg
klxnf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt a}7sn] Pdfn]n]
/fdrGb| kf}8n] sf] ljsNk vf]Hg sfFu;] | sf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿ v'daxfb'/ v8\sf,
sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ldn]dtf]df ;'v{]tdf /fjt nufotn] g'g afF8L /x]sf] km]nf k|wfgdGqL lbg g;s]kl5 k|wfgdGqLsf ce}m r'gfj nl8/xg] dfgl;stfdf wf]sf lbPsf] eGb} dfcf]jfbL;Fu lgsl6tf uf]kfndfg >]i7, afns[i0f vfF8, k'ikf
g'g ljqmL ljt/0f eO/x]sf] xf] . kf/]sf] lyof] . /tgaxfb'/n] k|ltlsnf] PSnf pDd]bjf/ /fdrGb| kf}8n] sf] ljsNk b]lvG5g\\ . pgsf] kIfdf dt a9\g' eGbf a9fpg'kg]{ s'/f p7]sf] Ps s]Gb|Lo e'iffn, PgkL ;fpb nufotn] g]tT[ jnfO{
;/sf/n] cg'bfgdf s0ff{nLsf nflu cf7 ?lkofFsf b/n] g'g lsg]/ NofPsf] vf]Hg sfFu; ]| sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿n] emg} 36\b} uPsf] 5 . cfˆg} kf6L{sf ;b:osf] egfO p2t ub}{ ;|ft] n] atfPsf] bafa lbPsf] ;d]t ;|ft] n] atfof] .
lbPsf] cfof]l8g o'St g'gsf] Ps atfP . …ahf/df lsGbf dx+uf] k5{ g]tT[ jnfO{ bafa lbPsf 5g\ . ut z'qmaf/ ;ef;b\n] ;d]t pgsf] kIfdf dtbfg 5 . k6s–k6s ;+;b\df xf/ vfO/x]sf d'ns
' df a9\b} uPsf] /fhgLlts
kf] s fnfO{ s0ff{ n L c~rndf * 7]s]bf/x¿;Fu lsGbf ahf/sf] eGbf a;]sf] sfFu;]| s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sdf ult/f]wnfO{ cGTo ug{ / cfOkg]{ cfly{s
?lkofFdf ljqmL x'G5 eg] ;f]xL g'g cflw ;:tf]df ldnfOlbG5 7]s]bf/sf] ;b:ox¿n] k|wfgdGqLsf pDd]bjf/ ;+s6nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ bnx¿aLr pRr
oxfFsf ahf/df lsGbf !^ ?lkofF kg{ uf]bfdaf6} g'g lsg]/ NofPsf xf}F – kf}8n] sf] ljsNklbg kf6L{ tof/ x'gk' g]{ ;xdltsf] nflu /fdrGb| kf}8n] n] lgsf;
hfG5 . g'g 9'jfgLsf] 7]Ssf kfPsf /tgaxfb'/n] eg] . ;|f]tsf cg';f/ wf/0ff JoQm ub}{ To;tk{m kxn ug{ vf]lnlbg'kg]{ cfjfh rf}tkmL{ ¿kdf p7\g
7] s ] b f/x¿n] s0ff{ n L c~rndf 7]sb] f/x¿sf Po/kf]6r{ f]s / ahf/df g]tT[ jnfO{ bafa lbPsf x'g\ . yfn]sf] 5 . k|wfgdGqLsf PSnf pDd]bjf/
gk'¥ofP/} ahf/df k|ltaf]/f * ;osf -afF s L & k] h df_ hf/L zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ lgZsif{df kf}8n] s} sf/0f d'ns ' uDeL/ cj:yfdf

;xdlt u/]/ dfq ah]6 Û

sf7df8f} F . ljeLGg If] q sf pxfFn] ;/sf/nfO{{ k|zf;lgs vr{ /
k'¥ofpg / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ xf] eg]
sfFu;] | k|wfgdGqLsf] pDd]bjf/ kl/jt{g
ug{ tof/ x'gk' g]{ egfO{ clwsf+z s]Gb|Lo
k'us] f] eGb} dfcf]jfbLn] o; cl3 g}
sfFu;] | nfO{ cfˆgf] pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ lnP/
zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] nflu nrs x'g cfu|x
cy{zf:qLx¿n] ;Defljt cfly{s clt cfjZosLo If]qnfO{{ ;Daf]wg u/]/ ;b:ox¿n] a}7sdf /fv]sf] ;|ft] sf] bfjL ul/;s]sf] 5 . Pdfn] dfcf]jfbL aLr
;+ s 6nfO{ { ;dfwfg ;a} dfq ah]6 Nofpg ;/sf/nfO{{ ;'emfj 5 . k|wfgdGqLsf cGo b'O{ pDd]bjf/ kl5Nnf] ;do ePsf] ;xdltaf6 ctflnP/
;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;xdltdf ah]6 lbg'eof] . sfdrnfp ;/sf/n] k"0f{ k|r08 / emngfy vgfnn] cfˆgf] sfFu;] | n] cfˆgf] clGtd c:qsf] ¿kdf
Nofpg ;/sf/nfO{{ ;'emfj lbPsf clwsf/jfnf ;/sf/x¿h:t} pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ lnPkl5 PSnf k|wfgdGqL pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ glnPsf]
5g\ . sfdrnfp ;/sf/nfO{{ k"0f{ah]6 lqmofsnfk ug{ nfu]sf]kl| t c;xdlt pDd]bjf/sf] ¿kdf /fdrGb| kf}8n] r'gfj hfgsf/x¿n] atfPsf 5g\ . sfFu;] | s}
Nofpg] g}lts cfwf/ gePsfn] ;xdlt hgfpFb} k"j{ueg{/ If]qLn] eGg'eof], nl8/x]sf 5g\ . /fli6«o ;xdltsf] nflu sf/0f d'ns ' df 7"nf] ;+s6 cfPsf] eGb}
u/] / dfq ah] 6 Nofpg' kg] { d f …kl5Nnf] ;dodf # va{ %) cj{ Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbLn] cfˆgf] pDd]bjf/ pgLx¿n] d'ns ' nfO{ lgsf; lbg sfFu;] | nfO{
pgLx¿sf] hf]8 lyof] . hg;~rf/ a/fa/sf] k"0f{ ah]6 Nofpg nfu]sf] lkmtf{ lnPklg sfFu;] | sf pDd]bjf/ eg] nrs ;d]t x'g cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ .

kf}8]nsf] kGw|f}+ xf/ lglZrt

cleofgåf/f /fhwfgLdf cfof]lht xf] h:tf] efg xfdLdf k/]sf] 5 . To;f]
cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx¿n] ug{] clwsf/ sfd rnfp ;/sf/nfO{{ l;:g' a]r]/ nvklt Û
sfdrnfp ;/s/fn] nfdf] ;do /xGg .Ú ah]6;Fu} /fhgLlts bz{g DofUbL . af6f] s f] lsgf/f,
k|efj kfg]{ u/L s'g} klg lqmofsnfk klg cfpg] x' g fn] sfd rfnfp v]taf/L / hËnel/ v]/ uO/x]sf]
ug{ gx'g] eGb} ;xdltsf] cfwf/df ;/sf/nfO{{ Tof] cflwsf/ x'Gg, olb sf7df8f} F . gofF k| w fgdGqL ;s]sf 5}gg\ . Joj:yflksf ;+;b\df nrstfk"j{s ;xdltsf] nflusf] Rjf:; kf]Ng] emf/ l;:g' a]r/] o;
rNn' kg] { d f hf] 8 lbPsf x' g \ . To;f] ul/P ljsf; sfo{qmd cnkq rogsf nflu Joj:yflksf ;+;b\df sfFu];sf] dfq !!$ ef]6 5 t/ cufl8 a9\bf ;d]t sfFu]; tof/
k" j { u eg{ / bLk] G b| a xfb' / If] q Ln] k5{ pxfF n ] eGg' e of] . b] z sf] jif{ oxfFsf dlxnfn] emf]nLel/ nfvf}F
k6s–k6s ePsf] lgjf{rgn] ;d]t sfFu|];sf pDd]bjf/ kf}8]nn] ut gx'g'n] k|ltqmflGtsf] if8oGq ;'? ?lkofF hDdf kf/]sf 5g\ . lhNnfsf]
sfdrnfp ;/sf/n] ;xdltsf] cy{tGqnfO{{ rnfpg / lghL If]qsf] d'ns' nfO{ k|wfgdGqL lbg ;s]sf] 5}g z'qmaf/ ePsf] lgjf{rgdf (^ dt ePsf] cfz+ s f u/] s f] 5 . ptf
cfwf/df ah] 6 Nofpg ;Sg] ljZjf; lngsf] nflu klg ah]6 bfgf, 3f/, 3tfgnufotsf
eg] ef]ln x'g] lgjf{rgn] k|wfgdGqLsf dfq k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . ;+;b\df em08} sfFu;
]| sf pDd]bjf/ kf}8n
] eg] ;xdlt
atfpg'eof] . sfdrnfp ;/sf/nfO{{ cfpg'kg]{df k"j{ueg{/ If]qLsf] hf]8 PSnf pDd]bjf/ /fdrGb| kf}8]nsf] b'O{ltxfO ax'dt /x]sf dfcf]jfbL x'g g;s] Pdfn]n] cfk"mnfO{ dt xfNg' uflj;sf dlxnfn] l;:g'sf] d'G6f /
k"0f{cfsf/sf] ah]6 Nofpg] s'g} klg lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;xefuL k"j{d'Vo kGw|fc
} f}F xf/ x'g] lglZrt 5 . k|wfgGqL Pdfn] / dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/d kg]{ ts{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . /fli6«o k"mnsf] w"nf] agfO l;:g' kfp8/
clwsf/ g/xg] pxfFsf] egfO lyof] . -afF s L & k] h df_ dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] c;f/ !^ ut] g]kfnn] lgjf{rg alxisf/ ub}{ cfPsf ;xdltsf] nflu eGb} Pdfn]n] o;cl3 laqmL u/]/ of] jif{ ? kfFr nfv
Pdcf/kL Ps ;ftfkl5
sf7df8f} + . d] l ;g l/8] a n g]kfn cfPkl5 JolStut ;"rgf el/g]
cfˆgf] kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbP kl5
;fpg % ut]af6 k6s–k6s u/L
5g\ . cf} l rTolxg lgjf{ r gdf
nflu/x]sf sfFu;]| pDd]bjf/ kf}8n
] sf]
g} k|wfgdGqL lgjf{rgaf6 aflxl/g]
lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] .
%) xhf/ cfDbfgL u/]sf x'g\ .
oxfFsf dlxnfn] o; jif{ !# lSjG6n
rf}wk6s gofF k|wfgdGqL rogsf] xf/ ce} m a9\ b f] qmddf 5 . Joj:yflksf ;+ ; b\ d f ePsf] l;:g'sf] w"nf] pTkfbg u/L lhNnf
kf;kf] 6 { P dcf/kL Ps ;ftfkl5 5 . ;"rgf eg{ d]l;g eg] sf7df8f}+ nflu lgjf{rg eO;s]sf] 5 . ;' l gof] l ht ¿kdf d' n ' s nfO{ k|wfgdGqL lgjf{rgnfO{ ;ef;b\x¿n] aflx/ laqmL u/]/ of] cfDbfgL u/]sf
k|mfG;af6 g]kfn cfOk'Ug] ePsf] 5 . cfO;s]sf] 5 . kmf/d e/]sf] ^ b]lv kGw|f} xf/sf] k|ltIffdf /x]sf k|ltqmflGtsf] lbzftk{m n}hfg o:tf gf6ssf] ;+1f lbPsf 5g\ . slxNo}
klxnf] r/0fdf $ nfv Pdcf/kL * xKtfleq Pdcf/kL pknAw u/fpg] x'g\ . l;:g' a]r]/ o; jif{ bfgfsL
/fdrGb| kf}8]nn] cfˆg} kf6L{ leqsf lqmofsnfk eO/x]sf] dfcf]jfbLn] ;kmn gx'g] lgjf{rg eGb} pgLx¿n] d}tL tfdfªn] ?= #) xhf/ cfDbfgL
g]kfn leqg] 5 .sflQs !& b]lv @) k//fi6« dGqfnon] hgfPsf] ;ef;b\af6 ;d]t k"0f{ dt k|fKt ug{ atfPsf] 5 . p;n] cfk" m o;nfO{ gf6s eGb} of] gf6snfO{
ut] leq klxnf] r/0fdf Pdcf/kL 5 .cGt/fli6«o gful/s p8og ;+u7g u/]sL 5g\ . of] jif{ l;:g'sf] w"nf]
tTsfn aGb ub}{ d'ns ' nfO{ lgsf; lbg a]r]/ @% xhf/ ?lkofF / l6d'/
g]kfn cfOk'Ug] k//fi6« dGqfnosf
clwsf/Lx¿n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ .
k|mfG;]nL sDkgL cf]ay{ 6]Sgf]nf]lhhn]
cfOsfcf]sf] afWosf/L k|fjwfgcg';f/
g]kfnn] ;g\ @)!! hgj/L ! tfl/saf6
Pdcf/kL ljt/0f ug'k{ g]5 { . ut ebf}sf]
If]Kof:q ;fKtflxs ;d]t cfJxfg u/]sf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg;ef
xndf uP/ dtbfg ug'k{ g]{ ;ef;b\ g}
lgjf{rgsf] lj/f]wdf plqg yfn]kl5
a]r]/ ^) xhf/ ?lkofF cfDbfgL
u/] , g] K 6] r f} / sL uËf vqLn] .
Pdcf/kL 5fKg] sfd ;DkGg
ul/;s]sf] / g]kfn k7fpg] k|lqmof
bf];f| ] ;ftf ;/sf/ / cf]ay{ sDkgLaLr
Pdcf/kL 5kfO{df x:tfIf/ ePsf]
ca j]a;fO8df ca of] k|wfgdGqL lgjf{rg k|lqmof aGb c;f]hb]lv kmfu'g;Dd l;:g' l6Kg],
w"nf] agfO laqmL ug{ / k|of]u ug{
u/L gofF k| l qmofdf nfUg' k g] {
;'? u/]sf] atfOPsf] 5 vfln kf;kf]6{ lyof] . www. chhepyastraweekly.wordpress.com ljZn]ifsx¿n] atfPsf 5g\ . -afF s L & k] h df_

