Scribd
Upload
146 views8 pages

Sf"U - ) +LJWFG Agg GLBG) If8/Ogq /RB) Sf"U - ) +LJWFG Agg GLBG) If8/Ogq /RB) Sf"U - ) +LJWFG Agg GLBG) If8/Ogq /RB) Sf"U - ) +LJWFG Agg GLBG) If8/Ogq /RB) Sf"U - ) +LJWFG Agg GLBG) If8/Ogq /RB)

काग्रेस संविधान बन्न नदिने षड्यन्त्र रच्दै काठमाडौ । एकीकृत नेकपा माओवादी समर्थनमा भारतीय विस्तारवाद र वैदेशिक हस्तक्षेप चुनौती दिादै एमालेका अध्यक्ष झलनाथ खनालको नेतृत्वमा सरकार गठन भएपछि एमालेभित्रकै केही भारतीय दलाल र नेपाली कााग्रेसको निन्द्रा हराएको थियो । झलनाथ खनालको नेतृत्वमा सरकार बनेपछि शान्ति र संविधानले पूर्णता पाउने निश्चित भएपछि त्यसलाई सफल हुन नदिने प्रतिक्रियावादी सोचअनुरूप एमालेका केही वरिष्ठ नेता र नेपाली कााग्रेस खुलेर लागेको थियो । प्रधानमन्त्री झलनाथ खनाललाई असफल बनाउने र संविधानसभाको सबैभन्दा ठूलो दल एकीकृत नेकपा माओवादीलाई सरकारमा दिने नदिने सोच अनुरूप उनीहरूले सात बुादे सहमति खारेजीको माग गरेका थिए । मुलुकलाई सधैा अस्तव्यस्त बनाउने र विदेशी प्रभुहरूको दासता स्वीकार्दै नेपाली जनतालाई आˆनो दास बनाउने मानसिकता बोकेको एमालेको केपी गुट र नेपाली कााग्रेस कसरी हुन्छ, वर्तमान झलनाथ खनाललाई असफल तुल्याउने र मुलुकमा फेरि अशान्ति मच्चाई आˆनो हालिमुहाली कायम गर्न दिलोज्यान दिएर लागेका छन् । यसैबीच, प्रधानमन्त्री झलनाथ खनालले मन्त्रिपरिषद् विस्तार गरेपछि नेपाली कााग्रेस झनै अत्तालिएको छ र उसको केन्द्रीय समितिको बैठकले पहिला शान्तिप्रक्रिया पूरा नगरे संविधान बन्न नदिने पक्षमा मत जाहेर गरेको छ । प्रचण्डको नेतृत्वमा रहेको उपसमितिले तीव्र गतिमा काम गर्न सुरु गरेपछि कााग्रेस झस्किएको स्रोतले दाबी गरेको छ । यही सरकारको नेतृत्वमा यदि सााच्चै नै संविधान बन्यो भने जस पनि आफूले नपाउने र नयाा चुनावमा सत्ता बाहिरै बसेर चुनाव लड्नु पर्ने अवस्था आए स्थिति झन् प्रतिकूल हुने आाकलन गर्दै कााग्रेसले त्यस्तो निर्णय गरेको स्रोतले दाबी गरेको छ । भन्न त उसले 'शान्ति प्रकृयालाईर् निष्कर्षमा पुर्‍याई संविधान निर्माण गर्न शान्ति र लोकतन्त्रका पक्षधर सबै राजनीतिक दल तथा पक्षहरूसाग तत्काल गम्भीर वार्ता गर्ने' भनेको छ तर यसको भित्री आशय केही सीप नलागे राजपा, राप्रपालगायतका दलहरूसाग गठबन्धन गरेर पनि अघि बढ्ने हो एक कााग्रेस केन्दि्रय सदस्यले नाम सार्वजनिक नगर्ने शर्तमा बताए । माओवादी र एमालेको गठबन्धन आफूलाईर् पाखा लगाउन उत्तरतिरको शक्तिको इच्छामा बनेको भन्दै उनले भने यस्तै ताल हो भने हामी संविधान पनि बन्न दिादैनौा । अहिलेको सरकारसाग दुई तिहाई नै पुगे पनि आफूले नचाहेसम्म पारित नहुने दाबी गर्दै उनले लोकतान्त्रिक संविधान बन्ने ग्यारेन्टी नभएसम्म सिन्को भााच्न नदिने दृढता व्यक्त गरे । सस्थापन पक्ष नजिक मानिएका उनले शेरबहादुर देउवालाईर् समेत कम्युनिष्टको चङ्गुलमा फसेको आरोप लगाएका छन

Uploaded by

kshepyastraweekly
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
146 views8 pages

Sf"U - ) +LJWFG Agg GLBG) If8/Ogq /RB) Sf"U - ) +LJWFG Agg GLBG) If8/Ogq /RB) Sf"U - ) +LJWFG Agg GLBG) If8/Ogq /RB) Sf"U - ) +LJWFG Agg GLBG) If8/Ogq /RB) Sf"U - ) +LJWFG Agg GLBG) If8/Ogq /RB)

काग्रेस संविधान बन्न नदिने षड्यन्त्र रच्दै काठमाडौ । एकीकृत नेकपा माओवादी समर्थनमा भारतीय विस्तारवाद र वैदेशिक हस्तक्षेप चुनौती दिादै एमालेका अध्यक्ष झलनाथ खनालको नेतृत्वमा सरकार गठन भएपछि एमालेभित्रकै केही भारतीय दलाल र नेपाली कााग्रेसको निन्द्रा हराएको थियो । झलनाथ खनालको नेतृत्वमा सरकार बनेपछि शान्ति र संविधानले पूर्णता पाउने निश्चित भएपछि त्यसलाई सफल हुन नदिने प्रतिक्रियावादी सोचअनुरूप एमालेका केही वरिष्ठ नेता र नेपाली कााग्रेस खुलेर लागेको थियो । प्रधानमन्त्री झलनाथ खनाललाई असफल बनाउने र संविधानसभाको सबैभन्दा ठूलो दल एकीकृत नेकपा माओवादीलाई सरकारमा दिने नदिने सोच अनुरूप उनीहरूले सात बुादे सहमति खारेजीको माग गरेका थिए । मुलुकलाई सधैा अस्तव्यस्त बनाउने र विदेशी प्रभुहरूको दासता स्वीकार्दै नेपाली जनतालाई आˆनो दास बनाउने मानसिकता बोकेको एमालेको केपी गुट र नेपाली कााग्रेस कसरी हुन्छ, वर्तमान झलनाथ खनाललाई असफल तुल्याउने र मुलुकमा फेरि अशान्ति मच्चाई आˆनो हालिमुहाली कायम गर्न दिलोज्यान दिएर लागेका छन् । यसैबीच, प्रधानमन्त्री झलनाथ खनालले मन्त्रिपरिषद् विस्तार गरेपछि नेपाली कााग्रेस झनै अत्तालिएको छ र उसको केन्द्रीय समितिको बैठकले पहिला शान्तिप्रक्रिया पूरा नगरे संविधान बन्न नदिने पक्षमा मत जाहेर गरेको छ । प्रचण्डको नेतृत्वमा रहेको उपसमितिले तीव्र गतिमा काम गर्न सुरु गरेपछि कााग्रेस झस्किएको स्रोतले दाबी गरेको छ । यही सरकारको नेतृत्वमा यदि सााच्चै नै संविधान बन्यो भने जस पनि आफूले नपाउने र नयाा चुनावमा सत्ता बाहिरै बसेर चुनाव लड्नु पर्ने अवस्था आए स्थिति झन् प्रतिकूल हुने आाकलन गर्दै कााग्रेसले त्यस्तो निर्णय गरेको स्रोतले दाबी गरेको छ । भन्न त उसले 'शान्ति प्रकृयालाईर् निष्कर्षमा पुर्‍याई संविधान निर्माण गर्न शान्ति र लोकतन्त्रका पक्षधर सबै राजनीतिक दल तथा पक्षहरूसाग तत्काल गम्भीर वार्ता गर्ने' भनेको छ तर यसको भित्री आशय केही सीप नलागे राजपा, राप्रपालगायतका दलहरूसाग गठबन्धन गरेर पनि अघि बढ्ने हो एक कााग्रेस केन्दि्रय सदस्यले नाम सार्वजनिक नगर्ने शर्तमा बताए । माओवादी र एमालेको गठबन्धन आफूलाईर् पाखा लगाउन उत्तरतिरको शक्तिको इच्छामा बनेको भन्दै उनले भने यस्तै ताल हो भने हामी संविधान पनि बन्न दिादैनौा । अहिलेको सरकारसाग दुई तिहाई नै पुगे पनि आफूले नचाहेसम्म पारित नहुने दाबी गर्दै उनले लोकतान्त्रिक संविधान बन्ने ग्यारेन्टी नभएसम्म सिन्को भााच्न नदिने दृढता व्यक्त गरे । सस्थापन पक्ष नजिक मानिएका उनले शेरबहादुर देउवालाईर् समेत कम्युनिष्टको चङ्गुलमा फसेको आरोप लगाएका छन

Uploaded by

kshepyastraweekly
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

www. chhepyastraweekly.wordpress.

com

jif{ $, c+s !*, @)^& ;fn kmfu'g @@ ut] cfOtaf/ (March 6, 2011) d"No ?= &.–

k|wfgdGqLsf] /x/ /]Gh /f]e/


sf7df8f} F . b] z /fhgLlts
cGof}ntfn] u|:t 5 . t/ d'n'ssf
xtf{stf{x¿n] eg] cfˆgf] zf]v /
:jfy{kl" t{df tNnLg 5g\ . s'g} klg
To:tf] If]q 5}g hxfF e|i6frf/ /
a] l ylt gxf] ; \ . c/fhstf /
8'as] f 5g\ . s] ;lrj, s] dGqL ;a}sf]
rfxgf sdfpwGbf ag]sf] 5 . o;}
d];f]df k|wfgdGqL emngfy vgfnn]
clxn];Dds} k|wfgdGqLn] gr9]sf]
;a}eGbf dxFuf] uf8L r9\g] ;'/;f/
s;]sf 5g\ . pgn] b'O{ s/f]8 #)
sf“u|;] ;+ljwfg aGg glbg] if8\oGq /Rb}
sf7df8f} F . PsLs[ t g] s kf bf;tf :jLsfb}{ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ d'ns' df km]l/ czflGt dRrfO{ cfˆgf] ;+ l jwfg lgdf{ 0 f ug{ zflGt /
dfcf] j fbL ;dy{ g df ef/tLo cfˆgf] bf; agfpg] dfgl;stf af]ss
] f] xflnd'xfnL sfod ug{ lbnf]Hofg lbP/ nf]stGqsf kIfw/ ;a} /fhgLlts bn
a]/f]huf/Ln] ljZjdf ;a}eGbf sdhf]/ nfv ¿k}ofF kg]{ a]nfotL /]Gh /f]e/ tyf kIfx¿;Fu tTsfn uDeL/ jftf{
d'n's aGg yfn]sf] 5 . t/ k|wfdGqL uf8L dufPsf 5g\ . o:tf] uf8L lj:tf/jfb / j}bl] zs x:tIf]k r'gf}tL Pdfn]sf] s]kL u'6 / g]kfnL sfFu;]| nfu]sf 5g\ . o;}aLr, k|wfgdGqL
lbF b } Pdfn] s f cWoIf emngfy s;/L x' G 5, jt{ d fg emngfy emngfy vgfnn] dlGqkl/ifb\ lj:tf/ ug]Ú{ eg]sf] 5 t/ o;sf] leqL cfzo
emngfy vgfnn] eg] @ s/f]8 #) sf7df8f}sF f ;Lldt wgf9\ox¿n] dfq s] x L ;Lk gnfu] /fhkf,
nfv ¿k}ofF kg]{ ;f}lvg /]Gh /f]e/ k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . of] uf8Lsf nflu vgfnsf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ u7g vgfnnfO{ c;kmn t' N ofpg] / u/]kl5 g]kfnL sfFu; ]| emg} cQflnPsf]
uf8L dufPsf 5g\ . etfe'ª b]zsf] u[xdGqfnon] k|lttkq Pn;L vf]n]/ ePkl5 Pdfn]leqs} s]xL ef/tLo 5 / p;sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] /fk|kfnufotsf bnx¿;Fu u7aGwg
nyflnË rfnf eg] h:tf] clxn] g]kfn vl/b k|lqmof ;'? ul/;s]sf] 5 . bnfn / g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] lgGb|f a}7sn] klxnf zflGtk|lqmof k"/f u/]/ klg cl3 a9\g] xf] Ps sfFu; ]|
n'6sf] :ju{ aGg yfn]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L k|wfgdGqL ePsf] ;dodf r9]sf] uf8L x/fPsf] lyof] . emngfy vgfnsf] gu/] ;+ljwfg aGg glbg] kIfdf s]lGb|o ;b:on] gfd ;fj{hlgs gug]{
sfof{nosf lkpgb]lv xflsd;Dd / kbaf6 x6]kl5 cfk"m;Fu} n}hfg kfOg] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ ag]kl5 zflGt / dt hfx]/ u/]sf] 5 . k|r08sf] zt{df atfP . dfcf]jfbL / Pdfn]sf]
/fhgLlts bnsf sfo{ s tf{ b ] l v ePsfn] k|wfgdGqL vgfnn] dxFuf] / ;+ljwfgn] k"0f{tf kfpg] lglZrt g]tT[ jdf /x]sf] pk;ldltn] tLj| u7aGwg cfk"mnfO{{ kfvf nufpg
g]tf;Dd ;a} e|i6frf/sf] cfxfndf -afF s L & k] h df_ ePkl5 To;nfO{ ;kmn x'g glbg] ultdf sfd ug{ ;'? u/]kl5 pQ/lt/sf] zlStsf] OR5fdf ag]sf]

gf}d/' s
] f] kfgLdf ef/tLo ¥ofn k|ltlqmofjfbL ;f]rcg'¿k Pdfn]sf
s]xL jl/i7 g]tf / g]kfnL sfFu;
]| v'n/]
sfFu; ]| eml:sPsf] ;|ft] n] bfaL
u/]sf] 5 . oxL ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ jdf
eGb} pgn] eg] o:t} tfn xf] eg] xfdL
;+ljwfg klg aGg lbFbg} f}F . clxn]sf]
;/sf/;Fu b'O{ ltxfO{ g} k'u] klg cfk"mn]
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn / ef/taLr l//]un' l] 6ª afFwsf] lgdf{0f k|:tfj u/]sf] nfu]sf] lyof] . k|wfgdGqL emngfy olb ;fFRr} g} ;+ljwfg aGof] eg]
kfgLsf] afF8kmfF8 ljifodf ;xdlt x'g pmhf{dGqfnosf Ps clwsf/Ln] atfP . vgfnnfO{ c;kmn agfpg] / h; klg cfk"mn] gkfpg] / gofF grfx];Dd kfl/t gx'g] bfaL ub}{ pgn]
g;Sbf gf}d'/] hnfzoo'St ljB't\ ef/taf6 cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] k|f¿k ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn r'gfjdf ;Qf aflx/} a;]/ r'gfj nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfg aGg] Uof/]G6L
cfof]hgf cGof]ndf k/]sf] 5 . ef/tn] cfPkl5 tTsfnLg hn tyf zlSt PsLs[ t g] s kf dfcf] j fbLnfO{ n8\g' kg]{ cj:yf cfP l:ylt geP;Dd l;Gsf] efFRg glbg] b[9tf
gf}d'/] ljB't\ cfof]hgf cg'bfgdf cfof]usf ;lrj lszf]/ yfkfsf] ;/sf/df lbg] glbg] ;f]r cg'¿k emg\ k|lts"n x'g] cfFsng ub}{ JoSt u/] . ;:yfkg kIf glhs
agfPafkt ;'Vvfofddf hnfzoo'St ;+of]hsTjdf ul7t ;ldltn] bfªsf] dflgPsf pgn] z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{{
cfof]hgfsf] ;a} kfgL cfk"mn] pkef]u efn'jfªdf l//]un ' l] 6ª afFw agfP/ pgLx¿n] ;ft a'bF ] ;xdlt vf/]hLsf] sfFu;] | n] To:tf] lg0f{o u/]sf] ;|ft] n]
dfu u/]sf lyP . d'n'snfO{ ;w}F bfaL u/]sf] 5 . eGg t p;n] ;d]t sDo'lgi6sf] rª\u'ndf km;]sf]
ug{ kfpg'kg]{ c8fg /fv]kl5 cfof]hgf slknj:t' d f l;+ r fO ;' l jwfsf] cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ .
cufl8 a9\g g;s]sf] xf] . To:t} g]kfnn] ;'lglZrttf geP;Dd cfof]hgf cl3 c:tJo:t agfpg] / ljb]zL k|ex' ¿sf] …zflGt k|so[ fnfO{{ lgisif{df k'¥ofO{

;"rgf k|ljlwdf e|i6x¿sf] huhuL


klg slknj:t' lhNnfsf] #) xhf/ ga9fpg l;kmfl/; u/]sf] tL clwsf/Ln]
x]S6/ hldgdf l;+rfO ug{ ;f] kfgL hfgsf/L lbP . pgsf cg';f/ ;ldltsf] ;jf/Ldf ;fo/L
kfpg' k g] { c8fg lnPsf] 5 . l;kmfl/; cfPkl5 cfof]hgf cl3
cWoogcg';f/ cfof]hgfsf] hl8t a9fpg] ljifodf b'j} b]zaf6 kxn ePsf] n] V g gkfOg]
Ifdtf @%) d]ufjf6 x'g5 ] . o;sf] s'n 5}g . k"jk{ w| fgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfn sf7df8f}F . ;"rgf / k|ljlwsf] / e|i6frf/ ug]{ cv8fsf] ?kdf kl/0ft s]Gb|sf] ug'k{ g]{ sltko sfo{x¿ sfuhL sf7df8f}F . dxfgu/Lo 6«flkms
cg'dflgt nfut %) ca{ ¿k}ofF /x]sf] …k|r08Úsf] ef/t e|d0fsf a]nf ef/tn] ljsf; / lj:tf/sf] nflu ;/sf/n] ePsf] ;|ft] atfpF5 . xfn;Dd sf]l/og ?kdf dfq ;DkGg x'g] u/]sf 5g\, h'g k| x /L dxfzfvfn] ljz] i f u/] /
5 . ef/tn] Ko'7fg lhNnfsf] gf}d/' d] f gf}d/' ] hnfzoo'St ljB't\ cfof]hgf @)%* ;fndf lj1fg tyf k|ljlw bft[ lgsfoaf6 k|fKt pks/0fx¿ sfd jf:tljs If]qdf k'us ] } x'bF g} . dlxnfx¿nfO{{ nlIft u/]/ n]lvPsf
afFwsf] lgdf{0f tyf g]kfnn] gf}d/' d] f cg'bfgdf agfO{ lbg] k|lta4tf hgfPsf] dGqfnocGtu{t :yfkgf u/]sf] /fli6«o ;~rfngdf cfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ eg] cfly{s jif{sf] ;'?–;'?df ah]6 gcfPsf] ;fo/Lx¿n] dlxnfk|lt ;fj{hlgs
afFwsf cltl/St bfªsf] efn'jfªdf -afF s L & k] h df_ ;"rgf k|ljlw s]Gb|n] Ps bzs kf/ sltko ;fdu|Lx¿ gi6 x'g nflu;s]sf] eGb} sfd /f]lsG5 t/ cfly{s jif{sf] a]OHhlt u/]sf] / uf8Ldf n]vs ] f
nf]8;]l8ªn] ;DaGwljR5]b x'g] vt/f ul/;Sg nfUbf;d]t s'g} pNn]Vo k|ult
xfl;n ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . ;"rgf
5, To;sf] :ofxf/–;Dxf/sf] k|of;;Dd
ePsf] 5}g . sf]l/og bft[ lgsfoaf6
cGTodf :jtM tL sfo{x¿ ;DkGg
eO;S5g\ . tL sfd cyf{t\ tflnd,
o:tf ;fo/L kbf{ b'36{ gf;d]t x'g
;Sg] ;Defjgf ePsf] eGb} ;f]
sf7df8f}F . dfkm ug{x' f]nf tkfO{n
+ ] 306f;Ddsf] ljB' t \ s6f} t L - k|ljlwsf] kx'r
F b]ze/ k'¥ofpg] nIosf k|fKt a|f08]8 ;fdfg;Dd h;sf] uf]i7Lx¿ slxn], sxLF,F slthgf ;Dej gx6fpg]nfO{{ sf/afxL ug{] ePsf] xf] .Ú
;Dks{ ug{ vf]Hg' ePsf] df]afOnsf] nf]8;]l8ª_ g} xf] . gofF afg]Zj/l:yt ;fy :yfkgf ul/Psf] s]Gb| olta]nf Uof/]G6L !) b]lv @) jif{;Dd lbOPsf] eP eGg] s'/f s]Gb|leqsf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;jf/L oftfoft Joj:yf P]gcg';f/
l:jr ckm ul/Psf] 5 . g]6js{sf ;8s k]6Ldf ds} kf]Nb} u/]sL #@ /fhgLltsf] 7f8f] x:tIf]k / s]Gb| leqsf 5, Tof] ;fdu|Lx¿ To;} uf]bfddf ;d]t yfxf x'bF g} yfxf x'G5 t s]jn s'g} klg oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿df
sf/0f xf] ls eGb} k'gM l/8fon ubf{ jifL{o nlntf yfdf du/n] cfˆgf] e|i6 sd{rf/Lsf] sf/0f 8fdf8f]n yGsfPsf 5g\ t/ ToxfFsf jl/i7 ljsn kf}8n ] , ;'bLk 8fFuL / sfof{no s;}nfO{{ nlIft u/]/ ufnL a]OHhlt
;d] t …dfkm ug{ ' x f] n f tkfO{ + n ] df]afOn ;w}h F ;f] l:jr ckm x'g] u/]sf] l:yltdf k'us ] f] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] sd{rf/Lx¿ sld;gsf] nf]en] ubf{ k'gM k|dv ' nfO{ dfq jiff}b+{ l] v oxL k/Dk/f x'g] lx;fan] n]Vg gkfOg] ePsfn]
;Dks{====Ú g} cfpg] u5{ . oxfFl:yt atfpg'eof] . …aQL slxn] x'G5, slxn] ;"rgf k|ljlw If]qdf yfn]sf] ;'wf/sf] ;fdfg vl/bsf] 6]08/ ub}{ nf]sn / /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;fo/Lx¿ n]lvPsf] d]6fpg / gn]Vg
w] / } h ;f] df] a fOnstf{ dflysf] x' F b } g , aQL ePsf] cj;/ kf/] / k|of;nfO{ ;kmn agfpg sf]l/og bft[ sd u'0f:t/Lo ;fdfgsf] k|of]u ub}{ ;" r gf k| l jlwleqsf] csf] { cloefg ;' ? ul/Psf] xf] Ú –
jfSof+zaf6 olta]nf x}/fgL Aoxf]g{ df]afOn rfh{df /fv] klg Ps lbg lgsfon] l;+xb/af/leq ;"rgf k|ljlw cfO/x]sf] 5g\, o; ljifodf s]Gb| e|i6frf/hGo lqmofsnfk eO/x]sf] If]q dxfzfvfsf k|jStf Pj+ k|x/L
afWo 5g\ . cfk"mx¿n] s'/fsfgL ug{ klg rfh{ gl6Sg] ePsfn] df]afOn s]Gb|sf] nflu eJo sfof{no / ;"rgf leq}af6 cfjfh p7\g] u/] klg ToxfF l;+xb/af/leq ;"rgf ;~rfng lj:tf/ pk/LIfs hutdfg >] i 7n]
rfx]sf] JolStsf] df]afOn l:jr ckm k|foM u/L l:jr ckm x'g] u5{ pxfFn] k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/sf] nflu jl/i7 sd{rf/L ljsn kf}8n ] / ;'bLk xf], h'g Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] eGg'eof] . oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿df
ePkl5 w]/} df]afOnstf{n] x}/fgL eGg'eof] . …u|fxsn] ds} kf]n]/ 3/d} s/f]8f}s
F f] pks/0f ;fdu|Lx¿ pknAw 8fFuL / sfof{no k|dv
' cg'k af:sf]6fn] ;xof]udf cl3 al9/x]sf] 5 . o; dlxnfnfO{{ nlIft u/]/ n]lvPsf
Aoxf]g'{k/]sf] xf] . w]/}h;f]sf] df]afOn NofOlbg' eg] / kmf] g u5{ g \ , t/ u/fPsf] 5 t/ oL ;a} s'/fx¿ Joy{ hflu/ g} vfO lbg] eGb} wDSofPkl5 P8LaLsf] sfo{qmddf ;d]t 6]08/ ;'? o:tf ;fo/Lx¿ gd]6g\ n ] fO{{ 6«flkms
l:jr ckm x'gfsf] k|dv ' sf/0f g]kfn nf]8;]l8ªsf sf/0f df]afOn rfh{ ug{ ;fljt ePsf] 5 . olta]nf ;"rgf r'k nfUg afWo ePsf] ;|ft] sf] bfaL x'bF fb]lv g} e|i6frf/ ;'? ePsf] ;|ft] sf] k| x /Ln] hl/jfgf / cfjZos
ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] u/]sf] b}lgs !$ -afF s L & k] h df_ k|ljlw s]Gb| e|i6x¿sf] cf/fdsf] ynf] 5 . ;|ft] sf cg';f/ ;"rgf k|ljlw -afF s L ^ k] h df_ -afF s L & k] h df_

cgj/t ;3if{sf] kof{o ls;'ghLsf] lgwg dfcf] j fbLaf6


rf/ dGqL ;/sf/n] sf“r'nL k]mg'k{ ¥of]
cGTo]li6 cfh
sf7df8f}F . g]kfnL sfFu|];sf pkrf/sf ;a} k|of;x¿ cjnDag
sf7df8f}F . k|wfgdGqL emngfy
vgfnn] dfcf]jfbLsf rf/ g]tfnfO{
;/sf/df ;xefuL u/fPsf 5g\ .
elgG5, ;Qfaf6 aflxl/Pkl5 dfq
zf;sx¿ hgtfsf efiff af]Ng yfN5g\ .
;Qfsf] gzf o:t} x'G5 /], h;n] cf}ifw
unxlQPkl5 hgtfsf] gfddf uf]xLsf]
cfFz' aufpF5g\ . g]kfndf eL8x¿sf]
k|bz{g ug]{ / hgtfnfO{ ckdfg ug]{
pQ/flwsf/L aGg] cj;/ kfP Pdfn]s}
cWoIf emngfy vgfnn] . Pdfn]s}
ljsNk Pdfn] ag]/ ;/sf/ aGb} 5 .
;+:yfks g]tf s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{ ca u/L pkrf/ eO/x] s f] hfgsf/L vgfnn] dfcf]jfbL :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o dfG5]nfO{ cGwf], a]xf];\ / cr]t agfpF5 . afgL g} a;]sf] 5 . g]kfnL /fhgLlt dfwj–s]kL u7aGwgnfO{ sfFu;]| sf] ;fy
of] ;+;f/df /xg'ePg . sf7df8f}Fsf] af/Daf/ lbO/x]sf] lyP . e§/fO{sf] s[ i 0faxfb' / dx/fnfO{ jl/i7 t/, s]xL c;fwf/0f v'aL af]s]sf ufnL zf:qcg';f/ rN5 / oxfF ufnL rflxg] / sfFu; ]| lagf afFRg} g;Sg] . clg
yfkfynLl:yt gle{s c:ktfndf :jf:Yo cj:yfaf/] hfgsf/L lng /flt pkk|wfgdGqL;lxt ;'rgf tyf ;~rf/ hgg]tfx¿ x'G5g\, hf] ;Qfdf x'bF f g} dfq laS5 . oxfF cf/f]k k|Tof/f]kaf6 emngfy vgfn / jfdb]j uf}tdnfO{
pkrf/sf nflu egf{ x' g ' e Psf !) ah]lt/ /fi6«klt 8f= /fdj/0f dGqfnosf] lhDd]jf/L lbPsf 5g\ . ;a}eGbf a9L ;r]t / ;ts{ b'j} ax;x¿ ;'? x'G5g\, ufnLunf}h / ;'lw|Psf] dfcf]jfbL rflxg] . dfwj–s]kL
e§/fO{sf] *& jif{sf] pd]/df ut ofbj c:ktfn k'Ug'ePsf] lyof] . cGo dGqLx¿df eg] 6f]kaxfb'/ hgtfsf] efjgfnfO{ a'‰g] k|of; ub{5g\ . JolQmut rl/q xTofaf6 /fhgLlt ;'? u'6n] clGtd;Dd klg g]kfnL sfFu; ]| sf
z'qmaf/ /flt !! ah]/ @^ ldg]6df /fi6«klt ofbjn] e6/fO{sf] pkrf/df /fodfemLnfO{ ef}lts of]hgf tyf /fdrGb| kf}8n ] nfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfpg]
lgwg ePsf] xf] . Zjf;–k|Zjf;,
/Strfk, lduf{ } n fnufotsf
s'g} s;/ afFsL g/fvL pkrf/ ug{
lrlsT;sx¿nfO{ cfu|x ug{'ePsf]
lgdf{0f, jif{dfg k'gnfO{ zflGt tyf
k'glg{df{0f / v8\uaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{nfO{
If]Kof:q ax; k|oTg u/]/ clGtddf cfP/ emngfy
vgfnnfO{ pDd]bjf/ agfpg] k|:tfj g}
;d:ofaf6 kLl8t e§/fOsf] s]xL
lbgb]lv ;3g pkrf/ sIfdf /fv]/
lyof] . laxfg}bl] v sfFu;
]| sf g]tf tyf
sfo{stf{, ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf
ko{6g dGqfnosf] lhDd]jf/L lbPsf
5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf] :yfoL ;ldlt
lji0f' kGt cfk} F m n] /fVg EofP . Tof] klg
Pdfcf]jfbLn] cWoIf k|r08nfO{ g}
pkrf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . @$ g]tf sfo{stf{, z'eR] 5'sx¿ e§/fO{sf] a}7sn] o;cl3 g} s[i0faxfb'/ dx/fsf] ;Qfaf6 aflxl/Pkl5 jf egf} F x'G5 . prfNg] / k5fg]{ v]nx¿ nf]slk|o pDd]bjf/ lkmtf{ lnO{ emngfy vgfnnfO{
306fb]lv lk;fa x'g g;s]kl5 pxfFsf] :jf:Yo cj:yfaf/] hfgsf/L lng g]t[Tjdf rf/ ;b:onfO{ dGqLdf gf/fo0flx6Lsf] l;+xf;gaf6 cf]ln{Pkl5 5g\ . g]kfnsf] Oltxf;d} ;a}eGbf a9L ;dy{g ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of], ta pgLx¿
cj:yf lrGtfhgs aGb} uPsf] c:ktfn k'Us lyo . e§/fO{sf] kfly{j k7fpg] lg0f{ o u/] s f] lyof] . 1fg]Gb| / kf/;n] klg hgtfsf] s'/f ab\ g fdL t k| w fgdGqLsf] ?kdf g/fd|f] u/L k5fl/Psf] dx;'; u/] .
lyof] . d'6'sf] w8\sg, /Strfk / z/L/nfO{ yfkfynLl:yt gle{ s dfcf]jfbLaf6 dGqL x'gd] Wo] dx/f, k'g u5{g\ / /fli6«otfsf] gf/f nufpF5g\, dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] sLlt{dfg sfod To;}sf] kL8f pgLx¿ dlGqd08n
lk;fadf ;d:of a9\b} uPkl5 ljut c:ktfnaf6 /flt g} pxfF a:b} / /fodfemL :yfoL ;ldlt / ljZjsdf{ oBlk of] pgLx¿sf] clwsf/ xf] / u/] . /fhLgfdf lbg] a]nfdf dfq pgn] lj:tf/df kf]Vb}5g\ . u[xdGq s'g} klg
$* 306fb]lv e§/fO{sf] :jf:Yo cfpg'ePsf] nlntk'/sf] afF8u] fpFl:yt kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o x'g\ . ;sf/fTds sbd klg . k'/fgf ;+;bLo klg hgtfsf gfddf cfFz' r'xfP . dfwj xfntdf Pdfcf]jfbLnfO{ glbg] pgLx¿sf]
uDeL/ ag]sf] eGb} lrlsT;sx¿n] -afF s L & k] h df_ -afF s L & k] h df_ zf;sx¿ hlxn] klg ;/sf/af6 g] k fnsf] /fhLgfdf kl5 pgsf] -afF s L & k] h df_
/fatOfc t]u @@ gu
' fmk nf; &^)@ 2

ˆ
ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}
– s= dfcf]T;] t'ª
g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGw Ps ljZn]if0f
kmfu'g !^ ut] kfFr ldg]6sf]
cGt/df cgnfOg va/df b'O{j6f
;dfrf/ k|sflzt eP, h; dWo Pp6f
tftf] ax; k|fo xKt} lkR5] ef/tLo /fhb'tnfO{
sfnf] em08f b] v fPsf, ef/tLo
x:tIf]k lj?4 Aofks gf/fafhL
lyof] lqz'nL …PÚ sf nfuL lrlgofF /f]zg sfk\mn] ePsf, ;dfrf/x¿ cfO/xG5g\ P;sf]
;xof]u tyf csf]{ lyof] dfcf]jfbLåf/f g]kfn tyf g]kfnLx¿sf] :jtGq cfkQL hgfPsf] aQmAo . oxL sf/0f sf/0f c? sf]xL geP/ ef/t g} xf] .
/fs]z ;'bnfO{ lbQm]ndf sfnf] em08f . c:yLTj w'nL;ft kfg{ x/k|sf/n] g]kfnsf] eljZo ;+s6df kb}{ 5, b]zsf] cGoyf P:tf la/f]w tyf k|bz{gLx¿
tL ;dfrf/x¿ k9\bf g]kfnnfO{ x]g{] k|oTg;Ln 5 . P;sf s]xL pbfx/0fx¿ c:yLTj wf/f;foL aGb} 5 . rLg tyf hfkfgsf] lj?4df ;d]t
;jfndf rLgsf] b[li6sf]0f tyf eg]sf clxn] ;d]t g]kfnsf s/Lj ^! Pp6f :jtGq /fi6«n] csf]{ :jtGq x'g ;Sy], cGo b]zx¿sf lj?4df
ef/tsf] b[li6sf]0f k|:6 b]lvGYof] . 7fpaf6 lj:tf/jfbn] ;Ldf ctLqmd0f /fi6« ;Fu ug]{ Aofjxf/ tyf ;DaGw ;d]t x'g ;Sy] .
jif{ $, c+s !*
!*,, kmfu'g @@ ut] cfOtaf/ @)^& s' 6 gLlts dfg, dof{ b f tyf u/L/x]sf] 5 . sfnfkfgLdf ;}gLs ;dfg x'gk' 5{ . s'6gLlts d"No tyf g]kfnsf nf]stGqjfbL egLg]x¿
l;:6dleq /x]/ lrlgofF ;/sf/n] x:tIf]k g} u/]/ cfk\mgf] ;}Go cv8f dfGotf k|lts'n x'gu] /L s'gk} gL sfd, hf] hgtfaf6 lt/:s[t eP/ kgL
;DkfbsLo ;ft ca{ k}tfnL; s/f]8 ;Q/L nfv agfPsf] 5 . ;LdfIf]qdf bzuhf sfo{jfxL tyf e|d0f x'gx' bF' g} . Pp6f bnfnL, u'nfdL tyf u2f/Lsf] e/df
tyf rqmky ;'wf/sf] nfuL cGo If] q eLq cGt/fi6« L o lgod tyf /fi6«n] csf]{ /fi6«nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] zlQm tyf ;Qfsf] j/Lk/L rSs/
;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf ;xof]u ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/ cy{dGqfno
dfkm{t ;xof]u u/]sf] h;df rLgsf
sfg'gx¿sf] wf]tL nufpb} PskIfLo
¿kdf eL;0f 7'nf 7'nf 8\ofdx¿ lgdf{0f
;xof]u, cg'bfg tyf ;x'nLot b/sf]
/L0f ;DaGwLt /fi6«sf] ;/sf/nfO{ jf
nufpb} b]z tyf hgtfsf] lj?4df
Aofks unt xs{tx¿ ub}{ 5g\
PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;xof]u / ;dy{gdf Pdfn]sf af0fLHo pkdGqL tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf u/]/ xhf/f} x]S6/ g]kfnL hdLg ;/sf/n] tf] s ] s f] dGqfnonfO{ ltgLx¿n] kgL ;f]Rg cfj:os 5 sL
cWoIf emngfy vgfnsf] g]tT[ jdf ag]sf] ;/sf/ Ps dlxgf cy{;rLjn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf lyP eg] 8'jfgdf kfg],{ nfvf} g]kfnL hgtfx¿sf] x:tfGt/0f ug'k{ 5{ . s'6gLlts dfg, hgtf cfvfdf sfnf] k6\6L afw]/
/fs]z ;'b x:kL6n pWb3f6gsf] p7Laf; nufpg], bzuhf If]qeLq dof{ b f tyf b' O /fi6« s f] larsf] a;]sf 5}gg\ . ltgLx¿n] dx;'; ug{
k'uk] l5 lj:tf/ x'g k'us ] f] 5 . emngfy k|wfgdGqL ag]bl] v g} a:tL a;fpg], :'sn lgdf{0f ug],{ 7'nf ;DaGwdf cfr cfpg] xL;fjn]
afxfgfdf bLSt]n k'u]/ sfnf] em08f cfj:os 5 sL hgtfx¿ ltgLx¿sf]
Pdfn]leqs} Ps u'6 s;/L x'G5, pgnfO{ c;kmn agfpg] eg]/ tyf Aofks la/f]wsf] ;fdgf ub}{ 7'nf afwx¿ Afw]/ ;8s lgdf{0f ug]{ cgfj:os e|d0f tyf cgfj:os lj?4df Aofks ¿kdf uf] n a4
bQlrQ eP/ nflu/x]sf] 5 eg] g]kfnL sfFu; ]| klg To;nfO{ lyo . oL b' O a6f cnu cnu sfo{x¿ eg]sf t ;fdfGo h:t} e}; } s] . cleAoQmL bLg' x'bF g} , h's sfo{n] s'g} x'Fb}5g\ . ltgLx¿sf s'sfo{x¿nfO{
prfNg e/dUb'/ sf]l;; ul//x]sf] 5 . d'n'sdf :yflkt 36gfx¿n] w]/s } /' fx¿sf] k|ltgLwLTj oL xs{t tyf s'sfo{ s'g} xfntdf b]znfO{ kgL kmfObf ub}{g . g]kfnL stL;Dd 3[0ff u5{g eGg] s'/f a]nf
ub}l{ yP . oL b'O 36gfx¿ g]kfndf zxL xf]Ogg\, g]kfnL hgtfn] P:tf /fhgLlts g]t[Tj t kTs/ a/fa/ g} avt cfuf]sf] emLNsf] em} b]vLg] u/]sf]
nf]stGqnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ tyf zflGt / ;+ljwfgnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg vfnsf 3[0fLt s[ofsnfkx¿nfO{ s'g} eP, h;df nf]e, df]x, tyf :jfy{
a/fa/ dxTj /fVg] b'O IfLd]sLx¿af6 5 . hj hgtf ;8sdf em5{g\,
jfdzlQm Psh'6 x'g h?/L 5 . af]nLdf jfdkGyL / Jojxf/df k|:t't ePsf lyP . Ps b]z tyf xfntdf ;xg ;Sb}gg\ . t/ of] eGbf afx]s c? s]xL 5}g, ;Qf tyf zlQmsf] ltgLx¿nfO{ /f]Sg :jo+ logLx¿sf]
blIf0fkGyL vf]n cf]9g\ ] cfk"mnfO{ jl/i7 /fhgLlt1 eGg ?rfpg] csf]{ b]zlarsf] ;DaGw, s'6gLlts vt/gfs x:tIf]k /fhgLlts tj/n] lglDt h'g;'s} 36Lof eGbf 36Lof dfnLs g} cfPkgL ;Sb}g . s'gk} gL
jfdkGyLx¿s} sf/0f jt{dfg k|wfgdGqL emngfy vgfnn] dfg, dof{bf tyf If]q, Ps :jtGq e}/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;/sf/ agfpg] sx{t ug{ k5L kb}{gg\ . cfk"mnfO{ :k:6 c8fg tyf u/]sf ;xdltx¿
b]zn] csf]{ :jtGq b]z ;Fu ug]{ b]vL ;/sf/ uL/fpg] ;Ddsf v]nx¿ laZjsf] zlQm;fnL b]zdf :yfkLt sfo{Gjog ug]{ x'lt gePsf] Pdfn]
af/Daf/ ;+s6sf] ;fdgf ul//xg'k/]sf] 5 . cfk"m ;+s6df kbf{kb}{ Aofjfxf/ larsf] c;dfgtf 5tf5'Nn bLNbLaf6 e}/x]sf 5g\ . cfk"mn] eg]sf] u/fpg d/LxQ] ub}{ cfPsf] ef/tn] ca ;flRrs} uDeL/ aGg cfj:os
klg ;a}nfO{ ;d]6/] n}hfg] ;f]r cg'¿k k|wfgdGqL emngfy ePsf] 5 . P;sf] d'Vo sf/0f eg]sf] dfGg] cyjf cf1fsf/L kfqsf] r}g u/]/ of] la;odf ;f]Rg' kg]{ xf] sL xf]Og< 5 . afnLu dtåf/f b'O;P rfnL;
vgfnn] ;fta'bF ] ;xdltnfO{ cfTd;ft ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfpFb} g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts g]t[Tj g} xf], ToxL kfq dfkm{t g]kfn tyf g]kfnL ;'/Iffk/L;bsf] ;bZotf bLnfpg] jf ;L6 NofPsf] b]zs} 7'nf] /fhgLlts
PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;/sf/df ;fd]n u/fpg ;kmn h;nfO{ s'6gLltsf] cy{ ;d]t yfxf hgtfsf] lj?4df tyf lj:tf/jfbL gbLnfpg] eGg] ax; rNb} ubf{ kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLn] hDdf hDdL Ps;P
5}g eGbf cGofo gxf]nf lsgsL :jfy{df ljleGg ;GwL tyf ;Demf}tfx¿ laZjsf zlQm /fi6«x¿n] hDd' tyf gf} ;L6 dfq ePsf] kf6L{ Pdfn]nfO{
x'g' pgsf] ;kmntfsf] s8L dfGg ;lsG5 . eljiodf klg bLSt]naf6 kms{gf;fy cyjf To;sf] u/fpg lj:tf/jfb lgs} k|oTg;Ln 5 . s:dL/df lsg ef/tn] hj{h:tL ;Qf ;+rfngsf] hLDd]jf/L bLPsf]
k|wfgdGqL vgfn o;/L cfk"mn] u/]sf k|lta4tfnfO{ cfTd;ft ef]nLkN6 /fs]z ;'b g]kfnL sfFu|]; g]kfnnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpg x/]s ub}{5< :jtGqtf tyf d'lQmsf nfuL ;L+xb/jf/df kmut Pp6f kmf]6f] yKg
ub}{ cl3 a9] pgsf] ;kmntf lglZrt 5 eg] b]z / hgtfn] klg egLg] lj:tf/jfbL bnfnx¿sf] /fhgLlts kf6L{eLq rnv]n ug]{, jf cfk\mgf clwsf/sf lglDt cfjfh tyf emngfysf] cGtLd OR5f k'/f
e' m 08sf] gfOs] cyjf ;' ; Ln ljleGg cfk/fwLs hTyf tyf p7fO/x]sf t]nu+ fgf, uf]vf{Nof08 tyf u/LbLg dfq xf] O g . hgdtsf]
zflGt / ;+ljwfg kfpg] lglZrt 5 . e'm08x¿nfO{ cf>o bLg] tyf ;xof]u bh{gf} /fHox¿df d'lQm, ;dfgtf tyf
sf]O/fnfnfO{ e]6\g k'u] cgL tTsfn cfwf/df Pdfn] dfcf]jfbL;Fu cfdg],
PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL hf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] sfFu; ]| sf d'Vo ;lrj egLg] csf{ ug],{ g]kfnsf] e'dL csf]{ IfLd]sL /fi6« clwsf/sf] lglDt ;+3;{ u/L/x]sf ;fdg] a;]/ s'/f ug]{ x};LPt ;d]t
bn eP/ klg ljutdf ;/sf/ aflx/ a:g'k/]sf] lyof] eg] clxn] lj:tf/jfbL sf/LGbf 3LdL/]n] aQmAo rLgsf] lj?4 k|of]u ug],{ nufotsf dfcf]jfbL lab|f]xLx¿sf ;jfndf s] /fVb}g eg] Pdfn]n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ /Iff
klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] t];f| ] 7"nf] bnnfO{ ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j ;'lDkP/ lgsfn]/ sfnf] em08f b]vfpg] tyf ofjt s[ofsnfkx¿ lj:tf/jfbn] hjfkm lbG5 < kfsL:tfg, g]kfn tyf dGqfno bLb}gf}, u[xdGqfno bLb}gf},
la/f]wug]{ sfo{sf] la/f]w ub}{ cfktL g]kfndf lgjf{w ¿kdf u/L/x]sf] 5 . rLg nufotsf l5d]sL /fi6«x¿;Fusf] jf of] lbG5f}, Tof] bLGgf} eGg] x};LPt
cfk"m ;/sf/df ;fd]n x'gk' /]sf] l:ylt 5 . g]kfnsf ;+;b\jfbL oLg} sf/0fx¿n] ubf{ lj:tf/jfbL s6'tfk'0f{ ;DaGwsf] af/]df s] hjfkm
hgfP . lab]zLx¿nfO{ ck/fwug{ tyf xf] sL xf] O g< lsg Pdfn]
/fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf] 3]/faGbL / j}bl] zs rnv]nn] ubf{ o:tf] bf;tf nfWbg P;/L k|/] Lt ug]x{ ¿nfO{ sd{rf/Lx¿, /fs]z ;'bx¿ tyf /c lbG5< ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL lgtLsf] jf:tljstfsf] w/ftndf peLg] zfx;
l:ylt ef]Ug'k/]sf] p;n] e'Ng' x'Fb}g, t;y{ b]zsf] ljBdfg s'6gLltsf] s'g} yfxf x'g] s'/f kgL sf Ph]06x¿ ufpF3/, zx/ahf/, Aofks la/f]w ;L+uf] bIfL0f P;Lofn] ub}g{ < lsg cfk\mgf] x};LPt la;L{Psf]
kl/l:yltnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ h;/L dfcf]jfbLn] ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePg . rLgn] u/]sf] h:tf] Aojfxf/ xLdfn, kfxf8 tyf t/fOlt/ Psgf;n] ub}{5 eg] laZj ;d'bfon] ef/tsf] 5< Pdfn]n] dx;'; ug}{k5{ sL
ef/tn] lsg ug{ ;Sb}g< P;sf] plrt tf08j g[To u/L/x]sf 5g\ . ;fdfGo of] bfbfuL/LnfO{ ;dy{g unf{< g]kfn xTs]nfn] ;'o{ nfO{ 5]s/] bLp;} /ftkf5'{
;f]r /fVof], To;}u/L, p;sf] kf6L{af6 ;/sf/df ;fd]n ePsf s'6gLlts dfgdof{bfsf] ;d]t vLNnL nufot bIfL0f P;Lofdf cfh h;/L
hjfkm ;fxfob g]kfnsf /fgLlts / b'gLofnfO{ d'v{ agfp5' eGg' s]jn
dGqLx¿n] klg cfˆgf] cx+ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'k{ g]{ cj:yf 5 . g]tfx¿;Fu 5}g . obL P;sf] ;xL p8fpb} ;f}rfno b]vL kfgL vfg]kfgLsf] ef/tla/f]wL efjgf Aofks ¿kdf Pdfn]sf] d'v{tf xf] . ;+lawfg;efsf]
t;y{, PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6 ;/sf/df k'us ] f dGqLx¿n] pQ/ s;};Fu 5 eg]kgL 5ftLvf]n]/ 6\ofFsL ;LnfGof; tyf pWb3f6gsf] a8\b} 5, P;sf] sf/0f ef/tsf] lgjf{rgk5L clxn] ;Ddsf] cGof]ntf
lxhf] kf6L{n] cfdgful/s ;dIf u/]sf] k|lta4tfsf] Vofn ub}{ eGg ;Sg] ;fx; 5}g . g]kfnL g]tf afxfgfdf g]kfnsf cTofGt dxTjk'0f{ lj:tf/jfbL gLlt g} xf] . ef/tn] tyf utLxLgtf hgdtsf] ;Ddfg ug{
6f]knLg] k]08'ndx¿n] a'em' g P;sf] tyf /0fgLlts dxTjsf :yfgx¿sf] uDeL/tfk'js { ;f]Rg h?/L 5 sL s'g} g;Sg', cfk\mgf] x};Lot tyf cfsf/nfO{
zflGt, ;+ljwfgnfO{ k"0f{tf / cGofo cTofrf/ / e|i6frf/af6 pQ/ g]kfnL hgtfx¿;Fu 5 . e|d0fnfO{ Aofkstf bLO/x]sf 5g\ . b]zsf Psfb /fhgLlts kf6L{sf u2f/ cfTd;fy ug{ g;Sg'sf] k/L0ffd xf] .
d'lQm lbnfpg] lbzfdf cu|;/ x'gk' 5{ . jt{dfg ;/sf/df b]z ef/t lj:tf/jfbL d'n's xf] . g]kfn Pp6f :jtGq tyf ;fj{ef}d;Qf tyf bnfnx¿ v/Lb ub}{df ef/tsf] ;d:of ;dfwfgdf afwfAofjwfg
/ hgtfsf] cfjZostf / rfxgf oxL 5, o;nfO{ k"/f ug{ lj:tf/jfbsf] cy{ ef/tnfO{ ufnL ;DkGg d'ns ' xf] . P;sf cfk\mg} lgod ck/fw tyf cTofrf/ 5f]kLb}g . pTkGg ug]x{ ¿, ljleGg gofF gofF ;t{
gjlgo'Qm dGqLx¿ ;kmn xf]pmg\, pgLx¿sf] sfo{sfn ;kmn u/LPsf] geO p;sf] r/Lq cg';f/ tyf sfg'gx¿ 5g\ . P;n] kfngf ug]{ pbfx/0fsf] nfuL g]kfn g} sfkmL 5 . /fVg]x¿, b]z tyf hgtfsf] lj?4df
p;n] kfPsf] gfd xf] . ef/t c;n ljleGg cGt/f{ 6 Lo gLod tyf g]kfnsf tyfsyLt nf]stGqjfbL lab]zL zlQms]Gb|x¿sf] n+uf}6Lsf] km]/f]
agf];,\ oxL z'esfdgf . 5Ld]sL /fi6« xf]Og / x'g kgL ;Sb}g . sfg'gx¿ 5g\, s'6gLlts dfg, dof{bf egLg]x¿ cwLsf+; ef/ts} k|ltgLwLTj ;dft]/ gfRg]x¿, tyf nf]stGqsf]
tyf To;sf ;Ldfx¿ 5g\, t/ /fs]z u/L/x]sf 5g\, pgLx¿ ef/tsf bnfn
gj‘/fhf’ sf] ;jf/Ln] ;j{;fwf/0fdf ?jfaf;L ¤
sf7df8f}F . g]kfnL ;]gfn] …;]gf bz{gkl5 kmls{g] qmddf ;'/IffsdL{n]
:jtGq /fHo hDd' s f:dL/nfO{
cltqmd0f ug{, hDd', sf:dL/sf]
c:yLTj ;dfKt kfg{ ef/tn] clxn]
;'bx¿ P;/L g]kfn rfxf/L/x]sf 5g\
dfgf} g]kfn ltgsf afpsf] cfFug xf],
g} x'g\ . -of] d]/f] dfq egfO geP/
ef/tLo kqLsf 6fOD; ckmO08Lofsf]
dGq hKb} k|ltudsf] g]tT[ j ug]x{ ¿
;a} s f] ;SsnL cg' x f/ hgtfn]
kxLrfgu/]sf 5g\, logLx¿sf x/]s
lbj;Úsf cj;/df lalxjf/ ;fFem af6f] v'nfpg] k|of; ubf{ uf}zfnf ;Dd stL nufgL u/\of], stL lgbf]z { hxfF pgLx¿ htLa]nf kgL hfg tyf egfO kgL xf]_ . t/ kgL g]kfnL s'sd{x¿sf] xL;fj sLtfj hgtf;Fu
cfof]hgf u/]sf] /flqef]hdf /fi6«klt rf]sdf bz{gfyL{x¿df ?jfaf;L rNof]. hgtfx¿sf] v'gsf] vf]nf] aufof] eGg] gfRg ;S5g\, h] dg nfUof] ug{ ;S5g\ . hgtfdf ef/tla/f]wL efjgf, ef/tLo 5, ;do cfpgf;fy hgtfn] prLt
/fdj/0f ofbj, k|wfgdGqL emngfy 6«flkms k|x/L tyf k|x/Ln] PsfPs xL;fj ;fxfob ef/t ;/sf/ ;Fu lsg ;Sb}g g]kfn ;/sf/ ltgLx¿nfO{ x]kfxf tyf r]kfxf k|a[tLsf] la/f]w km};nf lnG5g\ / prLt sfo{jfxL u5{g
vgfn / pk/fi6«klt k/dfgGb emf x"n lgoGq0f u/L af6f] v'nfpg] k|of; ;d]t 5}g . b;sf} latL;Sbf ;d]t s'6gLlts dfgdof{bf kfngf u/fpg< Aofks ¿kdf x'b} cfO/x]sf] 5 . P:tf eGg] s'/fdf ;d]t k|:6 x'g g;Sg'
cfsl:ds ¿kdf cf} k rfl/s ug{] qmddf x"ndf 3f]8f l5/fPkl5 hDd'sf:dL/sf hgtfx¿ cfk\mgf] lsg ;Sb}g g]kfn ;/sf/ tLgLx¿sf 36gfx¿af6 ef/tn] kf7 ;LSg}k5{ . eg]sf] cfTdxTof ug'{ a/fa/ g} xf] .
sf/u]8df uPkl5 bzf}F xhf/n] zf:tL x'n laRsg k'Uof] . ;8sk]6Laf6 :jfeLdfg, cfk\mgf] c:yLTj tyf ca}w ofqfx¿df a]s | nufpg< lsg
v]Kg' k¥of] . k|wfgdGqL / /fi6«kltsf
nflu /fli6«o lbj; / ljif]z kj{x¿df
kmls{/x]sf] x'n PsfPs lalRsFbf
dlxnf s]6fs]6L / j[4j[4f RoflkP/
cfk\mgf] :jtGqtfsf] nfuL n8L/x]sf
5g\ . otL ;Dd sL cfk"mnfO{ g}
;Sb}g g]kfn ;/sf/ ltgLx¿nfO{
sfg'gL d'NodfGotfx¿df afw]/ /fVg<
anfdL hfltsf] u0fgf ;'?
cfof]hgf ul/g] cf}krfl/s ;df/f]x ?g s/fpg yfn] . wGg afF l rof] nf]stGqsf] hGdbftf eGg k5L gkg]{ lsg 5f8f 5f]8s ] f] 5 g]kfn ;/sf/n] sf7df8f},. d'ns' e/ 5l/P/ /x]sf lqe'jg ljZj ljBfnodf xfn ;Dd sl/j
/ ljb]z hfg] qmddf dfq} …cf}krfl/sÚ sLlt{k'/sL ^% jifL{of uLtf uf}tdn] lj:tf/jfbn] hDd' tyf s:dL/sf ltgLx¿nfO{ ;fF8] 5f8] em}< g]kfn tyf anfdL hfltsf] jf:tljs tYofË kQf !) hgf ljBfyL{n] anfdLhfltsf] jf/]df
;jf rnfO{g] ul/G5 . cgf}krfl/s zflGtsf] :jf; km]b{} elgg\– eujfg\n] hgtfx¿sf] hgdt ;+u|xsf] dfu g]kfnL hgtfx¿sf] dfg, k|lt:7f, nufpgsfnflu hgu0fgf z'? ul/Psf] y]l;; tof/ kf/] klg c+uh ]| L efiffnfO{{
;jf/Ldf s]xL If0f cl3 af6f] vfnL arfP cfh . x"nn] RofKbf afFlrFb}g ;d]t ;Daf]wg ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . sf/0f OHot, :jtGqtf, tyf ;fj{ef}dLstfsf 5 . /fli6\o anfdL ;dfh g]kfnsf] ;d]t anfdL efiff elg n]lvPsfn] o;sf]
u/]/ ;jf/L rnfO{G5 eg] ljk/Lt xf]nf eG7fg]sf] lyPF . x"n lsg laRs]sf] k|:6 5 hDd' tyf sf:dL/sf hgtfx¿ lj?4 hfg] cfF 6 lsg ub} { 5 g\ s]lGb|o sfof{no sf7df8f}d+ f ePsf] 5fgljg x'g' kg{] jtfpg' eof] . ah|jf/fxL
lbzfaf6 cfpg] uf8LnfO{{ lg/Gt/ eGg] s'/f sltnfO{{ yfx} lyPg . ef/tLo bfbfuL/L tyf x'sd' t af6 ef/tLox¿< P;sf] Pp6} pQ/ xf] s]lGb|o ;ldltsf] j}7sn] klxnf] r/0fsf] ufjL;sf k"j{ cWoIf lrq axfb'/
¿kdf hfg lbOG5 . t/ cf}krfl/s PsfPs 7]nfD7]n eof] bz{gfyL{ ;fljqL d'lQm rfxfG5g\, pgLx¿ cnu x'g g]kfnL /fhgLlts g]tT[ j d'nt bLNbL sfo{ cGtu{t hgu0fgf ug{ nfluPsf] anfdLn] hgr] t gfs} cefjdf
;jfsf nfuL eg] b'O{ tkmL{ af6f] vfnL Gof}kfg]n] elgg\– d]/f] h'Qf v'l:sof] rfxfG5g\ . lautdf ;LSsLdnfO{ af6 ;+rfnLt 5 . /fhgLlts g]tT[ jsf] hgfO{Psf] 5 . ;f]xL cj;/df ;dfhsf k/fk'js{ fn b]lv g} afnljjfx x'b} cfPsf]
ug{k' g]{ x'G5 . 5f]6f] ;dodf af]6f vfnL h'Qf l6Kg v6\hs ] f] emG8} Hofg uof] . ;n{Ss lgn]sf] ef/tn] e'6fgnfO{ ;d]t ax'dt ;+Vof lj:tf/jfbsf] cf8, ;+of]hs df]xg axfb'/ anfdLn] cfkm\gf] eGb} Aofks r]tgf cfjZos /x]sf] jtfpg'
ug{ g;lsg] eon] ;8sdf kl/rflnt /fi6«klt dfq dfG5] xf] xfdL dfG5] cfk\mgf] d'67\ L eLq /fv]sf] 5, P;/L e/f];f tyf cf;L{jfbdf rNg] ePsf 5'§} klxrfg ePtf klg c?;fd' eof] . g]jf/L hflt leq} Ps k|hfltsf]
6«flkmsx¿ cl;gfkl;g x'bF } bf}8w"k xf] O gf} F eStk' / sf /fd dxh{ g n] egf} ef/tsf] cg'dtL lagf e'6fgLx¿n] sf/0f ltgLx¿n] lj:tf/jfbsf s'gk} gL ckl/lrt eP/ a:g' k/]sfn] Psh'6 ¿kdf lnO{g] anfdLx¿ k/fk"js { fndf
ul//x]sf] b]lvGy] . cs:dftlagf cfqmf]z kf]v]– /fi6«kltsf] ;jf/L ;f; km]g{ ;Sb}gg\ . g]kfns} s'/f ug]{ ck/fwx¿sf] la/f]w ug{ ;Sb}gg\, x'g cfu|x ug{' eof] . To:t} lgb{z ] s vKt8 j:g]t If]qL /x]sf] / enfb\dL
;"rgf af6f] vfnL ug{' kbf{ lalxjf/ eGb}df ;f]emf;femf hgtfdfly dgkl/ xf] eg] kgL :yLtL p:t} 5 . lautdf ub}g{ g\ a? cGo s'g} kf6L{ tyf ;+3, lgdf{tf afj' anfdL / ;'/g] anfdLn] zAbsf] cke|;+ eO{ anfdL x'g k'us ] f]
;fFem sfof{noaf6 3/ kms{g bzf}F ug{ kfOG5 -x"ndf w]/} ?g]df s]6fs]6L Oltxf;sf sLtfjx¿df k9fO x'GYof] ;+:yfx¿n] la/f]w u/] eg] dfnLs b'vL anfdL hfltsf] e]ife'iff / klxrfg clwsf+zsf] egfO{ 5 . xfn g'jfsf]6, k;f{,
xhf/ ;j{;fwf/0f gful/sx¿ hfdsf] b]lvGy] . x"nn] Rofk]/ ;f;} km]g{ ufx|f] k'j{ 6L:6f b]vL klZrd sfFs8f ;Ddsf] xf]nf eg]/, cfk\mgf] akmfbf/Ltf tyf emlNsg] u/L l5§} anfdL gfds rnlrq lrtjg, sfe| ] , bf] n vf, jemfª,
rk] 6 fdf k/] s f lyP . o;aLr eof] -!@ jifL{of ;aL nfdfn] ?Fb} e'dL g]kfn xf] . P;sf] cy{ cfwf g]kfn eQmLefj b]vfpg la/f]w ug]{ kf6L{ tyf lgdf{0f ug{ nfluPsf] atfpg' eof] . ;f]xL l;Gw'kfNrf]s, kmlk{ª, lrtnfª, sk'ufFp,
/fi6« k lt 8f= /fdj/0f ofbj elgg\– ddL klg /f]Psf] b]v]/ emg} lj:tf/jfbn] ;n{Ss lgnL;s]sf] 5 / ;+3, ;+:yfsf] p5Ltf] sf65g\, v]bf] cj;/df anfdL Pstf ;dfh s'nufp, x]6f}8f, ah|jf/fxL nufotsf
dxflzj/fqL kj{ d f kz' k ltsf] 8/ nfUof] . afsL /x]sf] hdLg ;d]t ;LWofpg, vG5g\ . P;}sf] pkh lyof] sfFu; ]| n] ah|jf/fxLsf ;+of]hs /fdhL anfdLn] 7fFpdf anfdLx¿sf] a;f]jf; /x]sf] 5 .
3 /fatOfc t]u @@ gu
' fmk nf; &^)@
ˆ
k|wfgdGqLsf] lhDd]jf/L
xflb{s awfO{ Pj+ z'esfdgf w|'jnfn >]i7
b]zsf] /fhg}lts cj:yf / b]zdf rln/x]sf] j}bl] zs
rnv]nnfO{ lrb}{ P=g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] b]vfPsf] Tofusf]
;x|fgf ug'{ kg]{ g} x'G5 . h'g p2]Zon] g]skf Pdfn]sf
cWoIf emngfy vgfnn] ;ft a'bF ] ;xdlt cg';f/ d'ns ' nfO{
cufl8 n}hfg] ljrf/ /fv]sf lyP, To;sf] ljkl/t vgfnn]
cfˆgf] v'§f sdfpg yfn] eg] vgfnsf] cj:yf klg dfwj g]kfn eGbf tNnf]
l:yltdf k'Ug] 5 eGg] s'/f] pgn] e'Ng' x'Gg . P=g]skf dfcf]jfbL b]zs} 7"nf] bn
ePsf] gftfn] ;/sf/df hfg'kg]{ cj:yfnfO{ j}bl] zs rnv]n / x:tIf]ks} sf/0f
t cfh b]zn] of] ult ef]Ug' k/]sf] 5 . xfd|f] b]zsf g]tf egfpFbfx¿n] s]jn s';L{
/ df]hd:tLnfO{ g} cfˆgf] /fhg}lts xf/lhtsf] d'2f agfPsf 5g\ . g]tfx¿n] of]
s'/f] klg ge"ng' ls cfpFbf] lgjf{rgdf k'gM hgtfn] pgLx¿nfO{ g} r'g/] k7fpg]
5g eGg] s'/f] glrtfP x'G5 . o;sf] hjfkm oL g]tfx¿nfO{ hgtfn] cufdL
lgjf{rgdf lbg]g} 5g\ . ;fta'bF ] ;xdlt / ;dembf/L ljkl/t gjlgjf{lrt
k|wfgdGqL emngfy vgfn nfu]df pgnfO{ Tof] 7"nf] b'ef{Uo x'g5 ] . dnfO{ nfUb}g
gjlgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqLn] To:tf] uNtL unf{g eg]/ . b]zsf] /fhg}lts cj:yf /
s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f cfk"mn] kfPsf] 7"nf] bnsf] ;dy{gnfO{ ch'g{ b[li6n] x]g{' kb{5 . To;sf/0f d Ps
gful/ssf] x}l;otn] hgtfn] lbPsf] of] df}sfnfO{ ch'g{ b[li6n] x]/L P=g]skf
dfcf]jfbLn] lbPsf] ;dy{gnfO{ ;sf/fTds ?kdf u|x0f u/L dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;/sf/df
;d]6L n}hfg'df g} pgsf] /fhg}lts ;kmntf x'g5 ] .
of] ljifo xfdLn] elg/fVg'kg]{ klg xf]Og ls b]zsf] /fhg}lts, cfly{s,
;dflhs / b]z ljsf;sf] cj:yf lbgb'gf /ftrf}u0' ffn] h/–h/ eO/x]sf] 5 .
o;sf] lhDd]jf/ klg log} /fhg}lts bnsf g]tfx¿ g} x'g\ . /fhg}lts bnsf
g]tfx¿n] cfˆgf] ulNtnfO{ ce}m klg g;'wf/]df g]tf vgfnnfO{ yKk8 dfq
hgtfn] xfg] . ca hgtfn] tL g]tfx¿nfO{ …uNnLsf s's/' g 3/sf] g 3f6Úsf
gt'Nofpnf egL eGg g;lsg] cj:yf cfpg] 5 s'g} klg bn / bnsf g]tfn]
e'Ng' x'Gg ls ca hgtf pgLx¿sf] kIfdf 5g\ eg]/ . hgtfx¿ ca b]zdf
zflGt / sfg'gL /fHosf] kIfdf dfq 5g\ . hgtf ca /fHo, /fHosf bn /
g]tfx¿;Fu clwsf/ / st{Josf] kfngf ug]{ g]tf / bnsf] vf]hLdf 5g\ . rfx]
6f]kaxfb'/ /fodfemL jif{dfg k'g v8\uaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{ Tof] k'/fgf] Joj:yfdf xf];\ ToxL l:yltdf k'¥ofOlbg] 5g . ca b]zdf o:t} bn jf
bnsf g]tf tyf ;+:yfsf] vf]hLdf 5g\ . ;don] s;sf] kIfdf a9L dt lbg] xf] .
PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6 dlGqd08ndf ;fd]n x'g' ePsf jl/i7 pkk|wfgdGqL Pj+ Tof] lbg / ;dosf] kvf{Odf cfhsf] g]kfn ef]lnsf] g]kfnsf] kvf{Odf g]kfn /
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqL s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f, ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0fdGqL g]kfnL hgtf 5g\ . k|wfgdGqL vgfn lsg Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ u[x dGqfno
lbg 8/fPsf x'g\ < pgLx¿n] lsg cfˆgf] k'/fgf] rl/qnfO{ la;]s { f x'g < cfˆgf]
6f]kaxfb'/ /fodfemL, zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0fdGqL jif{dfg k'g / ko{6g tyf k"j{ lqmofsnfknfO{ lsg g ;De]msf x'g\ < To;sf/0f vgfnhLnfO{ cfu|x ug{
rfxG5f}F ls u[x / Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lbFbf 8/fpg'kg]{ s'/} 5}g . pgLx¿ klg
gful/s p8\8ogdGqL v8\uaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{nfO{ xflb{s awfO{sf ;fy} ;kmn oxL w/tLsf gful/s x'g / o;} w/tLsf 5f]/f x'g\ . g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] clwsf/
/ st{Josf] ;+/If0f pgLx¿n] klg s;/L ug]{ /}Ú5g\ x]bf{ s] x'G5 / < d'ns ' g}
sfo{sfnsf] nflu z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}F . p7fP/ cGt kSs} nfg] 5}g eGg] s'/f a'‰bf x'G5 . vgfnhLnfO{ k|wfgdGqL aGg
s]kL zdf{ cf]nL k"jk{ w| fgdGqL dfwjs'df/ g]kfn kSs} xf]Og . pgsf hGdbftf
Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL g} x'g\ eGg] s'/f] e'Ng' eof] eg] cj:yf uDeL/ gxf]nf egL e'Ng'
x'Gg . To;sf/0f d emngfyhLnfO{ ;'emfj lbg rfxG5' ls cGt/3ft ug]t{ k{m