/·/f]ugkl5 /fgLdxndf 3'O“rf] s7\k'tnL ;/sf/sf] wDsL dflns l/emfpg] ;f]r

kfNkf . g]kfn ko{g jif{nfO{{ nlIft lbg'xG' 5 . pxfFn] eGg'eof]– …tfg;]gdf s'FlbPsf] 9'Ëf / OF§faf6 agfOPsf bfOnfO{ ;lSbg, efph'nfO{ afsL bn¿kL b] z 3ftLx¿sf] hdft st} af6 l5k]sf] 5}g, t/ /fli6«otfsf]
u/L /Ë/f]ug ul/Pkl5 g]kfnsf] a;]/ oxfF cfpg / hfg dfq} Pslbg v'8lsnf] tn l;wf sfnLu08sL gbL /flVbg eGg] g]kfnL pvfg km]/L Ps la:tf/afbL x:tIf]k tyf cTofrf/sf] la?4df g]kfn tyf g]kfnLsf] la?4df
tfhdxnsf¿kdf Vofltk| f Kt nfU5, lwt dg]{ u/L 3'Dg / b/af/sf] s'08df hf]l8Psf] 5 . k|l;4 d'lStgfy k6s ;/sf/ ¿kL s7k' t nLn] la?4df PszAb ;d] t gaf] N g] , of] e'm08 otL lgr tj/n] lubf]{/x]5
kfNkfsf] P]ltxfl;s /fgLdxn b/af/ cjnf]sg ug{sf nflu ;do k'Ub}g . lty{ h fg] d' V oåf/ ePsfn] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] 5 . P;af6 Pp6f cf}krf/Ls la/f]w;Dd gug]{ tyf s'g} eGg] klg 5n{u+ ePsf] 5 . kf6L{ geO
olta]nf :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ko{6ssf …lj=;+= !(%) df lznfGof; eO{ rf/ ltyf{n'x¿nfO{{ a:g] ;'ljwf;lxtsf csf]{ kIf klg phfu/ ePsf] 5, Tof] /fi6«afbL kf6L{ tyf hgtf:jo+n] Tof] Psfb AoQmL x]//] lbOPsf laZjf;sf
nflu cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb|ljGb' ag]sf] 5 . jif{ d f b/af/, dlGb/, kf}jf;d]t lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . s] eg], ef/tn] g]kfndf x:tIf]k ug]{ la:tf/afbL cTofrf/ tyf gf+uf] dtx¿ ;d]t logLx¿ cfkm}F u'dfpb}
nfdf] ;do;Dd ;+ / If0fljxLg kf6Lkf}jf;lxtsf] lgdf{0f sfo{k"/f g]kfns} tfhdxnsf¿kdf b/af/sf] lyof] of lyPg, ;SYof] of ;Sg] lyPg, x:tIf]ksf] la/f]w ubf{ ;d]t ;/sf/n] uO/x]sf 5g\ . of] kl/l:ylt a'em]s}
cj:yfdf /x]sf] ;]tf] /ªn] /lËPsf] ePsf] af}3fu'Daf uflj;– @ df rrf{ lgs} ;'g]/ cjnf]sgsf nflu Tof] Ps 7fpFdf 5 eg] g]kfnL /fhg]tf ltgsf] x'd{tlng], ljz'4 ef/tLo sf/0f ;+lawfg lgdf{0f tyf ;]gf
/fgLdxnnfO{{ olta]nf ;]tf] /Ëdfly cjl:yt /fgLdxn b/af/ ;8s eStk' / af6 cfPsf lbk] z >] i 7 efiffdf ;dfof]hgsf sfd l;Wofpgf ;fy gofF
/Ë yKb} aLr efudf gLnf] /ªn]
/ËfOPkl5 /fgLdxn b/af/ x]g{
c;'ljwfsf sf/0f ToxfF;Dd hfg]
ko{6sn] ;f:tL a]xf]b{} cfpg'k/]sf] 5 .
oftfoftsf] c;'ljwf sf/0f b/af/sf]
rrf{ Toltw] / } x' g g;ls/x] s f] If]Kof:q ax; wDSofpg]
u/] a f6 of]
lgjf{rgdf hfg'kg]{ ePsf sf/0f of]
e'm08 s'gk} lg xfntdf ;]gf ;dfof]hg
:jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ko{6ssf] 3'Or
nfUg yfn]sf] 5 . /fd]5fkaf6 b/af/
F f] sfnLu08sLsf] pQ/tkm{ xflgg] df]8df
ljzfn r§fgdfly klZrdL
atfpg'xG' 5 . oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf x'g]
xf] eg] oxfF ko{6ssf] 3'OrF f] g} nfUg] Pg=kL= sfˆn] ‘/f]zg’ ;/sf/ tyf
of] ;/sf/df
gug]{, ;+lawfg lgdf{0f gug]{ tyf
oyfl:yltnfO{ nDAofpb} n}hfg] kIfdf
3' D g cfPsf k| b Lk v8sf snfz}nLdf /x]sf] /fgLdxn b/af/sf] pxfF 7f]s'jf ug{x'G5 . …ljxfg * ah] elgg] :jfyL{ tyf bnfnx¿sf] e'm08n] cfa4 bnx¿ slt lhDd]jf/ 5g\, 5 eg]/ eGg]x¿sf] klg sdL 5}g,
sfnLu08sLsf] lsgf/fdf /x] s f] afofFtkm{ zLQnkf6L, b/af/ kl/;/df lx8]/ cfOof], b/af/sf] cjnf]sg ef/tLo la:tf/afbsf] x:tIf]knfO{ s;sf] kIfdf sfd ub}5 { g\ eGg] ;d]t 36gfqmdx¿n] oL s'/fnfO{ ;flat
/fgLdxn b/af/ ;fFlRrs} dgdf]xs kmf]x/fsf nflu s'lF bPsf 9'Ëfn] lgld{t dHhf;Fu ug}{ gkfP/ km{sg' k¥of],{ Ú lgDTofPsf] tyf To;nfO{ c? a9fPsf] c? k|:6 ePsf] 5 . hgtfsf] ;fy ul/lbFb} uPsf 5g\ .
/x] s f] pNn] v ub} { o; If] q df b'O{j6f kf]v/L, bflxg]tkm{ kx/f lbg] rf/306f nufP/ b/af/ k'Ug'ePsf eg] k|:6 ePsf] 5 . Pskl5 csf]{ tyf ;dy{ g gePsf, hgtfn] la:tf/afbL b't ;'b tyf /csf]
a;f]jf;sf nflu kof{Kt xf]6nsf] :yn 5 eg] v'8lsnf]sf] afofFtkm{ >]i7 eGg'x'G5– …ca rfF8} km{sg] ub}{ ef/tLo x:tIf]k a8\b} uO/xg], g?rfPsf tyf lgjf{ r gdf Ph]G6 ;'at| bfznfO{ slxn] sfo{jfxL
Joj:yf x'g;s]df :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL Pp6} lsl;dsf] lzj / uËfsf b'O{ ;'/;f/ gug{] xf] eg] af6f]d} cnkq g]kfnsf] ;/sf/¿kL s7k'tnLsf] k/flhtx¿sf] e'm08n] la:tf/afbL x'G5 < oL cjfG5Lt tTjx¿nfO{
ko{6ssf] cem} 3'OFrf] nfUg]df hf]8 dlGb/ 5g\ . b/af/sf] d"n9f]sfaf6 -afF s L * k] h df_ e'm08 tyf Tof] ;/sf/df ;xefuL cf8df /fHo;Qf sAhfu/]sf] s'/f t -afF s L & k] h df_
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lgs} 7"nf] s'af{gL u/]/ pknAw lgsfn]/ l;+uf] k|; ] hutnfO{ wDSofpg],
u/]sf] ;Lldt pknlAw;d]t vf]l;g]
lglZrt k|foM ePsf] 5 . kl/l:ylt ax;dfly ax; a]nf s'an ] f, cfˆgf] ;gssf] e/df csf]{
b]zsf] ;LdfIf]qdf uP/ z+sf:kb
k]ml/Fb} hfFbf pknlAw dfq xf]Og, b]zsf]
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ca h' Q f dflns dfq xf] O g, Ph]06 ;'at| bf;nfO{ sf/jfxL ug{
;Gb]zafxs k/]jfnfO{{ u|fdL0f OG6/g]6 k|fe] fO8/ P;f]l;P;gsf] af]8d{ f ;+nUg
gf]s/x¿nfO{ ;d]t k|xf/ ug'k{ 5{ . k6s–k6s lbPsf] lgb] { z g;d] t
;/;Nnfx / ;'emfj k|fKt x'g5 ] eGg]df xfdL ;a} g]kfnL hgtf ca k|:6 nTofP/ clxn] ; Dd sfo{ G jog
a|f8] Aof08nfO{{ k5fl8 kf/] . a'waf/ 6«k] m 8]lj;n] of] /]; cfof]hgf u/]sf
Aofsfo/l:yt Ps kmd{df !) j6f k/]jf lyP . pgL b]vfpg rfxGy] ls a]nfotdf
ljZj:t 5f}F . cfufdL lbgdf ce}m ;zQm ¿kdf x'gk} 5{, s;}sf] ck/fwsf] lj/f]w gug'{
eg]sf] To;sf] ck/fwnfO{ ;dy{g ug'{
gug]{x¿n] :jfledfgL g]kfnLdfly
sf/jfxLsf] wDsL lbg'af6 cfkm}F k|:6
5f]l8of] . oL k/]jfx¿ !@) lsnf]ld6/ Ps ltxfO{ 3/ clxn] klg a|f8] Aof08
6f9f :s]ug};df …o'P;aL lsh k'Ug' sg]S;g lng ;Sb}gg\ .
cufl8 a9\g] k|0f ub{5f}F . xf], To;nfO{ c? ck/fwsf] nflu x'G5 logLx¿ sf] x'g\ < logLx¿ s;sf
@)^& ;fn sflt{s !$ ut] cfOtaf/ ˆ3

/fhgLlts ;xdltlagf
cfly{s lg0fo{ x'g ;Sb}g
sfdrnfp ;/sf/n] s'g} klg xfntdf ah]6 Nofpg ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f
xfd|f] kf6L{n] k6s–k6s eGb} cfPsf] 5 . ;+;b\df ah]6 Nofpg klxnf
/fhgLlts ;xdlt x'gk' 5{
ef/tLo zf;sx¿sf] g]kfndf cl:y/tf lgDTofpg] of]hgfcg';f/ g} t/fO{df zflGt ;'/Iff
gfh's ag]sf] xf] .
xfdL hgtfaf6 slxNo} PlSng ;Sb}gf},+ xfdLnfO{ t/fO{af6 PSNofpg] h'g k|of;
ePsf] 5 Tof] ToxLsf hgtfn] rsgfr'/ kf/L lbg] 5g\ .
;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL x]dGtk|sfz cf]nL ‘;'bz{g’ kf]ln6Jo"/f] ;b:o PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL
) slxNo} g6'lËg] k|wfgdGqLsf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/n] PstkmL{ ¿kdf Pdfn] eg]sf] dfwj g]kfn / s]kL cf]nL g]kfnL ;]gfsf sdf08/x¿n] h]–h:tf g6'lËb} cgldgnfO{ lkmtf{ ug]{ if8oGq lgDTofpg] of]hgf cg';f/ g} t/fO{df
v] n df tkfO{ x ¿ slxn] ; Dd ah]6 Nofpg ;Dej 5}g . dfq xf]Og, Pdfn]leq b]zelStk'0f{ lqmofsnfkx¿ ul//x] s f 5g\ , xFb' 5
} . of] s'/f xfdLnfO{ dfGo x'bF g} . zflGt ;'/Iff gfh's ag]sf] xf] .
nflu/xg' x' G 5 < ) dfcf] j fbLn] ah] 6 Nofpg r]tgf ePsf sof} ;fyLx¿ 5g\ eGg] To;af/]df s'g} klg l6sfl6Kk0fL x'bF g} ) To;f]eP, cgldg 5Fb} g]kfnsf] ) ;/sf/sf] sfo{ z } n L tyf
xfdLn] klxNo g} gofF k|lqmofdf hfpm glbP/ b] z nfO{ ajf{ b Ltk{ m xfdLnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . d'ns' nfO{ cufl8 t/ ljbfdf /x]sf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf zflGtk|lqmof, lgZsif{df gk'Ug] t/fO{ s f] cfGbf] n g x] b f{
elg;s]sf 5f}F . g]skf dfcf]jfbL nfF b } 5 eGg] k| w fgdGqLsf] a9fpgsf] nflu tL ;fyLx¿;Fu Pstf sdf08/x¿sf] rLg e|d0f of cGo eof] t < dfcf] j fbLnfO { PSNofpg ]
clxn] rln/x]sf] k|wfgdGqL lgjf{rg cleJolQm aflx/ cfPsf] 5, a9fpg] of]hgf cg';f/ g} xfdLn] ljifonfO{ lnP/ /fhgLlts uGw lbg ;]gf;dfof]hg ug],{ ;+ljwfg n]lv;Sg] h:tf] b]lvG5, o:tf] cj:yfdf
k|lqmofsf] kIfdf 5}g . hgtfn] klg o; ;Gbe{df s] eGg'x'G5 < Pdfn];uF ;xdlt u/]sf xf}F . xfdLn] vf]Hg] h'g k|jl[ t 5, Tof] jf:tjdf clg zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ lgZsif{df tkfO{ + x ¿sf] /0fgLlt s:tf]
gofF k|lqmofdfk{mt\ d'ns
' n] l56f]eGbf sfd rnfp ;/sf/sf k|wfgdGqLn] jfdkGyLx¿aLrsf] Pstfsf] cfwf/df k|ltlqmofjfbL sf]0faf6 xfdLnfO{ k'¥ofP/ cgldgnfO{ ljbf ubf{ /fd|f] x' G 5 <
l56f] gofF ;/sf/ kfcf];\ eGg] rfx]sf] ef/tLo lj:tf/fjbsf] lgb]{zgdf h] Pp6f jfdkGyL df]rf{ agfpg] cleofg xf]Rofpg ul/Psf] r]i6f xf] . ljbfdf x'G5 eGg] xfd|f] egfO xf] . To;f] x'g xfdL hgtfaf6 slxNo} PlSng ;Sb}gf},F
5. dg nfUof] ToxL cleJolQm lbO/x]sf yfn]sf xf}+ . ToxL l;nl;nfdf Pdfn];uF /x]sf hg;]gfsf sdf08/nfO{ cfˆgf] ;s]g eg] csf]{ s'g} ljZjfl;nf] xfdLnfO{ t/fO{af6 PSNofpg] h'g
) sfd rnfp ;/sf/n] ha{h:tL 5g\ . d'n'snfO{ jjf{bL{tk{m 8f]¥ofpg ;xdlt ePsf] xf] . xfdL ;d:of of]hgf cg';f/ hxfF;'s} hfg kfpg] dWo:ystf{ eof] eg] Tof] ljsNk x'g k|of; ePsf] 5 Tof] ToxLsf hgtfn]
¿kdf ah]6 Nofpg] elg/x]sf] ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbn] cfGtl/s ¿kdf ;dfwfgsf] nflu l56f]eGbf Psh'6 :jtGqtf 5 . ;S5 gq eg] cgldgnfO{ oxfFaf6 rsgfr'/ kf/L lbg] 5g\ . xfd|f] kIfdf
5, o; ljifodf s] eGg'x'G5 < v]ln/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{sf] lj?4 eP/ cufl8 a9\g'k5{ . jfdkGyL ) cgldgsf] Dofb klg ;lsFb}5, ljbfO ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/f unt 5 . /x]sf hgtf b]lv 56k6fPsf s]xL
sfdrnfp ;/sf/n] s'g} klg xfntdf ef/tLo bnfnx¿ sfd rnfp aLrsf] Pstfsf] lj?4 s]xL zlQmx¿ zflGt k| l qmofdf s' g } k| u lt ) kl5Nnf] ;do t/fO{+sf] zflGt zlQmx¿ ctflnPsf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf]
ah]6 Nofpg ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f xfd|f] ;/sf/sf k|wfgdGqLdfk{mt\ nflu nfu]sf 5g\, To;sf lj?4 klg g]kfnL ePsf] 5} g , o:tf] cj:yfdf ;' / Iff cToGt} gfh' s aGb} if8oGqnfO{ dw];L hgtfn] /fd|f];Fu
kf6L{n] k6s–k6s eGb} cfPsf] 5 . k/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL hgtfsf] lj?4 hgtf Psh'6 x'G5g\ eGg] xfdLnfO{ ca zflGt k| l qmof s;/L uPsf] 5, ;/sf/n] zflGt a'e]msf 5g\ . xfd|f] sfdsf/jfxL /
;+ ; b\ d f ah] 6 Nofpg klxnf ;d]t pgLx¿n] af]ln/x]sf 5g\ . nfu]sf] 5 . cufl8 a9\ 5 < ;' / Iff lbg ;ls/x] s f] 5} g , e"ldsfn] dw];L hgtfaf6 xfdLnfO{
/fhgLlts ;xdlt x' g ' k 5{ . o;sf] s'g} t's 5}g . ) xfn } d fq hg; ] ggfsf
fsf ;w} cgldg /lx/xg' k5{ eGg] kIfdf o; ;Gbe{df s] eGg'x'G5 < s'g} zlQmn] cnUofpg ;Sb}g . xfdL
/fhgLlts ;xdlt lagf cfly{s lg0f{o ) tkfO{+x¿ / Pdfn] aLr ePsf] sdf08/x¿n] rLg e| d 0f xfdL klg 5}gf}F . cgldgsf] lgZkIf ef/tLox¿sf] ;+/If0fdf t/fO{df o:tf hgtfsf] kf6L{ ePsf] x'gfn] hgtfn]
x'g} ;Sb}g . ah]6 Nofpg] ljifodf ;xdltn] s'g} lgsf; lgsfNg u/
u/]] s f] ljifonfO { lnP/ e"ldsfsf] lj?4 k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx¿ ultljlw eO/x] s f 5g\ . v' N nf klg xfdLnfO{ cfˆgf] kf6L{ 7fg]sf]
;/sf/ xf]Og /fhgLlts bnx¿aLr ;ls/x] s f] 5} g , ca s;/L ;/sf/n] cfklQ hgfPsf] 5, nflu/x]sf 5g\ . ltgLx¿sf] of]hgf ;Ldfgfsf sf/0f / ef/tLo x'gfn] s;}n] PSNofpg vf]Hbf Tof] cfkm}
;xdlt x'g h?/L 5 . clxn]sf] cufl8 a9\g' x'G5 < o; ljifodf s] eGg' x'G5 < cg';f/ g} g]kfnsf] zflGt k|lqmof zf;sx¿sf] g] k fndf cl:y/tf ljgfz eP/ hfG5 .