kl/jf/ gnfuL u[x Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lbO{ b]zdf gofF ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0fsf ;fy;fy}
b]zdf zflGt axfn ub}{ sfg'gL /fHosf] :yfkgfsf] nflu cu|;/ x'g cfu|x ug{
rfxG5f}F . x]/f}F vgfnhLsf] b[li6 ch'g{ b[li6n] sfd u5{ ls ub}g{ . cfˆgf] nrstf
b]vfpg] b[li6 s:tf x'g5 ] g\ . cfdgful/sx¿ emngfy vgfnsf] ch'g{ b[li6sf]
k}m;nf x]g]{ kvf{Odf /x]sf 5g\ .
-n]vs jl/i7 ;'/Iffljb\ x'g'x'G5 ._

xflb{s awfO{ Pj+ z'esfdgf t/fO{df rGbf cft+s Jofkf/Lx¿ knfog


sf7df8f}F . t/fO{df ljleGg ;z:q ut]af6 lbks kf]lndz{ pBf]u aGb
;d"xx¿sf] hf/L cfGbf]ngn] o; eO{ dfq lbks Knfl:6s pBf]u
If]qsf] Jofkf/ Joj;fo lbgfg'lbg ;+rfngdf /x]sf] 5 .
vl:sFb} uPsf] 5 . ;Kt/L, l;/xf / ;z:q ;d"xsf] wDsL / rGbfsf]
;'g;/Lnufotsf lhNnfdf Jofkf/ nflu lbOPsf] bafasf sf/0f
ug]{x¿ t/fO{df cfGbf]ng/t ;z:q l;/xfsf $( / ;Kt/Lsf $* hgf
;d"xx¿sf] cTolws rGbf dfu ug]{ Jofkf/Lx¿n] cfˆgf] Jofkf/ Joj;fo
/ rGbf lbg g;s] Hofg dfg]{ wDsLsf 5f]8]/ cGoq knfog ePsf] kfOPsf]
sf/0fn] k];f g} 5f8]/ knfog x'g] 5 . sfdbfsf] cefan] klg
u/]sf 5g\ . oL 7fpFx¿af6 knfog pwf]uwGwf ;'rf? x'g g;ls/x]sf]
x'gx] ¿dWo] sf]xL cGo lhNnfdf uP/ cj:yfdf ;z:q ;d"xx¿n] Psflt/
Jofkf/ Joj;fo ;'rf? ul//x]sf 5g\ rGbf dfu ug{] t 5Fb}5, csf]{lt/
eg] sf]xL Jofkf/ Joj;fo 5f]8/] cfˆg} a9bf] aGb / x8\tfnsf sf/0f klg
s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f 3/df aGbL;/x lbg latfO/x]sf Jofkfl/s ultljlwdf dGbL g} 5fPsf]
5g\ . clwsf+z Jofkf/L ljb]lzPsf 5 . dw]zdf xfn clvn t/fO{ d'lSt
5g\ . dw] z sf] d' l Stsf] gfddf df]rf{ -uf]Ot ;d"x_, hgtflGqs t/fO{
cfGbf]ng/t ;d"xx¿af6 lbgfg'lbg d'lSt df]rf{ -Hjfnf l;+x ;d"x_, dw];L
Jofkf/Lx¿sf] ckx/0f x'g,] xTof ul/g] 6fO{ u ;{ -/fhg_ ;d" x l;/xf /
tyf hah{:tL rGbfsf sf/0f o:tf] ;Kt/Lnufotsf lhNnfx¿df a9L
;d:of ef]Ug afWo ePsf] kL8f dfqfdf ;lqmo 5g\ . o:tf
Jofkf/Lx¿ ;' g fpF 5 g\ . -…rGbf ;d"xx¿åf/f Jofkf/L, sd{rf/L /
cft+sn] ;Kt/Lsf clwsf+z Jofkf/Lsf] ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{{ kmf]gaf6 wDsL lbg],
knfog eO;s]sf] 5, . ef/tLo dw]z ;/sf/nfO{{ s/ ltg{'kg]{ h:tf
;xof]udf :yfkgf ePsf] ;Kt/L gfddf ¿k}ofF dfUg] / c6]/ ug]n { fO{{
lhNnfsf] Ps dfq cf}Bf]lus If]q ckx/0f u/L xTof ug]{ u/]sfn] klg
uh]Gb|gf/fo0f l;+x cf}Bf]lus If]q - l;/xf / ;Kt/Lsf Jofkf/Lx¿ cfˆgf]
6f]kaxfb'/ /fodfemL jif{dfg k'g v8\uaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{ tTsfnLg /fhlj/fh cf}Bf]lus If]q_ snsf/vfgf / k;ndf uO{ ;xh
sf] cj:yf klg hL0f{ /x]sf] 5 . @ 9Ën] sfd ug{;Sg] jftfj/0f g/x]sf]
PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6 dlGqd08ndf ;fd]n x'g' ePsf jl/i7 pkk|wfgdGqL Pj+ ;o ($ /f]kgL -;f9] @@ lj3f_ df Jofkf/Lx¿ atfpF 5 g\ .
km}lnPsf] cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] ljqmd Jofkf/Lnufot ljleGg lgsfosf
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqL s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f, ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0fdGqL ;+jt @)$$ ;fndf lznGof; ePsf] JolStx¿ hah{ : tL rGbf tyf
lyof] . o;df !) j6f 3/]n' pBf]ux¿ wDsLaf6 kLl8t x'Fbf klg k|x/L
6f]kaxfb'/ /fodfemL, zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0fdGqL jif{dfg k'g / ko{6g tyf ;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 . @)%! ;fndf k|zf;gaf6 ;xof]u gkfPsf] u'gf;f]
ef/tn] g] k fnnfO{ { x:tfGt/0f ub5{g\ . k|x/L k|zf;gnfO{{ hfgsf/L
gful/s p8\8ogdGqL v8\uaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{nfO{ xflb{s awfO{sf ;fy} ;kmn ul/;s]kl5 o;df ( j6f pBf]ux¿ u/fpFbf ;d]t xfn;Dd s;}nfO{{
;~rfngdf cfPsf lyP . t/ kl5 sf/jfxL ug{ g;s]sf] a? hfgsf/L
sfo{sfnsf] nflu z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}F . ljleGg c;'/Iffsf] sf/0f tyf åGåsf] lbPs} sf/0f ;xof]u kfpg] eGbf

kl/jf/
sf/0f b]vfO{ ;a} pBf]ux¿ lj:yflkt u'dfpg] g} ;Defjgf a9L x'g] u/]sf]
eO;s]sf] 5 . o;df clxn] Ps dfq kLl8tx¿sf] u'gf;f] /x]sf] 5 eg]
pBf] u lbks Knfl:6s pBf] u k|x/Ln] hlt;'s} /fd|f] of]hgf agfP
;+ r fngdf /x] s f] 5 . @ j6f klg cTofjlws ;"rgfsf] cefjdf
pBf]ux¿ ;+rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] o; t/fO{df ab\bf]] ck/fw lgoGq0f ug{
cf}Bf]lus If]qdf @)^% kmfu'g ! ;s]sf] 5}g .
/fatOfc t]u @@ gu
' fmk nf; &^)@ 4

ˆ
bfOhf]k|yf leq lg;fl:Psf dw]zL dlxnf ljlrq ;+;f/
o'/f]ke/ Ps} lsl;dsf] df]afOn rfh{
g]kfnsf] t/fO{ dw]zdf bfOhf] kLtfx¿ . bx]hn] lg/Gt/ cg]sf}+
k| y faf6 pTkGg 3/] n ' lx+ ; f / ljBfgGb rf}w/L b'36{ gf / b'ikl/0ffd lgDTofO /xFbf a|;]N; . o'/f]ksf k|foM ;a} b]zdf cab]lv ;a} sDkgLsf] df]afOn
pTkL8g;Fu ufFl;Psf oL s]xL k|ltlglw /f]lsg] ;Ddsf] 36gf x'g] ub{5 eg] / ;DkGg 5, To; kl/jf/df bx]hsf] klg ;dfh d'sbz{s 5 . kmf]gsf nflu Pp6} rfh{/sf] k|of]u ug{] u/L tof/L ul/Psf] ;dfrf/ 5 .
u/]sf 36gfx¿ x'g\ . t/fO{ dw]znfO{{ ljjfxkl5 dlxnfn] bx]hs} sf/0f Tolt g} af]nafnf 5 . s]6f kIfsf] OR5f cg';f/ bx]h Pp6} rfh{/af6 o'/f]ksf] s'g} klg :yfgdf s'g} klg sDkgLsf] df]afOn
nlHht / sn+lst x'g] u/L ljutdf oftgf / pTkL8g ;xg' k/]sf] k|z:t xfn;Dd bx]haf6 c5'tf] /x]sf] lbg g;s]s} sf/0f s]6Lsf] ljjfx /f]lsg] kmf]gsf] rfh{ ug{ ;lsg] u/L To;vfnsf] k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug{] tof/L ePsf]
oL 36gf 3l6t ePsf 5g\ t/ b'Mvb pbfx/0f 5g\ . Hofg} hfg ;Sg] lgDg juL{o tyf blnt ;dfhdf klg ub{5 . cfly{s ;fdYo{sf] cefjdf ;f] ;dfrf/df pNn]v 5 . o'/f]k]nL o'lgogsf] !$ k|d'v df]afOn kmf]g
/ nfhdbf]{ o:tf ;fdflhs cGofo tyf hf]lvdk"0f{ cdfgjLo, cj}1flgs / of] ;b}{ hfg'n] o;n] x}hfsf] ¿k u|x0f 5f]/Lsf] ljx] x'g g;s]kl5 ;fdflhs sDkgLn] o;df ;xdlt hgfPsf 5g\ . sDkgLx¿n] o;af6 u|fxs ju{nfO{
s'sfo{kl| t ;dfhdf g s'g} cfqmf]z, afWofTds kl/l:yltx¿sf] ;[hgf;d]t ub}{ u/]sf] k|dfl0ft x'G5 . cfkm\gf] ¿k, nHhfsf] eon] sltko kl/jf/ /fxt k|fKt x'g] / On]S6«f]lgs emGem6nfO{{ sd ug{ ;lsg] atfPsf 5g\ .
kZrftfk / cfGbf]ng cyjf lj/f]w;D x'g] u/]sf] 5 . dw]zsf lxGb" / d'l:nd cfsf/ / gfd km]b}{ bx]h lj:tf/} ;fd"lxs cfTdxTof ug{ ;d]t afWo o:tf] ;dfg rfh{/sf] o;} jif{af6 laqmL ;'? x'g]5 . ;xdlt hgfpg]
dug{ s'g} klg kIfn] km';b{ lgsfn]sf ;dfhdf s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf bx]h ltns kxf8lt/ klg psfnf] r9\b} 5 . x'G5g\ . bx]hs} sf/0f 5f]/LnfO{{ cem} sDkgLx¿df PKkn, PdAn]h df]afOn, x'cfj]O, 6]Sgf]nf]lhh, PnlhO{, df]6f]/f]nf,
5g\ . o;s} k|ltkmn xf]nf t/fO{ dw]zdf jf bfOhf] k|yf jiff}b{ l] v h/f] uf8\b} bx]hsf] dfldnfdf ;dfhdf tLg af]em 7flgg] dfgl;stfn] e|0' f xTofsf] PgO;L, gf]lsof, Djfnsd, l/d, ;fd;'ª, ;f]gL Ol/S;g, l6l;6L df]afOn,
o:tf cdfgjLo / c;f]egLo k|yf tLj| cfO/x]sf] 5 . elgG5, – /fdfo0fdf y/Lsf hdft 5g\ . bx]hf] n]gb]gnfO{{ b/ klg cfsflzb} 5 . s]xL ljsf;] 6]S;f; OG:6«d' G] 6\; / P6d]n /x]sf 5g\ . Ph]G;L
ultdf k|mi6ofO{ /x]sf] 5 . r]tgfsf
;Djfxs dflgg] k|fWofks, kqsf/,
jlsn, /fhgLltsdL{ h:tf af}l4s
klg ;Ltfsf] ljjfxdf pgsf a'jf
hgsn] cfkm\gf] HjfO{+ /fdnfO{{ dgUu]
bfOhf] lbPsf lyP . d'l:nd ;dfhdf
k|lti7f 7fGg], ;fdflhs k|lti7fsf] 8/n]
n'sL–5'kL n]gb]g ug]{ / o;nfO{{ ;fFRr}
s'ky| f dfg]/ lj/f]w ug]{ hdft 5g\ .
sfo{qmd / cleofgafx]s o;lj¿4
;dfhdf s'g} lsl;dsf] cfGbf]ng /
cfjfh p7]sf] b]lvb}g . 8/ k8\sfpg]
() s/f]8 o'h;{nfO{ vt/f
dfOqmf];ˆ6sf cg';f/ OG6/g]6 PS;Knf]//df Pp6f 7"nf] ;'/Iff vt/fsf
hdft klg o;k|lt df}g wf/0f ul//x]sf klg lgufxsf] a]nf bx]h k|jl[ Qs} gub klxnf] hdft ;dfhdf ax'dtdf 5 bfpdf bfOhf] pGd'ng s]Gb| n]lvPsf sf/0f () s/f]8 dflg;sf] lghL hfgsf/L vt/fdf 5 . Pp6f uDeL/
5g\ . / lhG;L lbg'kg]{ saf]n s]6L kIfn] eg] bf]>f] hdft cNkdtdf 5 / t];f| ] ;fOg af]8x{ ¿ cjZo b]Vg kfOG5 . >]0fLsf] ;'/Iff r]tfjgL hf/L ub}{ dfOqmf];ˆ6n] of] ;'/Iff sdLsf sf/0faf6
;'g;/Lsf] /fdjltsf] ;Gbe{df t ug'{kb{5 . dw]zL ;dfhdf klxnf hdftsf] cl:tTj eg] ;+s6df 5 . nueu x/]s hftLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] ljG8f]hsf ;a} ck/]l6Ë l;:6d vt/fdf /x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . o;df ljG8f]h
hftLo ;dfhn] k~rfot dfkm{t bx]h bfOhf]s} ¿kdf /x]sf] of] k|yf lj:tf/} bx]hdf sf/, df]6/;fOsn, lk|mh, b/fh jflif{s sfo{qmddf bx]hlj¿4 pb\3f]if PS;kL, ljG8f]h ljG6f, ljG8f]h ;j]{ @))# / ljG8f]h ;j]{ @))* ;+nUg
kfpg' s]6fsf] g};lu{s clwsf/ ePsf] ltns bx]hsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t ePsf] h:tf ljnfl;tfsf ;dfh;lxt h;n] ug]{ ub{5g\ . kl5 ;a} jfrf la;]/{ 5 . dfOqmf];ˆ6n] cGo j]e a|fph/ h:t} kmfo/kmS;, u'un qmf]d / ;kmf/L
;fljt ul/lbof] . o;n] klg bx]h n]gb]g 5 . krf; jif{ cl3;Dd of] lhG;L, hlt a9L gub kfof], ;dfhdf p;sf] To; ;+:yfs} kbflwsf/Lx¿ o; eg] of] vt/faf6 ;'/lIft /x]sf] atfPsf] 5 . sDkgLsf cg';f/ clxn];Dd
hf/L /xg'sf ;fy} 3/]n' lx+;f / 3/fo;L ;dfg / ntfsk8fsf] ¿kdf Tolt g} a9L rrf{ x'g] ub{5 . o;/L s'sd{df nfUg] ub{5g\ . of] au of ;'/Iff sdL x6fpg ;kmntf k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g t/ p;n]
pTkL8gsf 36gfdf s'g} sdL gcfpg] lbg] ul/GYof] eg] cr]n cdof{lbt bx]h k|yfn] ;fdflhs k|lti7fsf] :j¿ /fhgLlts kl/b[iodf dw]z cg]sf}+ Pp6f lkmS; O6 gfds ;'/Iff sjr hf/L u/]sf] 5, h;n] Xoflsªsf]
a¿ lbgk|lt a9\b} hfg] ;+st] ub{5 . gubL sf/f]af/sf] ¿kdf emfFlub} uPsf] u|x0f ub}{ hfg'n] klg o;n] df}nfpg] dlxnfx¿ b]lvP klg dlxnf d'lQm / sf]l;; /f]Sg ;xof]u ug{]5 . ;a} ljG8f]h k|of]u ug{]x¿ ljz]ifu/L h;n]
ljjfxsf] df};d d+l;/df g} d'xt' { eP 5. cj;/ kfPsf] xf] . clwsf/sf nflu s'g} klg cfGbf]ngsf] OG6/g]6 PS;Knf]// k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\, pgLx¿nfO{{ sDkgLn] ;d:of
klg udL{ s f] a9\ b f] tfkqmd;F u } k|jl[ Q / k|rng x'bF } lj:tf/} ;+:sf/sf] 5f]/fsf] ljjfxdf bx]h lnP/ hUuf p7fg ePsf] b]lvGg . ;+ljwfg;efdf ;dfwfg geP;Ddsf nflu of] ;'/Iff sjr 8fpgnf]8 ug{ cg'/f]w u/]sf]
a}zfvb]lv dw]zdf a]xn ' fsf] ahf/ ¿k u|x0f ul/;s]sf] bx]h nueu x/]s lsGg], 3/ agfpg], df]6/;fOsn / pNn]vgLo pkl:ylt dw]zL g]t[ klg 5 . sDkgLn] o;nfO{{ ;'/Iffdf uDeL/ vt/f eg]sf] 5 t/ of] klg eg]sf] 5
tfltb} hfG5 . elgG5, — cfly{s dGbLn] ljjfxdf clgjfo{ / cfjZos g} sf/ lsGg] tyf 5f]/fnfO{{ d]l8sn– k'¿if k|wfg ;dfh / /fhgLlts} ls clxn];Dd Xofs;{x¿n] of] sdhf]/Lsf] kmfObf p7fPsf 5}gg\ .
/x]sf Jofkf/df k|ToIf cyjf ck|ToIf dflgG5 . To;}n] klg xf]nf bx]h s]6f OlGhlgol/Ëdf k9\g k7fpg] Jofkfl/s lk5nUu' x'g' b'ef{Uok"0f{ g} dfGg'k5{ . dfOqmf];ˆ6sf k|jStfsf cg';f/ of] ;'/Iff sdLsf sf/0f OG6/g]6 o'h;{nfO{
x|f; NofpF5 t/ dw]zsf] a]xn' f Jofkf/n] kIfsf nflu ef]het]/, df}hd:tL / k|jl[ Qsf] ljsf; tLj| ultdf a9\b} lrqn]vf ofbj, a;GtL emf, /]0f' ofbj, c;nLh:tf] b]lvg] kmhL{ j]e;fO6df k7fpg ;S5 / pgLx¿sf] Od]n /
of] s'/fnfO{{ em'§f] ;fljt ul/lbPsf] 5 lkmh'n vr{sf] dfWod klg ePsf] 5 . uPsf] 5 . ltns bx]hsf] kIfdf s]xL snfjlt kf;jfg / sl/df a]udaf6 kf;j8{ rf]l/g ;S5 . aLaL;L
ljZjJofkL cfly{s dGbLn] ;d]t ; dw]zsf pRr, dWod tyf lgDg dWod xf:of:kb ts{x¿ klg 5g\ dw]zL bx]h tyf af]S;L h:tf ljs[ltsf]
ahf/nfO{{ clxn];Dd s'g} c;/ kf/]sf]
5}g kxf8L ;dfhdf bfOhf] eGg] zAb
juL{o ;dfhdf of] k|yf JofKt 5 . pRr
/ dWod juL{o ;dfhn] d'xdf+uf -eg]
;d'bfodf . s]xLn] ;dfh ef}ltsjfbL
/ pkef] Q mfjfbL ePsfn] bx] h
lj/f]wsf] rfxgf ug'{ a]sf/ 5 . o;
SofG;/ lj¿4sf] n8fO{df cfhsf
;f]zn g]6jls{ª / lbdfu
k|rngdf 5 eg] dw]zL ;dfhdf ltns jf dfu] hlt_ hx]h lbg] ;fdYo{ /fVb5 km:6ofPsf] ts{ u5{g\ . of] ts{ ;xL lzlIft o'jf cr's xltof/ x'g ;S5 . Pp6f gofF zf]wsf cg';f/ h'g JolStsf] ;fdflhs hLjg Jo:t x'G5
jf bx]h zAb k|rlnt 5 . s]6L kIfn] t/ cfly{s c;Ifdts} sf/0f lgDg / ePsf] P ef}ltsjfb / pkef]Qmfjfbsf] pgLx¿n] cfh{g u/]sf] cfw'lgs lzIff pgLx¿sf] lbdfusf] Pp6f efudf cToflws :yfg x'g] ub{5 . g]r/ Go'/f];fOG;df
s]6f kIfnO{ :j]R5fn] gub / lhG;Lsf] lgDg dfWod juL{o ;dfhnfO{{ cToGt} r/df]Tsif{df /x]sf] o'/f]kLo ;dfhdf / r]tgfnfO{{ k|of]u ub}{ bx]h cGTo k|sflzt zf]wsf cg';f/ sof}F JolStsf] lbdfusf] :Sofgaf6 lbdfusf] Ps
¿kdf lbg] u/]sf] bfgnfO{{ bfOhf]sf] ufh]sf] 5 . hx]hs} sf/0f x/]s jif{ of] k|yf ljBdfg /xGYof] . a'xf/Lsf] ug]{ x:tIf]ksf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ efu Pldu8fnf ;fdflhs Jo:ttfsf ;fy ;fd~h:otfsf nflu s]xL a9\g]
¿kdf cYof{Og] ul/G5 . xhf/f}+ lgDg juL{o kl/jf/sf] pl7jf; /fd|f] b]vefn / ;'/Iffsf nflu bx]h ;S5g\ . t/ pgLx¿n] klg kl/jf/ / u/]sf] yfxf ePsf] xf] . of] zf]w %* hgf JolStdf ul/Psf] xf] . h;df
dw]zdf eg] ljjfx cl3 g} s]6L g} x'g] ub{5 . To;}n] s]6f kIfsf] nflu lng' k/]sf] eGg] csf]{ ts{ klg 5 . k/Dk/fsf] u'nfd eP/ cfh;Dd pgLx¿sf] pd]/ / lbdfusf] ;fOhsf] cfFs8f lnOPsf] lyof] . cd]l/sL
kIfn] s]6f kIfnfO{{ gub / lhG;L ljjfx pT;j x'g] ub{5 eg] s]xL kIfsf 5f]/fsf] kfngkf]if0f / lzIff–lbIffdf lg/fz g} agfPsf 5g\ . k|d] / ljjfx j}1flgsx¿sf] 6f]nLsf cg';f/ h'g JolStsf] ;f]zn g]6jls{ª a9L x'g] ub{5
lbg'kg]{ df}lvs s/f/ x'g] ub{5 . s/f/ nflu >f4 . o;nO{ lj8Dagf g} w]/} vr{ ePsfn] bx]h lng' k/]sf] h:tf] cfkm\gf] JolQmut dfldnfdf pgLx¿sf] lbdfusf] Pldu8fnfjfnf efu cGo JolStsf] t'ngfdf lgs} 7"nf]
:j¿k bx]h lbg ;lsPg eg] ljjfx dfGg'kb{5 ls h'g kl/jf/ hlt lzlIft afWofTds klg b]vfpF5g\ b'nxfsf pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] ljj]ssf] k|of]u slxn] lyof] . lbdfusf] Pldu8fnfjfnf efu efjgfx¿ / dfgl;s l:ylt;Fu ;DalGwt
ug]{ < cfGtl/s cf}klgj]lzs/0faf6 dflgG5 . of] zf]w Dof;fr';6] ; \ hg/n c:ktfn / xfjf8{ d]l8sn :s'n
af]:6gsf] 6f]nLn] 8f= nL;f km]N8Nofg af/]6sf] g]tT[ jdf ul/Psf] xf] . j}1flgsx¿n]
ul/aL, cGofo, cTofrf/, e|i6frf/, clzIff, d'lQm kfOof] eg] dw]z :ju{ aG5 7fGg]
dw]zjfbL bnx¿;Fu klg dlxnfsf] zf]wsf qmddf ;xefuLx¿;Fu pgLx¿sf] ;Dks{ / ;fdflhs ultljlwx¿sf
:jtGq / d'lQmsf] nflu s'g} of]hgf af/]df k"/f hfgsf/L lbg nufOPsf] lyof] . o;kl5 pgLx¿n] j}1flgs k|ljlw
hftLo e]befj xfd|f zq' x'g\ . o;sf lj?4 x'g] s'/} ePg . pgLx¿sf] ;fdGtjfbL k|of]u u/]/ pgLx¿sf] lbdfusf] Pp6f vfsf tof/ kf/]sf lyP . g]r/ Go'/f];fOG;
klqsfdf k|sflzt l/kf]6d{ f l6dn] n]vs ] f] 5– xfdLn] kfof}F ls jo:sx¿df
h8tfn] n}l+ us pTkL8gsf] eofjx
;a} ;r]t, ;hu / lqmofzLn /xg'kb{5 . cj:yfnfO{{ tTsfn ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sg]
s'g} 5fF6sfF6 b]lvGg .
Pldu8fnfsf] cfsf/ / ;+/rgfsf] ;DaGw ;f]zn g]6jls{ª;Fu /xG5 h?/ .
zf]wstf{x¿sf cg';f/ dfgj lbdfu ab\lnbf] ;fdflhs hLjgsf ;fy cfkm}dF f
;/sf/n] bfOhf] lng]lbg] sfo{nfO{{ klg ;'wf/ ul//xG5 . aLaL;L
ljutdf af/Daf/ b08gLo ck/fw
3f]if0ff u/] klg Jojxf/df sfof{Gjog
af]tn b"wn] aRrfsf] bf“t lvOg]
ePsf] b]lvGg . o:tf] 3f]if0ff hfb'sf] …ljsf; eGg] ls ljgfz ePsf] eGg]Ú clxn]sf] hLjgz}nLn] w]/} ;d:ofx¿
58L ePsf] eP klg hftLo 5'jf5't v8f ul/lbPsf] 5 . ;'Gb/tf sfod ug]{ gfddf sltko dlxnfx¿df aRrfnfO{{
/ sd}of k|yf h:tf cg]sg cdfgjLo cfˆgf] b"w v'jfpgsf] ;§f af]Qnsf b"w v'jfpg] k|rng lgs} a9]/ uPsf]
k/Dk/f plxn] g} cToGt} k|efjsf/L 5 . aRrfx¿n] cfˆgf] cfdfsf] b"waf6 h]–h:tf] :jefljs tyf k|fs[lts
x' g ' k b{ 5 . o;sf ;fy} dlxnf kf}li6s cfxf/ kfpg ;S5g\ To:tf] kf}li6stf af]tndf b"w v'jfP/ k|fKt x'g
;zlQms/0f / n}l+ us ;dfgtfsf nflu ;Sb}g . aRrfx¿nfO{{ b"w v'jfP/ cfdfsf] ;'Gb/tfdf c;/ k5{ eGg] wf/0ff
hg:t/df cNksfnLg / bL3{sfnLg g} unt xf] . aRrfnfO{{ b"w v'jfpgfn] cfdfsf] ;f}Gbo{tfdf j[l4 x'G5 ;fy}
sfo{ q mdx¿ th' { d f ug' { k b{ 5 . cfdf / aRrfsf] aLrdf ;DaGw klg cToGt} ;'dw'/ /xG5 . aRrfnfO{{ b"w
u}/;/sf/L / ;fdflhs ;+3 ;+:yfx¿n] v'jfpg] cfdfnfO{{ :tg SofG;/ x'g] ;Defjgf klg sd x'G5 . aRrfnfO{{
klg dlxnflj¿4sf] k/Dk/f / af]tn b"w v'jfpg] ubf{ y'k|} xfgL gf]S;fgLx¿ 5g\ . o;af/]df w]/} s'/fx¿
g] k fn ;/sf/ cGwljZjf;sf] ;d"n gi6sf nflu aflx/ cfO;s]sf 5g\ . t/ ev{/} Ps gofF a]kmfObf klg kQf nfu]sf] 5 .
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno ;dfhdf r]tgf km}nfpg] / dlxnfsf] Tof] xf] af]tn b"w vfg] u/]sf aRrfx¿sf] Ps jif{d} pd]/df bfFt lvOg]
u5{ . clxn] aRrfx¿sf] o;/L bfFt lvOg] k|lqmof b]vf k/]kl5 ci6«]lnofsf
lzIff, r] t gf clej[ l 4 tyf
;"rgf ljefu cfTdlge{ / tfsf nflu ;fdflhs
hfu/0f Pjd\ cleofg g} rnfpg'
s]6fs]6L;DaGwL Ps pRr:t/Lo c:ktfnn] aRrfsf cleefjsx¿nfO{{
af]tndf b"w v'jfpg aGb ug{ cfu|x u/]sf] 5 .
kb{5 .
bx] h h:tf cg] s f} + ljs[ l Q ;sf/fTds efjgf / ;f]rn] :j:y /fVg ;xof]u u5{
dlxnfnfO{{ bf];f| ] bhf{sf] ¿kdf x]g{] /f]ux¿ s]jn zf/Ll/s x'G5g\ eGg] ;f]rfO kfNg]x¿s} ;+;f/df ax'dt
k'¿if;QfTds ;fdGtjfbL ;dfhsf] xf]nf . t/ /f]ux¿sf] l;h{gfdf jf cfk"mnfO{{ :j:y /fVgdf dflg;sf] ;sf/fTds
b[ l i6sf] 0 f xf] . o:tf] b[ l i6sf] 0 f ;f]r, gsf/fTds ;f]r jf efjgfsf] klg 7"nf] dxTj /x]sf] x'G5 . olb
gx6fP;Dd bx]h pGd'ng t s] dlxnf tkfO{+df ;sf/fTds ;f]r jf efjgfsf] sdL 5 eg] o;n] dgf]j}1flgs jf
clwsf/ / :jtGqtfsf] nIo k|fKt dfgl;s ¿kdf dfq xf]Og, zf/Ll/s ¿kdf klg ;d:of l;h{gf ug{ ;S5 .