g]skf dfcf]jfbL clxn] rln/x]sf] k|wfgdGqL lgjf{rg

k|lqmofsf] kIfdf 5}g . hgtfn] klg gof“ k|lqmofdfk{mt\
d'ns' n] l56f]eGbf l56f] gofF ;/sf/ kfcf];\ eGg]
d}n] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] g]kfn
s] x L lbg cl3 bz} + ljbfdf s'g{ kg{ 5}g .g]kfnsf cy{lbx?sf]
rfx]sf] 5 . yfONof08sf] e|d0fkl5 kms]s { f Pshgf g/axfb'/ ;nfdL al'¢df klg las{ nfu]h:tf] 5 . olb
;/n] yfONof08sf] af/]df yf]/} hfgsf/L clgoldtfsf] cf/f]k htf{ ;dfrf/ s'/fx?nfO{ lgs} cfsif{ 9+un] b]vfOPsf] pgLx?df g]kfndf ePsf] kFh " L kl/rfng
u/fP . yfONof08df ;Dk"0f{ sfdx? zLif{x?n] xfd|f] bl/b|tf emsf{p5F . o;n] 5 . oxfFsf ;a} dflg;x?df Odfbf{l/tf ug{;Sg] xf] eg] y'k} | 7"nf-7"nf cfof]hgfx?
sDKo"6/fOHb 5 eGg] s'/fn] crDd ;Dk"0f{gLltx?sf] lgdf{tf /fhgLlt x'g] xf] eg] To:tf] g]kfn jf xfdLn] ;DkGg ug{;lsG5 eGg] pbfx/0f t
nfUof] . slt jif{;Dd ljsf;sf] kmn ug{x?sf] e|i6 Jojxf/n] ubf{ ;Dk"0f{tx kl/sNkgf u/]sf] g]kfn aGg w]/} ;do o'lg6L nfOkmn] g]kfnL hgtfaf6
Pdfn] eg]sf] dfwj g]kfn / s]kL cf]nL dfq xf]Og, rfVg gkfPsf yfONof08sf / tsf{df of] u'0f ;/]sf] k|iof{p5 F clg nfUg] 5}g . To;sf] nflu t xfd|f cd"No p7fPsf] /sd / p;n] u/] s f
Pdfn]leq b]zelStk'0f{ r]tgf ePsf sof} ;fyLx¿ 5g\ gful/sx?n] s]xL jif{f g} oqf] km8\sf] s;/L aG5 gofF g]kfnTo:t} s]xL lbg hl8a'6Lx?sf] k|zf]wg s]Gb| g]kfnd} sfdx?af6} k'li6 x'G5 . o'lg6Ln] h:t}
dfg{ ;s]sf 5g\ eg] xfdLx? lsg o;df cl3 k|wfgdGqLn] clVtof/sf ;lrjnfO{ x'gk' 5{. ;fd'bflos jgsf sf7x? a]r/] sfo{/\ d ;/sf/L :t/af6 ;+rfng ug{
eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . d'ns
' nfO{ cufl8 a9fpgsf] s5'jf ult Û ;+w} /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ cfˆgf] sfo{Ifdf af]nfO ljjflbt g]kfn /ftf/ft dfnfdfn x'g] 7]sb] f/x?nfO{ xf] eg] g]kfn ;/sf/n] c/af}+ ?lkofF
nflu tL ;fyLx¿;Fu Pstf a9fpg] of]hgf cg';f/ g} dfq ufnL ug{ xfdLx?n] eg] cfˆgf] jfo' ;]jf lgudsf] hxfh vl/b Pp6f dfb08df of{Og'k5{. ;fd'bflos ;+sng ug{;S5 . Pshgf dfG5]af6
xfdLn] Pdfn] ; F u ;xdlt u/] s f xf} F . xfdLn] bfloTj e'ln/x]sf 5f}+ h:tf] nfUof] . k|ls\/ofdf ;xof]u ug{lgb{zg lbg' klg jg ;vfk kfg{;3fpg] jg sfof{nosf !% @) xhf/ lagf of{h v]nfpg kfof]
lsgeg] pgLx?nfO{ va/bf/L ug]{ sfd /fd|f] xf]Og . cs{ 36gf s]xL lbg cl3 sd{f/Lx?nfO{ sf/afxLsf] bfo/fdf eg] nfvf}+ hgtfaf6 p7]sf] /sdaf6
jfdkGyLx¿aLrsf] Pstfsf] cfwf/df Pp6f jfdkGyL t xfd|f] xf] . d]/f] dfg;k6ndf Psflt/ ljdfg:yndf /fi6|kltsf 5f]/fn] d]/f] of{Og'k5{. sfd} ;DkGg geOsg sfuhL g]kfnn] ;+rfng ug{g;Sg] elgPsf
df]rf{ agfpg] cleofg yfn]sf xf}+ . ToxL l;nl;nfdf ToxL ;/n] ;'gfPsf s'/fx? gflr/x]sf nfO;]G; dfUg] sf] xf];\ eGb} cfˆgf] ! ?kdf ;DkGg eg]/ /sd jf{d kfg{ k|jl[ Q dflyNnf] s0ff{nL hnlj& M
5G eg] cs{lt/ xfd|f e|i6 g]tfx? sd{f/L M o'6Ldf vl6Psf k|x/Ldfly /f]lsg'k5{. ljsf;sf gfddf ah]6 o't cfof]hgf lqz'nL sfnLu08sL ;a}
Pdfn];uF ;xdlt ePsf] xf] . 7]sbf/ of{kf/Lx?sf] Jojxf/ 8'aN' sL ce|b Jojxf/ b]vfpg' Tof] klg s;}sf] hyfefjL slgsf 5s{h:t} ug{ebf{ x/]s ;DkGg x'G5G . To;afkt g]kfnL
dfl//x]sf] 5 . o;} l;nl;nfdf o;} lglDt /fd|f] xf]Og . clxn] kf] g]kfnL sfo{kf| yldstfsf cfwf/df dha't hgtfnfO{ b'3{gf ladf jf cGo
/fhwfgL b}lgsdf k|sflzt PcfO{hL hgtfn] /fi6|klt agfOlbPsf 5G / tl/sfn] ;DkGg ul/g'k5{. clxn] ;'ljwfx?df s]xL /sd 5'of{pg ;Sof]
ltdlN;gfnfO{ jvf{:tuLsf] k|tf{a' eGg] /fi6|kltsf] 5f]/f eg]/ kx'r F b]vfpg] sfnf]kq] u/]sf] ;8s cs{ jif{;fgf uf8L eg] xhf/f}+ nfvf}+ hgtfx?n] k};f p7fpg]
g]kfnL ;]gfsf sdf08/x¿n] h]–h:tf lqmofsnfkx¿ zLif{sf] ;dfrf/ oxfF kf7sx?nfO{ :d/0f ef]ln Tof] s'rL{af6 x6]kl5 t pxL e}; + L g} l5g{ evf{nf] agfpg] k|jl[ Q /f]lsg'k5{. 5G h;sf pbfx/0f t ljleGg g]6jls{ª
u/fpg rfxG5' . g]kfn k|x/Lsf] pRr uf]7nf s} 5f]/f] t x'g] xf]nf lg x}g /Ps ;/sf/L ejgx? lgdf{0f ;DkGg eO{ Joj;fo ug{x?n] agfPsf u|fxsx?af6}
ul//x]sf 5g\, To;af/]df s'g} klg l6sfl6Kk0fL x'bF g} t/ cf]xbfdf sfo{t sof{0fs'df/ ltdl_N;gf hgf ;lrj bz}+ ljbfdf 3/af6 kms{] xtf{Gt/0f g} gx'bF } eTsg] ejg agfpg] k|i6 x'G5 . o;sf ;fy} /fhgLlts bnsf
ljbfdf /x]sf hgd'lQ ;]gfsf sdf08/x¿sf] rLg e|d0f of cfˆgf] kbLo bfloTj g} e'n/] lrlgofF s|ddf cfkm" a;]sf] uf8LnfO{ k|jz ] cf1f 7]sb] f/x?sf] nfO;]G; vf/]h ul/g'k5{. g]tfx? / zLif{y\ sd{f/Lx?n] sldzg
of{kf/Lx?sf] tLg nfv @* xhf/ 8n/ 5}g eGb} 6|flkms k|x/Ln] Ps ;o dflg; cf]xf]/-bf]xf]/ ubf{ eTsg] emf]nË' ] vfgsf] nflu ljb]zaf6 cfoft ul/g]
cGo ljifonfO{ lnP/ /fhgLlts uGw lbg vf]Hg] h'g k|jl[ t n' 6 kf6 of{ k f/L ;fho ;/] v fsf] hl/jfgf u/fpFbf pgLx?sf] hflu/ g} k'n agfpg]x?nfO{ sf/afxL ul/g'k5{. k]6f| l] nod kbfy{gk] fn cfon lgudnfO{
5, Tof] jf:tjdf k|ltlqmofjfbL sf]0faf6 xfdLnfO{ xf]Rofpg ckx/0fsf/LnfO{ ;+/If0f lbO{ lkm/f}tL w/fkdf k/]sf] va/ klg k|sflzt o:t} vfg]kfgL lj& M o't dfq xf]Og lghL If]qnfO{ klg lbOg' k5{.
lng] sfddf ;+nUg / 7"nf] kl/0ffddf ePsf] lyof] . ;lrj dxf]bonfO{ gx/ ;fgf tyf n3' hnlj& M g'gsf] 7]sf{ ;fN6 6]l| 8ªnfO{ dfq xf]Og
ul/Psf] r]i6f xf] . ljbfdf /x]sf hg;]gfsf sdf08/nfO{ rfFbL 5'6fPsf] h:tf] cf/f]k nfUg' g]kfnL Tolta]nf t nfh klg nfUg'kg{ To:tf] o't cfof]hgf x/]s sfo{f x'g] n'6kf6nfO{ k|lt:kwf{sf] cfwf/df cfoft ul/g'k5{.
hgtfsf lgldQ slDt b'Mvb s'/f 3d08 / bDesf] Jojxf/ t xfdLn] lgoGq0f ul/g'k5{. sd{f/Lx?nfO{ ;fdfGo o;f] eof] eg] ;Dk"0f{gk] fnLx?sf] ;kgf
cfk\mgf] of]hgf cg';f/ hxf;'s} hfg kfpg] :jtGqtf 5 . xf]Og . pgL htf{ k|x/L clws[tn] To:tf] cfa/f eg]/ ;Daf]wg ug{ u/]sf d'Gb|x] ?n] hLjg ofjg ug{ tna eQfsf] Jojyf{ ag]sf] gofF g]kfn aGg] s]xL ;do nfUg]
Jojxf/ u5{\ eg] xfdLn] s;af6 of{osf] u5{\ clg ;lrj dxf]bo d'Gb|] / tkfO{d+ f ;/sf/n] ug{ t/ e|6f{rf/ ug{ sd{f/LnfO{ 5}g . oxfF t s]jn Odfbf{l/tfsf] vfFrf]
cfzf /fVg] To;} lbgsf] /fhwfgLdf cs{ s] g} leGgtf /Xof] /bz jif{l5sf] g]kfn ljbfafbL ug{ lxDdt ;/sf/n] u f{ ] eg] 5 . oxfF t To:tf] ug{ zl'¢ s;}sf] 5}g
;dfrf/ zLif{ :d/0f u/fpg rfxG5' eGg] k|x;df k|r08 h:t} nfUg] g]kfn jfo' ;]jf lgudnfO{ l/of{P h:t} a? s;}n] ul/xfNof] eg] To;df s;/L
cgldgsf] lgZkIf e"ldsfsf] lj?4 k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmx¿ o' f}g sf08df of{ofwLz lgnlDat' eGg] snfsf/n] cGtjf{tf{ lbO/x]sf] b]vfOPsf] g]kfn cfon lgud vf& M a|Dxn'6 drf{pg ;lsG5 eg]/ nfU5G
nflu/x]sf 5g\ . ltgLx¿sf] of]hgfcg';f/ g} g]kfnsf] ;dfrf/ zLif{n] hgtfk|lt s:tf] k|efj 5 . To;df b]vfOPsf ljsf;sf o ;+yf{g ;fN6 6]l| 8ª ub}{ cGo ;a} clg s;/L aG5 t gofF g]kfn ?k
zflGt k|lqmof g6'l·b} cgldgnfO{ lkmtf{ ug]{ if8oGq xFb' 5} . kfnf{ o;}u/L g]tT[ jaf/] ;xdlt x'bF g} emnsx? ;fx|} cgf}7f 5G . g]kfndf klg lgsfonfO{ vf]sf| ] agfpg t kfpg] 5}gG p:t} ljz]iftf p:t} Jojxf/ p:t} t/
of] s'/f xfdLnfO{ dfGo x'bF g} . d'ns ' b'3g{ f glhs ko{s;Fu rbf{ ! ;o !) tnfsf ejg af6f]3f6f] g} o;sf ;fy} g]kfnL hgtfn] kl/sNkgf gfddf kl/jt{ g' k] fn'df gofF yk]/ agfOof]
p7fpg] b'O{ ks|fp k|wfgfof{ksdfly k' n k' n ] ; f ejg s] j ' n sf/ htf{ u/]sf] gofF g]kfn aGg klg w]/} ;do gofF g]kfn .
ˆ4 @)^& ;fn sflt{s !$ ut] cfOtaf/

km]/L pxL ‘ckmuflg:tfg’

g]kfnsf] cfhsf] /fhgLlt ;Qfsf] afaf;Fu sfkL ;lsof] gofF sk8f
ljlrq ;+;f/
;f];n ldl8ofn] cg;f];n agfp“5===
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kl/jt{gnfO{{ ljB'tLo t/Ëdf abNb5 . b'O{ cd]l/sL ljZjljBfnosf
z'ebLkfjnL – @)^& z'ebLkfjnL – @)^& j}1flgsx¿n] b'O{ tl/sfaf6 o;sf] k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . as{l] :yt Soflnkmf]lg{of
ljZjljBfnosf j}1flgs cln hfaL / pgsf ;fyLx¿n] /a8sf] Pp6f alnof]
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;fnsf] pknIodf ;Dk"0f{ ;fnsf] pknIodf ;Dk"0f{ ub{5 . h;af6 ljB't k|jfx x'g ;S5 / Tof] ;txdflysf] bafjdf lge{/
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bL3f{o' Pj+ pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] bL3f{o' Pj+ pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] 5fnf sd nlrnf] 5 . j}1flgsx¿sf cg';f/ pgLx¿sf] sfdnfO{{ c? pGgt
agfpgsf nflu /fd|f] /a8{ cfjZos kg]5 { . aLaL;L
nflu xflb{s dËndo z'esfdgf nflu xflb{s dËndo z'esfdgf /f]u g} g;fg]{ nfdv'§]
JoQm ub{5f}F . JoQm ub{5f}F . dn]l/of cyf{t\ ˆnf] /f]u s'g} a]nf xfdL sxfF klg Dofgdf/f /f]u s}
¿kdf lrlgGYof] . vf;u/L t/fO{ If]qdf :nf]sf] 8/nfUbf] cftÍ . ˆnf] nfUof]
ls hLjgnLnf r6 Û k|efjsf/L cf}iflwsf] pknAwtfkl5 xfdL sxfF t ca
of] ;d:of Hofgdf/f ;d:ofsf ¿kdf /x]g t/ ljZjsf sltko :yfgdf
ljsf; a8L js{zk kl/jf/ c6f]s]o/ k|f= ln= kl/jf/ eg] ˆnf] cftÍ oyfjt 5 . nfdv'§]af6 ;g{ ˆnf] /f]usf] lgoGq0f /
lgd{nLs/0fsf nflu yk k|efjsf/L pkfo s] x'g;S5 t < of] k|Zgsf]
:joDe", sf7df8f}F ;fg]kf, nlntk'/ hjfkm vf]Hg] qmddf cd]l/sL j}1flgsx¿n] clxn] cfP/ eg] ;dfwfgsf]
h/f] g} klxNofPsf 5g\ pgLx¿n] o;qmddf ˆnf] g} g;g]{ gofF k|hfltsf]
nfdv'§] ljsl;t u/]sf 5g\ . Pl/hf]gf ljZjljBfnosf cg';Gwftfx¿n]
z'ebLkfjnL – @)^& z'ebLkfjnL – @)^& cfk"mx¿n] ljsl;t u/]sf nfdv'§]sf] 6f]sfOaf6 dn]l/of -ˆnf]_ dfq geO{
s'g} klg k|sf/sf] /f]u g;g{] 7f]sj' f u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] Oltxf;d} klxnf]
;fnsf] pknIodf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL ;fnsf] pknIodf ;Dk"0f{ k6s nfdv'§]leq s'g} klg k|sf/sf] /f]usf] k/hLjL x's{g /f]Sgdf dxTjk"0f{
;kmntf kfPsf] ;d]t bfaL u/]sf 5g\ . …o:tf k/hLjLsf] cg'kl:yltdf
bfh'efO tyf lbbLalxgLx¿df g]kfnL bfh'efO tyf nfdv'§]n] /f]u ;fg{;Sb}g .Ú cg';Gwftf ;d"xsf ufu|]g Plngn] atfP .
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5g\ . o;sf] ljsf; / lj:tf/kl5 ljZje/ k|lt jif{nfvf}+ dflg;sf] Hofg
;'v, zflGt, bL3f{o' Pj+ pQ/f]Q/ lbbLalxgLx¿df ;'v, zflGt, aRg] yk bfaL klg cg';Gwftfx¿sf] /x]sf] 5 .