ug'{ c;Dej g} x'G5 . jf:tjdf bx]h ;sf/fTds k|jl[ Q -kf]hl] 6e Pl6Ro"8_ /x]sf dflg;x¿sf] a'9z ] sfndf :jf:Yo
pGd'ng dlxnf d'lQm;Fu g} ufFl;Psf] /fd|f] /xG5 . cd]l/sfsf] sg{n o'lgel;{6Ln] u/]sf] Ps cg';Gwfgdf hf];Fu
k|Zg xf] . k}ts [ ;DklQdf dlxnfsf] alnof] ;sf/fTds efjgf 5 pgLx¿df tgfjdf OGnfh{d];g a9fpg]
clwsf/, ztk|ltzt lzlIft dlxnf, /;fogx¿ sd kfOPsf] lyof] . pSt cg';Gwfgdf ;sf/fTds ;f]r ePsf
;dfh tyf /fHosf] x/]s lgsfodf dflg;x¿ c:j:ys/ afgL Aoxf]/faf6 klg k/ /xg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
pgLx¿sf] ;dfg'kflts / ;Ddfghgs ;sf/fTds ;f]r, ;sf/fTds k|jl[ Q / efjgf c;n :jf:Yosf] nflu a/bfg
;xeflutf geP;Dd g bx]h pGd'ng ;fljt 5g\ . t/ dflg;x¿ gsf/fTds ;f]r, efjgf / kj[lQaf6 plDsg
x'g ;S5, g dlxnf d'lQm g} ;Dej ;s]sf 5}gg\ . gsf/fTds ;f]rn] ;a} 7fpFdf ;d:of, kL8f, cljZjf;,
5 . To;}n] t/fO{ dw]zdf dlxnf d'lQm O{iof{, /fu, å]if, j}/efj cflbsf] hGd u/fOlbG5 . h;n] :jf:YonfO{{ l;w}
cfGbf]ngsf] cfFwLa]x/Lsf] ;[hgf ug's{ f] c;/ kfg]{ ub{5 . To;}n] ;sf/fTds ;f]r, efjgf / k|jl[ QnfO{{ clËsf/ u/f}F
ljsNk 5}g . – dw]z bk0f{af6 / :j:y agf}F .
5 /fatOfc t]u @@ gu
' fmk nf; &^)@
ˆ
oxL xf] hgrfxgf
æltdLnfO{{ d e'Ng ;lSbg hxfF ;lsg < cflv/ zflGt / ;+ljwfg
o'jf x'“sf/ ;fu/ kGt

cj;/ / r'gf}tLsf] aLrdf vgfn


hfp ltd|f] ofb cfO/xG5, of] vf]nf
of] gfnf of] kxf8 eG~ofª dnfO{{ ax; lgdf{0fsf] vflt/ s'g} ;xdlt ePsf]
5 eg] To;nfO{ { Tof] lbg;Dd Joj:yflksf ;+;b\n] ;ft–;ft dlxgf;Dd k|wfgdGqL r'Gg g;Sbf d'ns
clg0f{osf] aGbL aGof] . d'ns ' nfO{ To;af6 d'Qm ug{ dfcf]jfbLn] P]ltxfl;s
'
af]nfO{/xG5Æ of] g]kfnL /fli6«o uLtsf t]haxfb'/ >]i7, xfn Oh/fon lg/Gt/tf lbFbf s] lau|G5 < olb
lg0f{o lnof] . dfcf]jfbLsf] ToxL lg0f{osf] sf/0f d'ns' n] gofF k|wfgdGqLsf] ¿kdf
zAbx¿ ;fFRr} g} oyfy{k/s 5g\ . hgtfnfO{{ 9fF6]/ b]z laufg{ vf]h]sf
xfdL ljb]zL e"lddf >d a]Rg]x¿nfO{{ oyfy{tf emg} u8\g yfN5 . k/fOsf] P]ltxfl;s sfd 5f8]/ dGqL agL gzf x'g\ eg] of] PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLsf Pdfn]sf cWoIf emngfy vgfnnfO{ kfof] . dfcf]jfbLn] vgfnnfO{ g]kfnL hgtf
oL zAbx¿n] g5'g] sf] g} xf]nf / < e"lddf kfOg] b'Mvn] cfˆgf] b]znfO{{ lnP/ 8fG;–af/df gfRof}, cfˆgf hgtfn] s;}nfO{{ afFsL /fVg] 5}gg\ . cfkm}n F ] agfPsf] k|wfgdGqL eg]sf] 5 . o;cl3 ef/tsf] l;w} lgb]z { gdf oxfF
;+;f/sf] h'g s'gfdf eP klg xfdL cltg} ;DemG5f}F . ljleGg s'/fsf] gft]bf/ cf;]kf;]nfO{{ cfˆg} afpsf] To;}n] ;xdltsf] d;L g;'Sb} lj/f]w k|wfgdGqL r'lgg] ul/GYof] . b]zL, ljb]zL if8\oGqnfO{ lrb}{ dfcf]jfbLn] cfˆg}
g]kfnL g]kfns} dfof d'6'el/ /fvL k|;Ë xfdL b]zsf] dfof;Fu hf]l8/x]sf ;DklQ h:tf] u/L ;/sf/L uf8L lbO{ ug]{ tl/sf abnf}F . hgtfx¿ oxL tfutn] g]kfndf k|wfgdGqL rog u/]sf] ef/tnfO{ k6Ss} dg k/]sf] 5}g . ;w}F
afFlr/x]sf x'G5f}F . hf] s;}n] klg cfˆgf] x'G5f}F . lsgls xfd|f] z/L/ st} eP hGtL cf];fg{ klg k|of]u u¥of} . rflx/x]sf 5g . s[kof a'lemb]p g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf cfˆgf s7\kt' nL v8f ub}{ cfPsf] ef/tsf] nflu dfcf]jfbLsf]
b]zsf] k|ultsf] sfdgf u/]sf x'G5f}F . klg xfd|f] dg ToxL x'G5 . gxf];\ klg hgtfsf] kl;gfn] lslgPsf tL g] t fx¿ . cfˆgf] :jfy{ s f] nflu kl5Nnf] lg0f{on] p;sf] of]hgf rsgfr'/ kfl/lbPsf] 5 . g]kfnL hgtfn] nfdf]
s'g} bf]af6f]sf] hDsfe]6df xf];\ jf lsg xfd|f] eljio, xfd|f] ;+;f/ ToxL uf8Lx¿ o'jtL;Fu /f]dfG; ug{] o'jtL ltdLx¿ s] ub} { 5 f} eGg] s' / f ;dokl5 cfˆg} ljj]sn] ag]sf] ;/sf/ kfPsf 5g\ . d'ns ' nfO{ ce}m clg0f{osf]
lrof–gf:tf k;nsf] hd3f6df xfdL 5, hxfF xfdL hlGdof}F / x'ls{of}F . af]sL xf]6n–xf]6n rfxfg{ klg k|of]u hgdfg;df JofKt 5 To;}n] 5f]l8b]p aGbL agfO/fVg] g]kfnsf ef/tLo uf]6Lx¿ / ltgsf if8\oGqnfO{ emngfy vgfn
b]zs} af/]df s'/f ul//xg] u5f}{+ / To;}n] t xfdL dfof / k|d] sf] uLtsf] ub}{5f} . æ;/sf/L ;DklQ, xflsdsf] cfˆgf] :jfy{nfO{{ . hgtfnfO{{ gofF g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/n] k"0f{¿kdf Wj:t kfl/lbPsf] 5 . ;+;b\sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn
;'G5f}F . emg\ cf}krfl/s sfo{qmdx¿df ;fy} /fli6«o uLtdf klg 8'la/x]sf dgkl/Æ h;n] h] ubf{ klg efÚsf]5 hgd'vL ;+ljwfg b]p . ltdLx¿sf] dfcf]jfbLsf] ;dy{gdf k|wfgdGqL lgjf{lrt ePsf vgfnsf cfufdL lbgx¿
t 7"n} lrGtg ul/G5 . ljb]zLx¿sf x'G5f}F . ælaxfg p7\g] lalQs} lxdfn x} . k|hftGq t ltdLx¿nfO{{ dfq ;a} kfk kvflng] 5 . ltdLx¿nfO{{ lgs} ptf/r9fjk"0f{ /xg]5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf] ;fy / cfˆg} kf6L{leqsf] s8f
dfemdf xfdL cfˆgf] b]zk|lt v'a uj{ b]Vg kfOof];,\ oL xftn] ;w}F ;w}F g]kfn kf] /x]5 lg Û ul/a d/]sf] d/} lg ;Ddfg ug{]5g\ oL hgtfx¿n] . k|ltkIfsf] h:tf] Jojxf/nfO{ cj;/ / r'gf}tLsf] ¿k lnP/ vgfn cufl8
u5f}{+ lsgls uj{ ug{of]Uo 5 xfd|f] n]Vg kfOof];\Æ oxL xf] xfdL ;a}sf] . slt /fd|/L pkof]u ub}{5f} lg la;{5] g\ ltd|f uNtL, sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{{ . a9\gk' 5{ . vgfnnfO{ c;kmnl;4 kfg{ pgs} kf6L{leqsf slyt jl/i7 g]tfx¿
b]z . :ju{sf] Ps 6'qmfeGbf km/s rfxgf . xfdLn] xfd|f klxrfg k|hftGqsf] kmfObf Û kmntM of] 3f]if0ff u/ ultnf] ;+ljwfg h;n] nfu]sf 5g\ . ljz]iftM s]kL–dfwj u'6 o:tf] lqmofsnfkdf Gjf/fgb]lvsf] an /
kb}{g xfd|f] b]z g]kfn . k|s[ltn] hf]ufpg ;sf},F xfdLn] xfd|f lxdfnx¿ dgkl/tGqn] /fd|f] d'gfkmf sdfO/x]sf] b]zdf /fhg}lts :yfloTj /fVg ;Ifd a'l4 lgsfn]/ nfu]sf] kfOG5 .
l;Ëfl/lbPsf] 5 xfd|f] dft[e"ldnfO{{ . arfpg ;sf} F , clg cfˆgf] b] z ;/sf/L sn–sf/vfgfx¿ w] / } xf];\ . km]l/ b'Mv kfpg gk/f];\ s'g} Pdfn] kf6L{leq b]lvPsf] k|:6 b'O{ wf/dWo] s]kL–dfwj u'6 hah{:t cfk"mnfO{
e]63f6sf] qmddf xfdL Pscsf{df y'k}| arfpg ;sf}F . clxn] 8/ 5 st} dl/;s]sf 5g\ . s]xL lhpFbf 5g\ g]kfnLn] k|hftGqsf] nflu h]–hlt kf6L{leqsf] 7fn' agfpg] u/L nfu]sf 5g\ . rf}tkmL{¿kdf xf/ a]xf]/s ] f oL b'O{ kfq
k|Zgx¿ u5f}+{ . cfh y'k}| xfdLn] g]kfn g} n]Vg t gkfpg] xf]Og < t ;/sf/L cg'bfgdf . s'g} klg 6'x'/f eP, eP . hf]–h;sf] l;pFbf] Pdfn]sf] nflu dfq xf]Og, ;du| k|lqmofsf] afws alg/x]sf 5g\ . d'ns ' nfO{
cGof}ntfx¿ 5g\ xfdLaLr, xfd|f] cfˆgf] :jfy{sf] nflu b]z} aGbsL /fVg b]zsf] k|ult, ljsf; x'g jf hgtfsf] k'l5of], k'l5of] / hf]–hlt ckfË /;ftndf km;fP/ cfk"m hË] eGg] c;Dej k|of;df oL b'O{ kfqsf] cf}wL ;do
b]zsf] af/]df, xfdLdf k|Zg lzjfo xfd|f kfv08L g]tfx¿ nflu k/]sf] hLjg:t/ pRr x'g Tof] b]zsf] eP, eP . pgLx¿sf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ vr{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . cfˆgf] :jtGq cl:tTj / klxrfg gePsf s]kL–dfwj
c? 5}g . klxn] xfd|f afh] a'jfsf] xfdL b]lv/x]sf 5f}F . lab]zL k|e'sf] /fhg}lts l:y/tfn] g} dxTjk"0f{ :yfg ug{ ;sf];\ ca aGg] ;+ljwfgn] . km]l/ ef/tLo ;Qfsf c;kmn sfdbf/ eg] kSs} x'g\ . pgLx¿ p;s} lgb]z { gdf
kfnfdf ufO{hfqf Psb'O{ lbg x'GYof] lgb]{zgn] 7"nf] k|efj kf/]sf] 5 ta lnG5 eGbf b'O{dt gxf]nf . xfd|f] x'g gk/f];\ sf]xL 6'x'/f, ljwjf / p7\a; ug]{ u/]sf] ;a}nfO{ cjut ePs} s'/f xf] . cfˆg} kf6L{cWoIf k|wfgdGqL
t/ clxn] xfd|f kfnfdf xfd|f] b]zdf g of] ufO{hfqf olt nfdf] ;do;Dd b]zdf ePsf] /fhg}lts cl:y/tfn] ckfË . oxL xf] hgrfxgf . ePsf] a]nf pgnfO{ ;xof]u ug's { f] ;f6f] pgLx¿ k|ltkIfdf /x]sf] sfFu; ]| sf]
jif}e
{ l/ ufOhfqf dGrg e}/x]sf] efg dGrg eO/x]sf] 5 . Ps kIfn] o;nfO{{ xfd|f] b]z sxfFlg/ 5 eGg] s'/f ;a}nfO{{ cGtdf, b]zdf :yfloTj x'g] xf] ;/sf/k|ltsf] cfˆgf] Jojxf/ tyf b[li6sf]0f cfpg' cufj} lj/f]wsf] s8f :j/
ePsf] 5 xfdLnfO{{ . g]tfx¿ ufOhfq] 6'Ëofpg k|of; u5'{ csf]{ kIfn] 1fg 5 . zf/Ll/s ;Ifdtf / z}lIfs eg] ljsf;n] ult lng w]/} ;do cnfKg yfn]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf u[x dGqfno lbg x'bF g} eGb}
kfqdf ¿kfGtl/t e}/x]sf] dx;'; x'G5 csf{sf] ljj]sn] lj/f]w u5{ / csf]{ ;Ifdtf ePsf] o'jf ju{sf] 7"nf] lx:;f nfUb} g . 7" n f] g] k fnL hgzlSt /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o nljª yfn]sf s]kL–dfwj clxn] vgfnn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{
xfdLnfO{{ . xfdL k|Zg dfq u5f}+{ pQ/ cGofo ylkG5 . x] g]tfx¿ xf], cfˆgf] ljb]lzO;s]sf] 5 . afFsL /x]sfx¿n] ljb]zdf cjZo 5 t/ xfdLx¿n] h;/L klg u[xdGqL lbg] ePkl5 lx:; k/]sf 5g\ . nf]stGqsf] rsf]{ efif0f ug]{
st} e] 6 \ o fpF b } g f} F . s' / } s' / fsf] ljj]sn] rNg] u/ . ltdLx¿sf] cfˆgf] klg kfOnf prfnL /x]sf 5g\ . cfˆgf] d'6'df b]znfO{{ /fv]sf 5f} . oL kfqx¿n] cfˆgf] Jojxfl/s hLjgdf eg] nf]stGqsf] sxLF, st} uGw e]l6Fbg} .
l;nl;nfdf xfd|f cfFvfx¿ oqtq eg]sf] xfdL hgtfx¿ xf}F, xfd|f] pgLx¿sf] dgdf ca of] b]zdf s]xL xfdLn] cfˆgf] bfloTj la;]{sf 5}gf} . dfcf]jfbLn] ;Qf sAhf ug{ nfUof] eGg] sfNklgs xf}jf km}nfP/ gyfSg] s]kL–
8'N5g\, b]V5f}F xfd|f] cufl8 uugr'DaL efjgfcg'¿k rn, hgtfsf] xft x'Gg / s]xL ug{ ;lsGg eGg] s'/f xfdLn] cfˆgf] ;Lk / IfdtfnfO{{ cem} dfwj dfcf]jfbLn] zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] nflu u/]sf] kl5Nnf] Tofuaf6
dxnx¿, xl/ofnL au} F r fx¿ p7]sf] gla;{ . o;/Lg} xfd|f] efjgf eg{ xfd|f] g]tT[ jju{ ;Ifd ePsf] 5 kl/:s[ t ul//x] s f 5f} . oL ddf{xt ePsf 5g\ . g]kfnL hgtfsf] pRr r]tgf:t/n] s] 7Ls, sf] a]7Ls eGg]
,km/flsnf lrNnf ;8s, x/]s s'/f s'Nrb} hfg] xf] eg] hlt g} ;'/Iff . efif0f ;fx| } dL7f] u/] klg hgzlStx¿ cfˆgf] e"lddf kmls{P/ /fd|;} uF klxrfg ug]{ ;fdYo{ /fV5 . Oltxf;sf] x/]s kl/jt{gdf afws aGg
Jojl:yt . dfG5]x¿ ;a} Ao:t cf– a9fP klg ltdLx¿ aRg] 5}gf}F . ultljlwdfkm{t\ pgLx¿nfO{{ ljjz cfˆgf ;Lk / IfdtfnfO{{ b]zsf] ljsf;df vf]Hg] tTjx¿nfO{ hgtfn] tx nufpg] g} 5g\ . lxhf] hgtfnfO{ /}tL b]Vg]x¿sf]
cfˆg} sfdwGbfdf . pgLx¿df hgtfsf] w}ot{ fnfO{{ hgtfsf] sdhf]/L kfl/Fb}5, afWo ul/Fb}5 . clg b]zsf] pkof]u ug{ cft'/ 5g\ . xtfl/Psf 5g\ xfnt s] ePsf] 5, ;a}nfO{ yfx} 5 . clxn]sf] d'Vo sfo{of]hgf zflGt / ;+ljwfg
lrGtg 5 t s;/L ug]{ k|ult, s;/L 7fgL /Xof} eg] ltdLn] u/]sf] uNtLsf] ljsf; s;/L x'G5 < xf] æg]kfnL oL dgx¿ cfˆg} df6f]df kl;gf aufpg . xf] . t/, zflGt / ;+ljwfg d'Vo sfo{of]hgf x'bF fx'bF } klg To;nfO{ layf]Ng s]kL–
hGdfpg] gofF rLh, s;/L aGg] cem} ;hfo ltd|f] zfvf ;Gtfgn] ;d]t hgzlSt ljb]zsf], s;/L x'G5 ljsf; dfq x'gk' ¥of] cfˆgf] sfd–wfd ;xh dfwjh:tf slyt g]tfx¿ nfu]sf 5g\ . To;nfO{ lr/]/ cufl8 a9\g' / g]kfnL
;DkGg, s;/L k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 cem} ef]Ug'kg]5{ . df}sfdf rf}sf eg]/ b]zsf] :jb]zsf] <Æ gf/fdf dfq ;Lldt tl/sfn] ug{ ;lsg] jftfj/0f clg x'gk' ¥of] hgtfnfO{ cfufdL h]7 !$ cufl8 g} gofF hgd'vL ;+ljwfg lbg' emngfy vgfn
lanfl;tf cflbOToflb . slxn] xf]nf ;+qmd0fsfnsf] kmfObf p7fO{ ;/sf/L x'g5] g\ ljsf;sf s'/fx¿ . To;}n] ca cfk"m / cfˆgf] sdfOsf] ;'/Iff . To;}n] g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/sf] klxnf] sfo{ef/ x'gk' 5{ . g]kfnsf] zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f
xfdL cfˆgf] e"lddf kms{g] < slxn] xflsdb]lv g]tT[ jstf{x¿n] hgtfsf] clt eO;s] s f] 5 . s[ k of of] o;sf nflu ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf h'6 . k|lqmofdf b]lvPsf] cj/f]wx¿nfO{ gfd]6 kfb}{ hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg n]Vg] d'Vo sfo{ef/
xf]nf xfdL klg o:tf s'/flt/ Wofg s/af6 ;+rflnt ;/sf/L ;DklQdf ufOhfqfnfO{ { l56f] cGTo u/ . cfˆgf] ljj]sn] sfd u/ . ca klg af]s/] cfPsf] vgfn g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/ slt ;kmn x'G5 eGg] t x]g{ afFsL g} 5 .
lbg kfpg] < xfd|f dgx¿ sNkG5g\ bfOF xfNb} 5f} . kl5 hgtfn] uf]? agfO{ JolStut :jfy{sf] nflu lj/f]wdfly gcNem lemgfdl;gf s'/fx¿df . nfu p;n] ;/sf/df dlGqkl/ifb\ lj:tf/;Fu} cfˆgf sfdnfO{ uDeL/tfsf ;fy cufl8
/ u'xfl/G5 x] eujfg\==== Û ha xfdL lk6\bf yfxf kfpnfpm, xf]lzof/ Û la/f]w gu/ . ca slt g} ;do 5 ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf, oxL xf] hgrfxgf . a9fpg' k5{ . pxL dfwj g]kfnsf] em}F dGqL ;f6km]/ ug],{ sd{rf/L s'6g\ ] dGqLnfO{
k/b]lzG5f}F, ta xfdLdf /fli6«otfsf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fh:tf] ckl/xfo{ / ylkPsf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb ho dft[el" d Û Û pGd'lQm lbg], cfˆgf efOelthfnfO{ ljleGg ;/sf/L If]qdf lgo'lQm lbg] af6f]df
vgfn g]tT[ j ;/sf/ nfUof] eg] dlGqd08n lj:tf/n] k"0f{tf kfpFbf gkfpFb}

ljsf;sf] gof“ cjwf/0ff


cg' / f] w >] i 7 ls < nfU5 sfnfx¿ lgSs} nfdf] b'/L ljsf;sf] r/d laGb' r'Dg] ;dodf kfOb}g sf]sfsf]nf ;a} lt/ kfO{G5 t/
pgsf] ;/sf/sf] lj?4 rf}tkmL{ ¿kdf cfnf]rgf x'g] lglZrt 5 . t;y{ lemgfdl;gf
sfdnfO{ kfvf nufpFb} d'ns

hgtfsf] lxtdf x'g5 ] .


' sf] d'Vo sfo{ef/ k"/f ug's { f] csf]{ ljsNk vgfn
g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/sf] cufl8 5}g . ToxL dfu{df cl3 a9\g' g} ;du| /fi6« /
pant_sagar@yahoo.com
s]xL lbg cufl8 6]lnlehg x]b{}
lyP, Ps sfo{qmddf b'aOsf] lasf;
;DaGwdf /f]rs hfgsf/L cfpFb} lyof]
kf/ u/]/ ;kgfsf] lr;f] ;+;f/df
cfOk'u,] pgLx¿ cfP of pgLx¿nfO{{
Nofo] s;}n] < xh'/ 7Ls ;f]Rg' eof],
ePsf] bfztfsf] cfGbf]ngn] bfzx¿sf]
xslxtnfO{{ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+Uof
lbof] . t/ g]kfndf eg] bfztf ldl;Psf]
of] hjfkm slt ;flGbe{s 5 t < s]
sf]sfsf]nf leq bfztf eGbf 7"nf] lrh
n'ss ] f] 5}g / < s'/fnfO{{ cln hl6n
‘b; sIff;Dd lgMz'Ns lzIff c;Dej’
sf7df8f},+ . ;jf{R] r cbfntsf] cfb]z eg] cbfntsf] lgb]z { g kfngf ug{
t/ d]/f] dg eg] ljsf; sf] kl/efiff s;}n] NofPsf g} lyP pgLx¿nfO{,{ t/ ljsf; sf] ;'?jft dfq ePsf] lyof] gagfp / z" I d ¿kn] x] / t,
kfngf ug{ ;/sf/sf] bfloTj eP klg ;/sf/sf] k|dv ' bfloTj ePsf] hgfPsf]
lt/ s]xL vf]hL ub}{ lyof] . ljsf; s] s] sf nflu t < cjZo ljsf;sf] s]jn . dfgj clwsf/nfO{{ canDag el/ofbfOn] lkPsf] sf]sfsf]nf / g]kfnL
;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿n] o;nfO{ { 5 . dGqfnosf k|jStf hgfb{g g]kfnn]
xf] < Tof] klg g]kfn h:tf] cNk nflu . bfztfsf] ;'?jft klZrdL u/]/ ljsf;sf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug{ d'vdf ld7f] nUg] lxlGb ufgfdf s]xL
…cJofjxfl/sÚ sf] ;+1f lbPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] lgb{z ] gsf] sfof{Gjog ug{
ljslzt b]z hxfF #%Ü hg;+Vof b]zsf] ljsf;nfO{{ dfq x]g{ klg 7Ls cj:o g} r' g f} t L lyof] . nfU5 km/s 5 < df]xL eGbf sf]sfsf]nf ld7f],
;jf{R] r cbfntn] dfWolds tx;Ddsf] tTk/tf b]vfP cfufdL cfjb]lv g}
ul/aLsf] /]vf d'gL 5g\ . s] ul/aL gxf]nf, t/ d]/f] of] n]vdf s]jn Pp6f /f0ffsfndf rGb| ;Dz]/n] g} bfztf g]kfnL ufgf eGbf lxlGb ufgf ld7f] .
lzIff tTsfn lgMz'Ns ug{ ;/sf/sf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] atfpF5g\ . k|jStf
ljsf; sf] kl/0ffd xf] < log} ofjt pbfx/0fsf] nflu dfq klZrdL b]znfO{{ x6fP t/ sdf/f sdf/L k|yf t zfob of] lsg xf]nf < xh'/ 7Ls a'‰g' eof],
gfddf k/dfb]z hf/L u/] kl5 ah]6 g]kfnn] !# ca{ ¿k}ofF 7"nf] /sd ePsfn]
s'/fx¿df lbdfu ?dNnL/x]sf] lyof] . k|of]u u/]sf] 5' . ;+;f/sf] ljZjfz clxn];Dd g} 5, v} x6]sf] < dfcf]jfbL o;nfO{ eG5 Colonization
cefjdf of] ;Dej gx'g] ;/sf/n] lzIff dGqfno cfkm}nF ] eg] Joj:yf ug{
To;} lar Ps el/of bfOnfO{{ ;lDemP, ljsf; / bfztf larsf] cg'Go;lxt ;d:of o;}sf] pkh kf] xf] sL . ljsf;sf] gofF cjwf/0ff klg ToxL
hgfPsf] 5 . cbfntn] gful/snfO{{ g;Sg] :ki6 kf/] . lzIff dGqfnosf
s'/f $ % jif{cufl8 sf] lyof] . el/of ;DaGw zfob ;+;f/n] a'em] 5 Sof/], ljsf;df bfztf sf] ;+nUgtfn] /x]5 . ljsf;sf] gfddf xfdLnfO{{
cfwf/e"t lzIff lgMz'Ns pknAw u/fpg' cg';f/ d'ns ' e/sf sl/a ## xhf/
bfO{ lar/f lbg e/L yfs]/ zfob ;a} d'n'sdf ljsf;sf] klZrdL hGdfPsf] pkh . zfob ljsf;sf] Tof] sf]sfsf]nf ld7f] nfUg yfN5 clg lxlGb
/fHosf] bfloTj ePsf] ljZjJofkL ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf sl/a ^) nfv
ysfO{ dfb}{ lyP, t/ Ps xfydf cjwf/0ffnfO{{ g} k|of]udf Nofpg] k|of; cjwf/0ff unt lyof], /fi6« xfFSg]x¿n] ufgf ufpg dg nfU5 . bfztf d/]sf]
dfGotfsf cfwf/df o:tf] km};nf u/] ljBfyL{ cWoog/t 5g\ . ! nfv & xhf/
sf]sfsf]nf clg cs{ xfydf df]afO{n ul/of] . g]kfn lsg To;af6 c5'tf] a'em]gg cyjf /fi6« ;]jsx¿n] ;do 5}g, glal;{g; ' x}, xfdLn] ga'em]sf] dfq
klg ;Lldt ;fwg tyf ;|ft] sf sf/0f lzIfs sfo{/t 5g\ eg] sl/a ^) xhf/
kmf]g, cfkm} nfO{{ k|Zg u/], of] s] xf], /xlGyof] / . /f0ffsfndf ag]sf eGbf cufl8 a'em] . cfhsf] ljsf;sf] xf], Pp6f km/s ¿kdf e]z kl/jt{g
;/sf/ s;/L of] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ug{] lzIfs cg'bfg b/aGbL, /fxt sf]6f /
ljsf; of ul/aL < d}n] cfh;Dd b/af/x¿ clg ;8sx¿n] ToxL t kl/efiff t el/of bfOn] lk/x]sf] u/]/ cfqmd0f ub}5 { bfztfn], clg
eGg] cK7\of/f]df k/]sf] clwsf/Lx¿n] lghL ;|ft] df /flvPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/n]
a'em]sf] ljsf;sf] kl/efzf unt lyof] eG5 lg x}g / < s'/f /xG5 To;nfO{ sf]sfsf]nf leq kf] /x]5 . lr;f] df]xL xfdL ljsf;sf] gfddf cfFvf lrDd
atfPsf 5g\ . cy{dGqfnon] ;jf]R{ rsf] sIff * ;Ddsf] lzIff k"0f{ lgMz'Ns u/]sf]
cyjf el/ofbfOn] a'em]sf] ul/aL sf] ljsf; eGg] of geGg] cyjf Tof] eGbf sf]sfsf]nf lsg ld7f] < df]xL u/]/ a;]sf 5f} .
cfb]znfO{{ ;/sf/n] kfngf ug}k{ g]{ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . sIff ( / !) nfO{{
kl/efzf unt lyof] . Tof] If0fn] d]/f]
dgl:ytLdf ljsf; / ul/aL larsf]
Pp6f /]vf g} sf]l/lbof] . d ;f]Rb} lyP
ljsf; sf] ;'?jft lyof] jf lyPg .
w/x/f aGof] t/ cfh;Dd Toqf] cUnf]
3/ c? s'g} ag]g . s] ljsf; eg]sf]
a]nfotdf g]kfnL ;+u7g ;'b9[ Ls/0f
nG8g . k|ultzLn g]kfnL ;dfh 5 . ;dfhn] a]nfotdf lqmofzLn ljleGg
afWofTds Joj:yf eP klg sfof{Gjog
ug{ c;Dej /x]sf] atfPsf] 5 . emG8}
klg qmdzM lgMz'Ns ub}{ hfg] sfo{qmd
/x]sf] ;/sf/L clwsf/Lsf] egfO 5 .
b'O{ ;ftfcl3 ;jf]R{ rn] lgMz'Ns lzIffsf /fhgLlts bnx¿n] sl/a 8] 9
PSsfO;fF} ;tflAbn] ljsf;nfO{{ s;/L Tof] x'bF } x}g t < x}g ljsf; ToxL lyof], a]nfotn] a]nfote/ ;+u7g ;'b9[ Ls/0f ;+3 ;+:yfl;t ;xsfo{ ub}{ a]nfotaf;L nflu cfjZos kg{] !# ca{ ¿k}ofF yk bzsb]lv dfWolds txsf] lzIff
kl/eflzt u5{ klZrdL b]zx¿ x]bf{ bfztfaf6 ljsf; x'G5 eGg] xfd|f] tyf ;b:otf lj:tf/ ug]{ ePsf] 5 . g]kfnLx¿nfO{{ kb}{ cfPsf] ;d:of ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug]{ cfb]z lbPsf] lyof] . lgMz'Ns ug{ r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkqdf
cg]sg k|Zgx¿ dgdf v]Nb} lyP . dfgl;stfsf] pkh lyof] Tof] ;a} . ;dfhsf cWoIf /0faxfb'/ s];Lsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf]df …c? zLif{ssf] ah]6 s6f}tL gu/L lzIffdf k|lta4tf hgfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ .
ljsf; sf] pbud laGb' s] lyof] . /f0ffn] t s]jn ef/tsf cFuh ]| sf] lzsf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf] a}7sn] ;f] lg0f{o u/]sf] o; sfo{nfO{{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] ePsf] 5 . yk ug{;Sg] ;Defjgf 5}g,Ú cGo If]qsf] @)^@ ^# sf] kl/jt{gkl5 dfcf]jfbLn]
cGtt d]/f] ;f]rn] bfztf clg ;fdlGt dfq u/]sf /x]5g\, s] yfxf /f0ffx¿nfO{{ xf] . ;dfhn] cfufdL tLg dlxgf ;b:otf g]kfn nfdf] ;do;Dd /fhgLlts ah]6 s6f}tL ug{;d]t ;xh gePsf] / klg cfˆgf] 3f]if0ffkqdf dfWolds
zf;g larsf] ;DaGwdf ljsf;sf] ;+;f/df bfztf pGd'ngsf] cleofg ljt/0f / gjLs/0f ug],{ OsfOx¿ u7g clg0f{osf] aGbL eO/x]sf] pNn]v ub}{ ljsf; ah]6 s6f}tL u/]/ lzIffdf yk tx;Ddsf] lzIff lgMz'Ns ug]{ k|lta4tf
kl/efzf b]Vof] . ljsf;df bfztfsf] ;'?eO;s]sf] lyof] . g]kfn slxn] klg / k'gu{7g ug]{ ljz]if cleofg ug]{ ;dfhn] dfcf]jfbL / Pdfn]aLr ePsf] ul/P ah]6sf] cfsf/ g} lau|g] / o;n] hgfPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgkl5
n'ss ] f] /x]5 . sfnf / uf]/fnfO{{ b'O{ c5'tf] /x]g Pdf{ c5'tf] /xg] klg s'/f atfPsf] 5 . a}7sn] PsLs[t g]skf ;ft a'bF ] ;xdltn] gofF ;/sf/ lgdf{0f ah]6sf nIo;d]t k|efljt aGg] sf] cy{ p;s} g]tT[ jdf ;/sf/ u7g eP klg
hftLsf] ¿kdf s'g} ;do klZrdL cfpFbg} . rGb| ;Dz]/n] ul/lbP bfztf dfcf]jfbLsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf ;ef;b ePsf] / b]zdf ;xdltsf] /fhgLlt gofF dGqfno sf] ts{ 5 . @)$^ kl5 ag]sf k|lta4tf sfofGjog x'g ;s]g . @)^& ^*
d'ns' n] ug]{ u/]sf] lae]b s]jn lae]b sf] cGTo . 5fl8of] sdf/f uf}/Lz+s/ v8\sfsf] c;fdlos lgwg lz/faf6 z'? ePsf]df gofF ;+ljwfg ;/sf/n] k6s–k6s dfWolds sf] ah]6df ;/sf/n] s'n ah]6sf] !&=!
dfq x}g h:tf] nfUof] . Ps rf]l6 sdf/Lx¿nfO{,{ t/ Tof] bfztfsf] cGTo ePsf]df v8\sfsf] cfTdfsf] rL/ zflGtsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu ;xof]u ug{ ;a} g]kfnLdf tx;Ddsf] lzIff lgMz'Ns ug{ k|lta4tf k|ltzt ah]6 -%& ca{ *# s/f]8 ¿k}ofF_
bfztfnfO{{ clk|msL cfFvfaf6 kf] x]g{] rfFxL kSs} lyPg . klZrdL d'ns ' x¿ sfdgf ub}{ zf]s k|:tfj klg kfl/t u/]sf] ckLn u/]sf] 5 . u/] klg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . lzIff dGqfnon] lzIffsf nflu 5'6o\ fPsf] 5 .
/fatOfc t]u @@ gu
' fmk nf; &^)@ 6

ˆ
;"rgf=== x'g yfn]kl5 o;sn] cfk"mx¿nfO{ s'g}

sf7df8f}+ pkTosfnfO{{ arfcf}}+


@!^ ju{ ls=dL= If]qkmn ePsf] pkTosf ;a} s'/fx¿sf] s]Gb«} s]Gb« jg]/ 3/j]6Lx¿sf dgf]dfgL k|jQ[ L klg ;+:s[tLsf] nflu O{ltxf; / jt{dfgdf,
bfaL 5 . P8LaLsf] ;xof]udf x'g
nfu]sf] pQm sfo{sf] 6]08/ cfXjfg
ePb]lv g} s]Gb|sf pklgb]z { s ljsn
km/s gkfg]{ atfpFb} cfk"mx¿ t lgldQ
dfq ePsf] atfpFb} cfPsf 5g\,
pgLx¿sf cg';f/ ;"rgf k|ljlw
s]Gb|leq ePsf] x/]s e|i6rf/ /
kf}8n
] / OlGhlgo/ ;'bLk 8fFuL s;/L
sf7df8f}F pkTosf P;Lofsf] bf];f| ] of] zx/ cfh ljZjs} ctL k|bl' ift lhDd]jf/ 5 . :d/0f/xf]; sf7df08f} ;dfh / ;+;f/df of] dfgj ;dfh ;bf sdfpg ;lsG5 / sld;g xft sld;gsf] v] n df k| w fgdGqL
pj{/fzlQmn] ;+DkGg pkTosf xf] . h'g zx/x¿ dWo] Psdf ulgG5 . hxfFs F f] pkTosfsf] lb3{sfnLg ;+/If0fsf] ;bf n8\b} / le8\b} cfPsf 5g\ . cj nufpg ;lsG5 eg]/ bf}8w"kdf sfof{no;d]t ;+nUg /x]sf] 5 . olb
pkTosfsf] snf, ;:s[ltsf] j}ejtf, lji0f'dtL, jfudtL / dgx/f gbL tyf nflu Ps z;Qm u'? of]hgf agfpg tdfd dfgjhftL Pp6f o:tf] ljifodf plqPsf lyP . pgLx¿ b'j' h } gf cf– e|i6frf/sf] ljifodf cfk"mnfO{ sxL
pRr pj{/fe"dL / tTsflng rLgsf] vf]nfx¿sf klg d[To' ePsf 5g\ . To;f] k5{ . hxfFF gofFF 3/–ejgx¿ e'sD+ k n8\g h?/t 5, h'g ljifo xfdL ;j}sf] cfˆgf] Nofk6k af]sL ljleGg 6]G8/bftf st}af6 sf/jfxL yflnP k|wfgdGqL
ltAa]t / ef/tsf] Jofkfl/s s]Gb«sf] eP sf7df08f} pkTosf k|ltsf] ;xL k|lt/f]ws jgfpg kg],{ km/flsnf] ;femf 5, dxfg / b'/ufdL dxTjsf] uO{ uf]Kotf eË u/L nfvf}F ?k}ofF sfof{noaf6 g} /f]Sg] kxn x'g5] . To;}n]
¿kdf /x]sf]n] uf]vf{nL /fhf k[YjL b[i6Lsf]0f s] xf]nf < / of] dxfg ;8s, e"dLut /]n, cfsfz] ;8s 5 . Tof] xf] k|sl[ t kof{j/0f–wtL{–k[YjL– sld;g lnPsf] rrf{ Tolta]n} s]Gb|df o:tf lemgfdl;gf ;dfrf/n] cfk"mnfO{
gf/fo0fzfxn] of] pkTosfdf ljz]if cfFv F f pkTosfsf] ;+/If0f s;/L xf]nf < ;a} Joj:yLt t'Nofpg k5{ . of] hLljtu[x, a|Dxf08sf] of] ljzLi6 rn] s f] s] G b| s f Ps sd{ r f/L s' g } c;/ gkfg] { eGb} pgLx¿
nufof] / ;}Gojnjf6 sAhf u/]/} 5f]8o\ f] . ;j{ky| d, sf7df08f} pkTosf ;a} x] S sf/xf] ; , cfh /fhwfgL u[xsf] jrfj6, ;+/If0f, ;+jw{ g rL/sfn atfpF5g . pgsf] egfO 5– …xfdL sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ xKsfpFb}
ljt]sf] em08} b'O{ ;o jif{ ;Dd oxfFF s'/fx¿sf] s]Gb« jGg ;Sb}g . of] sf7df08f}n] b]ze} l/ unt zGb]; ;Ddsf] nflu . xfdL hxfFF 5f}, of] k[YjLsf] tNnf] txsf] sd{rf/L xfdLnfO{ t of] sd{rf/Laf6 g} oL sld;g e|i6frf/sf]
hg;+Vofsf] a[l4 ;fdfGo g} lyof] t/ /fhwfgL ePsf]n] /fhg}lts s]Gb« / lbO{/x]5 ls, pj{/fe"dLx¿df 3/ Ps c+u xf] . h'g c+usf] zL/ b]lv sfof{ n on] k| o f] u ug] { sltko ;dfrf/ ;Dk"0f{ ePsf] eGb} To;df
ljut $) jif{ otf oxfFF hg3gTjsf] k'/ftflTjs tyf P}ltxfl;s s'/fx¿ w]/} ejgx¿ cGwfw'Gb jgfp Û vf]nf k'5f/ ;Dd :jR5, :j:Yo / ;'Gb/ ;dfgx¿sf] gfd g} yfxf 5}g, pxfFx¿ sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ ;r]t /xg / eljiodf
rfk lg/Gt/ j9\g k'Uof] . @))& ;fn, ePsf] / cGt/fli6«o xjfO{ d}bfg, ;fy} gbLx¿df dnd"qsf] 9n ld;fp Û t'Nofpg' x/]s dfgjsf] st{Ao xf], o;df To; If]qsf] lj1 x'gx' G' 5 h] eGg'xG' 5 hflu/af6 ;d]t xft w'gk' g]{ x'g;S5
@)!& ;fn, @)#% #^ ;fn, cfjZos ef}lts k"jL{wf/x¿ jg]sf]n] w'nf]–9'jfn] zx/ jhf/ 9fs Û ;fy lbg] ;j}sf] ldq xf] t/ jfwflbg]x¿ ToxL kTofpg' k5{, k]ml/ pxfFx¿sf] kx'rF eGb} wDSofpg] u/]sf] atfOG5 . o;}
@)$% $^ sf] k|yd hg cfGbf]ng / ko{6gs]Gb« jGg ;S5 . :s'n, sn]h, sldzg / Jofhvf] / ljQLo ;j}sf] zq' xf] eflj k':tfsf] gh/df t dfly;Dd 5 lj/f]w u/] cfˆg} hflu/ l;nl;nfdf s]Gb|sf Ps sd{rf/L
@)^@ ^# sf] bf];f| ] hg–cfGbf]ng h:tf], c:ktfn / pBf]ux¿ cfjZos dfq ;:yfx¿sf] ;xof]u ;/n¿kn] bfgj xf] . lsgls of] k|st[ Ljf6 x/]s hfg ;S5 eGb} s]Gb|leq sld;g / cufl8 yK5g\ . xfdLn] t s]Gb|sf]
x/]s /fhg}lts kl/jt{g kZrft oxfFF oxfFF /fv]/ c? () eGbf cwLs ;j} k|fKt u/]/ uf8Ljfxg / df]6/ dfgjn] Ps lbgdf !^ nL6/ cS;Lhg, e|i6frf/ df}nfPsf] pgL :jLsfb}{ 5g\ . lxtdf af]ns ] f 5f},F ;/sf/sf] sfo{qmd
hg;+Vofsf] ltj|tf a9\of] / cfh ljs/fn jflx/L lhNnfx¿df k7fpg k5{ . ;fO{sn y'kf/ / ;8ssf] bfofFjF fofFF $)–%) ln6/ kfgL, vfBGg / O{Gwg, ptf s]Gb|leq ePsf] e|i6frf/sf] ;kmn xf];\ eg]sf 5f}F t/ clxn] klg
cj:yfdf cfO{ku' s ] f] 5 . xfd|f] cg'dfgdf /fHosf] g]tT[ j ug]x{ ¿sf] O{R5f zlQmeP k'/} 9fs Û kmf]x/n] zx/jhf/ sAhf sk8f, lstfa, sfkL, cf}iflw, kmgL{r/, ;dfrf/x¿ k|sflzt x'g yfn]kl5 pxL sld;g vf] / / e| i 6x¿s}
oxfFF em08} !)) ju{ ls=dL= e"dL 3/ un}rf / ufd]G{ 6 pBf]u tTsfn jflx/ u/ Û========================== ca 3/–cfjf;, oftfoftjfxg b]vL ;+Dk"0f{ e|i6frf/ gfOs] ljsn kf}8n ] / ;'bLk xflnd'xfnL 5 . s] o;/L ljleGg
ejgx¿n] 9flsPsf 5g\ , %) ju{ k7fpg ;lsG5 / c?nfO{{ qmdz . z;Qm cfGbf]ngaf6 of] l:Yfltsf] pkef]Uo j:t'x¿ k|fKt ul//x]5f}F . h'g 8fFuL eg] 56\k6fpg yfn]sf] ;|ft] sf] kqklqsf j]e;fO6x¿df o; s]Gb|sf]
ls=dL= kSsL / sRrL ;8sx¿n] cj o'jf ju{ ;r]t, ;+ul7t / cGt x'gk' 5{ . k|st[ L ljgf xfdL ! ldg]6 klg jfFRF g egfO 5 . ;|f]tsf cg';f/ clxn] clgoldttf / e|i6frf/sf] ljifodf
cf]u6]sf 5g\ , #) ju{ ls=dL= :s'n, ;+3if{l;n jg]/ p7g' k5{ . k|sl[ t ;+/If0f #= ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿ ;Sb}gf}F . of] dxfg / b'/ufdL k|sl[ t pgLx¿ cfˆgf] sld;g / e|i6frf/sf] k6s–k6s ;fj{hlgs eO;s]kl5
sn]h, c:ktfn, pBf]u / ;/sf/L cleofgdf hfu?s ag]/ ljs6 ufpFF 6«nLj;, b'Ot{ n] j;x¿ Jofks / jfx]s c? ;+Dk"0f{ s'/fx¿ ;fdfGo x'g\ . af/]df ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ hfgsf/L clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg'z;fg cfof]u,
sfof{nox¿n] el/Psf 5g\ . cj afsL j:tLsf hgtfnfO{{ klg Jo"Femfpg ;a{;n ' e t'Nofpg' k5{ . s]an % t;y{ u+DeL/ lg0ff{os ljifonfO{{ To;/L lbPsf] eGb} slxn] sfof{nosf tNnf] /fli6«o ;t{stf s]Gb| ;fj{hlgs
em08} #^ ju{ ls=dL= klg ltj| ultn] pgLx¿n] pRr ;fx; ug{ kg]5 { . ca xhf/ o:tf ;fwgx¿ oxfFF kof{Kt g} u+DeL/ agL ;f]rf}F / ;fdfGo ljifonfO{{ sd{rf/LnfO{ xKsfpg] ub{5g\ eg] slxn] n]vf;ldltnufotn] 5fglag cufl8
3/ ejgx¿n] 9fSg sf7df08f} dxfgu/ g]kfn / ljZjsf] s'g} klg d'ns ' / e"– x'g5 ] g\ . cfh em08} % nfv %) ;fdfGo¿kn] g} xn ub}{ hfcf}F Û t/ P8LaLsf 6]08/bftfx¿nfO{ kmf]g ub}{ a9fpg' kg] { xf] O g, vf] O t oL
kflnsf, nlntk' / / eQmk' / efudf x'g] qmflGt eg]sf] d"nt kof{j/0f xhf/ uf8Ljfxg / df] 6 / x/]s cj:yfdf ;RrfO{nfO{{ cfTdf;ft sfd /f]lslbg] eGb} wDSofpg] ub{5g\ . e|i6x¿nfO{ slxn] s;n] sf/jfxL ug]{
gu/kflnsfn] b}gLs ;of}F 7fpFs F f vfnL qmflGt g} xf] c? ;a} e|dx¿ x'g . ;fO{snx¿n] oxfFFsf] rf}tkmL{ u/f}F Û of] k|st[ L, wtL{, egf}F k[YjL csf]{ s]Gb|s} Ps sd{rf/Lsf cg';f/ clxn] b'v;] f] kf]Vb} clVtof/ ;fj{hlgs n]vf
v]tjf/Lx¿df 3/ejgx¿ lgdf{0f ug{ dfgj ;dfh / ;Eotfsf] Psdfq >f]t jftfj/0f ljgfz / c;'/IfLt 5}g . t;y{ o;nfO{{ :jR5, :j:Yo ljsn kf}8]n, ;'bLk 8fFuL, cg'k ;ldlt / /fli6«o ;t{stf s]Gb|kl| t
gS;fkf; ul//x]5g\ . xf8{jo] / k;n, k|sl[ tsf] rf}tkmL{ ;+/If0f / ;+Djw{g ug]{ t'NofO{/x]5 . hGdg] ljQLs} em08} t'NofpFbF } cufdL xhf/f}F / nfvf} k':tfkl5 af:sf]6f e|i6frf/sf ;dfrf/ k|sflzt klg pgL cfqmf]z kf]Vb5g\ .
l;d]G6 k;n / jfn'jf, lul6x¿ af]Sg] bz{g, ;flxTo, snf / /fhgLlt , !& xhf/ C0f jf]Sg'kg]{ x/]s ;Ddsf ;GttLsf nflu klg jrfP/
l6Kk/x¿ al9/x]s} 5g\ . cgL b]zel/sf cy{gLltnfO{{ k|fydLstf lbP/ hfgk5{ . g]kfnLx¿sf] g]tT[ j ug]{ ;/sf/sf] /fvf},F :j:Yo wtL{ x:tfGt/0f u/f} Û
wgf9\o Aofkfl/, sd{rfl/, 7]sbf/, g]tf sf7df08f}sf] xsdf o; pkTosfsf] ;jf]R{ r g]tT[ j -k|wfgdGqL, /fi6«ktL_ hf]sf]xL dfgj cfh hxfFF hxfF 5,
tyf ;DkGg ;a}nfO{{ oxfFF 3/ 38]/Lx¿ ;+/If0f / ;+Djw{g ug{ lgDg s'/fx¿ x¿n] klg ;fdfGo cj:yfdf pgLx¿n] ToxL, ToxL jf6 of] k|sl[ tsf]
rflxPsf] 5 . Jojxf/t k|bz{g ub}{ hfg k5{ – ;fj{hlgs uf8L k|of]u ug{ k5{ . egf}F of] wtL{sf] ;+/If0fdf efulng
o;f] x'gfsf] d"nsf/0f sf7df8f}F w]/} != dfgj dnd'qnfO{{ afof]Uof;df s/f]8, s/f]8 kg]{ uf8Ljfxgx¿ x}g . ;S5g\ . lxdfnL e]sdf ToxfFFsf]
s'/fx¿sf s]Gb« jGof] . /fhg}lts s]Gb«, kl/0ft ug]{ KnfG6x¿ lgdf{0f k' n rf} s sf] dGqLSjf6/ jf6 jghu+nsf] ;+/If0f, hLjhGt' /
cf}Bf]lus s]Gb«, z}IfLs s]Gb«, :jf:Yos]Gb«, ug{k5{ . :s'n, sn]h, c:ktfn, l;+xb/jf/ ;Dd dGqL / pgsf uf8{ k+IfLx¿sf] ;+/If0f, u/]/ of]ubfg k'¥ofpg
ko{6g s]Gb«, PghLcf] , cfO{ Pg kfs{ h:tf ;fj{hlgs :ynx¿sf / lkPx¿ hfg cfpg 7"nf 7"nf ;S5g eg], zx/jhf/df j:g]x¿n]
hLcf]x¿sf s]Gb« O{Toflb . x/]s kfOvfgfx¿df of] t'?Gt jGg j;x¿ k|of]u ug' k5{ . dGqL / Jojl:yt zx/Ls/0f, k|bi' f0fsf] lgoGq0f,
dflg;x¿sf] cTofjZos s'/fx¿ ;+u ;S5 . o;sf] nflu ;DjlGwt ;ef;bx¿nfO{{ of] ul/j /fi6«n] cleofgdf efulnP/ . t/fO{ dw]z /
;+DjlGwt / k|r/' /f]huf/sf ;+Defjgx¿ lgsfonfO{{ ;'emfj / bjfjsf] vfFr F f] ;fO{sn ;Dd lbg ;S5 . /fHo kxf8sf vf]nfgbLdf ljif, jd / s/]G6«n]
x'gfn] b]zel/ / jflx/ jf6 klg kg]5 { . cf}Bf]lus s]Gb«af6 lg:sg] rnfpg]x¿, cfk"m gd'gfjg / df5f dfg]{ b'i6 lzsf/Lx¿nfO{{ /f]Sg'k5{,
dflg;x¿sf oxfFF cf]O/f] nfu]/ cfh k|bi' fLt /;fogx¿ t'?Gt /f]s/] b'lgofnfO{{ of] kf7 l;sfp Û u'nn ] Ln] r/fr'?ËL dfg]{ / jGb'sn]
oxfFF :jR5 xfjf, kfgLsf ;d]t cefj …pkrf/ KnfG6Ú lgdf{0f u/]/ dfq $= sf7df08f} pkTosfsf] k|bi' f0fdf xl/0fd[ u , 3f] / n, emf/n dfg] {
eO/x]5 . htftt} uf8Ljfxgsf] 3'Or { f] pQm pBf]ux¿ rNg lbg'k5{ . clg rf}tkmL{ k|efj kfg]{ oxfFs F f] b}lgs lzsf/Lx¿nfO{{ lgoGq0fdf lnP/ s8f
/ To;n] lgsfNg] w'nf], 9'jf / ljiffn' gbL, vf]nf lsgf/fdf s'g} klg em08} #%) 6g kmf]x/ Ps ljs/fn sf/jf{xL rnfpg k5{ . 9f]/ kf6gsf]
UofF;
F n] cfd hgtf oxfFF cfqmfGt 5g\ . k|b'lift, kmf]x/s'/fx¿ kmfNg ;d:of 5 . h'g kmf]x/x¿jf6 7"nf] lzsf/ cf/If0f If]q jGb ug{ k5{ . jg
csf]l{ t/ d'ns ' sf] jflx/L lhNnfx¿df /f]Sg'k5{ . tj dfq oxfFs F f] d[t dfqfdf O{Gwg, Uof;, dn / df]x/ h+un ljgfz ug{} / To;df ;xof]u ug{]
;fdfGo :jf:Yo, lzIff / /f]huf/sf] gbL vf]nfx¿n] k'gh { Ljg kfpg jGg ;S5 . t/ xfd|f /fhg]tfx¿ hf] sf]xLnfO{{ s73/fdf pEofP/
cefjn] hgtf cfs'n Jofs'n 5g\ . ;S5 cGoyf xhf/ / nfv x't/fh / ;DjlGwt lgsfosf 7'nfx¿ hgsf/jfxL cleofg rfNg' k5{ . b'ne{
@))& ;fn otf clwsfz+ j}Bx¿ hGd] klg oxfFF So} x'bg}F . gLlxt :jfy{ s f] nflu ltg} hGt' u}8+ f, af3sf] ;+/If0f ug{' k5{, ;k{
zf;sx¿ / To;sf] g]tT[ j ug]x{ ¿ cfd @= kl/jf/ ePsf s'g} klg dflg;nfO{{ kmf]x/x¿nfO{{ /fhg}lts/0f ub}{ xfd|f] k/d dLq xf] eg]/ hfGg' k5{ .
¿kn] pkTosf jflx/ / ufpFxF ¿jf6} 3/ ejg eg]sf] Pp6f dfq x'gk5{, ;Gt'li6 lnb}F cfO{/x]5g\ . ca of] d'ns ' df lu4 ;+/If0f cleofg /fd|f]
cfPsf x'g . dft[sf, lj=kL=, ;"o{ jxfb'/, ufpFF jf zx/ hxfFeF P klg . cgL cj:yfsf] cGt x'gk5{ / OR5's eO/x]5 . ;fd'bflos jg Jofks /
nf]sG] b« jxfb'/ rGb, lu/Lhf, dgdf]xg, jxfndf lbg] cfjfz sf]7f tyf :jb]zL, ljb]zL hf] sf]xLnfO{{ kmf]x/ lj:t[t t'Nofpg h?/t 5 clg k|fs[lts
z]/jxfb'/, -t'N;Llu/L_, dfwj s'df/, ˆNof6x¿ / k;nsf ;6/x¿ Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf nufpg k5{ . agh+un leq s'g} klg v]tLkftL ug{
emngfyx¿ ;j} ufpFxF ¿jf6 g} cfPsf /fHon] l;w} 3/3gLx¿;+u lnP/ lgzt{, xfdL :jo+ klg To;sf] lhDdf /f]Sg' k5{ . dxfdftf of] wtL{sf] ;'/Iff
x'g\ . t/ lo dWo] s;}n] klg sf7df08f} /fHon] g} prLt d" N odf lng tof/ 5f}F . ug{ n]v/] , af]n/] , ufP/, n8]/, le8]/,
pkTosfsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ ;xL b[i6Lsf]0f ;Dem}t] fu/]/ pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{{ lbg] %= O{TofbL . lxF8/] , d'¶Lbfg lbP/ kª\QmLa4 sbd
/ gLltx¿ Nofpg ;s]gg\, g t pgLx¿n] gLlt lng k5{ . tj /fh:j klg lgxLt / gLlh :jfy{sf] nflu cfˆgf] rfNg ;a}nfO{{ xfd|f] xflb{s cfJxfg 5 .
aflx/L lhNnfx¿sf] ;jfË{Lg ljsf;df /fd|/L p7\5 . oxfFF cl;ldt 3/ If]q, hflt, efiffsf] nflu clg ?9La'9L, -g]kfn kof{j/0f ;+/If0f tyf ;Dj4{g ;+3,
;lx dfu{ bz{g ug{ ;s] . kl/0ffd of] ejgx¿ j9\gs ' f] Ps d"nsf/0f cGwljZjf;L wd{ bz{g, ;+:sf/ / sf7df8f}+ pkTosf tby{ ;ldlt_

cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLsf] j}jflxs hLjg vt/fdf


s[ i 0ffs' d f/L uf} t d Pl;ofsf b] z x¿af6 cfP/ em08} &) xhf/ j}jflxs ;DaGwdf hfg yfn]sf 5g\ .
cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnLx¿sf] cd] l /sfdf a:g] x ¿df a9] s f] /x]sf 5g\ eg] @% k|ltztsf] cyf{t 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{{ w]/} ;DklQ hf]l8lbg]
;Gbe{df pgLx¿sf] j}jflxs hLjg l8ef];{sf] qmd g]kfnLx¿sf nflu em08} %) xhf/sf] t l8ef];e { O;s]sf] w'gdf 5f]/f5f]/Ls} eljZo stf hfg]
vt/fdf kg]{ ;d:of Pp6f uDeL/ b'vb va/ xf] . lsgeg] ef/t, 5 . em08} @) k|ltzt cyf{t $) xf] 7]ufg gx'g] cj:yf ;d]t cfPsf]
;d:of aGb} uPsf] 5 . s} o g a+ufnfb]z, kfls:tfgaf6 cd]l/sfdf xhf/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf cljjflxtx¿ 5 . 8n/sf] kl5 bf}8bf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{{
g]kfnLx¿sf nflu ;fFRrL Pp6f b'vb cfP/ a:g]x¿;+u} g]kfnLx¿df klg /x]sf 5g\ . Tof] afx]s em08} @) c;n ;Eotf / l;sfpg] ljifo
syf aGb} hfg yfn]sf] 5 , j}jflxs of] qmd a9]sf] 5 . k|ltzt cyf{t $) xhf/hlt g]kfnL cf]em]ndf kb}{ uPsf] 5 . 8n/s}kl5
hLjg . dlxnf / k'?ifsf nflu ;dfg dflg;sf OR5f , cfsf+ I ff, afnaflnsfx¿ klg 5g\ . of] tYof+s nfUbf 5f]/f5f]/Lk|ltsf] pQ/bfloTj t
clwsf/ sfod x' g ' k g{ ] cfjfh dxTjfsf+Iffsf sf/0f p;n] s}og x]bf{ klg l8ef];{ ug{ g]kfnLx¿sf] s}og afa'cfdfn] la;{b} uPsf 5g\
pl7/xFbf ;g\ !(%) b]lv cd]l/sfdf cj:yfdf unt / ;xLaLrsf] leGgtf ;+Vof lgs} 8/nfUbf] dfGg ;lsG5 . eg] nf]Ug] :jf:gLsf] ;DaGw hf]ufpg
dlxnfnfO{{ klg k'?if ;/x clwsf/ 5' § ofpg ;Sb} g . ha Ps c;dembf/L, emu8f, cljZjf; Psn] csf{sf] pQ/bfloTj lng] s'/f
lbg]u/L kl/jt{g cfPsf] lyof] . csf{aLrsf] ljZjf; wldlnb} hfG5, / a} d Go:otfsf sf/0f nf] U g] t clns k/sf] ljifo aGb} uPsf]
cd] l /sfdf gf/L / k' ? ifaLrsf] ta nf]Ug] :jf:gLaLrsf] ;DaGwdf :jf:gLaLr l8ef] ; { s f] cj:yf 5 . To;}n] klg ;DaGwljR5]bsf] qmd
clwsf/df vf;} km/s 5}g . ;dfg klg b/f/ k}bf x'Fb} hfG5 . g]kfnsf] cfpFbf To;af6 pgLx¿sf a9b} uPsf] xf] . ;fFRrL eGg] xf] eg]
clwsf/sf ;fy g} pgLx¿ cufl8 ;f+u'/f] ;dfhaf6 cd]l/sfsf] v'Nnf afnaflnsfx¿df klg g/fd|f] c;/ a}+ssf] vftfaf6 ;'? ePsf] emu8f
a9] s f 5g\ . t/ kfl/jfl/s ;dfhdf cfOk'Ubf of] b/f/n] df}nfpg] kl//x]sf] 5 . o;y{ 8n/sf] dfq kl5 Pp6f sfuhsf] 6'qmfdf uP/ cGTo
c;Gt'i6L eg] g]kfnsf] t'ngfdf df}sf kfpg] u/]sf] 5 . Pp6f tYof+s nfUnf lhGbuL g} vQd x'g] cj:yf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o;k|lt g]kfnLx¿
s} o g u' 0 ff a9L b] l vG5 . ToxL cg';f/ cd]l/sfdf em08} @ nfvsf] ;d]t cfPsf] 5 . 8n/sf] kl5 nfUbf ;hu x'g] xf] ls < cd]l/sfdf a:g]
c;Gt'i6Lsf sf/0f l8ef];{sf] qmd xf/fxf/Ldf g]kfnLx¿ a:b} cfPsf s}og afa'cfdfn] t cfkm}n] hGdfPsf] uf}td lnl6n lkk'n ckm g]kfnsL
lgs} a9bf] 5 cd]l/sfdf . cem 5g\ . h;dWo] #% k|ltztdfq cyf{t 5f]/f5f]/Lk|ltsf] pQ/bfloTj klg lj;{b} ;fdflhs sfo{stf{ x'g .
7 /fatOfc t]u @@ gu
' fmk nf; &^)@
ˆ cGTo]li6===
nf]8;]l8ªn]===
kfOFb}gÚ, pxfFn] eGg'eof]– …clxn] t
kf]ns] f] ds}sf] laqmL klg 36]sf] 5 .Ú
;+o'St c/a Old/]6\; -o'PO_ sf] s'g}
cf>ddf nluPsf] lyof] . g] t f
e§/fO{sf] kfly{j z/L/df clGtd
>4f~hlnsf nflu lqk'/]Zj/l:yt
k|wfgdGqLsf] st{Jo / bfloTj
gj/fh v8\ s f a9L c;'N5g\ . To:t} cf}ifwf]krf/sf] u/]kl5 zflGt / gofF ;+ljwfgsf nflu bnfnx¿aLrsf] 6s/fjn] jt{dfg
sDkgLdf sfo{/t cfˆgf >Ldfg\n] bz/y /Ëzfnfdf /fvL cfh laxfg tf]lsPsf] ;dodf gofF ;+ljwfg nflu eGb} ;fwf/0f cf}ifwf]krf/ w]/} xb;Dd nlrnf] ePsf] k|df0fx¿ ;/sf/n] k"0f{tf kfpg g;Sg' cToGt}
af/Daf/ …df]afOn l:jr ckm lsg * ah]b]lv !@ ah];Dd /flvg] 5 . hf/L eO{ zflGt k|lqmof k"/f x'g g;Sbf u/fpg;d] t ljb] z sf /fHosf] b]lvPsf 5g\ . cgldgsf] jlxu{g kl5 b'Mvsf] s'/f xf] . oltv]/ Pdfn] leqsf
/fv]sf]Ú egL ufnL u/]sf] 36gf !@ ah]kl5 zj ¥ofnL;lxt kz'klt ;of} F jL/ ;lxbx¿sf] /utsf] 9' s ' 6 Laf6 g} ljb] z sf dxF u f cfˆgf n8fs'x¿nfO{{ ljz]if ;ldlt Gofok|d] L / kl/jt{sf/L g]tfx¿n] of]
;DemFb} sf]6]Zj/sL ;'idf clwsf/Ln] cfo{3f6df k'u]/ e§/fO{ cGTo]li6 cjd" N og x' g ' s f] ;fy} zflGt, c:ktfnx¿df pkrf/ u/fpF5g\ . oL dftxt a'emfpg' / ;f]x|f}F k6s;Dd s'/f ljZn]if0f ug{ h?/L 5 ls ToxL
eGg'eof]– …lbpF;f] df]afOn l:jr ckm ul/g] sfFu|];n] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . cu|udg, ljsf; / kl/jt{gsf] k|tLIff o:tf s'/fx¿ t pbfx/0f dfq x'g ;+;b\df k|wfgdGqL rog x'g g;s]sf] Pdfn]sf] ;/sf/ @)%! ;fndf gf}
x'G5, /flt klg s'g} a]nf aQL x'Fb}g, g]kfnL /fhgLltsf lzv/ k'?if Pj+ ul//x]sf nfvf}F g]kfnLx¿sf] dg ljleGg zLif{ / jxfgfdf kmh'n lan nfhdbf]{ cj:yfdf cfˆgf] kf6L{sf] dlxgf dfq cNkdtsf] ;/sf/ rnfpg
nf]8;]l8ªn] ubf{ xfd|f] ;DaGwlaR5]b ;Gt g]tfsf ¿kdf kl/lrt d'ns ' df cfuf]sf] /fkdf vf/fgL eO{ pl8/x]sf] k]; u/]/ /fHosf]ifaf6 /sd a'‰g] pDd]jf/L;d]t lkmtf{ lnP/ ;qf}F kfpFbf w]/} hgtfsf] d'vaf6 /fd
x'g nflu;Sof] .Ú nf]8;]l8ªaf6 k"/} k|hftGq axfnLsf] nflu cgj/t dfq 5} g , k| l tlqmTds ¿kdf dGqLx¿sf] 7"nf] tfFtL g} b]lvG5 eg] k6ssf] k|wfgdGqL lgjf{rgdf g]skf /fHosf] pkflw kfPsf] lyof] eg] ToxL
If] q ;Ggf6fdo ag] s f] xfnsf] ;+ 3 if{ s f] kof{ o ls;' g hL cyf{ t \ pQ]hgfTds emfk8 agL ;f+s]lts !% jif{cl3b]lv /fHoaf6 k]:sL /sd Pdfn] s f] cWoIf tyf jt{ d fg Pdfn]s} ;/sf/ lgjt{dfg k|wfgdGqL
kl/l:yltdf df]afOnstf{nfO{{ ;d]t s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{n] cfˆgf] k"/} hLjg lj/f]w ug{ klg ;'? eO;s]sf] 5 . lnP/ km5\of}6{ gug]{ k"jk{ w| fgdGqLb]lv k| w fgdGqL emngfy vgfnnfO{ { dfwj g] k fnsf] k| w fgdGqLTjdf
nf]8;]l8ª 6fpsf] b'vfOsf] ljifo aGg' /fhgLlts cf/f]x–cj/f]xdf latfP o;sf] ;'?jftstf{ ;'g;/L lhNnf xfnsf ;ef;b\x¿ / dGqLx¿;d]t lgjf{ l rt u/fpgnfO{ { zflGt / cfOk'Ubf g]kfns} Oltxf;df ;a}eGbf
c:jfefljs xf]Og . cWoogsf qmddf pgn] cfˆgf] hLjgdf 3ft, e/f}n uflj; ! sf b]jLk|;fb /]UdL pNn]Vo ;+Vofdf b]lvG5g\ . ;a} g]tf ;+ljwfgk|ltsf] of]ubfgsf] ¿kdf a'‰g e|:6, sn+lst, gfnfos / /fj0f
xfn ;fdfv';L a:b} cfPsf ljgf]b k| l t3ftx¿ v] k ] t/, slxNo} x'g\ . ;/;/tL d"NofÍg ubf{ jt{dfg tyf dGqL ;ef;b\x¿ oL / o:tf ;lsG5 eg] g]kfnsf] Oltxf;d} /fHodf lsg kl/0ft eof] <
df:s] eg] ;w}F b'Oj{ 6f df]afOn ;fydf k|hftGqk|ltsf] lgi7fdf cfFr cfpg k|wfgdGqL tyf g]skf Pdfn]sf k|jl[ Q / cfr/0fsf geP klg pgLx¿ ;a}eGbf nfdf] /fhgLlts uTofj/f]wsf] zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] s'jf{gL
lnP/ lxF8g\ ] ug{x' G' 5 . df:s] j}slNks lbPgg\ . 5 b;s nfdf] /fhgLltdf cWoIf emngfy vgfnsf] ufnfdf ;a} df}g /xg' / lj/f]wsf s'g} :j/ ufF7f] km'sfpg] kxnsb\dLsf] ¿kdf lng ul//x]sf ;f/f g]kfnLx¿nfO{{ jt{dfg
¿kdf k|of]udf Nofpg ;lsg] x'Fbf ;lqmo /x]sf e§/fO{nfO{ sfFu; ]| sf g]tf a|lhPsf] of] emfk8 pQfpnf] / c;Eo g;'lgg'n] dfgf}F oL /fhg}lts g]tf ;lsG5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;/sf/ u7gn] s]xL cfzf knfPsf]
c?nfO{{ klg NofP;Dd ;w}F b'Oj{ 6f tyf sfo{stf{n] af]nfpg] Kof/f] gfd kf/fsf] b]lvP klg g]kfnsf w]/} dxf]box¿ cfˆgf] JolStut :jfy{ / kl/0ffdn] /fhgLlts bnx¿ ldn]/ eP klg of] cfzfnfO{{ lg/fzf gkf/L
df]afOn af]Sg ;'emfj lbg'x'G5 . xf]– ls;'ghL . …/fhgLlts bz{gn] /fhgLlts g]tfx¿sf] dgkl/tGq, b]z nfesf] nflu cfk;L ldn]dtf] / cl3 a9\gs ' f] ljsNk g/x]sf] cj:yfdf e/f];fdf kl/0ft u/fpg g]skf
;dfh;]jL %% jifL{o /fdhLk|;fb dfq} b]z ljsf; / cfwf/e"t dfgj / hgtfk| l tsf] u} / lhDd] j f/Lkg, sfg] v ' z Ldf g} /dfpg' s f] ;fy} g]skf Pdfn]sf] bf]wf/]kg, wf]sa] fh / Pdfn]leqsf b]zeSt / nf]stGqk|d ] L
bfxfnn] eGg'eof]– …df]afOn / rfh{/ clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt ;Dej 5}g, ;QflnK;f, n'5fr'8F L, cfˆg} df]hd:tL /fhgLltnfO{{ e/kbf]{ cfDbfgLsf] ;|ft] cfk;L snxsf] sf/0fn] g]kfnsf] zflGt zlStx¿ ef/tLo bnfnx¿sf] lj?4
;fyd} lnP/ lxF8\g] / hxfF cg's"n To;sf nflu Tofu, tk:of, ;dk{0f / :jfy{df /fHosf] 9's6' Lsf] b'¿kof]u agfPsf] cg'dfg ubf{ cGofo x'g] 5}g k|lqmof / gofF ;+ljwfg n]vgnfO{{ clxn] Psl9Ssf eO{ kf6L{ leqsf]
ldNof] ToxLF rfh{ ugf{n] d]/f] df]afOn / k|lta4tf Tolts} cfjZos x'G5Ú x]bf{ nfU5 c? y'k|} b]jLk|;fbx¿ lsgeg] pgLx¿n] lnPsf / lng] ;]jf 3]/faGbLdf kfl//x]sf] s'/f ;a};fd' s'tTjx¿nfO{{ k/f:t ub}{ PsLs[t
nfdf] ;do;Dd l:jr ckm x'Fb}g .Ú eGg] ls;'ghL, Tofu / ;kd{0fnfO{ ufnfdf emfk8 ag]/ xf]Og af?bsf] ;'ljwfx¿ lgwf{/0f ubf{ slxNo} klg 5n{Ë 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjdf g]skf dfcf]jfbL;Fu ePsf] ;ft a'Fb]
df]afOn l:jr ckm x'gfn] sltsf] Jojxf/df g} ptfg]{ g]kfnL /fhgLlts cfTd3ftL ad ag]/ b]z / hgtfsf] g]kfnL >dhLjL ;j{xf/f hgtfsf] ldlnh'nL ;/sf/ /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;xdltnfO{{ b[9tfsf ;fy sfof{Gjog
hflu/ 5' 6 \ g ;S5, sltsf] kmf"6df lj/n} /x]sf lgisn+s /fhg]tf dGq hk ub}{ b]z n'6g\ ] oL n'6/] fx¿sf] :t/ / cj:yfsf] x]Ssf /fv]gg\, s'g} tTsfnLg k|wfg;]gfklt ?SdfËt ub}{ cufl8 a9\g'df g} g]kfn /
gftfuf]tf;Fu e]63f6 5'6\g ;S5, x'g . tTsflng k~rfotL zf;gn] dfem k8\lsg l9nf eO/x]sf] xf] ls klg /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿n] s6jfnnfO{{ cjsfz ug{ Pdfn]sf g]kfnLsf] sNof0f x'g] b]lvG5 eg] s'g}
sltsf] ldl6ª 5'6\g ;S5, sltsf] pgnfO{ lg/Gt/ bz jif{ h]n ;hfo eGg] nfUg' c:jefljs gxf]nf . g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] o:tf] bogLo cWoIf emngfy vgfnn] ;f+sl] ts a]nf kqsf/x¿n] u/]sf] k|Zgsf]
dxTjk"0f{ va/ 5'6g\ ;S5, egL ;fWo} lbOof] . h]naf6 lg:sg w]/} g]tfx¿n] e" l dut /fhgLltsf] a] n f ltg} cj:yfdf xfdLn] /fHoaf6 oltw]/} ;]jf ;xdlt u/]/ klg kl5 ;xof]u gu/L pQ/df jt{dfg k|wfgdGqL tyf g]skf
5}g . ahf/df OGe6{/ tyf 5'§} tTsflng zf;s;Fu sfuh u/fP . g]tfx¿nfO{{ l;:gf] vf]n] vfg lbg] / / ;'ljwfx¿ lng' c:jefljs / cGofo dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ PSnfpg] sfd gu/]sf] Pdfn]sf cWoIf emngfy vgfnn]
df]afOnsf] Aof6«L rfh{ ug{ ldNg] rfh{ t/ e§/fO{ sfuh u/fpg gdfGbf ;'sn ' cf]5o\ fpg lbg] tL nfvf}F ul/j x'g5 ] eGg] s'/f Pp6f zAbdf klg eP xfn;Dd ;f]xL ;/sf/n] g} b'lgofFsf] sf]xL dfOsnfnn] g]skf
lsGg kfOG5 . ;a};uF OGe6{/ / Aof6«L yk b'O{ jif{sf] h]n tf]lsof] . k|hftGq b'MvLx¿sf] cj:yf cfh lxhf]sf] eGbf ;'Gg kfOPg . /fhgLlts bn / lg/Gt/tf kfO{ hf/L zflGtk|lqmof / Pdfn] leq emngfy vgfn
rfh{ lsGg] Ifdtf gx'Fbf / nfdf] :yfkgf / k'g:yf{kgfsf] cjlwdf ;3if{ klg gfh's / bogLo alg/x]sf] 5, g]tfx¿sf] o:tf] cfr/0f / Jojxf/ gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f Pp6f lgisif{df cNkdtdf ePsf] k' l :6 ul/lbP
;do;Ddsf] nf]8;]l8ªsf sf/0f ubf{ e§/fO{n] cfˆgf] hLjgdf !$ Hj/f] cfpFbf l;6fdf]n vfg / emf8f b]Vbf nfU5 sfg'gL /fHo / zf]if0f/lxt k'Ug ;Sg] lyof] / clxn]sf] cj:yf clxNo} Pdfn] s f] cWoIf kbaf6
clwsf+z df]afOnstf{ df]afOn l:jr jif{eGbf a9L h]n hLjg latfPsf kvnf nfUbf hLjghn kfpg] cj:yf ;dfh lgdf{0f ug{] s'/f Pp6f vf]qmf] cfpg] ;Defjgf sd x'g] lyof] . of] /fhLgfdf lbG5' eg]sf] s'/f jt{dfg
ckm /fVg afWo 5g\ . 5g\ . e§/fO{ /fhgLltsf] k|/] 0ffsf] ;|ft] klg b'j{n 5 . Ps 5fs df5f–df;' gf/f dfq xf] lsgls sfg'gL /fHo jif{ ;+;b\df k|wfgdGqLsf] lgjf{rg x'bF } cj:yfdf k'l:6 ug{ ckl/xfo{ 5 .
s;}nfO{ dfGy]gg . s;}n] /fhgLlts vfg / /fd|f] sk8f nufpg t k/} :yfkgf eO{ b08xLgtfsf] cGTo eof] Pdfn]n] ;xdLto ;/sf/sf] ehg dfq cem egf}F dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|rG8n]
;jf/Ldf=== k|/] 0ff sf] lyof] eg]/ ;f]Wof] eg] e§/fO{ hfcf];\, dxFuLn] k]6df rf/f] wfGg eg] Tof] sfg'gn] pgLx¿nfO{{ klg afFWg] ufpg] t/ ;xdltsf] nflu s'g} klg cfˆgf] kf6L{leqsf] cfGtl/s ljjfb
cfˆgf] r]tgf / ;Dks{n] o; If]qdf ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . xTof, lx+;f, n'6kf6 5 5f]8\g] 5}g, To;}n] pgLx¿ zflGt of]hgf / sfo{tflnsf cufl8 g;fg]{ g / cj/f]wsf afjh'b klg b]zsf]
sf/jfxL;d]t ug{] ePsf] 5 .Ú kfFr / czflGt lbgk|ltlbg al9/x]s} 5 / gofF ;+ljwfgsf] jxfgfdf x/]s dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ ;dy{g ug]{ g sfFu; ]| nfO{,{ ;d:ofsf] lgsfzsf nflu h'g ;fx;,
xhf/eGbf a9L ;fwgx¿df n]lvPsf nfu]sf] atfp"y] . t/, pgL s]xL
dxfTdf ufGwL, s]xL g]kf]lnog, s]xL t/ ltg} g]tf dxf]box¿ h;n] log} k|sf/sf] ;xdlt / ;Demf}tf ub}{5g\ g t dfcf]jfbLn] Pdfn]nfO{{ lnlvt c7f]6 / lg0f{o u/] To:t} ;fx; c7f]6
;fo/Lx¿ x6fO;lsPsf] k|jStf >]i7n] zf]lift, kLl8tx¿sf] d'lStsf nflu / To;nfO{{ cfˆgf] ;jfy{cg's"n x'g] ;dy{g lbFbf b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtsf] nflu / lg0f{o u/L cl3 a9\g' g} jt{dfg
atfpg'eof]– …x6fpg afFsL ePsf aLkL / s]xL u0f]zdfgsf ljrf/ dg
kg]{ atfpFy] . k|v/ af}l4stf / efif0f lbP / a]nfavt ;Qfsf] s';L{df u/L JofVof, ljZn]if0f / pNn+3g ub}{ kxn gu/L pN6} cfˆgf] pDd]jf/L lkmtf{ k|wfgdGqL tyf Pdfn]sf cWoIf
;fwgsf nflu 6«flkms k|x/Ln] lg/Gt/ cf;g hdfP / hdfO/x]sf 5g\ . cfO/x]sf 5g\ . of] jt{dfg /fhgLlts lng] / ;+;b\df k|wfgdGqLsf] lgjf{rg emngfy vgfnsf] st{Jo / bfloTj
¿kdf ;r] t gf ul//x] s f] 5 .Ú s"6gLlts Ifdtf Pj+ ;'ema'em ePsf
ls;'ghL To;a]nfsf] ;+;bLo zf;g pgLx¿ cfh /fHosf] 9's6' Laf6 vr{ kl/b[Zodf w]/} ;xldt / ;Demf}tf x'bF f ;f]xf| F} k6s;Dd & dlxgdfsf] ePsf] 5, h'g st{Jo / bfloTj lgjf{x
cleofgcGtu{t dxfzfvfn] ;fj{hlgs u/]/ %) nfvb]lv s/f]8eGbf dfly PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL, g]kfnL cjlwe/ t6:y al;lbgfn] g]kfnsf] u/L cl3 a9L hf/L zflGtk|lqmof /
;jf/L ;fwgdf dlxnf / ckfËsf nflu Joj:yfdf s'zn g]tT[ j lbPsf lyP .
:yfkgfsfnb]lvg} aLkL, ;'j0f{zdz]/ d"No kg]{ kh]/f], k|f8f]df ;jf/ x'G5g\, sfFu; ]| / g]skf Pdfn]sf] aLrdf eof] hf/L zflGt k|lqmof / gofF ;+ljwfg gofF ;+ljwfg n]vgsf] cw'/f] sfo{nfO{{
5'6o\ fPsf] cf/If0f l;6 sfof{Gjog x]lnsf]K6/af6 b]zsf] ljleGg 7fpFsf] / x'g] u/]sf] 5 . tL ;xdlt / n]vgdf ct'ngLo Iflt k'lu/x]sf] s'/f k"/f ug{;Sg] / g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df
gug{n ] fO{{ klg sf/afxL ug{] ePsf] 5 . / u0f]zdfg l;+x tLg}hgf g]tfx¿;Fu
;dfg ¿kn] sfd u/]sf e§/fO{ cgfjZos e|d0f u5{g\ / /fi6«nfO{{ ;Demf}tfx¿ sfof{Gjog ug{] ;DaGwdf lbgsf] 3fd hlQs} 5n{Ë 5 eg] cj /fhg]tf ;fljt x'g ;Sg] / kl5 x6]
dlxnf / ckfËnfO{{ cf/If0f l;6 cem a9L C0fsf] ef/L af]sfpF5g\ . g]kfnL sfFu|];af6 w]/yf]/ a]OdfgL afFsL /x]sf] tLg dlxgfdf klg gofF g]skf Pdfn] ;w}F ;j{xf/L g]kfnL
5'6o\ fPsf] eP klg sfof{Gjog x'g clx+;fTds cfGbf]ngaf6 k|hftGq
:yfkgf ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] b[9 c7f]6 dGqLsf] kbdf /xFbf dfq xf]Og dGqL gePsf] xf]Og t/ t'ngfTds ¿kdf ;+ljwfg hf/L ug{ ;Defjgf cToGt hgtfsf] cfFvfsf] sl;Ë/ / zflGt
g;Sbf dlxnf / ckfËn] ;fj{hlgs kb uO;s]kl5 klg /fHosf] 9's6' Laf6 g]skf Pdfn] ;a}eGbf a9L wf]sa] fh, IfL0f ag]/ uPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] r/0fdf / gofF ;+ljwfg n]vg k|lqmofsf] d'Vo
;jf/L ;fwgdf ofqf ubf{ b'Mv, si6 / ;+sNk af]s]sf lyP . kf6L{sf]
cfGtl/s snx a9\b} uP/ @)%* lslgPsf tL kh]/f], k|f8f]x¿ afpsf] a]OdfgL / ;QflnK;fsf] ¿kdf b]vf dfcf]jfbL / Pdfn]sf] g]tT[ j aLr b]zsf] afws eO/xg] s'/f 7f]sj' f ug{ ;lsG5
ef]Ug' k/sf]n] ;f] cleofg ;'? u/sf] ljtf{ ;Dem]/ cfk"m;Fu} 3/ n}hfg] kl//xg'n] g]kfnsf] zflGt k|lqmof / uTofj/f]w cGTo ug{ ;ft a'bF ] ;xdlt eg] zflGtk|d ] L g]kfnL hgtfn] zflGt
k|jStf >]i7sf] egfO 5 . ;fj{hlgs df z]/jxfb'/ b]pjf k|wfgdGqL ePs}
a]nf pgs} g]tT[ jdf kf6L{ ljeflht Joj:yf ldnfPsf 5g\ . Tolt dfq gofF ;+ l jwfg lgdf{ 0 f cGof} n df eO{ To;}sf] hudf jt{dfg ;/sf/ / gofF ;+ljwfgsf] nflu km]l/ Pp6f
;jf/L ;fwgdf dlxnf / ckfËsf nflu xf]Og /fHos} 9's'6L ;Tofgfz u/L kl//x]sf] tYo Oltxf;af6 l5Kg ;Sg] u7g eP klg Pdfn]leqsf] qmflGtsf/L csf]{ cfFwLj]x]/L l;h{gf gu/L g]kfn
cf/lIft l;6 eg]/ n]lvP klg k'?if ePkl5 e§/fO{ ;a} e Gbf b' M lvt
ePsf lyP . kf6L{ ljefhgkl5g} pgn] k]6f« n
] , l8h]n / dd{t ;Def/sf] /sd b]lvFb}g . tTsfnLg g]skf dfcf]jfbL kl/jt{g rfxg] v]df / Pdfn]df jl/i7 / g]kfnLsf] eljio ;'gf}nf] aGg ;Sg]
tyf ;fËx¿ a:g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . klg jflif{s ¿kdf kfFr nfveGbf ;z:q o'4af6 zflGtk|lqmofdf k|jz ] / k| e fjzfnL elgg] ef/tLo b]lvFb}g .
cab]lv ;f] cf/lIft l;6df dlxnf / ;lqmo /fhgLltaf6 lj:tf/} lj>fd
ckfË pleP/ k'?if tyf ;fË a;]sf] lnPsf x'g\ . @)%) pklgjf{rgdf k"jk{ w| fgdqLx¿n] uf8L lkmtf{ gu/]sf g;s] dlGqd08ndf k|wfgdGqLsf cfof]hgfsf] ;fdfGo cWoogafx]s hnfzoo'St cfof]hgf /x]sf] cj:yfdf
b]lvPdf dxfzfvfn] sf/jfxL ug]{ ePsf] kf6L{ s } cGt3ftaf6 e§/fO{ n fO{ sf/0f k|wfgdGqL vgfnnfO{{ :yfgLo c;xof]uLx¿ k7fpg], Tof] klg g;s] o;nfO{{ cl3 a9fpg s'g} k|of; gePsf] 7"nf] Ifdtfsf] gf}d'/]n] a]n'sfsf]
5 . cleofgcGtu{t g} dxfzfvfn] x/fPkl5 pgnfO{ Tolta]n} kf6L{ ljsf; dGqfnosf ;lrj s[ i 0f ;/sf/df sfFu; ]| nfO{ klg Nofpg] / u[x, tL clwsf/Ln] atfP . pgsf cg';f/ nf]8;]l8ª x6fpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]
;jf/L P]gljk/Lt gDa/Kn]6 /fVg] km'6fpg] pT;fpg] g]tfx¿ w]/} lyP . 1jfnLn] k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf] 6f]of]6f /Iffh:tf dGqfno p;nfO{ ;'Dkg] gf}d/' ] cem} k|f/lDes r/0fdf 5 . ck]Iffsf ;fy ;f] cfof]hgf cl3
;jf/L ;fwgnfO{{ sf/jfxL ug{] ePsf] To;sf nflu s]lGb|o ;ldltdf b'O{ k|f8f] pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . kbdf pgLx¿sf] of]hgf sxLF l5k]sf] 5}g . ax' p 2] Z oLo cfof] h gf ePsfn] a9fpg] b'O{ b]zaLr ;xdlt ePsf] lyof] .
5 . o;cl3 ePsf b'36{ gf / ck/flws ltxfO{ / ;+ ; bLo bndf $% /xFbf lg0f{o u/fpg] / cfˆgf] zf]v vf;u/L of] ;/sf/ aGbf PsLs[t ;'Vvfofddf kfgLsf] afF8kmfF8sf] d'2f Ko'7fg lhNnfsf] /fKtL gbLdf lgdf{0f
lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg JolStx¿n] k| l tzteGbf a9L ;b:osf] k" / f ug{ of] k' / fg} rng xf] . dfcf]jfbLsf] hLt h:tf] b]lvPsf] 5 . cl3 cfpg] x'bF f o;sf nflu /fhgLlts x'g] of] cfof]hgfsf] k|f/lDes cWoog
l8lh6n gDa/Kn]6 k|of]u u/]sfn] x:tfIf/;d]t tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] . cTofw'lgs ;'ljwfgn] el/k"0f{ ePsf] Tof] hLtnfO{ k]ml/ nf]Kkf v'jfpg] ;xdlt cfjZos ePsf] tL clwsf/Lsf] g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f, hd{g k|fljlws
cg';Gwfgdf ;d:of k/]sf] eGb} 6«flkms t/ pgn] Tolt af]n eg]sf lyP– of] uf8L ev{/} dfq ahf/df cfPsf] if8\oGqdf tlNng 5g\ . pgLx¿ . u[x egfO 5 . o; ljifodf b'O{ jif{sf] ;xof]u -hL6Lh]8_ / l;+rfO ljefun]
k|x/Ln] sf/jfxL ;'? u/]sf] xf] .Ú …a? d d]l6g tof/ 5', t/ kf6L{ xf] . of] uf8Ldf ;'ljwfsf nflu dGqfnosf] ljifodf xnf] c8\sfPs/ cjlwdf b'O{ b]zsf dlGq:t/Lo / u/]sf lyP . gf}d/' a] f6 jflif{s * ;o
ck/flws 36gf tyf b'36{ gf u/fP/ k'm6fplbg .Ú h'g ljrf/sf sf/0f pgL sDkgLn] ;s] hltsf] k|of; u/]sf] ;/sf/nfO{ dgf]j}1flgs lx;fan] ;lrj :t/Lo jftf{ eO;s]sf] 5 . $$ luufjf6 306f lah'nL pTkfbg
km/f/ ePsf ;jf/Ldf gDa/ :ki6 kf6L{sf] d"nk|jfxaf6 PlSng k'u] . hgfPsf] 5 . sdhf]/ / lg/Lx agfpg] Pp6f sbddf o;aLrdf g]kfnn] klg kxn gug]{ / x'g] kl5Nnf] cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 .
gb]lvg] ePsfn] cg';Gwfg ug{ ;d:of cfwf ztfAbLeGbf nfdf] /fhgLlts
k/]sf] 5, k|jStf >]i7n] yKg'eof]– hLjgsf] sl7g ofqfdf ;+3if{ u/]sf ;/sf/n]=== pgLx¿ ;kmn eP . vf;u/L k|wfgdGqL
emngfy vgfnsf] ls+st{Joljd'9sf]
ef/tn] klg rf;f] gb]vfpFbf gf}d/' s
lj:t[t cWoog k|ltj]bg -8LkLcf/_
] f]
dfcf]jfbLaf6===
…6Nsg] gDa/Kn]6sf sf/0f kqmfp ug{ e§/fO{ . pgnfO{ @)%$ ;fndf k|oTg 5 . ;'/Iff;DaGwL dGqfno tof/ ePsf] 5}g . rf/ jif{cl3 dfcf]jfbLn] jt{dfg ;/sf/df
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lbg' x'bF g} /] Û oxL dGqfno cj:yfnfO{ pgLx¿n] /fd|f; ] uF kqm]sf
;d:of k/]sf] 5 .Ú ;jf/L tyf dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+ : yfx¿n] 5g\ / k|xf/sf lgzfgfx¿ Totftk{m g} sf7df8f}dF f ePsf] 5nkmndf ef/tLo ;xefuL;Fu} P3f/ dGqfno kfpg]
oftfoft Joj:yf P]gcg';f/ 7"nf tyf dfjgclwsf/ of]4f ztfAbL k'/:sf/ afF8kmfF8df dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lr8\ofP/ / clwsf/Ln] gf}d/' s ] f nflu cfjZos ;xdlt o;cl3 g} k| w fgdGqL
ckdflgt u/]/ ;/sf/ 9fNg] pgLx¿sf] s]lGb|t 5g\ . elgG5– s;}nfO{ l;Wofpg'
demf}nf ;jf/Lsf] gDa/ Kn]6sf] cfsf/ / ;Ddfg k|bfg u/]sf lyof] . 5 eg] p;sf sdhf]/Lx¿dfly k|xf/ ljQLo ;xof]u k|bfg ug{] ;}4flGts vgfn;Fu eO;s]sf] 5 . klxnf] r/0fdf
!$ * x'gk' g]5{ eg] ;fgf ;jf/Lsf] !@ &
tLgkfª\u]| 6]Kkf]sf] * $ OGr x'gk' g]{
k|cfsif{
wfgdGqLsf] ===
s uf8L l;kmfl/; u/]sf] x'g
klxnf] /0fgLlt c;kmntflt/ pGd'v
5, t}klg k|of; hf/L 5 . ug'{ / ;kfg'{ 5 eg] p;sf v'aL / ;xdlt hgfPsf lyP . o:t} ;g\ rf/ dGqL k7fPsf] dfcf]jfbLn] afFsL
dGqL klg s]xL lbgdf k7fpg] atfPsf]
Ifdtfx¿dfly jf ;jntfx¿dfly . ca @))^ df sf7df8f}dF f ePsf] klxnf]
pNn]v 5 . ;fwgsf] gDa/Kn]6df ;Sg] u[x dGqfno ;|f]tn] atfPsf] emngfy vgfn x]bf{ olt zlQmzfnL pmhf{ ;Dd]ngdf klg g]kfnsf nflu 5 . ut df3 @) ut] dfcf]jfbL cWoIf
5g ls, b]zsf] k|wfgdGqL, kf6L{ cWoIf, eg] ;don] g]6f] sfl6;s]sf] 5 .
n]lvPdf cÍ / cIf/ 7"nf] x'gk' g]{ 5 . 5 . k"jk{ w| fgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfnn] ;/sf/df gx'bF f b]z / hgtfsf s'/f tTsfnLg ef/tLo /fhb"t lzjz+s/ k|r08 / Pdfn] cWoIf vgfnaLr
demf}nf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] Kn]6 sDtLdf klg cfk"m k|wfgdGqL ePkl5 rd]nof ;+;bLo bnsf] g]tf, lgjf{lrt ;ef;b\, d'vhL{n] g]kfnsf] pmhf{ ;d:ofsf] ePsf] ;ft a' F b ] ;xdltcg' ; f/
;a} lx;fan] pgL g}lts ?kdf ug]{n] ca ;/sf/df k'u]kl5 klg
# OGr cUnf] / ! @ OGr df]6f] x'gk' 5{ . hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] ;a}eGbf gofF To;nfO{ e'Ng' x'bF g} . axfgfafhLdf b]z ;dfwfgsf nflu Ps ;o d]ufjf6sf] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ u[x dGqfno lbg] ;xdlt
tLgkfª\u]| 6]Kkf]df @ OGr cUnf] / ! @ 6f]of]6f k|f8f] uf8L r9\g ;'? u/]sf zlQmzfnL 5g\ . of]eGbf cg's"n Pp6f hnljB't\ cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ePsf] lyof] . To; ljifodf kl5
kl/l:ylt s] g} x'g ;Snf / < t}klg rNg ;Sb}g / cl3 a9 . zflGt /
OGr df]6f] x'g'k5{ . df]6/;fOsn, lyP . k"jk{ w| fgdGqL dfwjs'df/ g]kfn hg;+ljwfgsf nflu sbd rfNg] a]nf ul/lbg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP . /fhb"t ;xdlt lgl:sPkl5 dlGqkl/ifb\
:s'6/df @ OGr cUnf] / # * df]6f] g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/n] k|wfgdGqLdf axfn pgn] Pp6f u[xdGqLsf] lg0f{o ug{ d' v hL{ s f] ;f] x L 3f] i f0ffcg' ; f/ lj:tf/df l9nfO ePsf] lyof] .
;Sb}gg\ . u[xdGqL Pdfcf]jfbLnfO{ lbg] gfl3;Sof], l56f] u/ . k]ml/ ;/sf/af6
x'gk' 5{ . df]6/;fOsnsf] gDa/Kn]6df ePsf a] n f k| o f] u ul/g] uf8L lrlKnPkl5 dfq k5'tfP/ / dfkmL dfu]/ sf7df8f}dF f b'O{ b]zsf clwsf/LaLr k|wfgdGqL vgfnn] u[x dGqfno s]xL
rf/}lt/ ! $ OGr 5f8]/ cÍ / cIf/ k"jk{ w| fgdGqLsf x}l;otdf ;'ljwfsf jf glbg] < of Pdfn]nfO{ g} lbg] ls < 5nkmn eO{ gf}d'/] cl3 a9fpg ;do cfkm}; F uF /fv]/ kl5 dfcf]jfbLnfO{
olt ;fdfGo lg0f{o ug]{ g;s]/ dlxgf s]xL x'gj] fnf 5}g . ev{/} dfq dlGqd08nn]
n]Vg'kg{5] eg] dflyNnf] / tNnf] nfO{gsf] ¿kdf lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . ;f]xL cfsf/ lnPsf] 5 . ca eg] ;/sf/ ;}4flGts ;xdlt ePsf] lyof] . ;f] lbg] ePkl5 ;/sf/ lj:tf/ ePsf]
b"/L sDtLdf ! @ OGrsf] x'gk' g]{ pNn]v lg0f{oadf]lhd k"jk{ w| fgdGqL g]kfnn] lbg;Dd dlGqkl/ifb\ lj:tf/ ug{ g;Sg] cj;/df ef/tLo k|ltlglwd08nn] xf] . dfcf]jfbLn] rf/ dGqL k7fP;Fu}
k|wfgdGqLn] c¿ s] g} ug{ ;Snfg\ < s] hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL aGg} k5{ .
5 .Ú pkTosfdf clxn] rNg] w]/h } ;f] rd]lnofsf] 6f]of6f k|f8f] lkmtf{ u/]sf gf}d/' s
] f] :ynut cWoog u/L cfly{s vgfn g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/df dGqL ;+Vof
;jf/Ln] sfg'g ljk/Lt gDa/Kn]6 5}gg\ . oL b'j} uf8Lsf] d"No ;/sf/n] pgL;Fu lg0f{o ug]{ ;fx; / Ifdtf g} gf}d/' s
] f]=== Pj+ k|fljlws b[li6n] pko'St 7x/fPsf] * k'us ] f] 5 . k|wfgdGqL vgfnn] ca
/fv]sf] b]lvPsf] 5, oftfoft Joj:yf rd]lnofnfO{{ ltl/;s]sf] 5 . o; 5}g < lxhf] k|wgdGqL aGg] a]nfdf u/]sf] lyof] . e|d0fsf] ;dfkgdf b'j} b]zn] lyof] . gf}d/' ] ax'p2]ZoLo cfof]hgf Ps xKtfleq ;/sf/n] k"0f{tf kfpg]
P]gcg';f/ ;a} ;jf/LnfO{{ Kn]6 agfpg cl3sf k|wfgdGqLx¿n] 6f]of]6f k|f8f] ;ft a'bF ] ;xdltnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ;+oS' t ¿kdf hf/L u/]sf] @@ a'bF } ePsfn] ljB'ts \ f cltl/St l;+rfO klg atfPsf 5g\ . Pdfn]leq a9]sf]
cleofg nfu]sf] 5Ú– k|jStf >]i7n] uf8L k|of]u ub}{ cfP klg vgfnn] g;Sg] s] pgL x'ltof/f k|wfgdGqL x'g < 3f]if0ffkqdf gf}d'/] cfof]hgfnfO{{ dxTjk"0f{ x'g] k|f/lDes cWoogn] ljjfbn] klg dlGqd08n lj:tf/n]
atfpg'eof] . eg] dxFuf] uf8L l;kmfl/; u/]sf x'g\ . ce}m klg ;s] of] ;/sf/nfO{ 9fNg], k|fyldstfdf /flvPsf] lyof] . xfn b]vfPsf] 5 . g]kfndf s'nv ] fgL dfq k"0f{tf kfpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
/fatOfc t]u @@ gu
' fmk nf; &^)@ sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$ 8