k|ultsf] nflu xflb{s dËndo bL3f{o' Pj+ pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] gUg ofqLx¿sf nflu hxfh
n+bgsf Ps 6"/ ck/]6/n] @@ Otf{ dflg;x¿sf] vf]hLdf 5, h'g
z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}F . nflu xflb{s dËndo z'esfdgf dflg;x¿ ;ft lbg ;Dd gUg ¿kdf hxfhaf6 ofqf ug{ ;S5g . O{jf6/j]h
gfdsf] o; 6"/ ck/]6/sf] Go"l8:6 qm"hsf] ofqf @)!! cu:tdf z'? x'Fb}5 .
o; ofqfsf] vf; s'/f o;sf] cgf}7f] cg'e'tL x'g]5. O{jf6/j]hsf k|jtf{sf
JoQm ub{5f}F . cg'f;/, o; ofqfdf ;a} ofqLx¿ kf}l8g] a]nfdf tyf 3fddf abf{ gf+u}
cf“ r n art tyf C0f a:g]5g . vfgfsf ;dodf dfq ofqLx¿n] sk8f nufpg] 5 . o; k|sf/sf]
ofqfnfO{ o"/f]k]nLx¿n] lgs} ?rfpg] laZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf w]/} h;f]
;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/ cf“ r n OG6/g] ; gn kl/jf/ ofqLx¿ $) aif{eGbf kfsf x'g] tyf o; ofqfsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g] hxfhdf
Ps lao/ af/, ;fgf] /]:6'/f tyf ;g 8]s x'g]5 . ofqfsf ;do o;df
sf}zn6f/, eQmk'/ sf}zn6f/, eQmk'/ qmf]PlzofO{ vfgf v'jfpg] 5 . o"/f]k]nL 6«]jn Ph]+6x¿n] o; ofqfnfO{ …b
cfOn}+8 ckm njÚ gfd lbPsf] 5 .
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kfPsf] 5 . 7"nf bnnfO{{ bf]if lbP/
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dw]zL g]tfx¿n] ;Qf / eQfsf]
/fh]z clx/fh clwsf/jfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{{ ;dfgtf ;xdltsf nflu ljleGg r/0fdf jftf{x¿ eO/x]sf] 5 . t/ ;kmn x'g
lg/Gt/tf dfq vf]lh/fv]sf 5g\ . ug]{ dw]zL g]tf / sd{rf/Lsf] ;"lr ltg{ ufx|f] t/ bnsf g]tfx¿sf] / bIftfdf cfwfl/t bfloTjsf] ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . h;sf] sf/0f hgtfdf lg/fzf 5fPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf]
dw]zLnfO{{ k"0f{ g]kfnL gdfGg] g]kfnL tof/ kf/]/ ;fWo 5}g . dw]zsf] d"2f pkTosfdf #÷# j6f dxn s;/L cfGbf]ngdf kl/0ft ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . nflu bf];|f] k6s ylkPsf] ;do klg qmlds ¿kdf 5f]l6b} uPsf] 5 .
;+rf/ hutsf] e]befjk"0f{ Jojxf/s} Ho"Fbf] /fVg xTof, ckx/0f, ;z:q x'g;S5 < dw]zsf s[lif, l;+rfO{, g]kfnL ;/sf/ / ;~rf/ dw]zL g]tfsf] hgtfsf] d'Vo rfxgf zlfGt / ;+ljwfg dfly olta]nf kl/jt{g ug]{ of]
sf/0f km}lnPsf] ;fDk|bflos /fhgLlt cft+snfO{{ k[i7kf]if0f u/]/ dw]zdf /f]huf/Lsf] cfqmfGt jftfj/0f lgdf{0f eGbf cfd hgtfsf] efjgf ;dod} P]ltxfl;s cj;/nfO{ s;/L x'G5 Wj:t agfpg Psyl/ zlQmx¿ hah{:t
/ ;dfj]zLsf] cf8df 8f]sf]df kfgL lzIff, :jf:Yo, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ / /fHo u/] / sf] 6 fdf kfPsf /fhgLlts a' e m\g yfNg' k 5{ . i6« ;Dk" 0 f{ nfluk/]sf 5g\ . hgtfsf] cfsf+IffnfO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] o; P]ltxfl;s
yfKg] dw]zL g]tfsf] eL8n] g]kfndf k|zf;gnfO{{ lgoldt jf ljsl;t x'g lgo'ltmnfO{{ lalqm ljt/0f ug{ l;kfn" gful/ssf] ;femf ;DklQ xf] . /fi6« cj;/af6 ;Daf]wg ug{ bnx¿ sbflk r'Sg' x'Fb}g . ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ e+u
c/fhgLltsf] ljlwjt yfngL ePsf]] glbg cfGtl/s ¿kdf y'k}| /fhg}lts eO;s] s f 5g\ sltko dw] z L lagfsf] gful/s jf /fli6«otfsf] ug{ nfluk/]sf cb[Zo tyf b[Zo zlQmx¿nfO{ lgZt]h kfg{ ;a} bnx¿
5 . x'nfsL ;8s lgdf{0fdf /fhgLlts bn / g]tfx¿ ;lqmo /x]sf] cg'dfg g]tfx¿ . dw]zL;Fu k};f c;"nL ul/ sNkgf ;d]t ug{ ;lsGg\ . ef}uf]lns ;xdltsf ;fy cufl8 a9\g'sf] ljsNk 5}g .
cj/f]w, /]Nj] ;j]{If0fdf dfcf]jfbL 5 . sf7df8f}+ leq /x]sf s/f]8f}+sf] ;¿jf–j9'jf–lgo"lSt jf l;kmfl/; ug]{ PsLs/0f dfq} ePsf] g] k fndf bnx¿aLr b]lvPsf] lvrftfgLn] d'n'snfO{ c:tJo:t agfPsf] 5 .
cj/f]w, dw]zdf ;z:q cft+s / 3/ hUuf / cGo ;DklQ /Iffy{ dw]z dw]zjfbsf Jofkf/Lx¿jf6 s] ;femf ;fdflhs PsLs/0fsf] yfngL slxn] ;/sf/ sfd rnfpsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 eg] b]z gofF k|wfgdGqLsf] vf]lhdf
;/sf/L ;+oGq ljxLg dw]zn] s:tf] ;d:of ;dfwfg gxf];\ elg rfxgf g]kfnsf] kl/sNkgf ug{ ;lsG5 . ug]{ < cfˆgf] gLlh :jfy{sf sf/0f c8\lsPsf] 5 . ;+;b\df ePsf] rf}w k6ssf] lgjf{rgn] klg d'n'snfO{ gofF
g]kfnsf] k"jf{wf/ tof/ ub}{5 < /fVg] dw]zLx¿ klg sd 5}gg\ . 7"nf bnsf] hflu/ vfg], dw]zjfbsf] g]tfn] p7fPsf] hft–wd{–ju{–lnË jf k|wfgdGqL lbg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . k|wfgdGqLsf cGo b'O{ k|Tof;Ln] d}bfg 5f8]
Psftkm{ lzIff, b}lgs k|zf;g / ljb|fx] nfO{{ ;dfwfg jf pu| x'bF f cfkm\gf] gf/f lbg] t/ dw] z Lsf ;d:of ;d'bfosf] ;fDk|bflos /fhgLltnfO{{ klg g]kfnL sfFu|];sf pDd]bjf/ /fdrGb| kf}8]n ce}m c;kmn k|wfgdGqL
ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{x¿ cj¿4 5g\ zj{:j hfg] 8/n] dflyNnf] tKsfsf ;dfwfg ug{ gvf]Hg] lgolt s} sf/0f g]kfnL ;+rf/hutn] /f]huf/Lsf] bf}8df nflu/x]sf 5g\ . b]vfj6L ¿kdf zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ lgZsif{df k'¥ofpg
eg] csf]{tkm{ dw]zsf 7]s]bf/x¿ clwsf+z dw]zL g]tf / sd{rf/Lx¿ cfh dw]z cfGbf]ngsf] cf}lrTodfly ¿kdf slxn];Dd lz/f]wfo{ ul//fVg] < eGb} pgn] dfcf]jfbL;Fu zt{ /fv]sf 5g\ . d'n'ssf] k|d'v Ph]08fnfO{
cfˆgf] nfO{;G] ;sf] Dofb v'l:sbf klg dw] z leq cfqmfGt jftfj/0fsf] k|Zg p7\b}5 . dw]zjfbL kqsf/, /fli6«o gLlt, /fhg]tf / ;femf jfOkf; u/]/ cufl8 a9\g vf]Hg] sfFu; ]| sf] lgoltdfly ;r]t hgtfn] cf}n + f
If]q k'Ug g;Sg] cj:yfn] dw]znfO{{ lg/Gt/tfsf] rfxgf /fv]sf x'g'k5{ . g]tf, a'l4lhljx¿ dw]zk|lt OdfGbf/ ;+rf/sf] lgdf{0f slxn]b]lv ug]{ < p7fpg yfn]sf 5g\ . d'ns ' nfO{ clg0f{osf] aGbL agfO/fVg sfFu; ]| n] cfˆgf]
u[xo'4tkm{ ws]Nb} 5 . a]nfd} dw]z gful/stf ljt/0f / ;dfj]zLsf x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . dw]zL sd{rf/Lx¿ sfuhL /fi6«jfb / df}lvs ;dfj]zL k|wfgdGqLsf] PSnf] pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ lnO/x]sf] 5}g . o;n] g]kfnL sfFu; ]| nfO{
ghf]ufpg] xf] eg] cfqmfGt dw]zsf] lgod ;xh ¿kdf nfu' eO;Sbf nfedfq vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . dw]zleq gLltn] hgtf dfem ;dfgtfsf] hgtfdfem emg} gËØfPsf] 5 . jfdzlQmx¿ ldn]sf] b]Vg grfxg] sfFu; ]| sf]
cfuf]af6 dw]zL g]tf / l;Fuf] g]kfn sl/a–sl/a j] / f] h uf/em} + ePsf dw] z Lbn sdhf] / x' F b } 5g\ / dgf]efjgf cfpmnf Û k'/fgf] /f]un] olta]nf klg sfd u/]sf] 5 . p;n] /fli6«o ;xdltsf] nflu
klg hf]lug ;Sb}g . ;Qfsf lgldQ dw]zjfbL bnx¿ gofF ;d:ofsf 7" n fbnx¿ k| l t cfd dw] z Lsf] ;fDk|bflos ;+rf/n] ;dfj]zL dfcf]jfbL / Pdfn] aLr ePsf] ;xdltnfO{ cfˆgf] lj?4sf] u7aGwg eGg]
dw]zjfbsf gf/f cnfKg] dw]zL vf]hLdf 5g\ . cfd dw]zLnfO{{ ;kgf ljZjf; a9\b} 5 . dw]zleq x'nfls g] k fnsf] lgdf{ 0 f unf{ < hftLo a'em] sf] 5 . To;sf/0f klg sfFu; ]| n] cfˆgf] pDd]bjf/L lkmtf{ lng dflg/x]sf]
g]tfx¿af6 dw]znfO{{ a]nfd} hf]ufpg' afF8/] dt kfPsf dw]zL g]tfx¿ dWo] ;8ssf] lgdf{0f gx'g,' /]Nj] ;j]I{ f0fdf c;dfgtf a9fpg], ;"rgf >f]tdfly b]lvFbg} . dfcf]jfbL / Pdfn] aLr ePsf] ;xdlt s} sf/0f sfFu; ]| cg]s
k5{ . dw]z s'¿If]q aGb}5 eGg] s'/f clwsf+z cf–cfkm\gf] If]qdf hfg ;Sg] dfcf]jfbLaf6 cj/f]w x'g', dw]zdf cfqmd0f ug]{ / c;dfg Jojxf/ k|sf/sf] c8\sf] yfk]/ d'ns ' sf] eljio cGwsf/ agfpg] lbzfdf nfu]sf] 5 .
;dod} 1ft xf] ; \ . g] k fndf cj:yfdf klg 5} g g\ . h' g ;' s } s[lif pkh /fd|f] gx'g,' k|fs[lts k|sf]k nfu" ug]{ sfo{ olb /fHo k|zf;gaf6 Oltxf;df k6s–k6s g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfFvfdf e|d k}mnfP/ cfˆgf]
dw]zjfbsf] v]tL ug]{ y'k}| g]tf ePklg ;lds/0fdf klg ljb]zL zlQmsf] eO/xg', dw]zsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t x'G5 t/ ;+rf/ hut klg PSnf}6L zf;g ub}{ cfPsf] sfFu|]; olta]nf cfˆgf] cl:tTj /Iffdf nfu]sf]
l;k / ;do1fgsf] cefjdf l;Ëf] cf8df Pp6} dGqfno jfkt dw]zjfb lalqmdf dw]zL g]tfs} ;lqmotf x'g', ;xofqLsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u5{ eg] b]lvG5 . g]kfnL hgtfsf] cufl8 5n{Ë eO;s]sf] sfFu|]; ca b]zL ljb]zL
dw]z d¿e'lddf kl/0ft x'bF } uO/x]sf] ;lxtsf] kf6L{ w/f} 6 Ldf /fVg] /f]huf/Lsf] cefjdf :yflgo o'jfx¿ of] eGbf 7"nf] b"ef{Uo x'g} ;Sb}g . dltof/x¿;Fu ldn]/ ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ lgsDdf ;fljt ug{ sDd/ s;]/
5 . dw]zL zlxbsf] jlnbfg / dw]z bnkltx¿n] dw]zjfbsf] r/d bf]xg ck/fwdf ;+nUg x'g,' lzIff–:jf:Yo zq'sf] ;+s]tdf ldqdfly cfqmd0f nfu]sf] 5 . p;sf] o; k|sf/sf] if8oGqnfO{ g]kfnL hgtfn] /fd|f; ] uF a'em] sf
ljb|fx] ! / @ sf] pknlAwnfO{{ 6]Sb} ul//x]sf s'/f cfd g]kfnLn] a'lem / ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] ljsfz gx'g' /fd|f] ug]{ ;dfhaf6 s] ;femf g]kfnsf] 5g\ . ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ lgsDdf agfpFb} b]znfO{ c:tJo:t agfpg s} nflu
pkxf/sf] ¿kdf kfPsf kb, k};f / ;s]sf 5g\ . Psftkm{ @)%# ;fndf ;+s]t kSs} xf]Og . dw]zjfbL bnsf] kl/sNkgf ug{ ;lsG5 . ;dfj]zL sfFu; ]| n] k|wfgdGqLsf cfˆgf] Psdfq pDd]bjf/nfO{ r'gfjL d}bfgdf bf}8fO/x]sf]
bDed} dUg 5g\ clwsf+z dw]zL g]tf jg dGqLsf] lk=P= sf hflu/ vfPsf Wofg ;Qf ;lds/0fdf dfq} l6ls/xg] g]t[Tj / ckgTj efj lagf lx+;f cg'dfg ug{ hf] s;}nfO{ ufx|f] kb}{g .
/ sd{rf/Lx¿ . ;dfj]zL / cf/If0f JolQm dw]zjfbsf] Jofkfl/s/0fs} xf] eg] cfqmfGt dw]zLx¿ cfkm\g} d'Qm g]kfn agfpg ;lsGg\ . ;a}
s} gf/f hKb} e|i6frf/ ug],{ u}/ sfg"gL
sfo{ ug],{ cfkm\gf] JolQmut :jfy{ k"lt{
sf/0f caf{k+} lt x'g ;S5 < csf]{ tkm{
dw]zL bnx¿sf sfof{nosf axfn
bnsf] lj¿4df ljb|f]x ug{ ;S5g\ .
;Lldt g]tfx¿sf] slyt dw]zjfbsf]
ldnf}+, ;femf / lx+;fd'Qm g]kfn
agfcf}+ . – dw]z bk0f{af6
;r{OlGhgsf] dfWodaf6 g}ltstfsf] kf7
OG6/g]6df sltko o:tf ;r{OlGhg cGo ;r{OlGhgx¿ dflg;nfO{{
;'? ul/Psf] 5, h;n] dflg;nfO{{ g}lts e8\sfjtkm{ nlu/x]sf 5g\ xfdL

a]/f]huf/Lsf] sf/s, cl:y/ /fhgLlt

/fdhL anfdL lab]l;g'kg{] g]kfnLx¿sf] Oltxf; cf} B f] l us ;+ / rgfx¿ la:tf/} lbbLalxgLn] gf/sLo Jojxf/
lzIffsf] kf7 k9fO/x]sf] 5, oL
;r{OlGhgx¿ o;/L tof/ ul/Psf 5g\
ls OG6/g]6 k|of]u ug]x{ ¿nfO{{ nf]e,
dBkfg / kf]gu{ f| kmLb]lv 6f9f /fVg
OG6/g]6df vf]hsf] o:tf] dfWofd
agfpg rfxG5f}F tfls dflg;x¿
cZnLn / cg}lts j]e;fO6x¿b]lv
6f9f /x]/ klg cfˆgf] sfd ug{ ;s'g\ .
x/]s jif{ sDtLdf klg $ nfv o'jf k' / fgf] 5 . Go" g td cfwf/e" t x/fpFb}5, h;sf sf/0f a]/f]huf/L ef]Ug'kl//x]sf] 5 . sf]xL rsf{] 3fd / ;lsof];\ . Odxnfn gfdsf] Pp6f of] ;r{OlGhg o:tf j]e;fO6x¿nfO{{
/f]huf/Lsf nflu tof/ x'G5g\ . tL cfjZostf kl/k"lt{s} nflu cfˆgf] a9fPsf] 5 . hn, hldg, hl6a'8Lsf] sfo{sf sf/0f sf]7fdf ;'t]sf] ;'To} ;r{OlGhgdf tkfO{n] cNsf]xn n]v/] ;r{ lkmN6/ u/]/ tkfO{;fd' vf]hL u/]sf]
o'jf >dzlStsf] ;xL ;b'kof]u x'g ;j{jt ;fx"sxfF lwtf] /fv]/ lab]l;g'kg{] /fd|f] ;b'kof]u ug{ gLlt Nofpg] xf] ePsf] 36gf a9g yfn]sf] 5 . ug'{ eof] eg] ToxfF o:tf] ;fO6 v'Ng]5 hfgsf/L k|:t't ub{5 . h;nfO{{ g}lts
g;Sbf x/]s lbg lab]zLg]sf] hdft afWotf 5 . afWotfjz ufF;, af;sf] eg] a]/f]huf/L dfq 36\g] xf]Og, ;du| c1fgtf / clzlIftsf sf/0f s}of}+ h;df /S;Lsf ljifodf d'l:nd wd{df kx/]bf/x¿n] rl/qsf nflu xflgsf/s
al9/x]sf] 5 eg] csf{lt/ cg}lts / Joj:yf ug]{ wf]sf] af]s]/ p8]sf d' n ' s sf] cfly{ s l:ylt;d] t bfh'efOn] ;8s b'36{ gfdf k/]/ Hofg pNn]v ul/Psf] xfgL / ;f]rsf] lhls/ dfg]sf 5g\ . @! jifL{o s'jt] L gful/s
c/fhs ultljlw al9/x]sf] 5 . pgLx¿ aLrdf bnfnsf] r/d ;sf/fTds x'g] lglZrt 5 . hftLo TofUg'kl//x]sf 5g\ eg] lkmtnf] lgod pNn]v x'g5 ] . oxL kf]gu{ f| kmL / cGo /hfsfcg';f/ ;r{OlGhg kfls:tfg,
g]kfnaf6 k|ltlbg nueu & ;osf] zf]if0fdf k5{g\ . olt dfq geP/ tyf bnLo :jfy{sf nflu v'n]sf ePsf] d'n's g]kfndf hGd]sf xfdL gsf/fTds s'/fx¿sf ljifodf klg o:t} O08f]gl] ;of, dn]l;of, ;+oS' t c/a
xf/fxf/Ldf g]kfnL o'jfx¿ ljb]ztkm{ u}/sfg'gL ¿kdf ;d]t k7fP/ 7Ug] ljleGg ;+u7gsf] rGbf gLlt / aGb g]kfnL ;fgfltgf tndfly u/]s} sf/0f hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g] ub{5 . OG6/g]6df Old/]6\; / cd]l/sfsf OG6/g]6
nflu/x]sf 5g\ . o;/L ljb]z hfg]x¿ ul/G5 . pgLx¿nfO{{ 7Ug] qmd :yfgLo tflnsfn] /f]huf/L If]qdf gsf/fTds h]nhLjg latfpg afWo x'gk' /]sf] 5 . sfd ul//xFbf cfˆgf] rl/q lau|gaf6 k|of]ustf{n] v'a dg k/fO/x]sf 5g\ .
dWo] cf}+nfdf uGg ;Sg] dfqfn] dfq ;fx" b ] l v ljb] z sf] cfkmGt / c;/ k/]sf] 5 . a]/f]huf/Lsf sf/0f oL / o:t} cg]s b'Mv ef]Ug'kgf{sf arfpg oL ;r{OlGhgdf tkfO{nfO{{ klg /hf eG5g\, xfd|f k|of]ustf{ dfq
/fd|f] cj;/ kfPsf 5g\ . xfn} klg sDkgL;d]t /x]sf x'G5g . b]zleq vf8Ldf hfg' dfq k/]sf] 5}g, lbgbxf8} k|dv' sf/0f g]kfnL /fhgLltdf sfnf] :jfut 5 . O;fO{x¿sf nflu o:t} d'l:nd 5}gg\ . x/]s ;ftf k|fKt
cd]l/sfsf nflu l8eL eg{s ] f] eL8 / ePsf k| f s[ l ts ;| f ] t –;fwgsf] ;fdflhs ck/fw klg al9/x]sf jfbn nfUg' g} xf] eGg] s'/fdf b'Od{ t k|sf/sf] ;r{OlGhg 5– ;LskmfOG8 u}/d'l:nd JolStn] k7fPsf] Od]n
sf]l/of hfg nfu]sf] eL8n] g]kfndf pRrtd pkof]u x'g g;Sg' / ePsf 5g\ . ;fdfGo uf] h L rf] / / 5}g . jL/ uf]vf{nLsf gfdn] kl/lrt ckm{ . of] ;r{OlGhgn] dfq ;fO6x¿nfO{{ cfpF5 . h;df h;df of] ;'/lIft
a]/f]huf/L ;d:of s:tf] 5 eGg] s'/f pBf] u snsf/vfgfx¿ qmdzM 5nsk6sf] s' / } 5f8f} + , lbpF ; } g]kfnL o'jfx¿ oltv]/ kz'Tjsf] cfˆgf] vf]hLdf ;dfj]z u5{ . h'g ;r{OlGhgsf] k|z; + f ul/Psf] x'G5 .
O+lut u5{ . k|To]s ufpFdf o'jfx¿sf] w/fzfoL aGb} hfg' klg a]/fhuf/Lsf] s/f]8f}+sf] a}+s kmf]g{]x¿nfO{{ ;d]t Jojxf/ ef]Ug ljjz 5g\ . olb oL afOandf pNn]v ePsf s'/fx¿cg';f/ dflg;x¿ cfˆgf afnaflnsfnfO{{ of]
pkl:yt Go"g 5 . ufpFdf a;]sf k|d'v sf/0f xf] eg] csf]{ tkm{ a9b} sf/afxL x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ljb]z >dzlStnfO{{ g]kfnL df6f]df lhpg] ;xL 5 . ox'bLx¿nfO{{ g}ltstfsf] kf7 ;r{OlGhgsf] dfWodaf6 OG6/g]6 k|of]u
o'jfx¿ klg Sof/]d / tf;df Jo:t uPsf] hg;+ V of / /fhgLlts k7fOlbg] gfddf nfvf}+ ¿k}ofF a'emfP/ cj;/ lbg] xf] eg] :jLh/NofG8 3'Dg] l;sfpgsf nflu h'g ;r{OlGhg ;'? ug{ l;sfO/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] ug{]
b]lvG5g\ . ltgLx¿nfO{{ ;xL af6f] cl:y/tfn] cfly{s ljsf;df r'gf}lt dfq k'Ub}g, ToxfFsf] zf/Ll/s tyf ;kgf xf]Og, oxLF agfpg ;lsG5, ul/Psf] 5 To;sf] gfd xf]– h]jf]un . pgLx¿df ljZjf; 5 ls cfˆgf
klxNofpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . Ps 5fs ylklbPsf] 5 . csf{] s'/f, ;/sf/n] dfgl;s zf]if0f em]Ng'kl//x]sf] 5 . h;sf nflu k|ydtM /fhgLlts oL ljz]if ;r{OlGhgx¿nfO{{ O;fO{, ox'bL afnaflnsfx¿ cZnLn jf cg}lts
:ki6 cf}Bf]lus gLlt Nofpg g;Sbf /f]huf/Ls} gfddf vfnL d'ns ' df s}ofF} cj:yf ;'w|g'k5{ . / d'l:nd ;Fu7gx¿n] cnu–cnu ;fO6x¿sf] hfndf km:g] 5}gg\ . oL
gfgf / rfrfsf] aGbf]a:tsf nflu
tof/ u/]sf x'g\ . o;sf] p2]Zo OG6/g]6 ;r{OlGhgx¿sf sf/0f s]xL gofF JolSt

z'ebLkfjnL – @)^& z'ebLkfjnL – @)^& k|of]ustf{nfO{{ tL ;a} s'/fb]lv 6f9f /fVg'

xf] h;n] pgLx¿nfO{{ v/fa nt a9fpg]
ub{5 . PD;68{df d'l:nd ;d'bfosf
klg OG6/g]6sf] k|of]u ug{sf nflu
cfO/x]sf 5g\ . oBlk oL ;a} ;r{OlGhg
;kmn 5g\ To;f] xf]Og . nf]slk|o
;fnsf] pknIodf ;Dk"0f{ ;fnsf] pknIodf ;Dk"0f{ nflu Odxnfn gfdsf] ;r{OlGhg lgdf{0f
ug{ /hf ;f/b]xf eG5g\ -xfd|f] a'emfO{df
gePsf sf/0f sof} ;r{OlGhgx¿ aGb
klg eO/x]sf] 5 . Ph]G;L
g]kfnL bfh'efO tyf g]kfnL bfh'efO tyf ljrf/ hut\sf] cnUu} uf]/6] f]
lbbLalxgLx¿df ;'v, zflGt, lbbLalxgLx¿df ;'v, zflGt,
bL3f{o' Pj+ pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] bL3f{o' Pj+ pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf]
nflu xflb{s dËndo z'esfdgf nflu xflb{s dËndo z'esfdgf gof“ c+s ahf/df cfp“b5
} .
clvn g]kfn n]vs ;+3 s]Gb|Lo ;ldltaf6 k|sflzt
JoQm ub{5f}F . JoQm ub{5f}F .
c/lgsf] k]6«f]n kDk kl/jf/ sflGtk'/ c6f] js{zk kl/jf/ dfS;{jfbL ;flxTo / hgo'4sf] ;f}Gbo{
nf]sGynL, eQmk'/ l;gfdËn, sf7df8f}F k':ts cjZo k9f}+ .
ˆ6 @)^& ;fn sflt{s !$ ut] cfOtaf/

cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnf clwsf/

dfgj hfltsf] of] lg/Gt/tfsf] qmd ug{] eGg] ;jfn dxTjk'0f{ 5 . x]bf{
l;h{gfsf y'·f
dn]jfx¿ kms{g} k5{
o;/L cl:tTjdf /lx/xgsf nflu Psbd ;fgf] nfUg] of] laifodf cfh
dlxnfn] g} dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf]
OlGb/f rf]Dafª xfdL ;r]t x'g ;s] gfp eg] ef]nL dgf] x / dgf] x / nfld5fg]
5 . zfob olb dlxnf gx'g] xf] eg] km]l/ Psfb]zdf xfd|f] klg Pp6f cfˆg}
of] ;[li6sf] lg/Gt/tfsf] qmd g} ;Dej ljZjdf g} k|yd /fi6« lkmgn}G8 xf] 5g\ . logLx¿;F u ePsf] oxL efiff lyof] c/] ;+:sf/ lyof] c/] eGg] dn]jfsf jyfg cfhef]ln b]lvg 5f]8]
5}g oBlk cfhsf] o; l:ylt;Dd
cfOk'Ugsf nflu ljZjdf g} logLx¿n]
h;n] ;g\ !()^ d} dlxnf nufot
;Dk' 0 f{ gful/sx¿nfO{ { ef] l 6ª
k/Dk/fut 1fg / l;ksf sf/0f laleGg ;do cfOk'Ug ;S5 . csf]{ Pp6f laifo
cem} lhpFb} 5 Tof] xf] n}lªs lae]b,
lsg xf]nf s'lGg gofF rl/qsf hdft
lsl;dsf vfg]s'/fx¿ agfpg ;S5g .
ljleGg ;+ 3 if{ ub} { cfPsf 5g\ . clwsf/sf ;fy} cGo clwsf/x¿ k|bfg csf]{ l;ksf] ¿kdf logLx¿n] tof/ x'gt cflbjf;L ;dfhdf dlxnfx¿ g} kmf6\6 k'm6\6 pl8/x]sf] b]V5'
Oltxf;sf] sfnvG8b]lv g} dlxnfx¿ u/]sf] lyof] . oL ofat kl/0ffdx¿sf tfnf rflasf] cflwsfl/ssf] ¿kdf
k|hgg clwsf/, 3/]n' lx:;f, ;dfg nflu dlxnfx¿n] cfGbf]ng ug{' k/]sf]
kfg]{ /f8L, kfvL, sk8fnfO{{ lng ;lsG5
t/ clxn] la:jJoflks/0f / lnOG5 . O{ltxf;nfO{{ sf]6\ofpFbf klg s¥ofª s'?Ën] af6f] k]m/]sL
Hofnf, ef]l6ª /fO6, n}lªs lje]b
cflbh:tf ;d:ofx¿sf nflu ;+3if{
lyof], la:jdf g} dlxnfx¿ cfˆgf]
clwsf/sf] nflu n8]sf 5g\ / of] n8g]
pbf/Ls/0fsf sf/0f oL l;k / snfx¿ xfd|f] ;dfhdf dft[;tfTds ;fdflhs
;+/rgf /x]sf] b]lvG5 t/ lxGb" ;+:sf/sf]
b]lvFbg} g\ s¥ofª s'?Ë / dn]jfx¿
cf]em]ndf k/]sf 5g\ . lab]zaf6 cfoft
ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . ;dfh / dfgj qmd ofat¿kdf rln/x] s f] 5 . ul/Psf lrhx¿n] logLx¿n] pTkfbg k|efjdf k/]/ k'?ifx¿ >Ldltaf6 ;w}F ud vfG5' ;f]R5' x/fO/x]sf dn]jfx¿
cl:tTjsf nflu dxTjk" 0 f{ e" l dsf g]kfnsf] dlxnf cfGbf]ngnfO{{ lgoNbf ;]jf / ;+:sf/sf] cfzf /fV5g . xfdL
lgefP klg logLx¿sf] e"ldsfnfO{{ ;g\ !(() cyf{ t k| h ftGqsf]
ug{] ;fdfgx¿nfO{{ k'0f{¿kdf k|lt:yfkg
u/]sf] 5 eg] logLx¿sf] 1fg / l;k dfgj eg]sf] Pp6} xf] dlxnf / k'?if ;fd"lxs ¿kn] a:g 5f]8s ] L
hlxn] klg uf}0f¿kdf lnPsf] 5, To;}n]
dlxnfx¿ cfGbf]ng ug{ afWo ePsf
k'g:yfkgfb]vL ;zSt¿kdf cl3 a9]sf] nf] k x' g ] cj:yfdf k' u ] s f] 5 . /ysf b'O{ kf+u| x'g eg] xfdL b'a}hfgf
a/fa/L xf] / hf] sf]xL Psn] csf{sf]
of cfkt ljkt cfO k¥of] sL
kfO{G5 . dlxnf ;zlSts/0fsf nflu cflbjf;L hghftL dlxnfx¿sf] csf]{
x' g \ . ljZjdf dlxnfx¿n] u/] s f] laleGg ;dodf laleGg k|fjwfgx¿sf] kf6f] eg]sf] logLx¿sf] efiff, ;+:sf/ ;Ddfg ug{;Sg' k5{ . o;sf] nflu klg ;x/df 5l/Psf slgsf vfb}
;ª3if{sf] r/0fnfO{{ tLg r/0fdf pNn]v cflbjf;L dflxnf g} ;r]t x'g' kg{] 5
ug{;lsG5 . k|yd r/0fdf !* b]lv
klg Aoj:yf eP . To;}sf] kl/0ffd
cg';f/ g} clxn] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts
/ ;+:s[lt xf], logLx¿ kl5 kgf{sf
gq ;+:sf/ hf];s ' s
} f] eP klg cfk"m ufpF ljl;{P h:tf] 5 dn]jfx¿n] .
sf/0f /fHon] logLx¿sf] klxrfg /
@) cfF} ztfAbLsf] cjlwdf dlxnfx¿n] / k|zf;lgs lgsfox¿df dlxnfx¿sf] cl:tTjnfO{{ g:jLsfg]{ xf] / logLx¿sf] 7'nf] x'g kfpFbf dSv kg]{ k'?;x¿ klg cfFv} df]xgL nfpFy] dn]jfx¿n]
;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfgtfsf] nflu pkl:ytL km:6fPsf] 5 . casf] k|;Fu xfdL ;fd' 5g\ . o;/L cfˆg} ;dfh,
n8fO{+ u/]sf lyP . bf];|f] r/0f ;g\ cflbjf;L hghftL dlxnfsf] 5 .
1fg l;k / snfnfO{{ ;+qmd0f / ;Daw{g
ug{ g;Sg' xf] . oL s' / fx¿ cGo kl/jf/ / cfkmFl} eqsf] dfq s'/f] ubf{ s] l;sf/L e]p kfpFbg} Yof] dn]jf dfg{
!(%) b] l v !(*) sf] cjlwnfO{ {
dflgPsf] 5 / o; cjlwdf logLx¿n]
cflbjf;L dlxnfx¿ klg laleGg
;+ u 7gdf ;ªul7t ePsf 5g\ .
dlxnfsf eGbf k[ys s'/fx¿ x'g To;}n] cflbjf;L dlxnfx¿ cfˆg} dfq s'/f]
ug]{ of ToxL ;+:sf/ / ;+:s[ltsf] gfddf
kmf6\6 k'm6\6 kf;f]df aNe]msf dn]jf
dlxnfdfq eGbf cflbjf;L
/fHosf] sfg'gdf ePsf n}lus lje]bsf g] k fndf cflbjf;L hghftL dlxnfx¿sf] ;Daf]wg x'g ;Sb}g . 3/ leqaf6 aflx/ glg;Sg] xf] eGg] kl/>d ub}{ k'mTsg klg ;SYof]
nflu ;+3if{ u/]sf lyP . clxn]sf] ;do dlxnfx¿sf ;+ : yf w] / } ;zSt ;jfn klg cfpg ;S5 t/ o;sf]
eg]sf] t];|f] r/0fsf] ;do xf] / o; eO;s]sf] 5 eg] g]kfnL cfbjf;L
laZjdf g} cflbjf;Lx¿sf] efiff nf]k
x'g] qmd lta| al9/x]sf] 5 To;}n] oL dtna xfdL oxL ;fgf] laifodf dfq g k'mTs]sf] dn]jf hfnd} dg{ klg ;SYof]
r/0f !(() b]lv clxn]sf] ;donfO{{
lnOPsf] 5 . of] ;do;Dd cfOk'Ubf
dlxnfx¿sf] ;+ : yf lab] z df klg
km:6fpg yfn]sf] 5 . dlxnf clwsf/sf
ofat ;d:ofx¿ logLx¿sf] r'gf}tLsf] clNemg] xf] O { g . xfdL cflbjf;L
dlxnfx¿sf] dfga clwsf/sf] laifo,
dn]jf aNe]msf] v'l;ofnLdf l;sf/L uj{ ub]{
laifo xf] . la:jdf dlxnf cflwsf/sf
ljZjdf g} laleGg kl/jt{g cfPsf nflu n8g] laleGg ;+3 ;+:yf x'Fbfx'Fb} nflu ePsf /fhgLlts, cfly{s / :jf:Yo / lzIffsf] laifo, ;~hfnsf] dVv k/]sf] l;sf/L s] b]Vof] / kfpFYof]
5g\ / dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;Gbe{df lsg logLx¿nfO{{ a]Un} ;+:yf rflxof], laifo / logLx¿n] laZjdf ef]Ub} cfPsf]
dxTjk' 0 f{ pKnAwLx¿ ePsf 5g\ . of] eg]sf] ;Dk|bflos ;f]rfO xf] of t
;fdflhs ;+3;{x¿ dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf
k|d'v kf6f] xf] eg] cflbjf;L hghftL laifodf ax; / 5nkmn ug{;S5f}F . ufpF 3/ / h+undf k'm/{ of] 8fF8f Tof] 8fF8f p
la:jsf lasl;t b] z x¿df klg
dlxnfx¿n] laleGg ;dodf laleGg
k'm6 Nofpg] s'/f] xf] eGg] sltsf] egfO dlxnfsf nflu cfˆgf] cl:tTjsf] dlxnfsf ;femf laifo a:t' ;a}nfO{{
nfu' x'g] laifo xf] o;af6 hf]sf]xL c5'tf]
3'ld/xYof], l;sf/L e]p kfpFbg} Yof]
of ;f]rfO /x]sf] kfO{G5 . la:jdf #&) n8fO{+ csf]{ k|d'v laifo xf] . dlxnf
cfGbf]ng kZrft dfq cfˆgf] clwsf/ ldlncf]g cflbjf;Lx¿ 5g\ eg] o;sf] eGg] lalQs} kl/jf/df cfdfnfO{ { /xg ;Sb}g . olt w]/} s'/f] ;f]Rbf ;f]Rb} cfhef]ln ltgLx¿ h+un / ufpF 3'Dg 5f8]sf 5g\
k|fKt ug{ ;kmn ePsf x'g . cd]l/sf klg cfh klg laz]if Pp6f ;fgf] ;f]r
h:tf] zlStzfnL /fi6«df klg ;g\ !(@)
%) k|ltzt dlxnfx¿ /x]sf] tYofÍn]
b]vfp5 . la:jdf g} cflbjf;Lx¿
hgfp5 . Pp6f kl/jf/df cfdf hlt
/ larf/nfO{{ lnP/ 7"nf] kl/0ffd xfl;n ;x/ ahf/df /dfPsf 5g\ ltg} dn]jfx¿n] .
lzIfLt x'G5g\ ;Gtfgsf] ;'v / ;d[bL
cyf{t cfheGbf () aif{cl3 dfq ;a}eGbf pTkLl8t hfltx¿ x'g\ eg] To;}df lglxt x'G5 . To;}n] cflbjf;L ug{;S5fF} . lj:jdf /x]sf g]kfnsf ;x/ k/fo x'g;S5 dn]jfx¿nfO{
;+ljwfgsf] !( cfp ;+zf]wgaf6 oxfFsf cflbjf;L dlxnfx¿ bf]xf]/f] lae]bsf] cflbjf;L hghftL dlxnf lardf
dlxnfx¿n] ef]l6ª clwsf/ kfPsf lzsf/ ePsf 5g\ . klxnf] dlxnf
dlxnfx¿ cfˆgf] clwsf/ /
klxrfgsf] af/]df hlt ;r]t x'G5g ;~hfnsf] la:tf/ ug{;S5f} . ;a}eGbf ufpFsf emf]k8L klv{/x]sf 5g\ ltdLx¿nfO{
lyP . ;f] kl/0ffd lg:sgsf nflu
so}g dlxnfx¿ h]n g]nsf] aGbL x'g'
ePsf] x}l;otn] t bf];|f] cflbjf;L
dlxnf ePsf] gftfn] . ljZj dlxnf
Toltg} cfˆgf] ;GtfgnfO{ { ;r] t x]bf{ ;/n b]lvg] / PSbd} hl6n laifo
xfd|f] k/Dk/f / ;+:sf/ of] 5 / o;nfO{{
;x/ 5f8\b} cfˆg} 7fpFdf kms{g] xf] ls
agfpg ;SIfd x' G 5g . Pp6f
k/]sf] lyof] . Newzealand la:jd} cfGbf]ngn] dlxnfsf clwsf/sf nflu kl/jf/df ha;Dd cfdf ;fdflhs xfdL hu]gf{ ug{sf] nflu xfdLnfO{{ agsf] r/L jgd} /dfpF5 eg] h:t}
klxnf] b]z xf] h;n] ;g\ !*(# d} hlt ;'s} jsfnt u/] klg of] cfGbf]ngn] ;fd'lxs sfo{sf] h?/L 5 . egfO g} 5
cfˆgf ;Dk' 0 f{ gful/snfO{ { ef] l 6ª cflbjf;L dlxnfx¿sf] ;Gbe{ d f
¿kdf kl/lrt x' F b } g ta;Dd
5f] / f5f] / Ldf Tof] r] t gfsf] lasf; yf]kf yf]kf ldn]/ ;d'b| aG5 To;}n] km\oflsPsf slgsfdf j}/Ln] ljif xfNof] eg]
clwsf/ k| b fg u/] s f] lyof] t/
dlxnfnfO{ { ToxfF s f] Aoa:yflksfdf
cfjfh p7fpg ;s]sf] 5}g . cflbjf;L
hghflt hghftL dlxnfx¿df cGo
hl6n x'G5 . cfˆgf] b]z eGbf aflx/ xfdL ;fgf] ;fgf] sfd u/]/ ef]ln 7"nf]
sfd ug{;S5f}F . h]xf];\ clwsf/sf] n8fO{+
dn]jf ;vfk x'g ;S5g\, dfof nfU5 ltdLx¿nfO{
/x]sf cflbjf;L dlxnfsf nflu cfˆgf]
cfpg ;g\ !(#^ ;Dd s'g} clwsf/ dlxnf eGbf k[ys u'0fx¿ 5g eg] kl/jf/ / gofF ;GtfgnfO{{ s;/L cfˆgf] xf];\ of t cGo sfdsf] nflu xf];\ if8oGqsf uGwx¿ cfO/x]sf 5g\
lyPg . dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;jfndf logLx¿;Fu cfˆg} 1fg, l;k / snf ;fd'lxs sfo{ cfhsf] ckl/xfo{ xf] .
efiff / ;+:sf/ l;sfP/ o;sf] ;d|Ifg dn]jf kms{g} k5{ cf>o:yndf ca

alnxfª tªgfd rf8

o] x fª nfjtL
of] alnxfª tªgfdnfO{
o;nfO{ { /f] s ] / /f] S g ;lsF b } g Ú
eGgf;fy /fhb/af/df ?jfjf;Ln]
lktft'No Kof/f /fhfsf] k|f0f /Iffsf]
nflu k|To]s 3/df ;/;kmfO{ u/L
v'zLofnLdf ljleGg kf}li6s kl/sf/
agfO{ Pscfk;df af9L vfg yfn] .
;x/af6 ufpF k:g yfNg} k5{ dn]jfx¿
dn]jf cl:tTj /fVg] xf] eg] ufpF kms{g} k5{
cyjf uug r'Dg] ltd|f] ofqf k]ml/ klg nfUg} k5{ .
…jflnªxfªÚ tªgfd klg eGg] u/]sf]
kfOG5 . of] tªgfd -rf8_ y];]Sqmf]
ys{g yfNof] . b]zjf;Ln] /fhf;Fu
km]l/ ljGtL ug{yfn] …dxf/fh o;sf]
emlnldnL aQL afnL k|To]sn] tfu]/f
lgª\jfkm'dfª;Fu k|fy{gf ug{ ;'? u/] .
o;} v'zLofnLsf] ;Demgf:j¿k
k|To]s …y];q] mf]Ú -sflQs_ dlxgfdf kg]{
kfNkfnL s?jf ;+s6df
kfNkf . kfNkfsf] lrgf/Lsf] ¿kdf zfSon] atfpg'eof] . kfNkfnL s?jf
-sflQs_ dlxgfdf …nfl;MsÚ -cf}F;L_ /f]syfdsf] nflu cGo s]xL pkfo pQf b/af/df /fhf a] x f] ; eO{ cf} F ; Lsf] ;dodWo] u0fgf u/] / /x]sf] kfNkfnL s?jf sRrf kbfy{sf] z' 4 sfF r af6 agfO{ g ] s' z n
sf] ;do kf/]/ dflgG5 . of] kj{sf] klg 5 ls < ePdf ;f] ;'GgkfP xfdL nl8xfn] . …kmfªl;ªd| f ] Ú eGb} lg:s]sf] ;dodf alnxfª /fhfs} cefjsf sf/0f nf]k x'g] cj:yfdf sf/Lu9x¿4f/f xftaf6 g} agfO{g] /
ljsf;sf] af/] d f ls/ft lnDa' cfef/L x'G5f}F / ;f] ug{xfdL tof/ /fhb/af/nufot b]ze/sf hgtf kfnfdf ;fnj;fn of] tªgfª -rf8_ k'u]sf] 5 . s?jf agfpgsf nfuL cfsif{s x'g] ePsf]n] b]ze/ k|ofKt
;dfhdf o:tf] syg kfOG5, …plxNo} 5f}FÚ . dGqL d08nsf ;b:onufot k| f y{ g f ub} { /fte/ s/fO/x] , dgfpg yfn] / To;}sf] lg/Gt/tf lbFb} cfjZos sfFrsf] sRrf kbfy{ kfO{g 5 . xfn kfNkfnL s?jfsf] dfu a9]
ls/ft b]zdf …alnxfª jflnªxfªÚ b]zjf;Ln] k'gM u/]sf pSt laGtL laxfgLsf] piffsf] nfnL;Fu} /fhfn] cfh klg of] rf8 vf;u/L b'O{
;'g]kl5 /fhf km]l/ af]Ng yfn] …dk|lt lbg;Dd ls/ft hfltn] w'dwfd;Fu 5f]8]sf] / cfoft ug{'tkm{ s'g} klg kgL sRrf kbfy{sf] cefjdf k|ofKt
gfds clt g} k|hfk]|dL / zlStzfnL cfF v f vf] n L p7] . /fhb/af/df
ls/ft /fhf lyP . cfˆgf b]zleqsf ltdLx¿sf] olt w]/} dfof ePdf d]/f] dgfp5g\ . of] kj{ klxnf] lbg lgsfoaf6 plrt sbd grflngfn] dfqfdf pTkfbg ug{ g;lsPsf] aiff}{ b]vL
/fhkl/jf/, dGqL / s?jfsf] cl:tTj nf]k x'g] cj:yfdf oxL k]zfdf ;+nUg zDe' zfSon] pNn]v
hgtfsf ;f/f b'Mv ;'vdf pgn] ;fy k|f0f aRg ;Sg] Pp6f pkfo t 5, ;Nnfxsf/nufot pkl:yt ;a}df aln/fhfs} ;Demgfdf / cfˆgf
lbGy] . b]znfO{{ If]q If]qdf 5'6\ofO{ Tof] ltdLx¿n] ug{;s]df d afFRg v'zLsf] cfgGbn] ;Ldf gf£of] . /fhf bL3f{o'sf] nflu 3/ cfFug ;kmf u/L k'u]sf] xf] . xfn kfNkfsf clwsf+z ug{e' of] . clxn] sRrf kbfy{sf] cefj
;Dk"0f{ hgtfn] vfgf vfP gvfPsf] klg ;S5'Ú /fhfsf] of] s'/f ;'g]kl5 k"0f{¿kn] xf];\df cfPkl5 af]Ngyfn] aQL afnL k|fy{gf ug{] . bf];|f] lbg Jofj;foLx¿ sRrf kbfy{ gkfO{gfn] ;Fu} s'zn sf/Lu9sf] klg cefj x'g
a' e mL vfPsf] va/ b/af/df b]zjf;L v'zLn] ubub x'Fb} km]l/ …ca d k"j{jt\ cj:yfsf] xf];\df aQL afnL xif{a9fO{ ug]{ / v'zLofnL of] k]zf 5f8L cs}{ k]zfdf nfuL ;s]sf yfn]sf] :jo+ Aoj;foLx¿ g} atfpF5g .
gk'u];Dd cfk"m klg vfgf vfFb}gy] . af]Ng yfn] …dxf/fhÚ tkfO{+sf] hLjg cfPF, of] va/ b]ze/sf hgtfsf] dflg ld7f–ld7f ksjfg agfO{{ vfg] 5g . 6' 6 ] k m' 6 ] s f k' / fgf sfF r sf sfd cg';f/sf] Hofnf gkfO{g] sRrf
o; sf/0f pgsf] k|hfx¿ pgLk|lt /Iffsf] nflu xfdL h] klg ug{tof/ 3/3/df k' ¥ ofpg' , b] z jf;Lx¿ ;fy} v'jfpg] klg ul/G5 . ;fdfGo ;fdu|LnfO{{ unfO{{ To;}af6 ;Lldt kbfy{sf] sf/0f w]/} lbg;Dd sfd gx'g]
clt g} df]lxt lyP . pgL lqsfnbzL{ 5f},F ljlwsf] hfgsf/L kfpF . of] ljGtL ;':tfP/ a;]sf xf]nfg\Ú egL pkl:yt ¿kn] t] ; | f ] lbg klg To;} u /L ¿kdf s?jf pTkfbg ul/Fb} cfPsf] cflb sf/0faf6 sltko sflnu9x¿ of]
klg lyP . Pslbg /fh;ef af]nfP/ ;'g]kl5 /fhf km]l/ af]Ng yfn] …To;f] ;a}nfO{{ cfb]z lbP . pSt cfb]z dgfOG5 . d' G w' d cg' ; f/ …r] n L s?jf pTkfbgdf nfdf] ;do b]vL sfd 5f8L cs}{ sfd tkm{nfu] eg]
cfˆgf dGqL, ;Nnfxsf/ / b]zjf;L eP o;af/]sf] ljlw ltdLx¿nfO{{ d /fhfaf6 kfpg] lalQs} dfOtLn] k"mn ;f6f;f6 ug]{ -cfk:tdf nfuL k/]sf Jofj;foL lq/Tgnfn w]/} h;f] lab]z tkm{nfu]sf 5g .
;fd' o;/L cfˆgf s'/f /fv], …dflg; ;'gfp5' ;'g x} y];]Sqmf] -sflts_ dGqLd08nsf ;b:o / ;Nnfxsf/ nufpg'_ x'Fb}g, nufPdf …rf]MTn'ªÚ -
d/0fzLn k|f0fL ePsfn] Pslbg of] dlxgfsf] cf}F;Lsf] cWof/f] /ft kf/]/ tyf ;fdfGo hgtf;d]t …/fhf k"j{ lz/_ 9N5Ú eGg] dfGotf 5, sf/0f
b]xnfO{{ 5f]8]/ hfg}k5{ d]/f] klg
lbguGtL k'lu;Sof], of] b]xnfO{{ Tofu
u/L ca d :ju{ hfFb}5', ltdLx¿n]
sfnn] dnfO{{ lng cfpg} nfu]sf] 5 .
oxfF 5]p cfO{ k'Ugf;fy d a]xf]; eO{
cfˆgf zog sIfdf nl8xfN5' ,
xf];\df cfof] x}, …To]`cª;L/f]Ú -/fhf
catf/ lnO{ cfof] x}_ ca k|fy{gfdf
dfq Psfu| eP/ ga; p7 x}, laxfg
k"mnnfO{{ hf]jgsf] k|tLs klg dflgG5 .
To;}n] lnDa" hfltdf efO6Lsfsf] rng
5}g . xfn cfP/ of] kj{sf ljleGg
z'ebLkfjnL – @)^&
of] xfd|f] b]xnfO{{ Åbo ;dfg ;DemL
dfof ug'{, ltdLx¿ Ps} kl/jf/
To;eGbf cufl8 g} ltdLx¿n] k|To]s
3/nfO{{ lnkkf]t ;kmf u/L 3/3/df
eof] a]n'sL eof], …gflDnË]Mt\
nflnË]Mt\Ú -3fd em'NSof] h'g em'NSof]_
hflt, pkhfltsf] wfld{s syf /
;f+:s[lts kIfx¿ ;lDd>0f x'g ;fnsf] pknIodf ;Dk"0f{
;DemL dfof ddtfsf ;fy slxNo} aQL afnL v'j} pHofnf] agfpg' / cflb eGb} v'zLn] gfrufg ub}{ x"nsf uPsfn] of] rf8sf] gfd / dfGg]
klg emu8f gu/L ldn]/ a:g', b]zsf]
pGglt / k|ultsf] nflu Ps} dtn]
d] / f] k| f 0f /Iffsf] nflu tfu] / f
lgjf{km'dfªsf] c6'6 k|fy{gf ug'{ . of]
x"n 3/3/df va/ k'¥ofpg uP .
o;}nfO{{ v; efiffdf klg …anL/fhsf]
tl/sfx¿ klg ljleGg x'g uPsf]
b]lvG5 . h:t}– sfu ltxf/, s's'/
g]kfnL bfh'efO tyf
bQlrQ eO{ sfd ug{' .Ú b]zjf;Ln]
of] s'/f ;'g]kl5 cfFz' emfb}{ Ps}
va/ b]ze/sf 3/3/df k'¥ofO{ Ps
cfk;df ;xof]uL eO{ ;Dk"0f{n] of]
x's'd x'Fbf cfPsf] xfdLÚ egL …e}nf]
/ Bf}l;/]Ú egL v]Ng] rng rn]sf]
ltxf/, uf]jb{wg k"hf, ufO{ ltxf/,
efO ltxf/ cflb gfdx¿nfO{{ lng lbbLalxgLx¿df ;'v, zflGt,
:j/df /fhf;F u ljGtL ug{ y fn] sfd ug{;Sof} eg] sfn kms{/] hfg]5 xf]Ú eGg] syg 5 . cfˆgf k|f0ft'No ;lsG5 . o; cj:yfdf hut\axfb'/
…dxf/fh xfdLnfO{{ 5f]8/] To;/L hfg
kfpg' x'Gg . tkfO{+ of] b]zdf geP
/ d sfnsf] kGhfdf gk/L cjZo
klg km'Tsg ;Sg]5'Ú . /fhfsf] of]
Kof/f] /fhf k'ghL{ljt ePsf] va/
;'Gg kfPsf]df 3/3/sf dflg;x¿
hf]zLn] n]Vg'ePsf oL zAbx¿ klg
;Demgf /fVg' kg]{ x'g cfpF5, pxfF
bL3f{o' Pj+ pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf]
xfdL hDd} 6'x'/f 6'x'/L eO{ b'Mv s'/f ;'g]kl5 pkl:yt ;a} v'zL eO{ n]Vg'x'G5– …cgfo{ /fhf dxfalnsf]
kfp5f}FÚ . b]zjf;Lsf] Ps} :j/sf] of]
ljGtL ;'g]kl5 /fhfn] klg cfFvfaf6
…dxf/fhÚ of] sfd ug{xfdL tof/ 5f}ÚF
egL Ps} :j/df ;a} s/fP .
klg v'zL eO{ of] z'eva/ k'¥ofpg
cfpg] n fO{ { ljleGg kl/sf/sf ;xfbt / pgsf] dxfg\ alnbfgsf]
;Demgfdf cgfo{x¿n] # -tLg_ lbg;Dd
nflu xflb{s dËndo z'esfdgf
…ksjfgÚ agfO{{ vfg lbFb} ¿k}ofF k};f
cfFz' emfb}{ km]l/ eGg yfn]– …Kof/f
b]zjf;L xf] ltdLx¿sf] of] sf?l0fs
/fhfaf6 pSt cfb]z x'gf;fy ;f]
cfb]z 3/3/df k'¥ofpg b]zjf;Lx¿
klg lbg yfn] . tL va/ lbg
cfpg]n] klg cfk"mn] :jfut ;Tsf/
aQL afn]/ bLkfjnL dgfpg] rng
rnfPsf lyP . o; cgfo{ ;+:s[ltnfO{{ JoQm ub{5f}F .
ljGtL ;'g]kl5 d]/f] d'6' g} l5ofl5of x' n sf x' n eO{ …kmfªl;ª\ d | f ] kfPsf]df v'zL eO{ ljleGg lsl;dsf sfnfGt/df cfo{x¿n] klg aln/fhfsf]
eof] . t/ d}n] s] ug]{ < ltdLx¿sf] kmfªl;ªdf/f]Ú -of] cfktdf ;xof]u cfzLjf{ b lbg yfn] . /fhfnfO{ { cfdfsf] ;Ddfg u/]/ cfTd;ft u/] .Ú
dfof nfUbf nfUb} klg 5f8]/ hfg
d jfWo 5' . dnfO{{ lng sfn cfpg}
u/fu/ u/f}F x}_ eGb} /fhfaf6 x's'd
ePsf] ljlw atfpF b } 3/3/,
sfnsf] d' v af6 arfPsf]
v' z LofnLdf xif{ a 9fO ub} { k' g M
o;/L alnxfFª tªgfd cyf{t ltxf/nfO{{
wfld{s ;lxi0f'tfsf] k|tLssf] ¿kdf
P;= eL= P;f]l;o6\; k|f= ln= kl/jf/
nfUof], ;+;fl/s lgod g} o:tf] 5, ufpFufpFdf uP . x'sd ' cg';f/ cfˆgf b]zel/ emlnldnL aQL afn] . of] klg lng ;lsG5 . dxf/fhuGh, sf7df8f},F kmf]gM $$@#@&*
@)^& ;fn sflt{s !$ ut] cfOtaf/ ˆ7
s7k'tnL=== eg] , pN6} ltg} s f cfb] z tyf
cf;L{afbdf :jfeLdfgL g]kfnLdfyL
;d:of ;dfwfgfy{ nfUg'sf] abnf
k|ltufdLx¿ Psu7 x'g,] hgxTofsf
cToGt b'nj{ dflgg] tyf cToGt kljq
7flgg] pQ/aflxgL sfnL gbL lsgf/df
sDkgLx¿n] g'g 9'jfgL ul//x]sf 5g\ . s0ff{nLsf nflu ;x'lnot b/df cfPsf]
g'g ljqmL ePsf] kfOPdf sf/afxL x'G5
slxn] b]z lgsfnf x'G5 < eg]/ h;dWo] OGb|bj] L sG6«S;g sfnLsf]6
sfo{jfxL u5'{ eGg] b'Z;fx; s;}n] gfOs]x¿nfO{ ;do yKb} /flv/xg], cjl:yt P]ltxfl;s b/af/sf lgdf{tf cf]dhof b'uf{ hg;/ P08 c8{ ;Knfo;{ k|lhc aflgofFn] eg] .
hgtfn] dxLgf} ;Dd k|ltIff ubf{ ;d]t u5{ eg] , :jo+ la:tf/afbLsf hgd'QmL;]gf dfyL laleGg z+sf v8uzdz] / n] eg] pkef] u
of] bnfnx¿sf] hdft ltgnfO{ gfOs]x¿ g]kfn cfPklg s;}nfO{ pkz+sf tyf cgfj:os av]8f ug{kfPgg . cfˆgL lbjËt /fgL
d'u' / 8f]Nkf Go" s0ff{nL 9'jfgL ;]jf l;:g'===
sfo{jfxL ug{ tof/ ePg . nHhf:kb h'Dnf lxdfnL sfug{ ;]jf x'Dnf /
arfpg ;Sg] 5}gg\ . b]z eGbf 7'nf] lemsL/xg], g]kfn tyf g]kfnLsf] t]hs'df/Lsf] ;Demgfdf b/af/sf] …lks l;hgÚ xf] . ;fbf ;'ksf] ¿kdf
laifo clxn];Dd ;/sf/ tyf Tof] s'g} kf6L{ xf]Og, s'g} u'6 tyf e'm08 slxNo} enf] grfxg] ef/tLo lgdf{0f ul/P tfklg kfFr jif{;Dd dfq s}nfz dfg;/f]j/ 9'jfgL ;]jf g/sf]6
;/sf/sf xtf{ s tf{ sfF u | ] ; tyf h'Dnfn] s0ff{nLdf g'g 9'jfgL ul//x]sf tyf df;, l;dLnufotsf bfndf
xf]Og, of] jf:tlastf x/]s g]kfnLn] la:tf/afbsf] la/f]w tyf ltgsf] /fh ug{kfPsf] hfgsf/x¿sf] egfO ldnfP/ k|of]u ug{;lsg] l;:g' kfp8/
Pdfn]n] cf}krfl/s la/f]w;Dd ug{ a'em\ b} uPsf 5g\, cem}klg b]z sAhf tf08a g[To aGb ug'{kg]{df To;sf] 5 . tfg;]gsf P;kL k|wfg lj=;+= 5g\ .g' g ;DalGwt lhNnfdf
;s]sf 5}gg\ . sfFu|]; tyf Pdfn] k' ¥ ofO;s] k l5 lhNnf k| z f;g dw'dx] sf la/fdLn] vf]hL–vf]hL k|of]u
u/]/ a;]sfx¿sf] r]t cfPg eg], 7Ls lak/Lt la:tf/afbLs} af]nL !(^) df v8\u zdz]/n] >L # sf] ug{] u/]sf 5g\ . l;:g'sf] ;'kn]
;d]tsf] ;xefuLtf /x]sf] ;+;bLo xf]; v'n]g eg], Pdfn] tyf sfFu|];s} tyf njhdf la:tf/afbL x:tIf]k, kb;lxt zf;g;Qfsf] afu8f]/ cfk"mn] sfof{non] lhNnfdf k'¥ofOPsf] kq
;ldltn] cnu cnu b'O{ laifodf 7]sb] f/x¿nfO{ lng] / ;f]xL cg';f/ z/L/df udL{ agfpg] ePsfn] udL{
sfo{stf{ tyf ;d{ysn] of] g]tT[ jnfO{ bfblu/L tyf tf08a g[Tosf] la?4df ;~rfng ug{vf]Hof] eGg] if8oGqsf]
/fs] z ;' b tyf ;' a | t bfznfO{ h'Qf xfGg] lbg w]/} 6f9f 5}g . ;/sf/ cfjfh p7fpg]x¿nfO{ 5fglag tyf 5gs kfPkl5 rGb| zdz]/n] kfNkfdf ;fN66«l] 8ª skf]/{ z
] g lnld6]8 pkzfvf df} ; ddf vfg' pko' S t x' F b } g .
cjfG5Lt tTa 3f]if0ff u/L b]z ¿kL nfrf/ tyf ef/tLo sfo{jfxL ul/g] h'g wDsLsf] ef;f yk ;]gf k7fO t}gfyL cfkmgf] xftdf sfof{no ;'vt{] n] e'QmfgL lbg] Aoj:yf lxhf]cfh l;:g' ;xl/of ;De|fGt
lgsfnf ug{ ;/sf/sf gfddf cfb]z la:tf/afbsf] 5fofF n fO{ dhb' / , k|of]u ul/Fb} 5, of] lgs} vt/gfs lnPsf pNn] v ug{ x ' G 5 . 5 . ;|f]tsf cg';f/ lhNnfl:yt JolStx¿n] vf]hLvf]hL vfg yfn]sf
lbPsf] dlxgf} eO;Sof] t/ oL uf]7fnf v]tfnfn] ;d]t lrGb} uO/x]sf tyf ;Dk'0f{ g]kfn tyf g]kfnLsf] pxfF s fcg' ; f/ v8\ u zdz] / n] skf]/{ z
] gsf sfo{x¿sf] kqsf] cfwf/df 5g\ . l;:g' ljb] z df /x] s f
la:tf/afbsf dltof/x¿n] ;'g]sf] 5g\, of] ;/sf/ s] xf] < sfxfFaf6 eljZo;Fu hf]8LPsf] 5 . cfk"mdfly yk vt/f pTkGg x'g] g'g lhNnfdf k'us ] f] Aoxf]/fsf] kq lbg] cfkmGtnfO{{ k7fpg] sf];n] L klg ag]sf]
g;'g]O u/]sf 5g\, la:tf/afbsf rNb} 5 < o;sf] p2]Zo s] xf] eGg] ;] g f ;dfof] g ;F u } ;+ l jwfg qf;df b/af/df /x]sf ;a} ax'd'No 5 . vfBo k|ljlw tyf u'0f lgoGq0f
cuf8L gtd:ts ag] / cem} u5{ t/ 7]s]bf/ / sd{rf/Lx¿sf]
s'/f ;8sdf ef/L af]s]/ u'hf/f lgdf{0fsf] s'/f t w]/} 6f9fsf] eof], a:t' 5f8]/ tLg ;fFrf] / ;/sf/L ldn]dQf]df k'/} g'g ;DalGwt If]qdf ljefusf cg';f/ l;:g'df hnf+z (
la:tf/afbnfO{ /Lemfpg] v] n df rnfpg], /fhgLlt;Fu s'g} ;fOgf] of] oLgsf] rfxfgfsf] laifo g} xf]Og . 9's'6L lnO{ ef/t knfPg ePkl5
nfu] s f 5g\ , oLgLx¿sf] oxL gk'¥ofP/} :yfgLo ahf/df ljqmL bzdnj *% k|ltzt, eid !^
gePsf] Ps hgf e/Lofn] ;d]t k|:6 b]z htftt} c:t Ao:t 5, /f]u k|d] sf] k|lts 7flgg] /fgLdxn a]jfl/;] ljt/0f x'g] u5 .;fN66«l] 8ª skf]/{ z ] g bzdnj &% k|ltzt, qm'8 kmfOj/
nfrf/Lkgs} sf/0f c? dgf]an a9]/ kf5{ . of] ;/sf/ ag]b]vL kf;kf]6{ tyf ef]sd/Ln] ;a} If]q ;+s6u|:t aGg k'u]sf] xf] . lbj+ut /fgLsf]
/fs]z ;'b c? cf;]kf;] ;fydf lnP/ lnld6]8 pkzfvf sfof{no ;'vt{] sf & bzdnj (( k|ltzt, qm'8 of{6 !
sf08, ;ef;bnfO{ wDsL k|]; wDsL 5, lrtjg tyf gjnk/f;L ;Demgfdf agfOPsf]n] /fgLdxn ;xfos clws[t gj/fh csf}lnofsf bzdnj *& k|ltzt, qm'8 k|fl] 6g
xfd|f] csf]{ ldq/fi6« rLgsf] ;Ldfalt{t k|s/0f, t]x,| rf}w k6s;Dd k|wfgdGqL nufPtsf ;'ud elgPsf lhNnfdf b/af/nfO{{ …k|]dsf] k|ltssf¿kdf
If]qlt/sf] ;a} e'efudf lg:kmLqmL 3'Dg cg';f/ ;DalGwt lhNnfsf lhNnf @$ bzdnj kfFr k|ltzt / cfO/g
aGg glbPsf] cj:yf, laleGg e'm7f km}lnPsf] 8]u+ ' dlxgf};Dd lgoGq0fdf lnOg] ul/G5 . P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld k|zf;g sfof{nox¿sf] l;kmfl/;sf
;'? u/]sf] 5, lasf;lgdf{0f jf h] cf/f]k tyf nfN5fgf nufpFb} cgdLg cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g eg] las6 tyf /x]sf] /fgLdxn b/af/ nfdf] ;do;Dd k| l tldnLu| f d @# bzdnj @)
;'s} gfd lbPklg of] csf]{ vDkf cfwf/df sfof{non] e'QmfgL lbg] Aoj:yf k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . n3' pBd ljsf;
tyf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;Fu a9fpb} uPsf] b'ud{ If]qsf] xfnt s:tf] xf]nf, ;xh} nyflnË} cj:yfdf /Xof] eg] lj=;+=
sf08sf] tof/L xf] eGg] s'/fdf b'/L cyjf h;/L klg cgdLg tyf cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5 . b]zsf] @)$# df cfPsf] xfjf x' / Ln] 5 . lhNnf k|zf;gn] g'g k'us ] f] Aoxf]/fsf] sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;Ëd gfds ;+:yfn]
sDtLdf klg :yfgLo hgtf k|:6 5g\ ;+oQ ' m /fi6«;3
+ nfO{ g]kfnaf6 nv]6g\ ] cy{ A oj:yf 8fdf8f] n eO;Sof] , b/af/nfO{{ k"0f{¿kdf Iflt t'NofPkl5 kq k7fPkl5 e'QmfgL lb5f}F pgn] eg] . :yfgLo ;|ft] df cfwfl/t pBd :yfkgf
To;} sf/0f :yfgLo hgtf of] s'sfo{sf] lgot nufPt of] csf]{ vDkfsf08sf] b'lgofFsf] gh/df e|:6frf/Lsf] b]z Ps bzs;Dd b/af/sf dxTjk"0f{ pgn] s0ff{nLsf c~rndWo] sfnLsf]6 ug{ ;xof]u u/]kl5 lhNnfsf] bfgf,
la/f]wdf pqLP, sfnf] em08f b]vfP, tof/L ;Dd cfOk'Ubf w]/} s'/f k|:6 eg]/ g]kfn lrlgg yfn]sf] 5 . d'xfg a:t' tyf uh'/x¿ rf]/L x'g'sf;fy} lhNnfdf ut cfly{s jif{ & ;o %) 3f/, 3tfg, s' O g] / b] j L:yfg
la:tf/afbsf] la?4df gf/fjfhL u/] ePsf 5g\, sfFu|]; tyf Pdfn]df ;kmf eP kfgL ;kmf x'G5 eGg]s/' f lh0f{aGg k'us ] f] lyof] . ko{6sLo tyf SjLG6n g'g df}Hbft /x]sf] hfgsf/L uflj;sf dlxnfn] l;:g' kfp8/nfO{{
/ h'Qf k|xf/ dfkm{t\ cfˆgf] ;Vt 3[0ff cf:yf /fVg]x¿ ;d]t oL laifodf ;fdfGo g]kfnLx¿n] ;d]t a'em]sf 5g\ k'/ftflTjs dxTj af]s]sf] /fgLdxn lbP . o:t} c? lhNnfx¿df g'g 9'jfgL
k| : t' t u/] . olt eO;Sbf klg u'0f:t/Lo agfpg ;f]nf/ 8«fo/sf]
cgla1 5}gg\, s]xL ;do leq}df log} t/ la8Dagf xfd|f] ;Qf sAhfu/]/ b/af/sf] ;+/If0f ug{s'g} lgsfo eO/x] s f] atfP .jflif{ s ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ u/]sf 5g\ .
c;kmn b'tnfO{ kmLtf{ gug]{ ef/t sfnLsf]6df #$ ;o % SjLG6n h'Dnfdf
tyf oxL la:tf/afbL HofbtLsf]
kIfdf nfu] / la/f] w df pqLPsf
cf:yfjfgx¿n] cfk\mgf slyt g]tf
elgg]x¿nfO{ ckdfg, tyf ceb|
Aofjfxf/ ug{ ;'? u/] eg] cgf}7f]
a;] s f la:tf/afbsf dltof/n]
a'em]gg\ . of a'em]/ klg b]znfO{
c;kmn /fi6« agfP/ dflnsnfO{
gePsf sf/0f b/af/ kl/;/sf]
dlGb/sf] 5fgf] ;d]t rf]/L eof] .
lj=;+= !(%) df lgld{t /fgLdxn
#( ;o %( SjLG6n d'ud' f @# ;o
*$ SjLG6n 8f]Nkfdf !* ;o SjLG6n
g]kfn e|i6frf/sf]
hgtfnfO{ sfo{jfxL u5'{ eGg] syLt
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lardf s'g} leGgtf
5}g . o;sf] cy{ eg]sf] g]kfnL cg'xf/
dfGg'kg]{ 5}g .
hgd'QmL ;]gfnfO{ clglZrt
v';Lkg{ vf]hs ] f x'g\ k|:6 ePg . ca
b]z arfpg] lhDdf vfnL g]kfnL
b/af/ kl/;/leqsf kf6Lkf} j f,
v'8lsnf oltv]/ lgzfgf dfq 5g\
g'g 9'gfjL x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o;sf
cltl/St cfjZos k/]df k|To]s tLg :yfg tn
sfn;Dd SofG6f]gd]G6df y'g/] /fVg], hgtfsf] xf], tTsfn gfu/Ls ;dfhn] eg] st} eUgfjz]if afFsL /x]sf 5g\ . lhNnfdf @) k|ltzt;Dd yk g'g g]kfn e|i6frf/ JofKt ;"rLsf]
ePsf ef/tLox¿sf] sAhfdf g]kfn ;tfpg], laleGg k|sf/n] dgf}a1} flgs b]z3ftL, lab]zLsf bnfn, k|ltufdL kl5Nnf] ;dodf b/af/leqsf dlGb/
k/]sf] 5, oLgsf] xftaf6 g]kfn d'Qm 9'jfgL ug]{ u/L ;fN66«l] 8ªn] 7]sb] f/ tLg :yfg tn em/] s f] 5 .
cfqmd0f ug]{, tyf h'g;'s} xfntdf tyf e|:6rf/L ;a}nfO{ ;n{Ss a8f/]/ ;+/If0fsf gfddf 7"nf] /sd vr{ul/P sDkgLx¿;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]sf] x'G5 .xfn 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g]zgnsf] e|i6frf/
gubf{ ;Dd xfd|f] b]zsf] cl:yTj cGtt of] zlQmnfO{ la36g ug]{ / gofF g]kfnsf] gofF IfLtLh v'nfpg] klg dlGb/sf] ;+/If0f eg] cem} klg
;+s6d} /lx/xg] lglZrt k|fo 5 . ahf/df tLg lsl;dsf g'gx¿ kfOg] cjwf/0ff ;"rsfÍ @)!) df g]kfn
cfk\mgf] n'6sf] wGbf lgaf{w¿kdf ceLofgdf nfUg'sf] lasNk 5}g . ck"0f{g} kfOG5 . u/]sf] 5 . t/fO{ If]q ;'uddf cfof] ! ;o $^ cf}F :yfgdf k/]sf] xf] .
olb xf]Og eg], Pdfn] tyf sfFu]|;n]
cfk"mx¿nfO{ g]kfnL g} xf}, xfdLnfO{
rnfpg] ;kgf a'g]/ a;]sf] ¿kdf
oyfl:yltafbL tyf ;f/df k|ltufdL
h;sf] nfuL tTsfn eL;0f cfGbf]nsf]
lasNk 5}g, cf;f u/f} o;kfln
cg'bfg=== g'g / zlSt g'g tyf s0ff{nL nufot ut jif{ ! ;o $# :yfgdf /x]sf]
g]kfnn] o; jif{ @ bzdnj @ cÍ
klg g]kfnsf] dfof 5 eGg] ;fxf; /x]sf uf]bfdx¿df s0ff{nLsf] nflu b'ud{ If]qx¿df efg' g'g laqmL x'G5 .
zlQm clxn] km]/L csf]{ afxfgf lems]/ slyt zflGtsf] ¥ofnL eGb} 3';k}7, cfPsf] cg'bfgsf] xhf/f}+ af]/fx¿ sfg'gL k|fjwfg cg';f/ efg' g'g k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . # bzdnj ) cÍ
u5{g eg] oLgn] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ gofF ;8oGqdf pq]sf] 5 . Oltxf;sf] tyf k|ltufdL arfp cleofgsf
lrQ a'e\mbf] hjfkm lbg}k5{ ef/tn] 5g\ .;|ft] sf cg';f/ k|To]s lbg %) ;x'nLot b/sf] ePsf]n] ;'ud If]qlt/ eGbf sd cÍ k|fKt x'g] d'n'snfO{{
s;Ldf :j0fL{d cIf/df gfd n]vfpg vnkfqx¿ ;8sdf cfpg] 5}gg\ . e| i 6frf/ JofKt d' n ' s df /fVg]
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;lsG5 jf lj/fdL kbf{ cˆ7]/f] k/]sf] ;+ / rgfsf] lj/f] w jf o;sf] x'bF g} . tL dxn agfpg] dhb'/x¿sf] dhb'/x¿ ljeflht ePsf] xfdLn] Odfgbf/L k"j{s r's]sf] 5}g .
a]nfdf cfktljktsflng cj:yfdf las[ltx¿sf af/]df hfGg ;s]sf sf]7fdf . Pp6f ;fgf] sf]7fdf lj; kfpb5f} . o:tf] ljefhLt cj:yfaf6 jf:tjdf If]Kof:q s;}sf] s[kfkfq jf cfzL{jfbdf /x]sf] 5}g . o;sf]
vr{sf] nflu s;/L b'Orf/ k};f hf]ufpg 5}gf} . ha;Dd lgod hfGg ;lsGg kRrL; hfgf vflbP/ a;]sf x'G5g . d'St geP;Dd xfdLn] xfd|f] jf ofqf :jtGq eP / g} o;n] juL{o lje]bsf] cGt ub}{ ;d'Ggt / :jfledfgL
;lsG5, eGg] g} ;a} eGbf a9L lrGtf ta;Dd o;nfO{ jbNg jf kl/jt{g p8';n] ;tfpg] s'/fsf] t cem aofg dhb'/x¿sf] clwsf/ kfpg ;Sb}gf} . g]kfnsf] ofqfdf cfk"mnfO{ ;l/s u/fPsf] xf] . jt{dfg cj:yf g]kfnsf]
/ cfjZostfsf] ljifo x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ ug{;Sb}gf} . pbfxf/0fsf] nflu tkfO+{ ug{ h?/L 5}g jf p;sf] bogLo d]/f] dtnj of] xf]OgsL xfdL ;a} ljifodf nflu Hofb} r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5 . clxn]sf] h:tf] ljb]zL x:tIf]k slxn} ePg .
s;/L zf]if0f u/]sf 5g\, ofxfFsf ;fx" ha;Dd uf8L sf] lgod hfGg ;Sb}g a;fO{sf] af/]df xfdLn] b'Or{ f/ jf6f Pp6} x'gk' b{5 . t/ dhb'/x¿sf] ;dfg ljb]zL k|eT' js} sf/0fn] /fi6« Pskl5 csf]{ lsl;dn] bnbndf km:b} uO/x]sf]
dxfhgx¿n] eGg] s'/f a'‰b}gg / a'‰g] ta;Dd uf8L rnfpg klg ;Sb}g n]j/ SofDkx¿ x]/f}+ eg] ;lhn} hfGg ;d:of eg]sf] of]Uotf cg';f/sf] sfd 5 . ljb]zL 3';k}7 olt;Dd a9]sf] 5 ls ljleGg kf6L{x¿ cfGtl/s lje]bdf
sf]l;; klg ub}g{ g cyjf a'emL a'emL ha To;sf] lgod hfGg' x'G5 ta t ;lsG5 . pgLx¿sf] kl/jfl/s cj:yf / sfd cg';f/sf] bfd jf ;fd'lxs kml;/x]sf b]lvG5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;fd"lxs ljb]z gLlt / ljb]zL ;fd'
klg a'emkrfp5g jf pgLx¿;Fu Tof] To;nfO{ ;lhn} rnfpg' x'G5 . of] s;/L rn]sf] xf]nf Ps k6s ulxl/P/ pTkfbg / ;fd'lxs ljt/0fsf] ;DjGwdf ;a} kf6L{x¿ Psd'v x'g] clxn]nfO{ sNkgf ug{ g;lsg] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
;f]lrof] eg] ;lhn} cg'dfg ug{;lsG5 . ;Dk"0{ f dhb'/x¿ Ps h'6 geP;Dd ljb]zL k|e'Tjjfbsf] h;n] lj/f]w u5{ To;sf] /fhg}lts cj:yf lj:yflkt
;fob k};fsf] cefjdf /f]u kfn]/ a;]sf] xfdLn] d'lSt kfpg ;Sg] 5}gf} . o;/L x'g] 8/n] ljb]zL x:tIf]knfO{ yfxf x'Fbf x'Fb} klg ca'em h:t} df}g a:g'kg]{
5, 3fd / kfgL l5g{] 3/sf] 5fgf] 5, hlxn];Dd oL ;Dk'0{ f 38Lsf] e/df cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . :jfledfgL / /fi6«jfbLx¿ cf]em] ndf gk?g\ / xfdLdflysf]
p;sf jfnjRrfx¿n] Ps k]6 vfg / sfddf v6g] sfdbf/x¿ Pstf a4 cGofok"0f{ zf]if0f Pj+ x:tIf]ksf] lj?4sf] ofqfdf xfdLn] ;s]hlt cfˆg}
Ps cfË nufpg kfPsf] 5}g . oL ;a} eP/ cfjfh a'nGb agfpb}g ta;Dd kf/fn] nfu]sf 5f}F . oBlk xfd|f] e"ldsfn] slt k|efj kfnf{ Tof] cfˆg} 7fpFdf
s'/fsf] jofg ul//xg' k5{ h:tf] nfUb}g . >dhLjLx¿sf] ;Qf jf ;dfhjfb cfpg] 5 . z/Ll/df Ps yf]kf /ut /x];Dd g]kfnL cl:dtfsf] Vofn gug]{x¿ /
of] ca:yfaf6 u'hf/f rnfpg] dhb'/x¿ ;Defjgf b]lvFbg} ha;Dd ;dfhjfbL g]kfnnfO{ bfz agfpg]x¿sf lj?4 xfdL gfË]emf/ agfpg k|oTg ug]5 { f}F . of]
lar klg lsg Pstf x'g ;ls/x]sf] Joj:yf cfpFbg} , ta;Dd dhb'/x¿sf] xfd|f] jrg a4tf / k|ltj4tf xf] .
5}g t < of] clt cfZrf{onfUbf] s'/f clwsf/ kfpFbg} . To;}n] ;a}n] a]nd} f b]zL ljb]zL oyfl:yltjfbLx¿ b]znfO{ kZrudgtk{m ws]Ng] lbjf :jKgf
5 .oxfF dhb'/x¿sf] Pstf lj/f]wL sfd a'‰g] sf]lzz u/f} / gofF ;dfhsf] b]Vb} 5g\ . /fhLgfdf lbPsf k|wfgdGqLnfO{ rf/ dlxgf;Dd sfdrnfps}
dhb'/x¿n] g} ul//x]sf] x'G5 h;/L lgdf{0f lt/ cufl8 a9f}+ . cj:yfdf /fVg' / csf]{ k|=d=aGg glbg] if8oGqdf nfu]sfx¿ hlt ;Sof]
lkt[;tfTds kl/jf/nfO{ arfpgsf – /fd]5fk, xfn stf/ l56f] cgldgnfO{ jlxu{dg u/fO{ b]znfO{ k'gM u[xo'4df kmsf{pg rfxG5g\ .
To;}n] To:tf b]z jjf{b agfpg] if8oGqk"0f{ v]nnfO{ ljkmn agfpg] If]Kof:qsf]
;+sNk /x]sf] 5 . oBlk oL ;a} sfo{df xfdLn] ;a}nfO{ ;d]6\g ;s]sf 5}gf}F
u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf nflu :t/Lo ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L xf]nf . uf]naGb ug{ ;s]sf 5}gf}F . efjL lbgdf /fi6«sf] nflu To:tf JolQmsf]
u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf nflu ljBfnox¿nfO{ clt cfjZos kg]{ ;Gbe{ k':tsx¿ klxrfg ub}{ pgLx¿sf cg'el" t / ljrf/nfO{ klg oyf;So :yfg lbg kxn
s]Gb|sf] k|sfzg, ;xk|sfzgx¿df tof/ kf/L ahf/df ;j{q pknAw u/fOPsf] ug]5{ f}F . xfdLn] xfd|f] ofqfsf] qmddf kLt kqsfl/tfnfO{ :yfg lbPsf 5}gf}F .
5 . ljBfnox¿nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ k':ts 5gf]6 u/L k7gkf7gdf lng x'g ;fy} unt dg;fon] s;}sf] ;fv lu/fpg] klg k|of; u/]sf 5}gf} / eljiodf
cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 . klg unt sfo{ ul/g] 5}g . ;dfhsf ;a} If]qdf /x]sf ljs[lt lj;+ult
!= c+u|]hL ¿kfGtl/t kf7\ok':ts -sIff !–!)_ cf}NofpFb} s/0fL / sygLdf b]lvPsf ljljwtf af/]df klg ;kmf ;kmf ¿kdf
@= hgs g]kfnL Jofs/0f -sIff !–!)_ cufl8 ;f/]sf 5f}F . xfd|f] ofqfsf # jif{ g]kfnL Oltxf;sf] pyn k'yn jf
#= hgs g]kfn -sIff !–*_ o'ufGtsf/L cjlw dfGg] xf] eg] ePsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ lbuf] /fVg xfdLn] xfd|f]
$= hgs k|fOd/L ;fOG; -sIff !–@_
%= hgs Oª\ln; u|fd/ -sIff !–!)_ Ifdtf k|of]u u/]sf 5f}F . jt{dfg;Dd cfOk'Ubf b]z c;kmn /fi6« aGg}
^= hgs ;]s]G8/L ;fOG; -sIff ^–!)_ nfUbf hGde"ld k|ltsf] jkmfbf/LtfnfO{ l;/f]k/ ub}{ ljb]zLsf s§'x¿nfO{
&= hgs k|fOd/L ;fOG; -sIff !–%_ gªUofO{ 5f8\g] 5f}F / b]znfO{ k|ultzLn kl/jt{gsf] nflu cufl8 a9fpg
*= hgs P6nf; -g]kfnLdf_ sIff !) ;Dd k|of; ug]{ 5f}F .
(= hgs P6nf; -c+u|]hLdf_ sIff !) ;Dd olt ;fgf] o'lg6df sfd ubf{ klg cyf]{efjsf] sf/0f klqsfnfO{ :t/Lo
!)= s:t'/L …sÚ cIf/ l;sfOsf] afnuLlt Sof;]6 agfpg ;s]sf 5}gf}F . To:t} ahf/ Joj:yf klg k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]g . k|];
!!= afnsyfsf k':tsx¿ dflnssf] C0fsf] af]em k|To]s c+sdf ylkPsf] ylko} 5 . hgtfsf kIfw/
!@= P;Pn;L :jfWofo ;fdu|L -ul0ft, lj1fg / c+u|]hL_ sof}F dxf]box¿nfO{ lgz'Ns ¿kdf klqsf klg 6qmØfPsf 5f}F . u|fxs dfq}
!#= ljleGg k|sf/sf cEof; k'l:tsfx¿ . alglbPsf] eP klg s]xL /fxt ldNYof] xf]nf . xfdLn] eg]gf,}F pxfFx¿n] a'‰g'
ePg . w|'ljs[t jt{dfgdf s;}sf] ef]6f]sf] k]m/ ;dfPsf 5}gf}F ef]6f]sf] k]m/
hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb| ln= g;dfpFbf;Dd, kl5 kl5 gnfu];Dd cfˆgf] dflgbf] /x]g5 . o:tf] :jtGq
ofqfdf s;}af6 k|fof]lht xf] ls egL c8\sn sfl6G5 xf]nf . h'g :jefljs}
klg xf] . o;df cGoyf dfGb}gf}F . lsg eg] ;doaf6 kmfObf lng]x¿ st} g
;fgf] l7dL, eQmk'/, kmf]g g+= ^^#)&*&, ^^#)&(%
ahf/ Joj:yf ljefu, kmf]g M ^^#)!$) s;}sf] bf}/fsf] k]m/ g;dfpFbf j}t/0fL gtg]{ x'Fbf To:tfaf6 To:tf] ;f]lrg'
:jefljs} xf] . xfdL s;}sf s'lgsf xf]Ogf}F / ;a}sf klg xf} . s'g} kf6L{sf] of
z'ebLkfjnL – @)^& z'ebLkfjnL – @)^&
kf6L{ leqsf u'6 pku'6 leq ;Lldt klg ePgf}F . xfd|f] j[xQ/ ;f]r eg]sf]
ljleGg lsl;dsf] zf]if0f, cGofo, bdgsf] lj?4 cfjfh p7fpg' / ufF;,
afF;, skf;sf] nflu juL{o d'lQmsf ;fy} :jflwg Pj+ ultzLn /fi6« lgdf{0f
;fnsf] pknIodf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL ;fnsf] pknIodf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL bfh'efO
dfq Woo xf] . xfd|f] ofqfdf ;xof]u ug'{ x'g] ;d:t dxfg'efj Pj+ lj1fkg
bftfaf6 xfdL cg'ul| xt 5f}F . eljiodf klg xfdLn] k"jj{ t ;xof]usf] ck]Iff
u/]sf 5f}F . cfpFbf] jif{ ljut eGbf hl6n x'g ;S5 . lsg eg] kl/jt{g
bfh'efO tyf lbbLalxgLx¿df tyf lbbLalxgLx¿df ;'v, zflGt, bL3f{o' rfxg] / oyfl:yltdf /dfpg]x¿ aLrsf]åGå cfdg] ;fdg] x'g] ;Defjgf 5 .
To;}n] olb To:t} eof] eg] xfd|f] cfufdL jif{sf] ofqf ;+3if{s} d}bfgaf6 hf/L
;'v, zflGt, bL3f{o' Pj+ pQ/f]Q/ Pj+ pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] nflu xflb{s /xg] 5 . xfd|f] ofqfdf ;a}sf] ;bfe}Fm k'gM ;xof]usf] ck]Iff u/]sf 5f}F .

k|ultsf] nflu xflb{s dËndo dËndo z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}F . bhL{nfO{{ gfk xf]Og kmf]6f]skL lbg';\
sk8f l;nfpgsf nflu bhL{nfO{{ gfk z/L/sf] kmf]6f]skL lgsflnlbg]5 . o;df
z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}F . ;Dk"0f{ ;]jf, ;'ljwfx¿ ;~rfngdf lbFbf klg sk8f z/L/ cg'¿k tof/ x'G5
To;sf] Uof/]G6L 6]n/x¿n] lbb}gg . lsgeg]
!^ j6f ;]G;/ / #@ j6f Sofd]/f x'g5 ] .
of] gofF k|ljlwsf] ;xof]udf dflg;x¿n]
OGr6]ksf] gfk sof}F k6s unt k|dfl0ft cfˆgf] z/L/sf] Pp6f kmf]6f]skL lgsfn]/
cfPsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fp“b5f}+ x'g] ub{5 . dflg;x¿sf] of] ;d:of ;dfwfg
ug{sf nflu P:6g o'lgel;{6Ln] xf6{o\ f08
bhL{nfO{{ lbg ;Sg]5g . / bhL{n]
;f]xLcg';f/ tkfO+d{ f l7s x'g] sk8f
x]NbL nfOkm OG6/g];gn PgPrP; xl:k6n tyf dfof] lSnlgsn l;nfpg]5g\ . of] gofF k|ljlwaf6 JolStsf]

d]l8sn ;]G6/ k|f= ln= kl/jf/ sf]l/of–g]kfn d}qL c:ktfn kl/jf/ g]aLjLcfO{ k|ljlw ljsl;t u/]sf] 5 .
a]nfotL l8hfOg/x¿sf cg';f/ lgs}
rfF8} OGr6]ksf] :yfgdf …hLkLP;Ú n]
tf}n, nDafO{, cfsf/, pd]/ tyf d]l8sn
Oltxf; klg kQf nufpg ;lsg]5 . oBlk
clxn] of] k|ljlw lgs} dx+uf] 5 . t/
cgfdgu/, sf7df8f},F kmf]gM $@#@@$! d]68fF8f, l7ld, eQmk'/, kmf]gM ^^##$$@ lng]5 . h;df #8L a8L :of{g ef]No'd o;af6 dflg;n] cfˆgf] :jf:Yosfaf/] klg
OG8]S; -aLjLcfO{_ n] dfq ^ ;]sG] 8df ;xof]u lng ;Sg]5g . Ph]G;L
k|sfzs tyf ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M afuahf/, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
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