ˆ
;Rrf nf]stGqsf] nflu hgljb|f]x ;do–;Gbe{
Pd= nfld5fg] ‘d·n’
hgtfn] hgtfåf/f hgtfsf]
lglDt ul/g] zf;g k4lt g} nf]stGq
xf] eg]/ a'lemof] eg] g]kfnsf] xsdf
g]qk|;fb sfk\mn]
k|ltgLwLTjsf] cfjfh p7fpg]x¿nfO{ tTsfnsf] cfj:ostf eg]sf] zflGt
u/L/xG5g\ csf]{tkm{ cfk\mg} kxndf
cfkm}n] kfn]sf u'08fx¿ k|of]u u/]/
dfcf] j fbLsf g] t f tyf
cu|udg grfxg]x¿n] kf/]sf uf“7fx¿ k'mSb} hfg]5g\
h]Pg vgfnsf] dlGqd08n ag]kZrft kfl/Psf ufF7fx¿dWo] Pp6f
unt x'G5 . b]zcg';f/ nf]stGqsf] Aofks cdfgljo oftgf bLP/ xf], ;+lawfg xf], ;+3Lotf xf], k|fKt sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ v'?v'? 9's'/ df/]
kl/efiff ;d]t km/s–km/s x'G5 xf]nf, t8\kfO t8\kfO k/nf]s k'/\ofpg]x¿ ;LdLt pknAwLsf] /Iff xf] . h'g nIo em} dfb}{ 5g\, lsg dfcf]jfbLn] oL ufF7f] k'ms]sf] b]lvof] . pgnfO{ k|wfgdGqL x'g glbg c¿ kf6L{eGbf pgs}
cGoyf g] k fndf cfk" m nfO{ g} clxn] nf]stGqsf] se/df k'g csf]{ xf;Ln ug{ ;xdtL tyf ;xsfo{sf] b'Z6x¿nfO{ dfg{ ;Sb}g< ;d:ofsf] kf6L{sf x:tLx¿ a9L nfu]sf lyP . sy+sbflrt b'O{ ltxfO{sf] ;dy{g ePdf
nf] s tGqjfbL ef] l ift ug] { x ¿n] eLif0f if8\oGqdf nfuLk/]sf] 5 . lasNk 5}g . t/ nf]stGqsf dL7f h8 eg]sf] nf]stfGqjfbsf] cfj/0fdf ;+ljwfg aGnf / vgfnsf] l:ylt dha't ePdf cfˆgf] /fhg}lts l:ylt
cfk"mnfO{ hgtfsf] dflns 7fGg] u0ftGq, ;+3Lotf, wd{lg/k]Iotf, s'/f ug]{x¿ zflGtk|s[ofdf efhf] a]/LPsf] ;fdGtL k|ltufdL hdft g} 8fdf8f]n xf]nf ls eGg] dg;fon] pgsf] ;/sf/sf] k"0f{tf x'g glbg sf]–sf]n]
lyPgg\ . g] k fndf sf] xf] t ;dfg'kftLs k|ltgLwLTj nufPsf xfn xfNgd} Ao:t 5g\, ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] xf], of] e'm08sf] c:yLTj /xbf ;Dd s:tf] ts{–ljts{ u/] / if8\oGqsf sof}F k|of;x¿ eP eGg]af/]df yf]/–ax't
nf]stGqjfbL < PstGqLo lg/ª\s'z pknAw ;LdLt pknAwLx¿ ;d]t lj?4 la; adg ug{d} Ao:t 5g\ . b]zdf ;+lawfg aGb}g . ;]gf;dfof]hg g]kfnL hgtfn] a'lem;s]sf 5g\ . h;sf] sf/0faf6 pgsf] ;/sf/ ag]b]lv
kGrfotL zf;gdf b/af/sf] cf8, logLx¿sf] ;f]rfO, logLx¿sf] laa]s ;+;bsf] Pp6f ;dLtLn] tof/ kf/]/ x'Fb}g . /fHosf] k'g{;+/rgf x'Fb}g . uf9fx¿ klxl/Fb} dfq uPgg\ emg sl:;b} uPsf lyP . ce}m uf9fx¿
e/f];f cfzLjf{b tyf cg'dtLdf tyf r]tgf eGbf afxL/sf] s'/f lyof] . kf/Lt ;d] t e} ; s] s f] /fHosf] sfo{kfnLsf, GofokfnLsf, sl:;Fb} lng] k|of; eO/x]sf 5g\ . PstkmL{ ?kdf ;xofqL;Fusf] ;Nnfx
hgtfsf] bf] x g ug] { x ¿ obL s;}nfO{ laZjf; nfUb}g eg] )^@ /fHok'g; { /+ rgfsf] k|f¿knfO{ k}tfnfn] Aoj:yfkLsf tyf sd{rf/LtGqdf a]u/ cfk}Fm dGqfno tf]Sb} ;xdltnfO{ ltSttf lbg] sfd;d]t x'g uP . b'j}
nf] s tGqjfbLx¿ x' g \ . lautdf eGbf cuf8Lsf logLx¿sf lawfg, s'Nrb} ca cfP/ /fHo k'g{;+/rgf /QLe/ k/Ljt{g x'Fb}g, Tof] x'g] kf6L{sf ljleGg r/0fsf a}7saf6 ;d]t uf9fx¿ v's'nf] x'gsf] ;f6f] s:g]
/fhfsf sfl/Gbf aGb} /}tLx¿dfly bZtfa]h tyf sfo{qmdx¿ x]bf{ g} cfof]u agfpg' kg]{ s'/f ub}{5g\ . ;+ e fjgf ;d] t 5} g . t/ kgL sfo{ dfq x'g uP . z'qmaf/sf] dlGqd08nsf] lj:tf/n] ca ufF7f] k'mS5 ls
zf;g ug] { x ¿ clxn] s f k| : 6 x' G 5 . Oltxf; b] v Ls} a]OdfgLsf] xb ;d]t gf3]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL logLx¿sf] cfqmd0fsf] egL ;fdfGo ?kdf ;f]lrPsf] eP klg kbf{ k5fl8sf v]nx¿n] ufF7f] k'msfpg
nf]stGqjfbLx¿ x'g\ . k|hftGqsf] hgla/f]wLx¿ b]zsf] /fhgLlt cfk"mn] ca /fHok'g{;+/rgf cfof]u u7g lj?4 k|Tofqmd0f ub}g{ lsg < b]z Hofb} rft'o,{ b[9tf, ljZjf;, Odfgbfl/tfsf] cem a9L k|oTg x'gk' g]{ b]lvG5 .
gfddf k|hfx¿sf] v'g, kl;gfdf rfxf]sf] cyjf cfk\mgf] cg'sn ' tf eGbf ug'k{ 5{ eGg'sf] cy{ b]znfO{ ;+3Lotfdf tyf hgtfn] rfx]sf] zflGt xf], ljutdf sfFu|]; Pdfn]leq dlGqd08n u7g x'Fbf h'g lvrftfgL x'g]
9fl8g] ;fdGtx¿ g} clxn] s f afxL/ uPsf sf/0f To;nfO{ /f]Sgs} gn}hfg] s'T;Lt if8\oGq afx]s c? ;+lawfg xf], cu|udg xf], ;dfgtf ub{Yof] / h]–h:tf ljjfbx¿ ;fj{hlgs x'g] ub{Yof] . o; k6s kl/jt{gsf]
nf]stGqjfbLx¿ x'g\ . h;sf] zlQm, nfuL cTofGt} cklaq u7aGwg s]xL xf]Og . b]znfO{ of] cj:yfdf tyf ljsf; xf] h' g s' / f oL
p;}sf] elQmdf nfu]/ a|Dxn'6 ug]x{ ¿ lgdf{0f ub}{ b]z tyf hgtfsf] lj?4df NofOk' / \ o fPsf] dfcf] j fbLn] xf] . k|ltufdLx¿n] s'g} xfntdf k'/f x'g ;]jfx¿ egL sxlnPsf] dfcf]jfbLleq klg To:t} cj:yf b]lvof] ls egL
nf]stGqjfbLx¿ x'g,\ cyjf ljutdf Aofks ¿kdf nfuL k/]sf 5g\ . ;+;awfg;ef, ;dfg'kgtLs lgjf{rg bLb}gg\ . To;sf/0f oL b':6x¿sf ;t{ z+sf ug'k{ g]{ cj:yf l;h{gf eof] . dGqLsf nflu l;kmfl/; lni6x¿sf] nfdf]
b/af/ zlQmzfnL tyf dha't x'Fbf k/Ljt{gsf/L zlQmx¿, b]z tyf k|0ffnL, wd{lg/k]If /fi6««\ tyf ;+3Lo ;'Gg] xf]Og sL logLx¿nfO{ nIfLt ub}{ ;"rLsf sf/0f dGqLx¿sf] l;kmfl/;df ePsf] lanDaaf/]df ;fj{hlgs ?kd}
b/af/sf] u'nfdL, bnfnL tyf rfs8L hgtfsf] d' l Qm tyf ;dfgtf zf;g k|0ffnL dfcf]jfbLsf Ph]08f dfcf]jfbLn] Ps}rf]6L bh{gf} ;t{ :jLsfl/g'n] Pdfn], sfFu|];sf] /f]u otfk§L klg ;/]sf] xf] ls egL ;f]Rbf
ug]{x¿ tyf at{dfg kl/l:yltdf rfxfg] x ¿ zflGt tyf ljsf; lyP, oL Ph]08f :yfkLt ug{sf] nfuL yKg'k5{ . clxn] ;Dd ePsf ;GwL cGofo gx'g] b]lvG5 . kf6L{leq cGt/kf6L{ ;+3if{ x'g' :jefljs} xf] . dtleGgtf
b/af/sf] :yfg lnPsf] lbNnLsf] rfxfg]x¿ k|fKt pknAwLx¿nfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] oL k|ltufdLx¿sf uf]nL tyf ;demf}tfx¿sf kfngf s:n] stL cyf{t\ ljrf/x¿ lglZrt :yfg / ;dodf cfpF5g\ . To;nfO{ ;dfwfg ug]{
bnfnL, u'nfdL, rfs8L tyf rfKn';L ;+lawfgsf] dfWodaf6 ;+:yfut ub},{ 5ftLdf yfk]/ cuf8L a9]sf] lyof] . u/\of], x/]s a'wdf 5nkmn ug'{k5{ / k4ltcg'?k ;dfwfg x'bF } hfG5g\ . ;dfwfg jf ljjfbsf] lgwfg gx'bF f To;nfO{
ug]{x¿ g} g]kfnsf nf]stGqjfbLx¿ ;]gf ;dfof]hg ;xLt zflGtk|so[ fnfO{ cfh km] / L oLg} kTs/x¿ oL hgtfnfO{ of] la;odf k|:6 kfg'k{ 5{ . ax;df NofOG5 / Tof] ax; klg Pp6f laGb'df la;h{g x'G5 . t/ kf6L{
x'g\ . ax';+Vos u/Lj, lgd'vf tyf ;fy{s lg:s;{df k'/\ofpb}, /fHosf] pknAwLnfO{ t'xfpg cGtLd k|of; lj:tf/jfbLsf] cf8 tyf e/f];df k4ltdf k|To]s lxF8fOdf ToxL t'ifn] sfd ub}{ uof] / of] u'6 / pku'6 eGb}
;j{xf/f x¿sf] v'g, kl;gfdf xf]nL cu|ufdL tyf b|'tljsf;sf] nfuL ub} { 5 g\ . P;} s f pkh x' g \ k|ltufdLx¿n] P;/L efhf] xfn]sf /lxof] eg] emg\ u'6x¿n] k}mng] / emflËg] cj;/ kfpFbf c:j:y ax;n]
v]Ng] d'¶Le/ ;fdGtx¿ nf]stGqjfbL ;+3Lo zf;g k|df0fnL dfkm{t cuf8L ;]gf;dfof]hgsf] la/f]w, ;+3Lotfsf] sf/0f, b]zdf ePsf tyf x'g] u/]sf ljs[lt Nofpg] ub{5 . sfFu|];, Pdfn]nufot sltko ;+;b\jfbL kf6L{x¿df
x'g\ cyjf b]z / hgtfnfO{ x/fpb}, a9\gsf] nfuL xb} ;Dd k|oTg;Ln 5 la/f]w, wd{ lg/k]Iftfsf] la/f]w tyf lj:tf/jfbL x:tIf]k tyf x}sdx¿sf u'6ut ljefhgn] pgLx¿sf] cBf]ult ePsf] k':6\ofO{ ub{5 . sfFu|]; /
sËfn agfpb} cfˆgf] kfkL k]6 eg]x{ ¿ eg] zflGt, ;+lawfg tyf k/Ljt{g ;+lawfg lgdf{0fdf ljleGg afwf lj?4 /fi6«Lotfsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ Pdfn] s'g} sfnv08df 7"nf, ;j{zlQmdfg kf6L{df ulgGYof] . pgLx¿nfO{
g]kfnsf] xsdf nf]stGqjfbLx¿ x'g\ . grfxfg] k| l tufdLx¿ ;se/ Aojwfgx¿ . lj:tf/jfbL zlQmsf] a'O Aofkstf bLg'sf] lasNk 5}g . obL hgtfn] lsg] 5f]8] eg] pgLx¿leq ePsf] cfGtl/s lsrnf]n] ubf{ hgtfn]
dLxLg 9+un] x]g]{ xf] eg] dfyLsf] hgtfnfO{ 7Ug], ;sef/ )$& ;fnsf] r9] / b] z nfO{ e:d kfg{ oL zflGt, ;+lawfg tyf cu|udg rfxfg] kTofPgg\ . kTofpg 5f]8,] h;sf] kl/0flt ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfjsf] kl/0ffdn]
kl/efiffdf vf]6 nufpg] 7fpF 5}g . ;+lawfg Ao'tfpg], obL To;f] gePdf k|ltufdLx¿ nf]stGqsf] cfj/0fdf xf] eg] hgcfGbf]ng )^@, )^# tyf
clxn] g]kfndf nf]stGqsf] uLt Go'gtd clwsf/ dfq hgtfnfO{ bLP/ cGtLd k|of; ub}{ 5g\ . logLx¿ ;Fu clxn] rnLx/sf] dWok'j{sf] Aofks pgLx¿sf] r'/Lk'm/L ;dfKt kfl/lbof] . ;+;bLo r'gfjsf] Tolt 5Ssfk~hf
ufpg]x¿ cyjf cfk"mnfO{ nf]stGqsf] Ps yfg ;+lawfg agfpg] . ;se/ jf/ sL kf/sf] n8fO cjsf] qmflGtnfO{ 5fofdf kfg]u{ /L Tof] eGbf ghfGg] ev{/ hgo'4sf] a]Un} cg'ej a6'ns ] f] kf6L{ ;+;bLo lgjf{rgdf klg
kof{o 7fGg]x¿ cwLsf+; lg/+s';f ;+3Lotfdf hfb} ghfg], obL hfg} k/] cfj:ostf xf] . k| l tufdL 7'nf] tyf Aofks qmflGt g]kfndf Ps gDa/df cfpg'sf] k5fl8 dfcf]jfbLleqsf] Pstf, cg'zf;gn] hgtfn]
kGrfotL Aoj:yfsf xLdfotLx¿ cGtLddf xfn /x]sf kfr ljsf; kfv08Lx¿sf dfu tyf ;t{x¿ cfj:os 5, P;sf] lasNk ;d]t ljZjf; u/]sf x'g\ . cfzf ljZjf; lnPsf x'g\ cyf{t\ hgtfn] kTofPsf
5g\ . cwLsf+ ; tyfsyLt If]qnfO{ g} syLt ;+3Lo /fHo dfGb} dfcf]jfbLn] clxn] ;Dd kSs} a'em]sf] 5}g . of] la;odf :k:6 x'b} oL x'g\ . ;QflnK;fsf] dxTjfsf+Iff eP klg b]Vbf ;f}Do / eb|tf b]lvg] /
k|hftGqjfbLx¿ 5g\ . kGrfot tyf hfg], cyjf cfk\mgf] ana'tfn] EofP x'g'k5{, To;sf/0f logLx¿;Fusf] lautsf kGr] tyf k|ltufdLx¿sf tF5f8d5f8sf] 5gs gb]lvg] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{leq dGqL aGg lsg To:tf]
k|hftGqdf ePsf cGofo, cTofrf/, ;Dd k/Ljt{g /f]Sg] k|of; ub}{ 5 . ;xsfo{ tyf ;Demf}tfn] zflGt tyf e08fkmf] / ub} { , oL lab] z Lsf eof] xf]nf, To; af/]df ;f]Rg}kg]{ b]lvG5 . cGtl/d ;+;b\ ;b:osf] dgf]gog
zf]if0f tyf bf]xgsf sf/0f hgtf h;sf] nfuL clxn] logLx¿ ljleGg ;+lawfg k|fKt x'bF g} eGg] k|:6 e};Sof] bnfnx¿sf kbf{kmf; ub},{ hgtfnfO{ / ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;b:osf] pDd]bjf/sf] dgf]gog x'bF f tfsf;Ddsf] zflngtf
lab| f ] x df pq] s f] s' / f Oltxf;n] afxfgfafhL ub}{ 5g\ . hgd'lQm ;]gf ca logLx¿;Fu kmfNt' asjf; u/]/ ;r]t agfpg h?/L 5 sL b]z tyf clxn] h]Pg ;/sf/df ;xeflutf x'bF f;Ddsf] cjlwsf] ;f]rfOdf lsg o:tf]
k|df0fLt u/L;s]sf] 5 . hgtfn] kfvf SofG6f]gd]G6df /xbf ;Dd logLx¿sf] a:g'sf] s'g} cy{ 5}g . zflGt tyf hgtfsf] xf/df nf]stGqjfbLsf] hLt kl/jt{g eof], o;af/]df ;f]Rg} kb{5 / Oltxf;df o;sf] ;dLIff x'g]g} 5 .
nufPsf Oltxf;sf afOk|f]8S6x¿ of] k|ltufdL ;kgf k'/f x'Fb}g eGg] ;+lawfgdf efhf] logLx¿n] xfNb} 5g\, x'g ;Sb}g . ;Rrf nf]stGqjfbLx¿ t/ klg cf7hgfsf] dlGqkl/ifb\n] of] ;/sf/sf] ufF7f] v's'nf] x'g] ;+s]tnfO{
cfk\mgf :jfy{ dLn]sf] sf/0f jf :jfy{ s'/fdf logLx¿ k|:6 5g\ . To;sf/0f ;+3Lotfsf] la/f]w logLx¿ ub}{ 5g\ b]z tyf hgtfsf] hLtdf cfk\mgf] ;sf/fTds lng} kb{5 .
/Iffsf vftL/ tyfsyLt htL;Sbf] 5L6f] logLx¿ hgd'lQm clxn] ;Ddsf ;GwL tyf ;Demf}tfx¿ hLt b]V5g\ . jf:tljs nf]stGq jf:tjdf clxn] ePsf dGqfnox¿sf] s6f}tLaf/]df lemgf] ?kdf cfjfh
nf]stGqjfbLsf] cfj/0fdf a]/LPsf ;]gfsf] c:yLTj g:6 ug{ vf]Hb} 5g\ pLgLx¿ Tf]8\b} 5g\ cgL km]/L eGb} s:n] rfx]sf] 5, s:n] rfx]sf] 5}g< pl7/x]sf] 5 . ljutdf dGqL agfOg}sf nflu kmf]l/Psf dGqfnonfO{ ufEg
x'g\ eg]/ s;}n] eG5 eg] Tof] uNtL h'g s'/f c;+ej 5 . logLx¿sf 5g\ dfcf]jfbL OdfGbf/ e}bLg' k/\of], ;]gf ;dfof]h, zflGt tyf ;+lawfg ;lsof] eg] To;n] ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z lbg] lyof] . To:tf] cfF6 of] ;/sf/n]
kSs} x'Fb}g . xfdL cfkm} x]g{ ;S5f} af/Daf/sf sfOt]s'/fx¿n] k|:6 dfcf]jfbL ;'wL| g' tyf ;k|Lg' k/\of], s:n] rfx]sf] 5 / s:n] rfx]sf] 5}g<
nf]stGqsf] ehg ufpg] kf6L{x¿ tyf kf/L;s]sf] 5 sL logLx¿ s'g}kgL dfcf]jfbLn] ;a} ;GwL tyf ;Demf}tf s:n] af/Daf/ efhf] xfNb} 5, s:n] ug{ ;s]df g]kfnLx¿n] leq}b]lv wGojfb lbg] lyP . ljs[lt, lj;+ultnfO{
lt kf6L{x¿sf] g]tT[ j ug]{ kfqx¿ pg} xfntdf ;]gf;dfof]hg ug{ bLb}gg\ dfGbLg' k/\of] ==== cfbL . of] gf}6s
+ LnfO{ af/Daf/ ;t{ yf] k b} { uPsf] < oL x6fpFbf s]xL cK7\of/f] x'G5 g} . ToxL cK7\of/f]nfO{ ;lhnf] agfpg' g} a'l4dQfk"0f{
hgla/f]wLx¿ x'g\, pg} k|ltufdLx¿ / ljleGg afxfgf u/]/, ljleGg cQf] ca dfcf]jfbLn] rLg}{k5{ . la;ox¿df hgtf k|:6 gx'bf ;Dd sfo{ xf] . Tof] ;b\a'l4 dnf];\ xfd|f] oxL sfdgf 5 . s]z oltv]/ cToGt
x' g \ , k/Ljt{ g rfxfg] hgtfsf] yfk]/ Tof] zlQmnfO{ dfcf]jfbLaf6 logLx¿n] eg] em} ;'wL| b}, ;lk|bF } cyjf k| l tufdLx¿n] ofjt hl6n df]8df k'u]sf] 5 . of] hl6ntf cu|udg / kZrudg jf
6fpsfdf a'6 tyf nf7L a;f{pg] pg} cfnu kfg{ pWbt 5g\ . lautdf hfg] , e| : 6 aGg] , ;fdGt tyf ck/fwx¿ ub} { To;sf] bf] z L oyfl:yltjfbLaLrsf] åGå dfq xf]Og slyt e|i6 / xfdL g} b]z rnfpg] /
hgb'Zdgx¿ x'g\ . s'g} ;do lg/+s; ' u/]sf ;GwL tyf ;Demf}tfx¿ Ps k'FhLktLx¿sf] /Iffdf sfd ug]{, dfcf] j fbLnfO{ b] v fpb} hgtfdf ljb]zLsf] cfzLjf{bn] dfq b]z xfSg kfOG5 eGg] k/Dk/futjfbL aLrsf]
kGrfotnfO{ lgjL{sNk dfGg] x¿, s'g} Ps ub}{ tf]8b\ } hfg', ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] lj:tf/jfbLx¿sf] bnfnL tyf u'nfdL e|d5bf{ ;Dd b]zn] d'lQm kfpg] 5}g . åGån] ubf{ b]zn] ult lng ;s]sf] 5}g . h;/L log} ;f]rnfO{ emfk6 lxsf{pbF }
;do tyfsyLt ;+ a } w fgLs s'g} vfsf tyf s'g} df]8]n k|:t't ug]{, b]z tyf hgtf ef8df uP zflGt tyf ;+lawfgsf] lj?4df, r'gf}tLnfO{ lsgf/f nufpg jt{dfg ;/sf/ aGg k'Uof] To;/L g} ljutsf]
/fhtGqnfO{ lgjL{sNk dfGg]x¿ tyf ug{ g;Sg' tyf dfcf]jfbLn] k|:t't hfpg\, cfk\mgf] b'gf] ;f]e\mofpg], cfd'n k/Ljt{g tyf cu|udgsf] k/Dk/fut dfGotfnfO{ qmdeËtf ub}{ slyt ;'lsnfLs:–d'lsnfnfO{ gUofpg
lt cfttfoL zf;sx¿sf] lj?4df u/]sf vfsf tyf df]8]nx¿sf] ;d]t hgd'lQm;]gfnfO{ e]8fafv|fnfO{ vf]/af6 lj?4df logLx¿ otL lgj:q 9+un] g;Sbf;Dd s];n] ult lng ;Sg] b]lvFb}g . jt{dfg ;/sf/sf] d'Vo sfo{
pqg] k/Ljt{gsfdLx¿nfO{ sTn]cfd p3|la/f]w ug'{ tyf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] lgsfn] / h+ u ntL/ nv] 6 ] em} pqLbf otL lgr xs{tx¿ u/L/xbf b]zdf zlfGt ;'Joj:yf sfod ub}{ kl/jt{gsf] cg'e"lt hgtfnfO{ lbg' /
ug]x{ ¿ g} clxn] nf]stGqsf] cfj/0fdf c:yLTj tyf zfgnfO{ r'gf}tL bLb} SofG6f]Gd]G6 af6 lgsfn]/ hfxfF hfG5f} ;d]t dfcf]jfbLn] hgtfsf] ;fy oyf;dodf gofF / k|ultzLn ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ff ug'{ g} xf] . t/, h'g Tolt
a]/LP/ csf]{ leif0f g/;+xf/sf] tof/L b'O, rf/ ;PhgfnfO{ cfTd;dk{0f hfp, h] u5f}{ u/ eGb} tSsfn nLP/ logLx¿sf ;Dk'0f{ s'sfo{ ;/n / ;xh b]lvFb}g . To;sf] nflu klg b[9 ;+sNksf] vfFrf] kb{5 . ToxL
ub}{5g\ . hgdtsf] sb/ gug]{x¿ u/fP/ ;/sf/L ;] g fdf k' g { e tL{ SofG6f]Gd]G6 vfnL ug],{ / tyfsyLt tyf unt xs{tx¿nfO{ sfpG6/ ;+sNk of] ;/sf/n] lng'kb{5 . ;+ljwfg aGg glbg] zlQmx¿ b]z hxfF;'s}
nf] s tGqjfbL x' g ;Sb} g g\ . u/fpg] s'/faf6 s] s'/f k|:6 x'G5 ax'njfbL aGb} 5f8ftGqsf] lasf; P6\ofS6 ug{ ;s]g eg] Tof] ;fFRrLs} hfcf];\ / hgtfsf ;f]rfOx¿ h]–h;/L t'iff/fkft eP klg cfˆgf] lgxLt
hgrfxfgfsf] ;Ddfg ug{ g;Sg]x¿ eg] logLx¿ ;se/ hgd'lQm;]gfnfO{ ug]{ jf oL kfv08L, :jfyL{ tyf b' e f{ U o x' g ] 5 . ;] g f;dfof] h g,
nf]stGqjfbL x'g ;Sb}gg\ . hgtfn] dfcf] j fbLs} lj?4 k| o f] u ug{ bnfnx¿sf] lj?4 r6\6fg ag]/ v8f ;+lawfg lgdf{0f, /fHosf] cu|ufdL :jfy{sf] nflu Pp6f g Pp6f av]8f lemSb} ;/sf/nfO{ /fd|f] sfd ug{
v'g, kl;gf aufP/ NofPsf] k/Ljt{g rfxfG5g\, / To;sf] e/dUb'/ k|of; x'g]< ;]gf etL{ logLx¿n] u/L/x]sf k'g{;+/rgf, sfo{kfnLsf, 5]sjf/ nufpg] :jgfdwGox¿sf] v]tL g} ToxL x'g] 5 . To;}sf] Pp6f
;+:yfut ug{ hg;+lawfg lgdf{0f ug{ u/L/x]sf 5g\ . obL To;f] ug{ g;s]df 5g\ , xtLof/ v/Lb logLx¿n] GofokfnLsf, Aoj:yfkLsf tyf l/xN;n Pdfn]n] dGqL agfpg]x¿sf] ln:6df klg ljnDa x'g5 ] . of] k"jf{gd' fg
grfxfg] x ¿ nf] s tGqjfbL x' g h;/L eP kgL hgd'lQm;]gfnfO{ u/L/x]sf 5g\, dfcf]jfbLn] lsg To:t} ;du| sd{ r f/LtGqdf cfd' n ldN5 ldNb}g x]b}{ hfpF .
;Sb}gg\ . lawLsf] zf;g grfxfg]x¿ SofG6f]Gd]G6af6 knfPg agfpb} hfg] u/L logLx¿nfO{ r'gf}tL bLg ;s]g< k/Ljt{g tyf ;]gfsf] h]7 !$ ut];Dd alg;Sg'kg]{ ;+ljwfg, ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb yk af/]sf]
nf]stGqjfbL x'g ;Sb}gg\ . e|:6frf/, ;f]r /fv]sf] b]vLG5 . obL To;f] ug{ pN6} logLx¿n] dfcf]jfbLn] ;Demf}tf nf]stfGqLs/0fdf oL k|ltufdLx¿n] ;jf]{Rrsf] k}m;nf, ;do k'Ug] gk'Ug] cflbaf/]df clxn]sf ax; 5g\ . Ps
3';vf]/L tyf t:s/LnfO{ g} hLjgsf] ;d]t g;s]df of] b]z3ftL tyf kfngf u/] g g\ , OdfGbf/ ePgg\ s;/L efhf] xfNb}5g\, s;/L ca/f]w jif{sf] Dofb yk eO;s]sf] gf} dlxgfsf] cjlwdf s]–s:tf sfd eP, To;sf]
nIo agfPsfx¿ Nf]stGqjfbL x'g k|ltufdL bnfnx¿sf] e'm08 b]zdf eGb}5g\, lsg dfcf]jfbL r'krfk 5< ub} { 5 g\ , s;/L sf] / fzflGtsf] ;dLIff ug]{ xf] eg] of] cjlw / o; k"j{ klg ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf pbf;Lg
;Sb}gg\ . nf]stGqsf] cy{ k|ltudg /Qmkft dRrfP/ ePkgL cfk\mgf] lsg dfcf]jfbLn] logLx¿sf] s8f hnkdf u[xo'Wbsf] tof/L ub}{5g\, ePsf] ju{, ;d"x JolQm oltv]/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb Ps lbg klg ga9fpg]
xf] O g, nf] s tGqsf] cy{ :jfy{ /Iffsf] cGtLd k|of; ug]{ k|ltjfb ub}{g< ;Demf}tf logLx¿n] s;/L nf]stfGqLs d's'08f] nufP/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] cf}lrTo ;dfKt ePsf] ts{ cufl8 ;fl//x]sf] 5 . cem
hglt/:s[tx¿n] /fHo;Qf sAhf ug'{ dg:yLtLdf b]vLG5 . To;}sf/0f kfngf ug' { kb} { g < ;f] ; s tyf k|ltudgsf] g]t[Tj ub}{5g\ eGg] s'/f o;df klg To:tf] cfjfh p7fpg] :jgfdwGox¿ hf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf
xf]Og . nf]stGqsf] cy{ b]z tyf clxn] oL k|ltufdL cyjf g]kfnsf] ;fdGtx¿sf] hUuf kmLtf{ ug'{s'/f hgtfnfO{ htL5L6f] k| : 6\ o fpg g/fd|f] k/fhLt ePsf / ;dfg'kfltsaf6 klg ;d]l6g k|fljlws sf/0fn]
hgtfnfO{ x/fP/ lab]zLsf] :jfy{ xsdf tyfsyLt nf]stGqjfbL x¿sf] logLx¿ bLgx'F u5{g,\ dfcf]jfbLn] hUuf ;Sof] TotL g} 5L6f] hglab|f]xsf] g;s]sf hgflwsf/ gePsfx¿ a9L s'ln{Psf] kfOG5 . ef/tLo af]nL;Fu
cg' ; f/ oyfl:yltjfbL tyf cfvfsf] tf/f] cyjf d'Vo lgzfgf kmLtf{ u/]g, ;xdtL kfngf u/]g eGb} cfwf/ tof/ x'g] 5, hj hgtf 7\ofSs} d]n vfg] pgLx¿sf] af]nL lsg To;/L lg:sFb} 5 eg] pgLx¿sf]
k|ltufdLx¿n] hLTg' xf]Og . hgd'lQm ;]gf ePsf] 5 . laz]; aa08/ dRrfp5g\, dfcf]jfbLn] lsg ;8sdf em5{ g ;+ ; f/sf] s' g } p2]Zo g]kfnL hgtfn] a'lem;s]sf 5g\ . clxn]sf uf9fx¿ pgLx¿s} ana'tfn]
/fhtGqsf] lasNksf s'/f ug]n { fO{ ;dLtL dftxt u};s]sf] sf/0f ca hdLg k'g{lat/0fsf] s'/f p7fpg zlQmn] k/Ljt{ g ;+ : yfut ug] {
uf]nL 7f]Sg]x¿, ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL cfk\mgf] c:yLTj, cfk\mgf] rfxfgf tyf ;Sb}g< lsg qmflGtsf/L e'dL;'wf/ sfo{ d f ca/f] w ug{ ;Sb} g . sl;/x]sf 5g\ . ctM g]kfnL hgtfn] gofF ;/sf/af6 u/]sf ck]Iffx¿
tyf wd{ lg/k] I otfsf] s' / f cfk\mgf] clwsf/sf] nfuL n8\g] :jo+ gx'bf ;Dd s'g} hdLg kmLtf{ x'bF g} To;sf/0f dfcf]jfbLn] ca rf]s hgkIfLo b]lvFb} uP, /fd|f] k|of;x¿ x'Fb} uP, k'/fgf ljs[lt, lj;+ult
ug]x{ ¿nfO{ uL/k\mtf/L, Aofks oftgf hgd'lQm ;]gfn] xf] . b]z tyf hgtfsf] eg] / eGg ;Sb} g < b] z e/Lsf tyf rf}tf/fdf a;]/ jf dL8Lofsf bf]xf]l/Pgg\ / dGqLx¿n] hyfefjL u/]gg\ eg] @–$ dlxgf ;+ljwfg;efsf]
bLb} lhjg x/0f ug] { x ¿, d'lQmsf] nfuL jf c?sf] clwsf/sf] ;'s'Daf;Lx¿ nu]/ oL n'6]/fx¿sf cuLNtL/ cfP/ hglab| f ] x sf Dofb yk ub}{df sf]xL lau|Fb}g emg\ /fd|f] x'G5 . k"j{jtL{ ;/sf/h:tf] sfd
;+lawfg;efsf] s'/f ;'Gg ;d]t tof/ nfuL anLbfgL bLg k5L gkg]{x¿n] 3/hUUff sAhf u/]/ /fVg lsg ;Sb}g< rsf{s'/f dfq ug]{ xf]Og sL To;sf] s]xL gug]{, ljs[lt lj;+ult ylkFb} hfg] clg Dofb yk eGg] / /ftf/ft Dofb
gx' g ] x ¿, ;dfgtfsf] nfuL cfk"m cGofodf kbf{ r'krfk ;x]/ dfcf]jfbLn] xTof tyf xL+;f 5f]8]g tof/Ldf tg, dg, arg / sd{n] yKg] xf] eg] g]kfnL hgtfn] ;d]t k'msfpg] 5g\ . /fli6«o :jfledfg arfpg
;dfg' k ftLs tyf ;dfj] z L a:g] uNtL ug'{ x'Fb}g . g]kfnsf] eg] / logLx¿ bLgx' ?jfaf;L nfuLkg'{ g} cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . of] ;/sf/n] ;sf];\, oxL cfzf u/f}F .
k|sfzs tyf ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M afuahf/, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.chhepyastraweekly.wordpress.com sDKo'6/ tyf d'bs
| M lwDn] ckm;]6 k|;
] , l8NnLahf/, lkknaf]6 glhs}, kmf]gM $$$%%@)

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy