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bfª . bfª lhNnfdf lqmofzLn
dlxnf kqsf/x¿sf] 3f]/fxLdf ;DkGg
e]nfn] lqmofzLn dlxnf kqsf/x¿sf]
lhNnf ;+3 u7g u/]sf] 5 . lqmofzLn
kqsf/ dlxnfx¿sf] ;+ u 7g
kf]vn]| nlIfdf rf}w/L ;GWof /]UdL
/fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldltsf gf/fo0fL
/hf}/] / b]ljsf lhPd u0ftGq /fli6«o
b}lgssf k'gd l8;L tyf /]l8of]
pwf/f] k|wfgdGqLsf] nflu sf“u|];df xfgfyfk
sf7df8f}F . u7aGwg ;/sf/df
k|wfgdGqL dfwj g]kfnsf] /fhLgfdf
d'Vo bfj]bf/ dflgPsf sfFu;
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z]/axfb'/ b]pjf ;+;bLo bnsf g]tf
zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmof
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ePsf] eGb} ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj cfk"mn]
ug{ kfpg' k5{ eGb} cfPsf 5g\ eg]
dWoklZrdsf xl/dfof l8;L /xg'ePsf] gcfpFb} sfFu; ]| leq pwf/f] k|wfgdGqL /fdrGb| kf}8]n olta]nf cf–cfˆgf] egfO/x]sf] 5 . sfFu;
]| dxflwj]zgsf] ptf /fdrGb| kf}8]n cfk"m ;+;bLo
8An'8An'hs ] f dWoklZrd ;+of]hs 5 . To:t} ;+3sf ;Nnfxsf/x¿df
lnnf zfxsf] cfltYodf ;DkGg e]nfn] kbsf] nflu h'xf/L rn]sf] 5 . tLg bnsf] g]tf ePsfn] j}wflgs ¿kdf
lqmofzLn kqsf/ dlxnfsf] ;+:yf bnaLr ePsf] tLg a'bF ] ;xdltnfO{ g]t[Tjsf] bfjL ug]{ clwsf/ cfk"mdf
dfrsf cWoIfdf lalj;L g]kfnL ;]jfdf 8An'8An' h] sf dWoklZrd ;+of]hs
sfo{/t a;'Gw/f uf}tdsf] cWoIftfdf nTofP/ sfFu; ]| Psnf}6L 9+un] ;/sf/ dfq ePsf] atfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ .
lnnf zfx / /]l8of] :ju{åf/Lsf ;'nf]rgf u7g k|lqmofdf nfu]sf] atfOG5 . o;/L ljeflht sfFu|];df csf]{ s]jL
lqmofzLn dlxnfx¿sf] lhNnf;+3 u7g uf} t d /xg' e Psf] 5 . cGo
u/]sf] xf] . ;ldltsf pkfWoIfdf p;n] jt{dfg k|wfgdGqLnfO{ hlta]nf u'?ªsf] v]df ;d]t b]vfkg{ yfn]sf]
;Nnfxsf/x¿nfO{ kl5 yk ul/g] eGof] Tolt g} a]nf kbaf6 lgsfNg ;|ft] n] atfPsf] 5 . casf] k|wfgdGqL
uf]/vfkqsf ;l/tf ;'jb] L cGgk'0f{ atfO{Psf] 5 . ;fy} e]nfn] c;f/sf]
/fli6«o b}lgssf r'df cfrfo{ ;lrjdf ;Sg] ePkl5 cfˆg} kf6L{sf] g]tT[ jdf s]jL u'?ª eGb} pQm v]dfn] h;/L
bf] > f] ;ftf b] p v' / Lsf] ndxLdf ;/sf/ u7g k|lqmofdf nfu]sf] xf] . klg s]jLnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfO5f8\g]
/fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldltsf s'Gtf e08f/L ;dfrf/df dlxnfsf] kx'r F ljifodf
;x;lrjdf u0ftGq /fli6«o b}lgssf sfFu; ]| leq cfufdL k|wfgdGqLsf] nflu c8fg /fVb} cfPsf 5g\ . sfFu|];leq
cGt/lqmof ug{ lhNnfdf lqmofzLn ;femf pDd]bjf/ ge]6k] l5 s]xL ;do b] l vPsf] g] t [ T j xfgfyfkn] ubf{
l/tf nfdf sf]iffWoIfdf /]l8of] O{Gb|0] fLsf dlxnf kqsf/x¿nfO{ ;b:otf ljt/0f
nf]sf ljZjsdf{ /xg'ePsf] 5 . oxL ;/sf/nfO{ sfdrnfpsf] ¿kdf jt{dfg k|wfgdGqLsf] cfo' nlDab}
ug{] lg0f{o klg u/]sf] 5 . h;sf nflu cufl8 a9fpg rfx]sf] ;|ft] n] atfPsf] uPsf] ljZn]ifsx¿n] atfPsf 5g\ .
;b:ox¿df /]l8of] O{Gb|0] fLsf k'hf zdf{, pkfWoIf r'df cfrfo{nfO{ lhDdf
;latf rf}w/L /]l8of] :ju{åf/Lsf dfof 5 . sfFu; ]| clxn] h;/L klg ;Qfsf] g]kfnL hgtfsf] gh/df lul/;s]sf]
lbO{Psf] 5 . g]tT[ j xTofpg] bfpdf b]lvG5 . p;n] sfFu; ]| / Pdfn]sf] g]tT[ jaf6 d'ns
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Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ c;kmn ePsf]
eGb} k|rf/ ug]{ / casf] g]tT[ j sfFu; ]| n]
lgsf; kfpgg;Sg] hghgsf] a'emfO
/x]sf] 5 . oL b'O{ kf6L{ leq b]lvPsf]
yfn]kl5 5fglagsf nflu cfPsf] bogLo /x]sf] eGb} o;}cg';f/sf] dfq ug{ ;Sg] k|rf/df nfu]sf] 5 . kIfdf u'6aGbL ug{ Jo:t b]lvG5g\ . ldlt glhlsFb} hfFbf g]tfx¿ cfˆgf] lvrftfgLn] cGttM dfcf]jfbLnfO{ g}
;+;b\sf] k|fs[lts ;|ft] ;fwg ;ldltn] ;'emfj ;/sf/nfO{ lbg] atfP .Ú clxn] sfFu|];leq b]lvPsf] ;Qfdf]x;Fu} d'n'ssf] d'Vo sfo{ef/ zflGt / kIfdf zlQm ;l~rt ug{ nfluk/]sf kmfObf k'Ug] lglZrt 5 . hgtfn]
u}+8f dg{'df cGt/f{li6«o ;~hfnsf] xfdL s]xL eGb}gf},+ dfq ;'emfj lnPsf kf6L{df v6k6 ;d]t ;'? ePsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg x'bF fx'bF } ;Qfdf]xnfO{ k|fyldstf 5g\ . 7Ls oxL ;dodf sfFu|];df ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn agfP/ k7fPsf]
xft /x]sf] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf] 5 . 5f}+ ;ldltsf Ps ;b:o tyf g]kfnL cfk"mnfO{ k|wfgdGqLsf] bfj]bf/ ug]{ lbg' b'Mvb kIf ePsf] hfgsf/x¿sf] ;Qfsf] g]tT[ jsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ ;d]t kf6L{sf] g]tT[ jdf ;/sf/ ag] dfq
5fglagsf] clGtd lbg lrtjgdf sfFu|];sf k|d'v ;r]ts nId0fk|;fb cg'xf/ sfFu|];df Pskl5 csf]{ u/L 7DofO{ /x]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] r/du'6aGbL ;'? ePsf] 5 . sfFu|]; d'n'sn] lgsf; kfpg] /fhgLlts
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hgfPsf] 5 s'/f ub}{ ;ldltsL Ps dg}{ glbg s] ug{k' 5{ eGg] lgisif{;lxt ef/tLo gful/s
;b:o hgss'df/L rfln;]n] klxnf] ;'emfj lbg]5f}+ . 6f]nLn] lrtjgsf
cGt/f{li6«o ;~hfn ;lqmo ePsf] / /fhgLlts bn, kqsf/, k|zf;lgs d[usf] 5fnf;lxt
bf];|f] sf/0f k'/fgf] P]gn] sfd ug{ lgsfosf k|d'v;Fu 5nkmn u/]sf] sf7df8f}F . kf6L{sf] efjL sfo{of]hgf ljb|f]xsf] jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ ;lsg] df]rf{nfO{ zlQmzfnL agfpg'kg]{ k|ltj]bg
/ ljutsf] cfGbf]ngsf] ;dLIff ug{ atfO/x]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf] hf/L k]; u/]sf lyP . To;kl5 g]tfx¿df kqmfp
g;s]sf] lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] hfgsf/L lyof] . o:t} 6f] n Ln] lrtjgsf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] Psjif]{ Dofb ykkl5 kf]ln6Jo"/f] a}7sdf ;/sf/df hfg] jf cWoIfsf] pQm wf/0ffk|lt 5nkmn rn]sf]
lbOg . P]g @)@( ;fnsf] 5 . pgn] l6sf}nLdf /x]sf] cv]6f]kxf/;d]t /fhwfgLdf dfcf]jfbLsf] kf]ln6Jo"/f] k|ltkIfd} a;]/ ;+u7g ;'b9[ Ls/0f u/]/ 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] sfFu; ]| , Pdfn] ;xdtLo s~rgk'/ . lhNnf jg sfof{no
o;}cg';f/sf] ;'emfj lbg] atfOg . lg/LIf0f u/] 6f]nL /fhwfgL kms{G5 . a}7s rln/x]sf] 5 . cfˆgf] g]t[Tjsf] cufl8 a9\g] eGg] b'O{ y/L ljrf/ cfPsf k|lqmof eGbf ax'dtLo k|lqmofdf cufl8 / z' S nfkmfF 6 jGohGt' cf/If
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u/L slkna:t'sf] rGb|f}6f la/k'/df Joj:yfks dx]Gb| /fjnn] hfgsf/L x'Fb} uPkl5 ;/sf/df hfg] ls k|ltkIfd} kf6L{nfO{ ;'b9[ kf/]/ ;8s / ;bgsf] ;fu/ kGt hfgsf/L lbg' e of] . eLdgu/
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/ vfgaf6 / df}lns xssf] k|of]uaf6
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x6\b} kf] 5 Û cGtl/d ;+ljwfg ;d]t k|zf;lgs O{sfO{ /fHo, clwsf/df
;DkfbsLo u'Dg] vt/f a9\b} 5 . g]kfnL ;dfhsf]
h]naf6 d'Qm x'g dfcf]jfbLsf] Ph]08f
:jLsf/ u/]sf lyP . o;}u/L jiff}{;Dd
pgLx¿ dfcf]jfbL e'mSofpg] cR5f
pkfPsf] ¿kdf ;/sf/ g5f]8\g' b]v] . ;fdGt–gf]s/zfxL k"h F Lklt ju{ / bnfn
agf] 6 nfO{ ;Daf] w g u/] s f] wd{ cfGbf]ng, alnbfgL clg ;Demf}tfdf ax' d tLodf !@# l;6 /x] s f] k"h
F Lklt ju{sf] clwsf/ s6f}lt ug{ gkg]{
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e"ld;'wf/ h:tf ljifox¿sf lj?4df
;Daf]wg u/]sf] h]xfb 5]8\g] sfdsf]
cfk"m ;Qfdf hfg] /f]uaf6 ;tfOPsf
hgtfn] kl5Nnf] cfGbf]ngdf ;dy{g
qmflGtsf/Lx¿ xfnsf] P=dfcf] j fbL
/xg'n] g}ltstfsf] cfwf/df ;/sf/
jt{dfgs} cj:yf / Gofofno ;d]t
:jtGqtfsf] gfddf pTkLl8t ju{sf]
kx'Fr aflx/ /fVg] u/L cufl8 ;/] .
u/] kl5 s;d vfP/ hgtfnfO{ 5f]8g\ k' g]{ bafa / csf]l{ t/ ;/sf/ 9fNg
ut h]7 !$ ut] b]z / hgtfdfly cfOnfUg ;' ? jft cGtl/d ;+ l jwfg lgdf{ t f e'mSofpg] 7x/ u/]sf]n] gofF ;+ljwfg ;xdtLo Joj:yfn] cfˆgf] ;Qf hasL g]kfnL hgtfn] ;+3if{ u/]s} sf/0f
kf6L{x¿af6} ePsf] 5 . log} ljifosf] kl/jt{gsf] nflu xf] .
nfu]sf] ;+s6nfO{ ;a} /fhgLlts bnn] ;'ema'em csf]{ lt/ ;+ljwfg n]Vg ;dosf]
lgdf{0fdf ;dy{g u/]sf lyP .
ha cfGbf] n g ;kmn eof]
l;Wofpg] / cfˆgf] ju{sf] l:ylt gfh's
x'g] b]v]kl5 pkfosf ¿kdf ax'dtLo cfd" n kl/jt{ g u/L hgtfsf]
cefj eGb} cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf 6]s]/ hLjg:t/ psf:g'kg]{ k|lta4tf u/L
u/L /f]s] h:t} k'gM Psk6s To; avt ePsf] b'O{ jif{sf] ;§f tLgjif{ agfP/ Ps jif{
pgLx¿sf] ;d] t ;Qf k| f Kt eof]
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k|0ffnLdf hfg] c8fg /fv] . ;/sf/
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;xdltnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ;a} bnx¿ Psh'6 :jt Dofb a9fOPsf] klg 5 . gofF
;+ljwfg grfxg] kZrufdL ;/sf/n]
k'Uof], pgLx¿sf] sk6L cfTdf k]ml/
;Nanfpg yfNof] . zflGt k|lqmofsf]
ax' d tLo k| 0 ffnLdf hfg' k g] { c8fg
sfFu|]; / p;sf] !# lbg] efO Pdfn]n]
jfrfsf] nuf}6L nufP/ ;/sf/ 9fNg]
/ agfpg] k' / fg} v] n df nfu] k l5
x'gk} 5{ . ;/sf/n] /fhgLlts Odgbf/Ltfsf] kfngf gofF ;+ l jwfgsf xsbf/ zlQmnfO{
;+ljwfg gaGgsf] bf]if yf]kg{ c:qsf]
pb\3f6g kl5 c;f/ dlxgfdf a;]sf] /fv]kl5 l:yltn] pN6f] df]8 lnof] . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f cfsf;sf] kmn x'g
k'Uof] . t}klg Dofb Ps jif{ ylkPsf]
dfcf] j fbL–;ftbn a} 7 sn] zflGt Tof] k|:tfj pgLx¿n] o:tf] cj:yfdf
ub}{ To;avt ePsf] ;xdltsf] kfngf ug{' kb5{ . ¿kdf NofOPsf] eP klg hflga'lem
;dy{g u/]/ Dofb yKg] ;dy{g eof] .
:yfkgfsf] cfwf/ tof/ kfg] { s] x L NofP ls h]i7 !% ut] cyf{t\ klxnf] 5 . :kli6s/0f s] 5 eg] ;do cefj
eof] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf ;do cefj
dxTjk"0f{ / P]ltxfl;s lg0f{o / ;xdlt a}7saf6 u0ftGq sfof{Gjog x'g] lbg
jt{dfg ;/sf/sf sf/0f b]z k6s–k6s åGåsf] of] Dofb dWoo' l ug Psxb;Dd u¥of] . * a'Fbfsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] pQm klv{a;]sf hgtfn] jf l;+uf] d'n'sn] xf] O g OdfGbf/Ltf lhDd] j f/L,
bf;o'usf] r]tgf ePsf -ef/tLo bf;_ st{Joaf]w / :kL/L6sf] cefjn] ubf{
d'vdf k'lu;s]s]f 5 t/ PsLs[t g]skf k|ltlqmofjfbLn] bf]if yf]kg{ / ;+ljwfg
;Demf}tsf] @$ 306f glaTb} ef/tLo
eQmx¿n] lj/f]w u/]/ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{
x]l//x]sf] a]nfdf . u0ftGq sfof{Gjogsf]
k|:tfjsf] kIfdf dtbfg ug{ gofF pdË ;+ l jwfg ag] g . vf; u/L d' 4 fdf
gagfpg] if8oGqsf] nflu yKg vf]h]sf] ;xdlt x'g ;s]g . k'/fgf ;+;bLo
dfcf]jfbLsf] ;'ema'em b]z / hgtfk|ltsf] eP klg qmflGtsf/Lx¿n] hgtfn] k|i6
em:sfPsf lyP . zflGt :yfkgf / gofF
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f gug]{ if8oGqsf] klg
af]s]/ cfPsf ;ef;b\x¿ a}7s ;'?
x'g] ;dosf] kvf{Odf lyP . a}7s sIfsf] kf6L{ x ¿sf] oyfl:yltsf ljifo /
bfloTjaf]wsf] sf/0fn] dfq clxn] zflGt k|lqmof b]Vg] u/L ;+ljwfg agfpg] k|lta4tf
u/fP/ Ps jif]{ sfo{sfn yKg ;dy{g
* a'Fb] ;xdltsf] lj/f]w u/]/ pb\3f6g
ul/of] . ef/tLo /fhb" t sf] vlKs
csf{k§Lsf] sf]0fdf 7"nf] if8oGqsf
tfgfafgf a' l gF b } lyP . dfcf] j fbL
dfcf]jfbLn] p7fPsf /fli6«o cfjZotf
d'2fsf] aLrsf] ;+3if{n] ;do ;dfKt
oxfF;Dd cfOk'us ] f] k|To]s g]kfnLn] cg'el" t u/]sf] hgfP .
cflv/ lsg eof] gofF ;+ljwfg
;lxtsf] * a'Fbfsf] JofVof kl5 To;sf] ax'dtLo k|0ffnLdf ;xdt geP;Dd ePsf] xf] . kl/l:ylt cu| u dg /
kl/jt{glt/ uO/x]sf] b]v]kl5 ;do
w"jfFwf/ lj/f]wdf plqP . Tof] lj/f]wn] u0ftGqsf] sfof{ G jogdf ghfg] /
ljifo xf] . ;/sf/n] ljutdf PsLs[t g]skf lgdf{0fdf ;do cefj s] b'O{ jif{
cyf{t\ #^% lbgsf] 5f]6f] xf] < -&#)
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/fli6«o :jflwgtf lj/f]wLx¿nfO{ a6'n]/
;f/] g sltko ljifonfO{ 5nkmn x'Fb} lyof] .
dfcf]jfbL;Fu u/]sf ;xdlt / ;Demf}tfx¿ k6s– lbgdf #^% lbg g]kfnL dfG5] ;'T5_
cGtl/d ;+ljwfg # dlxgfd} tof/
clglZrttftk{m 3r]6\of] . pgLx¿sf ;/sf/df hfg] jf ghfg]eGbf klg ;/sf/ agfOof] To;sf/0f ;+ljwfg
ag]g .
lqmofsnfkn] eml:sPsf] g] k fnL cfˆgf] 7"nf] alnbfgLaf6 k|fKt ePsf]
k6s pNn+3g u/]sf] 5 . PsLs[t g]skf eof] . To:t} lxhf] /fhtGqfTds hgtfnfO{ ljifosf] ufDeLo{ t fsf] u0ftGq hf] g] k fnL hgtfsf] jiff} { F hxfF;Dd ylkPsf] Dofbsf] s'/f 5,
;+ljwfg klg tLg dlxgfd} tof/ x'Gy] . clxn] ; Ddsf 5nkmnsf] :6fOn /
dfcf]jfbLn] ljut Ps jif{ cl3b]lv cl3;f/]sf] g]kfnsf] gofF ;+ljwfg u0ftflGqs /
hfgsf/L u/fpg dfcf]jfbL ;/sf/af6
kl5 x6\b}g .
k| l tIffsf] ljifo lyof] . To;nfO{
sfof{Gjog d'Vo ljifo dfcf]jfbLsf] pb08tfk" 0 f{ cleJolQmn] ca klg
Tof] klg ;+3Lo tyf ;dfg'kflts– ;+ljwfg aGg] ;Defjgf 5}g . ;+ljwfg
/fli6«o :jflwgtf / gful/s ;jf]R{ rtfsf] ljifonfO{ ;dfj]zL agfOg' kg]{ x'gfn] dflg;
;+ l jwfg;ef lgjf{ r g ldlt
;'lglZrttf ;fy} ;+;b\af6 u0ftGqsf]
aGg k'Uof] . 7"nf] dt lbP/ u0ftGq
sfof{Gjog / gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] agfpgs} nflu Dofb ylkPsf] ef]lnkN6
;/sf/n] j]jf:tf v]nforL ul//x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] lqmofzLn /xg] cj:yfsf] lx;fa ;lxt
b'O{ jif{ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . tf]lsPsf]
3f]if0ffsf] dfu ub}{ ;/sf/af6 kl5
x6]sf] dfcf]jfbLn] if8oGqsf] e08fkmf]/
nflu hgtfn] k7fPsf] kf6L{n] axg
ug'{kg]{ lhDd]jf/L cg';f/ dfcf]jfbL /
b]lv To;}sf lj?4 hfne]mn / if8oGq
ug{ yfn] . # a'bF fdf JoQm k|lta4tf
o; sfo{n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn eP/ ;dodf ;+ljwfg agfpg ;lsPg Tof]
;do cefjdf xf] eGg] ljifodf
ub}{ hgtfnfO{ ;hu /xg cfXjfg o;sf] g]t[Tjn] klxnf] sfo{ u0ftGq sfof{Gjog u/L ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf]
;dotflnsf cfpnf eGg] a] n fdf
u¥of] . cfˆgf] 5'6]sf] ju{nfO{ ;fd]n sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu ax'dtLodf
klg k|ltkIfdf a;L zflGt / ;+ljwfg;efsf nflu ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ klg ljZjf;
nfUb}g .
gu/fO{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ s]xL ug{ g;lsg] ;xdlt hgfpF b } ;+ l jwfg ;+ z f] w g dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lgz:q eO{ cfTd;k{0f
ug'{kg]{ 3l6of ljrf/ cfPkl5 cfd
ePkl5 p;n] /fv]sf] k|:tfj :jLsfg's { f] eof] . Tof] ;xdlt kl5 u0ftGqsf]
dl/xQ] u/]sf] PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ si6 jf:tljs s'/f t of] xf] ls sfFu|]; ljsNk lyPg . / ;+ljwfg;ef r'gfjsf] sfof{ G jogsf] 3f] i f0ff eof] . t/ hg;d'bfon] k|i6 a'‰g'kg]{ eof] ls Dofb
/ To;sf] k'R5/ Pdfn] g} ;+ljwfg yKg'sf] sf/0f ;+ljwfg agfpg xf]Og
t'NofPsf] 5 eg] g]kfnL hgtfsf] Tofu / lgd{ 0 fsf afws x' g . pgLx¿nfO{
ldlt 7f]; / u0ftGqsf] nflu dtbfg
u/fOof] . hgtGqsf] kIfn] ax'dt k|fKt
;/sf/af6 kl5 x6\g] l:ylt ag]g .
cfˆgf] k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfsf] cl:tTj if8oGq ug]{ Dofb ylkPsf] xf] . ctM oL
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f eGbf klg lxhf]sf] if8oGqsf/L kZrufdL, k|ltlqmofjfbL /
jlnbfgaf6 k|fKt u0ftGqnfO{ ;'b9[ x'gaf6 /f]ss ] f] /fhf;lxt eP/ u/]sf] bdgsf afah'b
u/]kl5 l56} gflËg] 8/n] c¿x¿ klg
cf–cfˆgf] gLltdf u0ftGq yKg afWo
arfPsf] l5b| vf] h ' G h] n /fhLgfdf
cfPg . j}b]lzs dflnsx¿sf] a'l4n] k|ltudgsf/L zlQm / if8oGqsf lj?4
5 . lg/+sz ' /fhtGq 9fNg dfcf]jfbL;Fu n8]sf klg dfcf] j fbLnfO{ k/f:t ug{
g;lsPsf]n] zflGt k|lqmofdf k'u]/
eP . To;sf] ;fy} ;+ l jwfg;efsf]
klxnf] a}7saf6 u0ftGqsf] sfof{Gjog
pgLx¿sf] n'6sf] :ju{ ;'/Iffsf] Uof/]G6L
ePkl5 $ dlxgfkl5 ;/sf/ 5f]l8of] .
7"nf] ;+3if{sf] tof/L cfjZos k5{ ls <
-n]vs PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf
;+;bjfbL bnx¿ cfh lsg zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf ;dfKt kfg]{ / abnf lng] cj:yf ug]{ ;dy{g hgfP . $ dlxgfsf] lg/Gt/ ;+ 3 if{ / s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+ ;ef;b x'g'x'G5 ._

vflt/ Ps eP/ PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{

;fy lbg lxrlsrfO /x]sf 5g\ . s] pgLx¿
/fhtGqn] cfˆgf] ;'gj' fO{ gu/]kl5 dfcf]jfbLsf]
;~rf/sdL{s} sf/0f d'n's ljv08gtk{m
;' / Iff 7fs' / kl/nlIft u/]sf] ;dfhsf] af/]df d ;d:ofnfO{ :yfg lbg] pbf/tf yf]/} dfq xsdf s'g} ;sf/fTds kxn gePsf]
dw]zLljxLg u0ftGqsf] :yfkgfn] klg cleJoQm u/]sf] 5 . ;~rf/sdL{ jf ;~rf/ ;+:yfn] ug]{ u/]sf s'/f ;j{ljlbt} 5 .
z/0fdf k'us ] f x'g\ < xf]Og eg] lxhf] lg/+sz ' d'ns' u[xo'4sf] rk]6fdf k'Ub}5 . eflifs
;dfj] z L / Jojxfl/s ;fDk| b flos
;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgx¿af6 xfd|f]
;+ljwfgn] zf]if0f /lxt Pstfd"ns
5g\ . hg;+Vofsf lx;fjn] cfwf eGbf
a9L :yfg cf]u6]sf dw]zL ;d'bfonfO{
jt{dfg ;/sf/n] ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf
kqsf/sf] lgo'lQm ubf{ klg dw]zL
/fhtGqsf] cGTo ug{ sfFwdf sfFw ldnfPsf] gLltn] kxf8L–dw]zLaLrsf] vf8n emg\
a9\b} uPsf] 5 . dw]zL ;d'bfosf]
;dfhsf] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] 5 . t/
u0ftflGqs g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] @ jif{
;~rf/ If]qn] oyf]lrt :yfg lbg ;s]sf]
5}g .
kqsf/ nfeflGjt gePsf] hfgsf/L
u/fpg rfxG5' . ;~rf/df dw]zL blnt
PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cfh lsg PSNofpg] hg;+Vof @))!sf] hgu0fgf cg';f/ lalt;Sbf klg /fi6«sf] ljt/0f k|0ffnLdf kqsf/ ;+3–;+:yfx¿df / kqsf/ / hghfltsf] ;d:of / pkl:ylt
#! k| l tzt lyof] . dw] z sf] @) jf ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{ qmddf xf];\ ;a} pTkfbg ug]{ ;+:yfx¿df dw]zLsf] ;+Vof plrt tj/n] gePsf] sf/0faf6 klg
k|of; x'bF 5} < zflGt, ;+ljwfg / kl/jt{gsf] Bf]ts lhNnfsf] hg;+Vof x]g]{ xf] eg] ^& kIfnfO{ ;d]6g\ g;s]sf] jf:tljstfnfO{ z"Gosf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5 . pgLx¿sf] sltko of]Uo g]t[Tj ug{ ;Sg] o'jf
xfdLn] :jLsfg} { k5{ . /fhgLlts ;dfrf/ k|foM lelq k]hdf v'lDrP/ /x]sf] zlQm d'ns ' lj?4 ljv08gsf] /fhgLltdf
ag]sf] PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLnfO{ PSNofpg] / sd k|ltzt dw]zL / ## k|ltzt kxf8L
;d'bfo k5{ . @) lhNnf dWo] dw]zn] kf6L{x¿sf] k|ToIf / ck|ToIf ;xof]udf kfOG5 eg] ljrf/ k|wfg n]vx¿ lgs} nfuL k/]sf 5g\ . ;fDk|bflos g]tfx¿n]
cfFSg] jt{dfg ;Qf 36ssf] v]n, b]znfO{ !& k| l tzt blIf0ftkm{ s f] If] q kmn
cf] u 6] s f] 5 . olt dfq geO{ ^%
;~rflnt kqsfl/tfn] jf:tljstf eGbf
k|fof]lht ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f ug'{ s'g}
sd cfPsf] b]lvG5 . cfh klg /fhgLlts
kf6L{åf/f k|sflzt c3f]lift d'vkq h:tf
rnv]n ug]{ df}sf kfPsf 5g\ . To;}n]
d'n'snfO{ ;a}sf] ;femf agfpg] xf] eg]
b'3{6gflt/ n}hfg] k|k~r xf] eGg] a'emfO{ k|ltzt eGbf a9L cfGtl/s pTkfbg gf}nf] ljifo xf]Og . t/ cfˆgf] kf6L{sf]
dfq} /fd|f]–/fd|f] kIfsf] jsfnt ug'{
sltko kq–klqsfx¿n] s' g } klg
cj:yfdf hftLo pTkLl8tsf jf:tljs
;~rf/sdL{ yk bfloTjsf ;fy
nfUg' k 5{ . jt{ d fg ;/sf/n] klg
ub{5 / &* k|ltzt g]kfnsf] /fhZjdf
gful/sdf /x]sf] 5 . ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 . o;n] s] ;fljt u5{ lrGtfsf] ljifo kSs} xf] . cem d'2fx¿nfO{ :yfg lbg v'nf x[bon] ;j{ k | y d ;~rf/ hutleq /x] s f]
eg] g]kfnsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] bftf eg]sf] ;+j]bgzLn ljifo t o:tf kqsfl/tfn] rfx]sf 5}gg\ . ;~rf/ hutn] oL ;+/rgfTds sdL sdhf]/L x6fpg
b]znfO{ åGådf gw]sn ] L, ;xdlt / ;xsfo{sf dw]z xf] . dw]z g]kfnsf] cGg e08f/ cGo kf6L{ x ¿sf] v] b f] vGg afF s L pTkLl8t ;d'bfosf kqsf/x¿nfO{ g ;Sg'k5{ . of]Uo / ;Ifd gofF k':tfnfO{
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nflu k|ltj4 x'bF } ;/sf/n] t'?Gt /fhgLlts ult/f]w / d]?b08 xf] . t/ ;/sf/sf] dw]z /
dw]zLk|ltsf] x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f e]befjk"0f{ u/]klg ;du|df eGg'kbf{ hgtfnfO{ ¿kdf g t ;dfrf/ jf ;DkfbsLo e] b efjsf] /fhgLlt ug] { t km{ /f] s
x6fpg} k5{ . ljut bz jif]{ hgo'4 / !( lbg] /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . dw]zL / kxf8Lsf]
aLrdf cNem] / /x] s f] 5 b] z sf]
lbzfe|ldt kfg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . o:tf]
kqsfl/tfn] d'n'snfO{ slxn] cufl8
dfkm{t g}, a¿ o:tf jf:tljs d'2f
p7fpg] n] v sx¿nfO{ ;fDk| b flos
nufpg'k5{ . olb g]kfn ;a}sf] ;femf
agfpg] xf] eg] kqsfl/tfdf If]q /
P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngaf6 k|fKt u0ftGqnfO{ /fhgLlts cj:yf . a9\g lbFb}g / kmn:j¿k slxn] gofF
;f]r
+ jf sfo{zn } Lsf] ljsf; x'bF g} . aflx/
n]vssf] ¿kdf luHofpF5g\ .
b]zsf] cfwf eGbf a9L hg;+Vof
;d"xsf ;lx tl:j/ k|:t't x'g'kb{5, g
ls k|fof]lht .
dw]zsf] ;d:of dw]zLsf] dfq
;+:yfut ug}k{ 5{ . hgtfsf] zflGt, ;+ljwfg / ;d:of xf]Og . ToxfF a;f]af; ug]{ cfpg' kg]{ s'/f aflx/ cfpg ;Sb}g / /x] s f] dw] z L ;d' b foaf6 z" G osf] ;xeflutfd"ns g]kfnL ;+rf/sf]
kxf8Ld"nsf dflg;x¿sf] klg ;femf d'ns' cGwsf/tkm{ hfG5 . /fHosf] rf}yf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5g\ eg] dw]zL dlxnfsf] ;f]+rnfO{ jf:tljstfdf kl/0ft ug{
cu|udgsf] dfunfO{ s;}n] klg j]jf:tf ug{ kfOFbg} . ;d:of xf], l;+uf] /fi6«sf] ;d:of xf] . c+usf] ¿kdf /x]sf] -kqsfl/tf_ ;~rf/ cj:yf t emg} bogLo /x]5 . oL l9nf] e} /x]sf] 5 . dw]zL kqsf/x¿nfO{
dfWod g} ha kf6L{ut ¿kdf d'vkqdf ;/sf/L lgsfoleq sfo{qmdsf] / dfgj cf/If0f x}g cj;/ rflxPsf] 5 . gq
;Qf / eQfsf] df]xdf nfu]/ b]z / hgtfdfly To;}n] dw]z jf dw]zLsf] ;Daf]wg
gu/Lsg :j0fL{d g]kfnsf] ;f]r + n] k"0f{tf kl/0ft x' g yfNof] eg] Gofof] l rt ;+zf]wgleq oL pTkLl8t ju{sf] s'/f d'n'sdf v;jfbLn] ubf{ dw]z ;Fw}
u2f/L ug{ kfOFbg} . t;y{ hgcfjfhnfO{ sb/ ub}{ kfpg sbflk ;Sb}g . cyf{t\ t]/f] /
d]/f] eGg] ;fDk|bflos efjgf eGbf dfly
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f s;/L ug]{ <
dw] z sf] jf:tljs ;d:ofnfO{
ug'{ ;j{yf Joy{ x'g] /x]5 . casf]
;/sf/n] o:tf ;+jb] gzLn ljifodf kSs}
cGof] n df kg] { 5 / dw] z Lsf kL8f
3/3/d} ;Lldt /xg] 5 / b] z
zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf nflu jt{dfg ;/sf/n] tTsfn p7]/ xfd|f] eGg] dgf]efjgf Nofpg ;dfrf/, n]v, ;DkfbsLo cyjf cGo
s'g} dfWodaf6 ax;df n}hfg] bfloTj
Wofg k'¥ofpg'k5{ . ;/sf/L lgsfodf
dw]zL kqsf/sf] pkl:yltsf] z"Gotf /
ljv08gtkm{ hfb}g eg]/ s;}n] eGg
;Sb}g . u0ftflGqs d'n'sdf dw]z;Fu
;d:ofnfO{ w/ftnLo oyfy{tfdf /fv]/
/fhLgfdf lbg}k5{ of] cfd g]kfnLsf] cfjfh ;dosf] jf:tljstf / ;Totfsf] cfwf/df ;~rf/ hutsf] klg 5 . h'g slxNo} o;af6 kg{;Sg] k|efj af/] dfggLo ul/g] e]befjn] ;+3Lotf jf u0ftGqnfO{
ljZn]if0f tyf lg/fs/0f ug'k{ g]{ b]lvG5 . klg oyf]lrt lx;fjdf ePg . x'g t ;+rf/dGqL Ho"nfO{ bh{gf}+ kN6 lnlvt alnof] agfpg sbflk ;lsFb}g .
dfu / cfhsf] cfjZostf klg xf] . g] k fnsf] ;+ l jwfgsf] k| : tfjgfn] cfh klg dw]z / dw]zLsf] jf:tljs df}lvs ¿kdf ;"lrt ubf{ klg dw]zLsf] – dw]z bk0f{af6
@)^& ;fn c;f/ ^ ut] cfOtaf/ ˆ3

k]ml/ dfwj g]kfn k|sl[ tsf]

;/sf/ agfpg vf]lh“b}5
;xdltsf] ;/sf/ galg csf]{ s7k'tnL ;/sf/ aG5 eg] To;nfO{ xfd|f] s'g}
klg ;kf]6{ x'“b}g .

of]u7aGwgn]ug]{s'g}klglg0f{odfxfd|f]kf6L{sf];xdlt5}g .tfgfzfxL¿kdf
lg0f{oub}{u7aGwgcufl8al9/x]sf]5 .
jfOl;Pn h' g cw{ ; } G o ;+ / rgf d} 5} g To;nfO{ cw{ ; } G o ;+ / rgf
sf] cfk" m n] cw{ ; } G o ;+ / rgf v8f ug] { if8oGq
eg] / sfF u | ] ; Pdfn] sf]
clxn] cfP/ k| i 6 ePsf] 5 .

;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL rGb|ks ] ‘uf}/j’ ;lrj, PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL

| fz uh'/n
) ca t k f O{ + xx¿ ¿ ;/sf/d f gfl3;Sof] ce} m sfof{ G jog ljifodf tkfO{+ s] eGg'x'G5 < >[Înf lj?4 xfdL ;zQm 9+un] 7"nf] bnsf] ¿kdf g]kfnL hgtfn]
hfg'x'G5 ls k|ltkIfd} a;]/ ePsf] 5} g , o; ljifodf k|wfgdGqLn] ca lbg] /fhLgfdf cfGbf]ng rsf{P/ cufl8 a9\5f}F . dfcf]jfbL kf6L{nfO{ ljhoL u/fof] .
) hf/L kf] l n6Jo" / f] a} 7 ssf] zflGt / ;+ l jwfg lgdf{ 0 fsf] kf] l n6Jo" / f] a} 7 sdf s:tf] ;xdltsf] /fhLgfdf xf] eGg], dfGg xfd| f ] kf6L{ kf] l n6Ao" / f] a} 7 ssf] kl/jtgzLn zlQm ePs} sf/0f
af/]df s] xL atfOlbg'; g\ < k|k | l qmofnfO { lgZsif { d f 5nkmn rln/x] s f] 5 < xfdL tof/ 5}gf}F . sfFu; ]| Pdfn]nufot Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ Ph]G8f sfo{stf{sf] hgtfn] xfdLnfO{ ljhoL u/fPsf] xf] .
xfd|f] kf]ln6Jo"/f]sf] a}7s ljutdf k' ¥ ofpg' x' G 5 < tLg a'Fb] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog bz bnsf] h'g u7aGwg ag]sf] 5 ;'/Iff klg xf] . xfdL g]tf tyf t/ oxfF s f s] x L oyfl:yltjfbL
ePsf lg0f{ox¿sf] ;ldIff ub}{ efjL ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j ug]{ g}lts cfwf/ gu/] / sfF u | ] ; Pdfn] n ] 7" n f] To;n] u/]sf ljleGg vfn] lg0f{osf sfo{stf{sf] ;'/Iffk|lt ;+j]bgzLn zlQmx¿n] ljb]zL zlQmsf] cf8df
sfo{of]hgf agfpg s]lGb|t ePsf] 5 . xfd| f ] kf6L{ ; F u dfq 5 . xfdL ljZjf;3ft u/]sf 5g\ . k|wfgdGqLsf] sf/0f clxn] ;a} jftf{x¿ cj?4 5f}F . kf6L{n] sfo{stf{nfO{ ;+/If0f g] k fnL hgtfsf] kl/jt{ g k| l tsf]
jt{ d fg ;d;fdlos /fhgLlts ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn /fhLgfdf kfFr lbgdf NofOlbg] eGg] ePsf 5g\ . bz bnsf] u7aGwg u/]g eGg] s'/f ;fFrf] xf]Og . kf6L{ rfxgfnfO{ /f]Sg] s'r]i6f u/]sf 5g\ .
ljifodf kf6L{sf] cflwsfl/s wf/0ff x'g'sf] x}l;otn] ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj clg sfd gug]{ sfFu|];–Pdfn]sf] of] clxn] dfcf]jfbL lj?4sf] u7aGwgsf] g]tfb]lv sfo{stf{;Ddsf] ;'/Iffk|lt kl/jt{gnfO{ /f]Sg rfxg] zlQmsf]
agfpg a}7s hf/L 5 . xfdLn] ug{ kfpg'k5{ . of] xfd|f] plrt 7"nf] a]Odflg xf] . ljZjf;3ft / ¿kdf cufl8 cfPsf 5g\ . of] lrlGtt 5 . lj?4 k]ml/ Psk6s ;+3if{nfO{ cufl8
) tkfO{ + n ] kf6L{ s f] cflwsf/Ls bfjL xf] . ;+ljwfg;ef xfd|f] Ph]08f a]OdfgLs} sf/0f sfFu|];–Pdfn];Fu u7aGwgn] ug]{ s'g} klg lg0f{odf xfd|f] ) cGTodf cfd g]kfnL a9fpg clgjfo{ ePsf] 5, To;afx]s
wf/0ff aflx/ cfpg] t eGg' ePsfn] ;+ljwfg;efdfk{mt\ ;+ljwfg cf}krfl/s jftf{ ;d]t x'g g;s]sf] kf6L{sf] ;xdlt 5}g . tfgfzfxL ¿kdf ;d' b fonfO{ s] eGg rfxg' ljsNk c¿ s]xL 5}g . To;sf] nflu
eof] t/ a}7sdf g]tfx¿ aLr agfpg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf ;/sf/n] xf] . lg0f{o ub}{ u7aGwg cufl8 al9/x]sf] x' G 5 < xfd|f] kf6L{ x/xd];f g]tT[ j lbg tof/
g] t [ T jsf] ljifodf uDeL/ v]Ng] x'Fbf ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj xfdLn] g} ) tkfO+ { x ¿n] ;/sf/sf] g] t [ T j 5. ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf ;a}eGbf 5 eGg rfxG5' .
cGt/lj/f]w rn]sf] 5 elgG5 ug{ kfpg'k5{ . t/ sfFu|];, Pdfn] / ug{ kfpg' k g] { bfjL ul//x] s f] ) ca, tkfO{ + x ¿ s;/L cufl8
pgLx¿nfO{ kl/rflnt ul//x]sf] a9\ g ' x ' G 5 <
lg <
aflx/ k| r f/ u/] h :tf] xfd| f ] ljb]zL zlQmx¿n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ s'g}
a] n f sfF u | ] ; n] casf]
k| w fgdGqL cfˆgf] kf6L{ n ] xfd|f] klxnf] k|fyldstf ;xdltsf] xfd|f] kf6L{leq g]tT[ jsf] ljifodf
klg xfntdf g]t[Tjdf cfpg glbg] /fli6«o ;/sf/ agfpg] g} x'G5 .
kf6L{leq cGt/åGå rn]sf] ;fFrf]
xf]Og . xfd|f] kf6L{leq g]t[Tjsf] 3]/faGbL u/]sf 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf
kfpg' k g] { eGb} u[ x sfo{ d f
nfu] s f] b] l vG5 lg, o;
;xdltsf] ;/sf/ lgd{0f x'g ;Sof] 7"nf] ljjfb 5 eg]/ h'g k|rf/aflx/
;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j ug{' slt Jofjxfl/s eg] zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmof
ljifodf 7"nf] ljjfb 5 eg]/ h'g
k|rf/aflx/ cfO/x]sf] lyof] Tof] e'm6 x'G5 Tof] t ca xfdLn] x]b}{ hfg] s'/f
ljifodf s] eGg' x ' G 5 < ;xh 9+un] cufl8 a9\5 . olb of] cfO/x]sf] lyof] Tof] e'm6 /x]5 eGg]
sfFu; ]| , Pdfn]leq ca k|wfgdGqL u7aGwg dfcf]jfbL lj?4 n8\g ag]sf]
/x]5 eGg] k'li6 eO;s]sf] 5 . xfd|f] xf] k'li6 eO;s]sf] 5 . xfd|f] kf6L{df
sf] aGg] eGg] ljifodf lvrnf] a9]sf] xf] eg] d'n's ;xdlttk{m hfFb}g
kf6L{df ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tjsf] ljifodf ) k| d ' v tLg bnaLr tLga' F b ] s' / f ;fF r f] xf] . sfF u | ] ; –Pdfn] d'7e]8tk{m hfG5 . jt{dfg bz bnsf]
Pp6} dt 5 . ;xdlt ePsf] klg tLg ;ftf ;xdltsf] /fli6«o ;/sf/ agfpg] u7aGwg dfcf]jfbL lj?4 n8\gsf] ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ jsf] ljifodf Pp6}
kIfdf 5}gg\ . k]ml/ csf]{ dfwj g]kfn nflu ag]sf] k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 .
k|s[ltsf] ;/sf/ agfpg vf]lhFb}5 . ) tkfO{+x¿ g} zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf
dt 5 .
sf“u|;
] –Pdfn] ;xdltsf] /fli6«o To;df ;xdlt x'g] s'/} ePg .
) eg] k l5 ;xdltdf /fli6« o
nflu afws aGg ' eof]
;/sf/ agfpg] kIfdf 5}gg\ . k]ml/ ;/sf/ aGg] xf] eg] tkfO{+x¿
jfOl;Pn / hg; ] g fsf ]
ljifodf k| i 6 wf/0ff /fVg
csf]{ dfwj g]kfn k|sl[ tsf]
s} g] t [ T jdf aGg' k 5{ <
xf], xfdL ;a}eGbf 7"nf] kf6L{ x'gs
' f]
;Sg' e Pg eGg] cf/f] k 5 xfdL ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn
lg <
;/sf/ agfpg vf]lh“b}5 . To;df
gftfn] xfdL g]t[Tjsf] bfjL u5f{} .
;xdltsf] ;/sf/ agfpg] xf] eg] xfd|f] jfOl;Pn / hg;]gf k|lt x'gs
' f] x}l;otn] ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j xfdLn]
:ki6 wf/0ff 5 . xfdLn] slxNo} klg
;xdlt x'g] s'/} ePg .
dfcf] j fbLs} g] t [ T jdf x' g ' k 5{ .
;a} k | s f/sf g} l tstf / c:ki6 wf/0ff /fv]s} 5}g . sfFu|];– ug{ kfpg'k5{ . of] xfd|f] plrt bfjL xf] .
Pdfn]n] rfx] s} h:tf] t xfdLn]
;Defjgfx¿nfO{ tf]8]/ cufl8 a9\g]
xf] eg] t h;sf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ ulb{Pgf}F . klxn] pgLx¿ jfOl;Pnsf] ;+ljwfg;ef xfd|f] Ph]08f ePsfn]
cw{;}Go ;+/rgf eGy] clxn] sfFu|];
;xdltsf] ;/sf/ agfpg] xf]
ag]klg xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ dtna 5}g .
) ;/sf/ jif] { ] clwj] z gtk{ m cfk}Fmn] t?0f b:tf agfpg] 3f]if0ff ;+ljwfg;efdfk{mt\ ;+ljwfg agfpg
u/]sf] 5 eg] Pdfn]sf] t o'ykmf];{
eg] dfcf]jfbLs} g]tT[ jdf x'gk' 5{ . nfu]sf] 5, tkfO{+x¿sf] ;xdlt
lagf o; clwj] z gsf ]
5Fb}5 . jf:tljs cw{;}lgs b:tf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf ;/sf/n] v]Ng] x'bF f
sfF u | ] ; Pdfn] n ] agfPsf 5g\ .
;a}ks | f/sf g}ltstf / dxTjk" 0 f{ sfd ah] 6 kf;
u/fpg] sfd k"/f x'g ;Sb}g,
jfOl;Pn h'g cw{;G} o ;+/rgf d} 5}g ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j xfdLn] g} ug{ kfpg'k5{ .
To;nfO{ cw{;G} o ;+/rgf eg]/ sfFu; ]|
;Defjgfx¿nfO{ tf]8/] cufl8 o; ljifodf tkfO{+x¿n] s;/L Pdfn]n] cfk"mn] cw{;G} o ;+/rgf v8f t/ sfFu; ]| , Pdfn] / pgLx¿nfO{ kl/rflnt
;f]Rg' ePsf] 5 < ug]{ if8oGq clxn] cfP/ k|i6 ePsf]
a9\g] xf] eg] t h;sf] g]tT[ jdf ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ galg csf]{ 5. ul//x]sf] ljb]zL zlQmx¿n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{
s7k'tnL ;/sf/ aG5 eg] To;nfO{ ) oxL /fhgLlts t/ntfsf]
;/sf/ ag]klg xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ xfd|f] s'g} klg ;kf]6{ x'Fb}g . of] kmfObf p7fpg k" j { /fhf s'g} klg xfntdf g]tT[ jdf cfpg glbg]
;/sf/n] b]znfO{ dfq aaf{b u/]g
dtna 5}g . ls k|s[ltdf ePsf h+unL hgfj/
1fg]Gb|sf] ;lqmotf a9]sf] 5
lg < 3]/faGbL u/]sf 5g\ .
b]lv jgh+un ;d]t ljgfz u/]/ /fhgLlts ;+qmd0fsf] kmfObf
k|fs[lts ;|ft] ;fwg Wj:t kfl//x]sf] p7fpg k"j{ /fhfn] ;lqmotf a9fPsf]
5 . ca aGg] s7k'ntL ;/sf/n] b]lvG5 . t/ ;lqmotf a9fpFbd } f k'gM
klg ug] { ToxL g} xf] . To:tf] /fh;+:yf kmls{G5 eGg] 8/ clxn]
olb of] u7aGwg dfcf]jfbL ;/sf/nfO{ xfd|f] ;dy{g x'g] s'/} lnO xfNg'kg]{ l:ylt 5}g . k|wfgdGqLsf] /fhLgfdf kfFr lbgdf
ePg . ca s;/L k|:t't x'g] eGg]
lj?4 n8\g ag]sf] xf] eg] d'ns ' ;Gbe{df kl/l:ylt x]//] xfdL lg0f{odf
) clxn] d'n'sdf zflGt ;'/Iffsf]
l:ylt v:sbf] qmddf 5 .
NofOlbg] eGg] clg sfd gug]{ sfFu; ]| –
k'U5f}F .
;xdlttk{m hfFbg} d'7e]8tk{m hfG5 ) Pdfn] leq s} s]xL g]tfx¿n]
tkfO{ + x ¿sf] sfo{ s tf{ dfly Pdfn]sf] of] 7"nf] a]Odflg xf] .
xTof s' 6 lk6sf] 36gfdf
. jt{dfg bz bnsf] u7aGwg jt{ d fg ;/sf/ tLg a' F b ]
ltj| t f cfO/x] s f] 5 . o; ljZjf;3ft / a]OdfgLs} sf/0f sfFu; ]| –
;xdlt kl5 sfd rnfpg
dfcf]jfbL lj?4 n8\gsf] nflu xf] elg/x]sf 5g\ t/ ;/sf/ ljifodf kf6L{n] s] ;f]lr/x]sf]
5 <
Pdfn];uF cf}krfl/s jftf{ ;d]t x'g
eg] dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{o / lgo'lQm g;s]sf] xf]
xfd|f g]tf tyf sfo{stf{sf] xTof
ag]sf] k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . ub}{ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . o;
ˆ4 @)^& ;fn h]7 c;f/ ^ ut] cfOtaf/

hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGq g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)^& sf] k|:tfljt PsLs[t d:of}bf
PsLs[t g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ cefj jf v/fa cfr/0f jf Odfgbf/Lk"j{s cfˆgf] cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g5 ] g\ .
kbLo st{Josf] kfng gu/]sf] jf g}lts ktg b]lvg] -$_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf :yfgLo cbfntsf] GofofwLz cfˆgf]
!%%=/x]sf;+;Dk"
3Lo0f{;jf]
;b:o{Rr ;+cbfntsf
Vofsf] ax'dk|taf6
wfg GofofwLz
cg'df]bg tyf -#_ k|cGo
fb]lzsGofofwLzx¿sf]
pRr cbfntn]lgo' z'¿lQmsf/afxL
/ of]Uotf M -
/ lsgf/f
kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf ;hfo kfPsf] jf cfrf/;+lxtfsf] kbaf6 d'Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 M–
ePsf
!_ /fi6«JolQmnfO{
kltn] ;+3Lo;+3Joj:yflksf
Lo ;jf{]Rr ljz]
cbfntsf] k|wfg
if Goflos u/]sf] d'2u/L
;ldltn] l;kmfl/; f / ;+3ljwfg / sfg"gsf] JofVof
Lo Joj:yflksfdf tTsfn;DaGwL
sfod
uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] jf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s -s_ lghn] :yfgLo k|ltlglw;ef ljz]if Goflos ;ldlt
GofofwLz jf GofofwLzdf lgo'lQm ug{5 ] . k|Zg ;dfj]z ePsf] ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] ljifo jf
c:j:ytfsf] sf/0fn] cfˆgf] kbLo lhDd]jf/L k"/f dfk{mt lhNnf÷:yfgLo k|ltlglw ;ef k|dv ' ;dIf
-@_ k|wfg GofofwLz / cGo GofowLzx¿sf] kbfjlw wf/f ;+3Lo ;jf]R{ r cbfntaf6 lg0f{o x'g' pko'Qm 5 egL
ug{ g;s]sf] eGg] cfwf/df /fHoJoj:yflksfdf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
!^@ sf] pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -v_ sf] cwLgdf /xL /fHo pRr cbfntn] cfˆgf] /fo ;lxt l;kmfl/;
dxfcleof]u k|:tfj k|:t't ug{ ;lsg]5 / ;f] k|:tfj -v_ lghsf] k};¶L jif{sf] pd]/ k"/f ePdf,
lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltaf6 rf/ jif{sf] x'g5 ] . t/, ;+3Lo u/]sf] d'2fsf] k'g/fj]bg ;+3Lo ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf
tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O–{ ltxfO -u_ :yfgLo cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ sfo{Ifdtfsf]
Joj:yflksf ljz]if Goflos ;ldltn] k|wfg GofofwLzsf] nfUg]5 .
ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf lgh :jtM kbd'Qm x'g]5 . cefj jf v/fa cfr/0f jf Odfgbf/Lk"js { cfˆgf]
lgo'lQmsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ubf{ lghsf] kbfjlw sDtLdf -$_ o; ;+ljwfg / ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfn] agfPsf] sfg"gsf]
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] sf/afO{ k|f/De kbLo st{Josf] kfng gu/]sf] jf g}lts ktg
b'O{ jif{ sfod x'g]u/L l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . cwLgdf /xL ;+3Lo ;jf]R{ r cbfntnfO{ cfˆgf] k}m;nf
ePkl5 ;f] sf/afO{sf] 6'Ëf] gnfu];Dd cf/f]k nfu]sf] b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf ;hfo kfPsf] jf
-#_ sfg"gdf :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/L /fHo÷pRr cbfntsf] jf clGtd cfb]zsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g5 ] .
d'Vo GofofwLz jf GofofwLzn] cfˆgf] kbsf] sfo{ ug]{ cfrf/;+lxtfsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] jf zf/Ll/s
d'Vo GofofwLz jf GofofwLzsf] kbdf ;ft jif{ sfd -%_ ;+ 3 Lo ;jf] { R r cbfntnfO{ sfg" g df Joj:yf
5}g . jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0fn] cfˆgf] kbLo
u/]sf] jf sfg"gdf :gfts jl/i7 clwjQmf jf ePadf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg], ;fws hfFRg] clwsf/
-$_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd kbd'Qm ePsf] d'Vo GofofwLz lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ g;s]sf] eGg] cfwf/df :yfgLo
clwjQmfsf] x}l;otdf sDtLdf !% jif{ lg/Gt/ jsfnt x'g5 ] .
jf GofofwLzn] Goflos cg'zf;g / dof{bf ljk/Lt k|ltlglw;efdf dxfcleof]u k|:tfj k|:t't ug{
u/]sf] jf sDtLdf !% jif{;Dd Gofo jf sfg"gsf] !%(= k| w fg GofofwLzsf] lhDd] j f/L M g] k fnsf]
sfd u/]sf] b]lvPdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL ;lsg]5 / ;f] k|:tfj tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{
If]qdf lg/Gt/ sfd u/]sf] jf Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst ;+3Lo ;jf]{Rr cbfnt / ;f]sf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{
ul/g]5 . ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O–{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf
k|yd >]0fL jf ;f]eGbf dflyNnf] kbdf sDtLdf !@ cbfnt jf cGo Goflos lgsfox¿sf] Gofo k|zf;gnfO{ !^%= k|fb]lzs pRr cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q M - lgh :jtM kbd'Qm x'g]5 . o; v08 adf]lhd
jif{ sfd u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s dfq ;+3Lo ;jf]{Rr k|efjsf/L agfpg] clGtd lhDd]jf/L k|wfg GofofwLzsf]
!_ o; ;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ df}lns xssf] k|rngsf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] :yfgLo cbfntsf] GofofwLz–nfO{
cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLzsf] kbdf x'g5] .
nflu jf csf]{ pkrf/sf] Joj:yf gePsf] jf csf]{ cfˆgf] ;kmfO{ k]z ug{ dgfl;a df}sf lbOg]5 /
lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 . !^)= jflif{ s k| l tj] b g M -!_ ;+ 3 Lo ;jf] { R r
pkrf/sf] Joj:yf eP klg ;f] pkrf/ ckof{Kt jf ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu lgh;Fu aofg lng, k|df0f
:ki6Ls/0fM of] ;+ljwfg nfu" x'ge ' Gbf klxn] k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] k|To]s jif{ cfˆgf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg
k|efjxLg b]lvPsf] cGo s'g} sfg"gL xssf] k|rngsf] ;Íng ug{ / /fo ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg k]z ug{
cbfntdf GofofwLz eO{ sfd u/]sf] cjlwnfO{ of] /fi6«fWoIf;dIf k]z ug]5 { / /fi6«fWoIfn] To:tf] k|ltj]bg
nflu jf ;fj{hlgs xs jf ;/f]sf/sf] s'g} ljjfbdf lhNnf÷:yfgLo k|ltlglw;ef ljz]if Goflos ;ldlt
pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu /fHo÷pRr cbfntsf] ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf;dIf k]z ug{]5 .
;dfj]z ePsf] s'g} sfg"gL k|Zgsf] lg¿k0fsf] nflu cGtu{t pk;ldltsf] u7g ug{ ;lsg]5 . ;f]
GofofwLzsf] x}l;otdf sfd u/]sf] cjlw dflgg]5 . -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf] l hd k| : t' t ePsf] jflif{ s
cfˆgf] If] q flwsf/leqsf ;/sf/, lgsfo jf pk;ldltsf] sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t x'g5 ] .
-$_ k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm ePdf jf s'g} sf/0fn] k|ltj]bgdfly 5nkmn x'bF f ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfaf6
kbflwsf/Lsf gfpFdf cfjZos / pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L -3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
k|wfg GofofwLz cfˆgf] kbsf] sfd ug{ c;dy{ ePdf s]xL ;'emfj lbg cfjZos b]lvPdf ;+3Lo sfg"g tyf
ug]{ clwsf/ /fHo pRr cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 . ;f] -&_ pkwf/f -^_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd sf/afxL k|f/De
jf labf a;]sf] jf g]kfnaflx/ uPsf] sf/0fn] k|wfg Gofo dGqfnodfk{mt To:tf] ;'emfj ;+3Lo ;jf]R{ r
k|of]hgsf] nflu k"0f{ ¿kdf Gofo u/L plrt pkrf/ ePkl5 ;f] sf/afxLsf] 6'Ëf] gnfu];Dd cf/f]k nfu]sf]
GofofwLz ;+3Lo ;jf]R{ r cbfntdf pkl:yt gx'g] cbfntnfO{ lbg ;lsg]5 .
k|bfg ug{ /fHo pRr cbfntn] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f, To:tf] :yfgLo cbfntsf] GofofwLzn] cfˆgf] kbsf]
cj:yf k/]df ;+3Lo ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] jl/i7td -#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg ;DaGwL
k/dfb]z, pTk|]if0f, k|ltif]w, clwsf/k[R5f nufot sfo{ ug]{ 5}g .
GofofwLzn] sfodd'sfod k|wfg GofofwLz eO{ sfd cGo Joj:yf sfg"gåf/f Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g5 ] .
h'g;'s} pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] -*_ pkwf/f -^_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd kbd'Qm ePsf]
ug]{]5 . !^!= k|fb]lzs pRr cbfnt M -!_ g]kfnsf] x/]s cfb]z jf lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .t/ clwsf/ If]qsf] :yfgLo GofofwLzn] Goflos cg'zf;g / dof{bf ljk/Lt
!%^= ;]jfsf zt{ tyf ;'ljwf M o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf k|b]zdf k|b]z:t/sf] ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] txsf] Ps
cefj ePsf]df afx]s ;+3Lo / /fHoJoj:yflksfn] sfd u/]sf] b]lvPdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL
Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s ;+3Lo ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|fb]lzs pRr cbfnt /xg]5 .
rnfPsf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf] sf/afO{ / tT;DaGwdf ul/g]5 .
k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf -@_ k|b]zsf ;a} cbfnt / Goflos lgsfox¿ k|fb]lzs
tf]s]sf] ;hfodf o; pkwf/f cGtu{t /fHo pRr !&)= clwsf/ If] q M
cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f Jojl:yt x'g]5g\ . pRr cbfntsf dftxtdf x'g]5g\ . k|fb]lzs pRr
cbfntn] x:tIf]k ug]{ 5}g . !&!= d'2fsf] k'k{If;DaGwL Joj:yf / sfo{ljlw M
!%&= kbd'Qm x'g] cj:yf M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf cbfntn] cfˆgf] dftxtsf cbfnt / Goflos
-@_ k|fb]lzs pRr cbfntnfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP -!_ :yfgLo cbfntnfO{ sfg"gdf cGoyf Joj:yf
k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;+3Lo ;jf]R{ r cbfntsf] GofofwLz lgsfox¿sf] lg/LIf0f Pj+ ;'k/Lj]If0f ug{ / cfjZos
adf]lhd z'¿ d'2f x]g,{] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] / ;fws ePsf]df afx]s cfˆgf] If]qflwsf/leqsf ;Dk"0f{ d'2fsf]
cfˆgf] kbaf6 d'Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M–-s_ k|wfg lgb{z ] g lbg ;Sg]5 .
hfFRg] clwsf/ x'g]5 . z'¿ sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug]{, jGbL k|ToIfLs/0fsf]
GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzn] ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf ljz]if -#_ k|fb]lzs pRr cbfnt clen]v cbfnt x'g5 ] . o;n]
-#_ o; ;+ljwfg, ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf / k|bz ] Joj:yflksfn] lgj]bg x]g]{, cw{Goflos lgsfon] u/]sf] lg0f{opk/
Goflos ;ldltdfk{mt /fi6«fWoIf;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf cfˆgf] / cfˆgf dftxtsf cbfnt jf Goflos
agfPsf] sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL k|fb]lzs pRr k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg], k|fb]lzs÷/fHosfg"gåf/f ul7t Onfsf
lbPdf,-v_ lghsf] k}+;¶L jif{sf] pd]/ k"/f ePdf, -u_ lgsfox¿af6 x'g] Gofo;Dkfbgsf] sfo{df cj/f]w u/]df
cbfntnfO{ cfˆgf] k}m;nf jf clGtd cfb]zsf] jf gu/ jf ufpF:t/Lo cbfnt÷Goflos lgsfon]
;+3Lo Joj:yflksfaf6 dxfcleof]u k|:tfj kfl/t jf cfb]z jf k}m;nfsf] cj1f u/]df sfg"g adf]lhd
k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 . u/]sf] lg0f{opk/ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] / cfk"m / cfˆgf]
ePdf,-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf . sf/afxL rnfO{ ;hfo ug{{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ k|fb]lzs pRr cbfntsf] cGo clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw dftxftsf cbfntx¿sf] Gofo ;Dkfbgsf] sfo{df
-@_ k|wfg GofofwLz jf cGo s'g} GofofwLz sfo{Ifdtfsf] -$_ k|fb]lzs pRr cbfntdf d'Vo GofofwLzsf] cltl/Qm
sfg"gåf/f tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 . cj/f]w u/]df jf cfb]z jf k}m;nfsf] cj1f u/]df
cefj jf v/fa cfr/0f jf Odfgbf/Lk"j{s cfˆgf] ;+3Lo÷k|fb]lzs sfg"gåf/f Joj:yf ePadf]lhdsf]
!^^= d'Vo GofofwLzsf] lhDd]jf/L M k|fb]lzs pRr sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL / ;hfo ug]{ clwsf/
kbLo st{Josf] kfng gu/]sf] jf g}lts ktg b]lvg] ;+Vofdf GofofwLzx¿ /xg]5g\ .
cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/leqsf] Gofo k|zf;gnfO{ x'g5 ] .-@_ :yfgLo cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q / sfo{ljlw
kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf ;hfo kfPsf] jf cfrf/;+lxtfsf] !^@= lgo' l Qm / of] U otf M -!_ /fHok| d ' v n]
k|efjsf/L agfpg] clGtd lhDd]jf/L d'Vo GofofwLzsf] ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t x'g5 ] . -!_
uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] jf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s /fHoJoj:yflksf ljz]if Goflos ;ldltn] l;kmfl/;
x'g]5 / ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu lghn] o; ;+ljwfg tyf k|To]s txsf cbfntsf xsdf ;fdfGo k|sl[ tsf d'2f
c:j:ytfsf] sf/0fn] cfˆgf] kbLo lhDd]jf/L k"/f u/L /fHoJoj:yflksfsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{
cGo sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL /fHo pRr cbfnt, l5Gg] cjlw clwstd\ cjlw @ jif{sf] x'g]5 . t/ ^
ug{ g;s]sf] eGg] cfwf/df ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfdf ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dtaf6 cg'df]bg ePsf JolQmnfO{
dftxtsf cbfnt tyf Goflos lgsfox¿nfO{ dlxgf;Dd s}b jf ?= %))) ;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'a}
dxfcleof]u k|:tfj k|:t't ug{ ;lsg]5 / ;f] k|:tfj k|fb]lzs pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz jf
cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 . ;hfo x' g ] k| s [ l tsf d' 2 fsf] km} ; nf ;+ l IfKt
tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O–{ ltxfO GofofwLzdf lgo'lQm ug{5 ] . !^&= jflif{s k|ltj]bg M -!_ k|fb]lzs pRr cbfntn] sfo{ljlw;DaGwL k|rlnt P]gadf]lhd # dlxgfleq
ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf lgh :jtM kbd'Qm x'g]5 . -@_ d'Vo GofofwLzsf] kbfjlw wf/f !^( sf] pkwf/f -
k|To]s jif{ cfˆgf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fHok|d'v;dIf x'g5 ] .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] sf/afxL k|f/De !_ sf] v08 -v_ sf] cwLgdf /xL lgo'lQm ePsf]
k]z ug]5 { / /fHok|dv
' n] To:tf] k|ltj]bg /fHosfo{sf/L -@_ dgfl;j sf/0f;lxtsf] ljz]if kl/l:yltdf afx]s
ePkl5 ;f] sf/afxLsf] 6'Ëf] gnfu];Dd cf/f]k nfu]sf] ldltaf6 rf/ jif{sf] x'g5 ] . t/, /fHoJoj:yflksfsf]
k|d'vdfk{mt /fHoJoj:yflksf;dIf k]z ug{]5 . tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq d'2fsf] k'k{If gePsf sf/0f s'g}
k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLzn] cfˆgf] kbsf] sfo{ ug]{ ljz]if Goflos ;ldltn] d'Vo GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQmsf]
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf] l hd k| : t' t ePsf] jflif{ s JolQm jf ;d'bfodfly k'us ] f] cfly{s xfgfLgf]S;fgL /
5}g . nflu l;kmfl/; ubf{ lghsf] kbfjlw sDtLdf b'O{ jif{
k| l tj] b gdfly 5nkmn x' F b f /fHo÷k| b ] z l9nf;':tLafkt ;DalGwt cbfntn] cfkm\g} sf]ifaf6
-$_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd kbd'Qm ePsf] k|wfg GofofwLz sfod x'g] u/L l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
Joj:yflksfaf6 s]xL ;'emfj lbg cfjZos b]lvPdf Ifltk"lt{ a]xf]g'{kg]{5 . o:tf] Ifltk"lt{;DaGwL Joj:yf
jf GofofwLzn] Goflos cg'zf;g / dof{bf ljk/Lt -#_ sfg"gdf :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/L lhNnf÷:yfgLo
k|bz] sf] sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfnodfk{mt To:tf] ;'emfj sfg'gdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd x'g5 ] .
sfd u/]sf] b]lvPdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL GofofwLzsf] kbdf sDtLdf ;ft jif{ sfd u/]sf] jf
k|fb]lzs pRr cbfntnfO{ lbg ;lsg]5 . -#_ d'2fdf kIfsf] k|ltlglwTj ;DalGwt sfg'gJoj;foLaf6
ul/g]5 . sfg"gdf :gfts jl/i7 clwjQmf jf clwjQmfsf] ¿kdf
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg ;DaGwL x'g5] . o;sf lgldQ d'2fsf kIf / sfg'gJoj;foLaLr
-%_ dxfcleof]usf] sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL Joj:yf sfg"gåf/f sDtLdf !) jif{ lg/Gt/ jsfnt u/]sf] jf sDtLdf
cGo Joj:yf k|fb]lzs sfg"gåf/f Joj:yf eP adf]lhd lnlvt¿kdf cfjZos ;Demf}tf x'g]5 .
lgwf{l/t x'g]5 . !) jif{ sfg"gsf] cWofkg, cGj]if0f jf sfg"g jf Gofo
x'g5 ] . -$_ d'2fdf ;fIfLk|df0f a'em\g] k|of]hgsf nflu afx]s
!%*= ;+3Lo ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q M ;DaGwL cGo s'g} If]qdf lg/Gt/ sfd u/]sf] jf Gofo !^*= :yfgLo cbfnt M -!_ /fHosf] x/]s :yfgLo d'2fsf kIfn] cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g jf tf/]vdf
-!_ o; ;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ df}lns xssf] k|rngsf] ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf] kbdf sDtLdf
txdf Ps :yfgLo cbfnt x'g]5 .-@_ k|fb]lzs a:g kg]{5}g .
nflu jf csf]{ pkrf/sf] Joj:yf gePsf] jf csf]{ ;ft jif{ sfd u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s /fHo pRr
sfg"gåf/f :yflkt Goflos lgsfo jf Onfsf, gu/ jf -%_ d'2f ax;k}/jLsf nflu tf]lsPsf] k]zL b'O{ k6seGbf
pkrf/sf] Joj:yf eP klg ;f] pkrf/ ckof{Kt jf cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] kbdf
ufpF :t/Lo cbfntx¿ lhNnf÷:yfgLo cbfntsf a9L ;fg{ kfOg]5g} . cGoyf d'2fdf PstkmL{ ;'gj' fO
k|efjxLg b]lvPsf] cGo s'g} sfg"gL xssf] k|rngsf] lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 .
dftxtdf x'g]5g\ . lhNnf÷:yfgLo cbfntn] cfˆgf] x'g5 ] h;sf lj?4 s'g} k'g/fj]bg nfUg]5g} .
nflu jf ;fj{hlgs xs jf ;/f]sf/sf] s'g} ljjfbdf -$_ d'Vo GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm ePdf jf c? s'g} sf/0fn]
dftxtsf Goflos lgsfo jf Onfsf, gu/ jf ufpF -^_ k|To]s d'2fsf ;'g'jfO x'g'eGbf sDtLdf b'O{ xKtf
;dfj]z ePsf] s'g} ;+jw} flgs jf sfg"gL k|Zgsf] d'Vo GofofwLz cfˆgf] kbsf] sfd ug{ c;dy{ ePdf
:t/Lo cbfntx¿sf] lg/LIf0f Pj+ ;'k/Lj]If0f ug{ / klxn] g} ;DalGwt d'2fkmfF6dfkm{t lnlvtax;gf]6
lg¿k0fsf] nflu cfjZos / pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L u/L jf labf a;]sf] jf /fHo aflx/ uPsf] sf/0fn] d'Vo
cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 . cfbfgk|bfg ul/g]5 . d'2f k]zLsf lbg x'g] k'k{Ifdf
To:tf] xssf] k|rng u/fpg] jf ljjfb 6'Ëf] nufpg] GofofwLz /fHo pRr cbfntdf pkl:yt gx'g] cj:yf
!^(= lgo'lQm, of]Uotf / ;]jfsf zt{x¿ M -!_ :yfgLo ;DalGwt Ohnfzsf] cg'dltn] afx]s ax;gf]6df
c;fwf/0f clwsf/ ;+3Lo ;jf]R{ r cbfntnfO{ x'g5 ] . k/]df /fHo pRr cbfntsf] jl/i7td GofofwLzn]
k|ltlglw;ef k|dv ' n] :yfgLo k|ltlglw;ef ljz]if ;dflji6 ljifoj:t' / cfwf/k|df0feGbf aflx/ hfg
;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu k"0f{ ¿kdf Gofo u/L plrt pkrf/ sfodd'sfod d'Vo GofofwLz eO{ sfd ug]5 ]{ .
Goflos ;ldltn] l;kmfl/; u/L :yfgLo k|ltlglw;efsf] kfOg]5g} .
k|bfg ug{ ;+3Lo ;jf]R{ r cbfntn] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f, !^#= ;]jf zt{ tyf ;'ljwf M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgdf
tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dtaf6 -&_ s'g} d'2fdf xfg]{ kIfn] lhTg] kIfnfO{ d'2fdf nfu]sf]
k/dfb]z, pTk|i] f0f, k|ltif]w, clwsf/k[R5f nufot cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s k|fb]lzs pRr
cg'df]bg ePsf JolQmnfO{ :yfgLo cbfntsf] aLnadf]lhdsf] vr{sf] cfwf vr{ a]xf]g'{kg]{5 .
h'g;'s} pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . t/ clwsf/ cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] kfl/>lds
GofofwLzdf lgo'lQm ug{5 ] . -*_ ;+ j } w flgs ljjfb jf ;fj{ h lgs ;/f] s f/sf
If]qsf] cefj ePsf]df afx]s ;+3Lo / /fHoJoj:yflksfn] / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f Jojl:yt x'g]5g\ .
-@_ sfg"gdf :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/L Gofo ;]jfsf] ljifoj:t';Fu ;DalGwt d'2fsf xsdf ax;k}/jL
rnfPsf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf] sf/afxL / tT;DaGwdf tf]ss ] f] !^$= kbd'Qm x'g] cj:yf M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf
/fhkqf+lst låtLo >]0fLsf] kbdf sDtLdf tLg jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] a9Ldf Ps dlxgfleq
;hfodf o; pkwf/f cGtu{t ;+3Lo ;jf]R{ r cbfntn] k|fb]lzs pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz jf GofofwLz
sfd u/]sf] jf sfg"gdf :gfts eO{ clwjQmfsf] ¿kdf lnlvt¿kdf d'2fsf] km};nf ;'gfO;Sg'kg]{5 . cGo
x:tIf]k ug]{ 5}g .- cfˆgf] kbaf6 d'Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M– -s_ d'Vo
lg/Gt/ sDtLdf kf"r jif{ jsfnt u/]sf] jf sfg"gsf] d'2fsf xsdf ;fdfGotM d'2fdf b'a} kIfsf] ax;k}/jL
@_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf pNn]v ePsf]df afx]s ;+3Lo GofofwLz tyf cGo GofofwLzn] /fHoJoj:yflksfsf]
cWofkg, cGj]if0f jf sfg"g jf Gofo ;DaGwL cGo ;dfKt ePs} lbg lg0f{o ;'gfpg'kg]5 { . olb s'g}
;jf]R{ r cbfntsf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] z'¿ If]qflwsf/ ljz]if Goflos ;ldltdfk{mt /fHok|d'v;dIf lnlvt
s'g} If]qdf lg/Gt/ kf"r jif{ sfd u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s sf/0fn] lg0f{o ;'gfpg g;s]df To;sf] sf/0f;lxtsf]
x'g]5 M -s_ ;+3 / /fHoaLrsf] ljjfb, -v_ /fHo / /fhLgfdf lbPdf, -v_ lghsf] k}+;¶L jif{sf] pd]/ k"/f
:yfgLo cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu hfgsf/L ;+ 3 Lo ;jf] { R r cbfntsf xsdf
/fHoaLrsf] ljjfb,-u_ ;+3Lo ;+jw} flgs c+ux¿aLrsf] ePdf, -u_ /fHoJoj:yflksfaf6 dxfcleof]u k|:tfj
of]Uo x'g5 ] . k|wfgGofofwLz tyf k|fb]lzs / :yfgLo cbfntsf
ljjfb, -3_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff, d'b|f / j}b]lzs dfldnf kfl/t ePdf,-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-#_ :yfgLo cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf xsdf ;DalGwt d'Vo GofofwLz;dIf k]z u/]sf]
;DaGwL ljjfb . -@_ d'Vo GofofwLz jf cGo s'g} GofofwLz sfo{Ifdtfsf]
@)^& ;fn c;f/ ^ ut] cfOtaf/ ˆ5
To;sf] nut /fVg'kg]5 { hf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof+sgsf] hgf ;b:o –;b:o ;+3Lo /fhkq cglÍt kbaf6 Gofo ;]jfsf] ;+3Lo -v_ d'2f dfldnfsf /f]xdf ;+3Lo ;jf]{Rr cbfntn]
Ps cleGg cfwf/ x'g]5 . -^_ /fHoJoj:yflksf ljz]if Goflos ;ldltsf] cGo sfd, /fhkqflÍt kbdf a9'jf ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;+3Lo u/]sf] sfg"gsf] JofVof jf k|ltkfbg u/]sf] sfg"gL
-(_ d' 2 fsf] km} ; nf tTsfn ;DalGwt cbfntsf] st{Jo / clwsf/M /fHoJoj:yflksf ljz]if Goflos nf] s ;] j f cfof] u sf] l;kmfl/; adf] l hd ug' { l;4fGtsf] sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf] cg'udg
ljB'tLok|0ffnL -OG6/g]6_ df /flvg]5 . o;/L ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd kg]5{ .:ki6Ls/0fM o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu Gofo ug]{ u/fpg],
ljB'tLok|0ffnLdf km};nf /fVg'eGbf klxn] d'2fdf b'a} x'g5 ] M ;]jfsf] ;+3Lo /fhkqflÍt kbdf lgo'lQm ubf{ lnOg] -u_ lx/f;tdf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf
kIfsf sfg'gJoj;foLx¿nfO{ km};nfdf ePsf efiffut -s_ ;dfg'kflts / ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df /fHo v'nf / cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff ;+3Lo nf]s /xL dfgjf]lrt Jojxf/ gu/]sf] jf To:tf] JolQmnfO{{
Pj+ k|fljlws q'l6x¿ cf}NF ofpg / ;Rofpgsf nflu pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz / GofofwLzsf] ;]jf cfof]un] lng]5 . cfkmGt;Fu jf sfg"g Joj;foLdfk{mt e]63f6 ug{
b'O{ lbgsf] ;do pknAw u/fOg]5 . lgo'lQmsf] nflu cfjZos ;+Vofsf] ;"rL tof/ u/L -@_ ;+3Lo Gofo ;]jf cfof]udf b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf glbPsf] eGg] ph'/L k/]df jf hfgsf/L x'g cfPdf
-!)_ d'2fdf sfg'gJof;foLx¿n] lng] ;]jfz'Nssf ;DaGwdf cg'df]bgsf nflu /fHoJoj:yflksfdf k]z ug]{ 5 . / ;b:ox¿ x'g5 ] g\ M– 5fglag u/L To:tf] x'gaf6 /f]Sg ;DalGwt
sfg'gadf]lhd cfjZos dfkb08 lgwf{/0f u/L Eof6 o;/L k]z ePsf] ;"rLaf6 /fHoJoj:yflksfaf6 -s_ ;+3Lo ;jf]R{ r cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz – clwsf/LnfO{ cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg] .
k|0ffnLsf cfwf/df s/ ltg'k{ g]{ k|0ffnL nfu' ul/g]5 . cg'df]bg ePsf] JolQmnfO{ /fHok|d'vaf6 d'Vo cWoIf -&_ o; wf/fdf n]lvPsf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf]
!&@= ljz] i f Goflos ;ldlt M GofofwLz / GofofwLzdf lgo'lQm ul/g]5 . -v_ ;+3Lo sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqL –;b:o cltl/Qm dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo /
-!_ ;+ 3 Lo Joj:yflksf ljz] i f Goflos ;ldlt M -v_ /fHo pRr cbfntsf d'Vo GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] -u_ ;+3Lo ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] jl/i7td GofofwLz clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP
o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+3Lo ;jf]R{ r cbfntsf k|wfg sfo{ Ifdtfsf] cefj, v/fa cfr/0f -cfwf/ ;lxtsf] –;b:o adf]lhd x'g]5 .
GofofwLz Pj+ GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm / cg'zf;g pNn+3g ;d]t_ sf] s;"/df ph'/L kg{ cfPdf jf -3_ ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf – -*_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] of] wf/f adf]lhd cfˆgf] sfd,
;DaGwL sfjf{xL, ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{ / ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf jf sfd sf/afxL jf Jojxf/af6 ;b:o st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL
Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx¿df l;kmfl/; jf b]lvPsf cj:yfdf cg';Gwfg u/L gf]sl/af6 x6fpg] -ª_ ;+3Lo dxfGofoflwjQmf ;b:o k|of]u / kfng ug]{ u/L dftxtsf clws[tnfO{ ;'Dkg
k/fdz{ lbg ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] jf avf{:t ug]{ ;d]tsf nflu /fHok|dv ' ;dIf l;kmfl/; -#_ ;+3Lo Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ ;Sg]5 .
;+3Lo Joj:yflksf ljz]if Goflos ;ldlt /xg]5 . ul/g]5 . o;/L ul/Psf] l;kmfl/; /fHok|d'vaf6 / sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . !&&= dxfcleof] h gstf{ M -!_ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]
-s_ ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfsf pkfWoIf –cWoIf :jLs[t x'g]5 . !&$= k|fb]lzs Gofo ;]jf cfof]u M -!_ /fHo;/sf/n] ;fdfGo lgoGq0f / lgb]{zgdf /xL sfd ug]{ u/L
-v_ ;+3Lo sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqL –;b:o- t/ e|i6frf/sf] s;"/df ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ubf{ k|fb]lzs sfg"g adf]lhd Gofo ;]jfsf] k|fb]lzs lghsf] dftxtdf sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd Ps
u_ ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfdf /x]sf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df /fHoJoj:yflksf ljz]if Goflos ;ldltn] u7g u/]sf] /fhkqflÍt kbdf lgo'lQm, ;?jf, a9'jf ubf{ jf dxfcleof]hgstf{ x'g5 ] .
;dfg'kflts / ;dfj]zL ¿kn] k|ltlglwTj x'g] ljz]if cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ u/L ;f] cbfntaf6 To:tf] kbdf axfn /x]sf] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo -@_ dxfcleof]hgstf{sf] lgo'lQm, of]Uotf, ;]jfsf zt{ /
u/L ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfaf6 lgjf{lrt a9Ldf ( 7x¥ofP adf]lhd x'g5 ] . o:tf] ljz]if cbfnt ;DaGwL ;hfo ubf{ k|fb]lzs Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/; sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/ Gofo ;]jf P]gdf Joj:yf
hgf ;b:o –;b:o Joj:yf /fHosfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t x'g5 ] . adf]lhd ug]{5 .t/ k|fb]lzs ;/sf/L ;]jfdf axfn eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf ljz]if Goflos ;ldltsf] cGo -u_ /fHoJoj:yflksf ljz] i f Goflos ;ldltn] g/x]sf] JolQmnfO{ Gofo ;]jfsf] k|fb]lzs /fhkqflÍt !&*= jflif{s k|ltj]bgM -!_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] k|To]s
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf ljz]if cfjZostfg';f/ pk;ldltx¿ u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . kbdf gofF egf{åf/f :yfoL lgo'lQm ubf{ jf Gofo ;]jfsf] jif{ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"g adf]lhd cfk"mn] ;Dkfbg
Goflos ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo /fHoJoj:yflksf ljz]if Goflos ;ldlt tyf pk k|fb]lzs /fhkq cglÍt kbaf6 Gofo ;]jfsf] k|fb]lzs u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L /fi6«klt;dIf
adf]lhd x'g]5M ;ldltx¿sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw /fhkqflÍt kbdf a9'jf ubf{ k|bz ] ;/sf/n] k|fb]lzs k]z ug]{5 / /fi6«kltn] pQm k|ltj]bg ;+3Lo
-s_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL /fli6«o dxTjsf] kb sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . nf] s ;] j f cfof] u sf] l;kmfl/; adf] l hd ug' { Joj:yflksf;dIf k]z ug]{5 .
/ clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt tyf /fhg}lts ljifo;Fu -3_ /fHoJoj:yflksf ljz]if Goflos ;ldltn] u/]sf] kg]5 { .:ki6Ls/0fM o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu Gofo -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo
k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ljifo / ;+ljwfg;Fu sfg"g sfd sf/afxL Pj+ lg0f{ox¿ / v08 -v_ adf]lhd ;]jfsf] k|fb]lzs /fhkqflÍt kbdf lgo'lQm ubf{ lnOg] s'/fsf] cltl/Qm dxfGofoflwjQmfn] jif{el/df ;+jw} flgs
aflemPsf ljifodf ;+ljwfg / ;+3Lo sfg"gsf] ul7t ljz]if cbfntåf/f ul/Psf k}m;nfx¿ v'nf / cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff k|fb]lzs Pj+ sfg"gL ljifodf lbPsf] /fo ;Nnfxsf] ;+Vof, ;/sf/
JofVof ug]{ clwsf/ ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf ljz]if clGtd x'g]5 . o;pk/ s'g} cbfntdf ph'/L, nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] lng]5 .-@_ k|fb]lzs Gofo ;]jf jfbL eO{ rn]sf d'2f ;DaGwL ljj/0f, g]kfn ;/sf/
Goflos ;ldltnfO{ x'g5 ] . :ki6Ls/0fM o; k'g/fj]bg Pj+ l/6 lgj]bg nfUg] 5}g . cfof]udf b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ x'g5 ] g\ jfbL jf k|ltjfbL eO{ bfo/ ePsf d'2f dfldnfdf
pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu /fli6«o dxTjsf] kb -&_ /fHoJoj:yflksf ljz]if Goflos ;ldltsf] cGo sfd, M– k|lt/Iff u/]sf] ljj/0f tyf ;/sf/jfbL eO{ rNg]
eGgfn] /fi6« f WoIf jf sfo{ s f/Lk| d ' v jf st{Jo / clwsf/ /fHosfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd -s_ k|fb]lzs pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz–cWoIf d'2fdf eljiodf ul/g' kg{] ;'wf/sf] ljj/0f pNn]v
Joj:yflksfåf/f lgjf{lrt kb eGg] a'lemG5 . x'g5] . -v_ k|fb]lzs sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqL –;b:o ug'{ kg{]5 .
-v_ ;dfg'kflts / ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;+3Lo -*_ :yfgLo k|ltlglw;ef ljz]if Goflos ;ldltM o; -u_ k|fb]lzs pRr cbfntsf] jl/i7td GofofwLz !&(= k|b]z dxfGofoflwjQmfM -!_ k|To]s k|b]zdf
;jf]R{ r cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz / GofofwLzsf] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd lhNnf÷ :yfgLo cbfntsf –;b:o Ps k|bz ] dxfGofoflwjQmf /xg]5 .
lgo'lQmsf] nflu cfjZos ;+Vofsf] ;"rL tof/ GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm / cg'zf;g ;DaGwL sfjf{xL, -3_ k|fb]lzs nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf –;b:o -@_ k|b]z dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] lgo'lQm ;DalGwt k|b]z
u/L cg'df]bgsf nflu ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfdf k]z ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{ / Gofo k|zf;g -ª_ k|fb]lzs dxfGofoflwjQmf –;b:o sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] l;kmfl/;df k|b]zk|d'vaf6 x'g]5 .
ug]{ 5 . o;/L k]z ePsf] ;"rLaf6 ;+3Lo ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx¿df l;kmfl/; jf k/fdz{ lbg -#_ k|fb]lzs Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo, k|b]z dxfGofoflwjQmf k|b]z sfo{sf/Lk|d'vsf]
Joj:yflksfaf6 cg'df]bg ePsf] JolQmnfO{ :yfgLo k|ltlglw;efdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] :yfgLo clwsf/ / sfo{ljlw k|fb]lzs sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP OR5fg';f/sf] cjlw;Dd cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .
/fi6«fWoIfaf6 k|wfg GofofwLz / GofofwLzdf k|ltlglw;ef ljz]if Goflos ;ldlt /xg]5 . adf]lhd x'g]5 . -#_ /fHo pRr cbfntsf] GofofwLz x'g ;Sg] of]Uotf
lgo'lQm ul/g]5 . -s_ :yfgLo k|ltlglw;ef pkfWoIf –cWoIf !&%= dxfGofoflwjQmf M -!_ hgtfsf] ;+ 3 Lo ePsf] JolQm k|bz ] dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf]
-u_ ;+3Lo ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf k|wfg GofofwLz tyf -v_ :yfgLo k|ltlglw;efdf /x]sf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfndf Ps dxfGofoflwjQmf nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 .
GofofwLzsf] sfo{ Ifdtfsf] cefj, v/fa cfr/0f ;dfg'kflts / ;dfj]zL ¿kn] k|ltlglwTj x'g] /xg]5 . -$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf k|bz ] dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kb l/Qm
-cfwf/ ;lxtsf] pNn+3g ;d]t_ sf] s;"/df ph'/L u/L :yfgLo k|ltlglw;efaf6 lgjf{lrt a9Ldf * -@_ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] lgo'lQm sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqLsf] ePsf] dflgg]5 M–
kg{ cfPdf jf ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf jf sfd sf/afxL hgf ;b:o –;b:o l;kmfl/;df /fi6«fWoIfaf6 x'g]5 . dxfGofoflwjQmf -s_ lghn] k|b]z sfo{sf/L k|d'v dfk{mt k|b]z
jf Jojxf/af6 b]lvPsf cj:yfdf cg';Gwfg u/L -(_ :yfgLo k|ltlglw;ef ljz]if Goflos ;ldltsf] cGo sfo{sf/Lk|dv ' sf] OR5fg';f/sf] cjlw;Dd cfˆgf] kbdf k|d'v;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
gf]sl/af6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{ ;d]tsf nflu sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M :yfgLo k|ltlglw;ef ljz]if axfn /xg]5 . -v_ k|b]z sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] l;kmfl/;df k|b]z
/fi6«fWoIf;dIf l;kmfl/; ul/g]5 . o;/L ul/Psf] Goflos ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo -#_ ;+3Lo ;jf]R{ r cbfntsf] GofofwLz x'g ;Sg] of]Uotf k|dv' af6 lghnfO{ kbd'Qm ul/Pdf÷
l;kmfl/; /fi6«fWoIfaf6 :jLs[t x'g]5 . t/ adf]lhd x'g]5M-s_ ;dfg'kflts / ;dfj]zL ePsf] JolQm dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu -u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
e|i6frf/sf] s;"/df ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ubf{ ;+3Lo l;4fGtsf cfwf/df :yfgLo cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] of]Uo dflgg]5 . -%_ k|bz ] dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwf
Joj:yflksf ljz]if Goflos ;ldltn] u7g u/]sf] lgo'lQmsf] nflu cfjZos ;+Vofsf] ;"rL tof/ u/L -$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] k|b]z pRr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x x'g]5 . k|b]z
ljz]if cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ u/L ;f] cbfntaf6 cg'df]bgsf nflu :yfgLo k|ltlglw;efdf k]z ug]5 { . dflgg]5M–-s_ lghn] sfo{sf/Lk|d'v /fi6«fWoIf;dIf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ tyf sfd,
7x¥ofP adf]lhd x'g]5 . o:tf] ljz]if cbfnt o;/L k]z ePsf] ;"rLaf6 :yfgLo k|ltlglw;efaf6 lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;DalGwt k|fb]lzs sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f
;DaGwL Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t x'g5 ] . cg'df]bg ePsf] JolQmnfO{ :yfgLo k|ltlglw;efsf] -v_ sfg"gdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«fWoIfaf6 lghnfO{ eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .
-3_ ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf ljz]if Goflos ;ldltn] k|d'vaf6 GofofwLzdf lgo'lQm ul/g]5 .-v_ kbd'Qm ul/Pdf . !*)= k| b ] z dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfd, st{ J o /
cfjZostfg';f/ pk;ldltx¿ u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . :yfgLo cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] sfo{ Ifdtfsf] cefj, -u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf . clwsf/M -!_ k|bz ] dxfGofoflwjQmf k|bz ] ;/sf/sf]
;+3Lo Joj:yflksf ljz]if Goflos ;ldlt tyf v/fa cfr/0f -cfwf/ ;lxtsf] pNn+3g ;d]t_ sf] -%_ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwf ;+3Lo d'Vo sfg"gL ;Nnfxsf/ x'g5 ] . ;+jw} flgs Pj+ sfg"gL
pk ;ldltx¿sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf s;"/df ph'/L kg{ cfPdf jf ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf jf ;jf] { R r cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x x' g ] 5 . ljifodf k|b]zk|d'v, k|b]z;/sf/ / k|b]z;/sf/n]
sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g5 ] . sfd sf/afxL jf Jojxf/af6 b]lvPsf cj:yfdf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f tf]lslbPsf] cGo clwsf/LnfO{ /fo ;Nnfx lbg'
-ª_ ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf ljz]if Goflos ;ldltn] u/]sf] cg';Gwfg u/L gf]sl/af6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{ lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . /fHodxfGofoflwjQmfsf] st{Jo x'g5 ] .
sfd sf/afxL Pj+ lg0f{ox¿ / v08 -u_ adf]lhd ;d]tsf nflu :yfgLo k|ltlglw;efsf] k|d'v;dIf !&^= dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M -@_ k|b]z;/sf/sf] xs, lxt jf ;/f]sf/ lglxt /x]sf]
ul7t ljz]if cbfntåf/f ul/Psf k}m;nfx¿ l;kmfl/; ul/g]5 . o;/L ul/Psf] l;kmfl/; :yfgLo -!_ dxfGofoflwjQmf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo sfg"gL d'2fdf /fHodxfGofoflwjQmf jf lghsf] dftxtsf
clGtd x'g]5 . o;pk/ s'g} cbfntdf ph'/L, k|ltlglw;efsf] k|d'vaf6 :jLs[t x'g]5 . -u_ ;Nnfxsf/ x'g]5 . ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL ljifodf clws[tx¿af6 k|b]z;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ul/g]5 .
k'g/fj]bg Pj+ l/6 lgj]bg nfUg] 5}g . :yfgLo k|ltlglw;ef ljz]if Goflos ;ldltn] /fi6«fWoIf, g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]lslbPsf] s'g} cbfnt jf Goflos clwsf/L;dIf k|bz ] ;/sf/sf]
-#_ GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQmdf ;dfg'kflts / ;dfj]zL l;4fGt cfjZostfg';f/ pk;ldltx¿ u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . cGo clwsf/LnfO{ /fo ;Nnfx lbg' dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] tk{maf6 d'2f rnfpg] jf grnfpg] eGg] s'/fsf] clGtd
ckgfOg]M ;a} txsf GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm ubf{ :yfgLo k|ltlglw;ef ljz]if Goflos ;ldlt tyf pk st{Jo x'g]5 . lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ /fHodxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ x'g5 ] .
hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ;dfg'kflts / ;dfj]zL l;4fGt ;ldltx¿sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw -@_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] xs, lxt jf ;/f]sf/ lglxt /x]sf] -#_ k|b]z;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 bfo/ ePsf] d'2f lkmtf{ lnFbf
cg';f/ ul/g]5 . o;/L ;dfg'kflts / ;dfj]zL /fHosfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .-3_ d'2fdf dxfGofoflwjQmf jf lghsf] dftxtsf k|bz] dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] /fo lng ;lsg]5 .
l;4fGt cg';f/ lgo'lQm ubf{ dlxnf, cflbjf;L :yfgLo k|ltlglw;ef ljz]if Goflos ;ldltn] u/]sf] clws[tx¿af6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ul/g]5 . -$_ k|bz ] dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ k|bz ] Joj:yflksf jf To;sf]
hghflt, dw]zL, blnt, d'l:nd nufotsf lk5l8Psf] sfd sf/afxL Pj+ lg0f{ox¿ clGtd x'g]5 . o;pk/ s'g} cbfnt jf Goflos clwsf/L;dIf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s'g} ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt eO{ s'g} sfg"gL k|Zgsf]
;d'bfosf JolQmx¿ ;d]taf6 ul/g]5 . s'g} cbfntdf ph'/L, k'g/fj]bg Pj+ l/6 lgj]bg tk{maf6 d'2f rnfpg] jf grnfpg] eGg] s'/fsf] clGtd ;DaGwdf /fo JoQm ug{] clwsf/ x'g]5 .t/ dt lbg]
-$_ ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf ljz]if Goflos ;ldltsf] cGo nfUg] 5}g .-!)_ :yfgLo k|ltlglw;ef ljz]if Goflos lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ x'g5 ] . clwsf/ eg] x'g] 5}g .
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;+3Lo sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP ;ldltsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ /fHosfg"gåf/f -#_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 bfo/ ePsf] d'2f lkmtf{ -%_ cfˆgf] kbLo st{ J osf] kfngf ubf{
adf]lhd x'g]5 . lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g5 ] .-!!_ pkwf/f -!_ -%_ / lnFbf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] /fo lng ;lsg]5 . k|b]zdxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ k|b]zsf] h'g;'s} cbfnt,
-%_ /fHoJoj:yflksf ljz]if Goflos ;ldlt M o; ;+ljwfg -*_ adf]lhdsf ljz]if Goflos ;ldlt u7g ubf{ -$_ dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf jf To;sf] sfof{no / kbflwsf/L;dIf pkl:yt x'g] clwsf/
adf]lhd /fHo pRr cbfntsf d'Vo GofofwLz Pj+ hftLo, ln+ u Lo, juL{ o / If] q Lo cfwf/df s'g} ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt eO{ s'g} sfg"gL k|Zgsf] x'g5 ] .
GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm / cg'zf;g ;DaGwL sfjf{xL, /fHo÷k|fb]lzs÷ k|fGtLo Pj+ bnLo ;dfg'kflts ;DaGwdf /fo JoQm ug{] clwsf/ x'g]5 . t/ dt -^_ pkwf/f -@_ sf] cwLgdf /xL k|bz ] dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{
;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{ / Gofo k|zf;g k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L ul/g]5 . lbg] clwsf/ eg] x'g] 5}g . cfˆgf] st{Jo kfng ubf{ b]xfosf] sfd ug{] clwsf/
;DaGwL cGo s'/fx¿df l;kmfl/; jf k/fdz{ lbg !&#= ;+ 3 Lo Gofo ;] j f cfof] u M - ! _ g ] k f n -%_ cfˆgf] kbLo st{Josf] kfngf ubf{ dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ x'g]5 M–
/fHoJoj:yflksfdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] /fHoJoj:yflksf ;/sf/n] sfg"g adf]lhd Gofo ;]jfsf] ;+3Lo g]kfnsf] h'g;'s} cbfnt, sfof{no / kbflwsf/L;dIf -s_ k|b]z ;/sf/ jfbL jf k|ltjfbL eO{ bfo/ ePsf
ljz]if Goflos ;ldlt /xg]5 . /fhkqflÍt kbdf lgo'lQm, ;?jf, a9'jf ubf{ jf pkl:yt x'g] clwsf/ x'g]5 . d'2f dfldnfdf k|b]z ;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 k|lt/Iff
-s_ /fHoJoj:yflksfsf pkfWoIf–cWoIf To:tf] kbdf axfn /x]sf] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo -^_ pkwf/f -@_ sf] cwLgdf /xL dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ ug],{
-v_ /fHosfg"g tyf Gofo dGqL–;b:o ;hfo ubf{ ;+3Lo Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/; cfˆgf] st{Jo kfng ubf{ b]xfosf] sfd ug{] clwsf/ -v_ d'2f dfldnfsf /f]xdf k|bz ] pRr cbfntn] u/]sf]
-u_ /fHoJoj:yflksfdf /x]sf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df adf]lhd ug]{5 .t/ ;+3Lo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf axfn x'g]5 M–-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL jf k|ltjfbL eO{ sfg"gsf] JofVof jf k|ltkfbg u/]sf] sfg"gL
;dfg'kflts / ;dfj]zL ¿kn] k|ltlglwTj x'g] g/x]sf] JolQmnfO{ Gofo ;]jfsf] ;+3Lo /fhkqflÍt bfo/ ePsf d'2f dfldnfdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 l;4fGtsf] sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf] cg'udg
u/L ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfaf6 lgjf{lrt a9Ldf ( kbdf gofF egf{åf/f :yfoL lgo'lQm ubf{ jf Gofo ;]jfsf] k|lt/Iff ug]{, ug]{ u/fpg],
ˆ6 @)^& ;fn h]7 c;f/ ^ ut] cfOtaf/
-u_ lx/f;tdf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ -s_ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f x'g' cufj} JolQmn] sfg"g adf]lhd cg'lrt -s_ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f x'g' cufj}
o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL
dfgjf]lrt Jojxf/ gu/]sf]
k|d'v cfo'Qm jf cfo'Qmsf]
pd]/ k}+;¶L jif{ k"/f ePdf
sfo{ dflgg] s' g } sfd u/L
clVtof/sf] b' ¿ kof] u u/] s f]
;+3Lo n]vf k/LIf0f cfof]usf
cWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf] pd]/
l;h{gfsf y'·f
jf To:tf] JolQmnfO{ { lgh cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg] b] l vPdf clVtof/ b' ¿ kof] u k};
+ ¶L jif{ k"/f ePdf lgh
cfkmGt;F u jf sfg" g 5}g . cg';Gwfg cfof]un] lghnfO{ cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg] ufp“ k:g dg nfu]dgf]sxf]/ nfld5fg]
5
Joj;foLdfk{mt e]63f6 ug{ -v_ k|d'v cfo'Qm / cfo'QmnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg, ljefuLo sf/afxL 5}g .
glbPsf] eGg] ph'/L k/]df jf ;jf]R{ r cbfntsf] GofofwLz jf sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd -v_ ;+3Lo n]vf k/LIf0f cfof]usf nfnL u'/fF; jg} /ftfDo,
hfgsf/L x'g cfPdf 5fglag ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg cGo cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu cWoIf / ;b:ox¿nfO{ gofF jif{sf] cfudg ;Fu,}
u/L To:tf] x'gaf6 /f]Sg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg clVtof/jfnf ;dIf n]vL k7fpg ;jf]R{ r cbfntsf] GofofwLz
;DalGwt clwsf/LnfO{ ;lsg]5 . ;Sg]5 . ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg gofF of]hgf, gofF ;f]r
cfjZos lgb{z ] g lbg]6 . -$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf k|dv ' cfo'Qm -$_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg /ftf k"mnx¿, gofF kfn'jf
-&_ o; wf/fdf n]lvPsf sfd, st{Jo jf cfo'Qmsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cg' ; Gwfg / txlssftaf6 ;lsg]5 . gofF / k'/fgf] åGå,
/ clwsf/sf] cltl/Qm k|b]z dflgg]5 M– ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] s'g} -$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf ;+3Lo n]vf k]ml/ Ps k6s, d]/f] ufpFm
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] cGo sfd, -s_ lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt JolQmn] sfg"g adf]lhd e|i6frf/ k/LIf0f cfof] u sf cWoIf / oltv]/ cGof]nd} ;':tfPsf] 5 .
st{Jo / clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg / /fhLgfdf lbPdf, dflgg] s'g} sfd u/]sf] b]lvPdf ;b:ox¿sf] kb l/Qm ePsf] yfxf 5}g,
cGo sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP -v_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lghsf] clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg dflgg]5 M–
adf]lhd x'g]5 . kbfjlw k"/f ePdf,-u_ cfof]un] To:tf] JolQm / ;f] -s_ lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt
;x/ tft]sf] 5 ls ;':tfPsf]
-*_ k|bz ] dxfGofoflwjQmfn] of] wf/f lghsf] d[To' ePdf . ck/fwdf ;+nUg cGo JolQm pk/ /fhLgfdf lbPdf, ;x/ ufpFm tfSb}g,
adf]lhd cfˆgf] sfd, st{Jo / -%_ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt -v_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lghsf] ufpF ;x/ kfpFbg} ,
clwsf/ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf cfof] u sf] k| d ' v cfo' Q m jf cbfntdf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] /fo kbfjlw k"/f ePdf, ;x/ / ufpFsf] n'sfdf/L leq
/xL k|of]u / kfng ug]{ u/L cfo'Qmx¿sf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] lnP/ d'2f bfo/ ug{ jf u/fpg -u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf . d cndlnPsf] 5'
dftxtsf clws[tnfO{ ;'Dkg nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf ;Sg]5 . -%_ ;+3Lo n]vf k/LIf0f cfof]usf ;x/ a;f} ls ufpF k;f}
;Sg]5 . x'gk' b{5 M– -%_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] cWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf] kbdf ju{ o'4 df}nfPsf] d]/f] ufpFm
!*!= k| b ] z dxfcleof] h gstf{ M -s_ g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f dfGotf cg' ; Gwfg / txlssftaf6 lgo'lQmsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
-!_ k|b]z dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] k| f Kt ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;fj{ h lgs kb wf/0f u/] s f] of]Uotf x'gk' g]5
{ M– kl/jt{gsf] cfwf/ e"ld
;fdfGo lgoGq0f / lgb]z { gdf /xL :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/]sf], JolQmsf] sfd sf/afxL cGo -s_ g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f dfGotf gofF /}jf/sf] k|ltIff ub}{ cln ;':tfPsf] 5 .
sfd ug]{ u/L lghsf] dftxtdf -v_ n]vf, /fhZj, hgk|zf;g, clwsf/L jf lgsfosf] clwsf/ k| f Kt ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;x/d} /x]sf] d]/f] a;fO{
cfjZostf cg';f/ Ps k|bz ] OlGhlgol/Ë, sfg"g, ljsf; If]q cGtu{t kg{] k|sl[ tsf] b]lvPdf Joj:yfkg, jfl0fHozf:q jf ju{ ;dGjosf] v]tLdf p4t
dxfcleof]hgstf{sf] Joj:yf jf cg' ; Gwfgsf] If] q df clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg n]vfdf :gftsf]Q/ pkflw k|fKt ;x/ ahf/sf] gofF /f}gs
k|fb]lzs sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP sDtLdf kGw| jif{ sfd u/L cfof]un] cfjZos sf/afxLsf] u/L jf rf6{8{ PsfpG6]G;L cfd x8\tfn / tLga'bF ] ;xdltdf,
adf]lhd ug{ ;lsg]5 . cg'ej / Voflt k|fKt u/]sf], nflu ;DalGwt clwsf/L jf k/LIff pQL0f{ u/L g]kfn
-@_ k| b ] z dxfcleof] h gstf{ s f] -u_ rfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], lgsfo ;dIf n] v L k7fpg ;/sf/sf] ljlzi6 >]0fLdf sfd
kZrudgsf] pN6f] af6f] to ub}{
lgo'lQm, of]Uotf, ;]jfsf zt{ / / ;Sg]5 . u/]sf] jf n]vf k/LIf0f ;DaGwL b]z rnfpg]x¿sf] k]mxl/:t sf]b{}
sfd, st{ J o tyf clwsf/ -3_ pRr g} l ts rl/q Pj+ -^_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL sfddf sDtLdf kGw| jif{ gfdfjnL k|sflzt eO/x]sf 5g\
k|fb]lzs sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP ;fdflhs k|lti7f sfod clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cg'ej k|fKt u/]sf], ;dGjosf] ;f}bfafhLdf /dfpg] ;x/
adf]lhd x'g]5 . ePsf] . cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / -v_ rfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], hgtfnfO{ aGws agfpg] csf]{ v]ndf
!*@= jflif{ s k| l tj] b g M - -^_ k| d ' v cfo' Q m / cfo' Q msf] clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f / :jfledfgsf ljkIfdf cfTd;dk{/0f ul//x]sf] 5 .
!_ k|bz ] dxfGofoflwjQmfn] k|To]s kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . -u_ pRr g}lts rl/q ;fdflhs ;'lsnf d'lsnfsf a'l4 ljgf]b leq
jif{ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"g sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd -&_ cg';Gwfg / txlssft ug]{ jf k|lti7f sfod ePsf] .
adf]lhd cfk"mn] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] x'g5] g\ . d'4f rnfpg] cfkm\gf] sfd, st{Jo -^_ ;+3Lo n]vf k/LIf0f cfof]usf cNdlnPsf] jt{dfg kl/j]z
sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L -&_ k|dv
' cfo'Qm jf cfo'Qm eO;s]sf] / clwsf/ dWo] s'g} sfd, st{Jo cWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf] kfl/>lds cj?4 hgkIfLo of]hgfx¿
/fHok|d'v;dIf k]z ug]{5 / JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm / clwsf/ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f ;+3Lotfsf gofF vfsfx¿
k|b]z k|d'vn] k|b]z sfo{sf/L x'gsf] lgldQ u|fXo x'g] 5}g .t/, cg';Gwfg cfof]un] k|dv ' cfo'Qm, lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g5 ] g\ . k'/fgf xf]nfg jf gxf]nfg\ <
k|dv ' dfk{mt pQm k|ltj]bg k|bz ] -s_ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfo' Q m jf g] k fn ;/sf/sf] -&_ ;+3Lo n]vf k/LIf0f cfof]usf To;}n] gofF of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{
Joj:yflksf ;dIf k]z ug]5 { . cfof]usf] cfo'QmnfO{ k|dv ' sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ eO;s]sf] nfnL u'/fF; / /ftf k"mnsf] hu]gf{ ug{
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] cfo'Qmsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ug{ cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf kfng JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm
k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm o; pkwf/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] ug{ kfpg] u/L ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 . x'gsf] lgldQ u|fXo x'g] 5}g .t/,
kNnjL /;f:jfbgdf cfgGb lng
k|bz ] dxfGofoflwjQmfn] jif{el/df dflgg] 5}g / ;f] adf]lhd !*^= k|fb]lzs Joj:yf M k|To]s -s_ n] v f kl/If0f cfof] u sf] gofF of]hgfsf ofqf to ub}{
;+jw} flgs Pj+ sfg"gL ljifodf s'g} cfo'Qm k|dv
' cfo'Qmsf] /fHodf clVtof/ b' ¿ kof] u ;b:onfO{ cWoIfsf] kbdf ;x/ 5f]8/] ufpF k:g dg nfu]sf] 5 .
lbPsf] /fo ;Nnfxsf] ;+Vof, kbdf lgo'Qm ePsf]df lghsf] cg';Gwfg cfof]u /xg]5 . lgo'Qm ug{ o; pkwf/fn] jfwf -#_ n]vf k/LIf0f cfof]unfO{ pkwf/f !(@= nf]s ;]jf cfof]u
;/sf/ jfbL eO{ rn]sf d'2f kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ cfo'Qm !*&= jflif{s k|ltj]bg M -!_ o; k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f] -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfdsf] nflu n]vf II. nf] s ;] j f cfof] u M -!_
;DaGwL ljj/0f, ;/sf/ jfbL jf ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L ;+ l jwfg adf] l hd clVtof/ adf]lhd s'g} ;b:o cWoIfsf] ;DaGwL sfuhkq h'g;'s} avt g]kfndf Ps ;+3Lo nf]s ;]jf
k|ltjfbL eO{ bfo/ ePsf d'2f u0fgf ul/g]5 . b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] kbdf lgo'Qm ePsf]df lghsf] x]g{ kfpg] clwsf/ x'g]5 . ;f] cfof]u x'g5 ] h;df ;dfg'kflts
dfldnfdf k|lt/Iff u/]sf] ljj/0f -v_ s'g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s'g} cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o cg';f/ n]vf k/LIf0f cfof]usf k| l tlglwTj / ;dfj] z Ltfsf
tyf ;/sf/jfbL eO{ rNg] d'2fdf ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em k|ltj]bg /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug{5 ] ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ jf To;sf cfwf/df / dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj
eljiodf ul/g' kg{] ;'wf/sf] jf 5fglag ug]{ jf s'g} / /fi6«kltn] To:tf] k|ltj]bg u0fgf ul/g]5 . s'g} sd{rf/Ln] dfu u/]sf] h'g;'s} ;'lglZrt x'g] u/L Pshgf cWoIf
ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{ kg{5 ] . ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f hgk|ltlglw;ef ;dIf k]z ug]{ -v_ s'g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s'g} sfuhkq tyf hfgsf/L pknAw / cfjZostf cg' ; f/ cGo
!*#= :yfgLo GofoflwjQmf M - u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; Joj:yf ug{]5 . ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em u/fpg' ;DalGwt sfof{ n o ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ .
!_ k|To]s :yfgLo OsfOdf Ps k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] jf 5fglag ug]{ jf s'g} k|d'vsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . -@_ /fi6« k ltn] :yfoL ;ldltsf]
:yfgLo GofoflwjQmf eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f -$_ pkwf/f -!_ cg';f/ n]vfk/LIf0f l;kmfl/;df nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf
x'g]5 .:yfgLo GofoflwjQmfsf] n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] jfwf cfof]udf jif{e/L k/]sf ph'/L, u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; ul/g] n]vf ;DalGwt sfg"gsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf] lgo'lQm
lgo'lQm, of]Uotf, ;]jfsf zt{ / k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . cg';Gwfg txlssft u/L sfg"g k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm cwLgdf /xL ;+3Lo n]vf k/LIf0f ug{5 ] .
sfd, st{ J o tyf clwsf/ !*%= clVtof/ b' ¿ kof] u adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt cbfntdf eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf cfof]uåf/f tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf -#_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf ;b:ox¿dWo]
k|fb]lzs sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP cg' ; Gwfg cfof] u sf] sfd, bfo/ u/]sf] / tfd]nLdf /fv]sf] n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] jfwf /flvg]5 . sDtLdf krf; k|ltzt ;b:ox¿
adf]lhd x'g]5 . st{ J o / clwsf/ M - ! _ d' 2 fsf] ;+ V of, cg' l rt sfo{ k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . -%_ pkwf/f -!_ df pNn]v ePsf kGw| jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L
efu–!! s'g} ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] u/] s f] d f ;r] t u/fPsf] jf !*(= n] v f k/LIf0f cfof] u sf] sfof{nox¿sf] n]vfsf cltl/Qm cjlw;Dd s'g} ;/sf/L ;]jfdf
;+ j } w flgs c+ u x¿ JolQmn] cg'lrt sfo{ jf e|i6frf/ ljefuLo sf/afxL jf cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf clwsf/ M cGo s'g} sfof{no jf ;+:yfsf] /x]sf JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 / afFsL
I clVtof/ b' ? kof] u u/L clVtof/sf] b'¿kof]u u/]sf] sf/afxLsf nflu n]vL k7fPsf] -!_ ;jf]R{ r cbfnt, Joj:yflksf– n]vf k/LIf0f cfof]uaf6 n]vf ;b:ox¿ lj1fg, lzIff, :jf:Yo,
lgjf/0f cfof] u ;DaGwdf clVtof/ b'¿kof]u ;+ V of, e| i 6frf/ lgjf/0fsf ;+;b÷;+ljwfg ;ef, clVtof/ k/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{ u/L sfg"gåf/f jfl0fHo, k|ljlw, snf, ;flxTo,
!*$= clVtof/ b' ¿ kof] u cg' ; Gwfg cfof] u n] sfg" g ;DaGwdf ePsf] pknlAw tyf b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, nf]s Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 . sfg"g, hgk|zf;g, ;dfhzf:q jf
cg' ; Gwfg cfof] u M - ! _ adf]lhd cg';Gwfg / txlssft ;f] ;DaGwdf eljiodf ug'{ kg{] ;]jf cfof]u, lgjf{rg cfof]u, !()= k|fb]lzs Joj:yfj M k|To]s /fli6«o hLjgsf cGo If]qdf zf]w,
g]kfndf Ps ;+3Lo clVtof/ ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 .t/ o; ;'wf/sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, :jfoQ /fHodf 5'§} n]vf k/LIf0f cg';Gwfg, cWofkg jf cGo s'g}
b' ¿ kof] u cg' ; Gwfg cfof] u ;+ljwfgdf 5'66\ } Joj:yf ePsf] kg{]5 . dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no tyf cfof]u /xg ;Sg]5 . dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ u/L Vofltk|fKt u/]sf
/xg] 5 h;df ;dfg' k flts kbflwsf/L / cGo sfg"gn] 5'66\ } !**= n] v f k/LIf0f cGo ;+jw} flgs lgsfosf] sfof{no !(!= jflif{s k|ltj]bg M -!_ ;+3Lo JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 lgo'Qm x'g5 ] g\ .
k| l tlglwTj / ;dfj] z Ltfsf ljz] i f Joj:yf ePsf] cfof] u II. n] v f / g]kfnL ;]gf Pj+ ;z:q k|x/L n]vf k/LIf0f cfof]un] cfk"mn] -$_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf /
cfwf/df / dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj kbflwsf/Lsf] xsdf of] pkwf/f kl/If0f cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf an, g] k fn k| x /L, /fli6« o u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf]
;'lglZrt x'g] u/L k|dv ' cfo'Qm nfu" x'g] 5}g . Ps ;+3Lo n]vf k/LIf0f cfof]u cg';Gwfg ljefu nufotsf ;a} /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug{]5 / ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g5] lghx¿sf]
/ cGo b' O { hgf cfo' Q mx¿ -@_ v/fa cfr/0fsf cfwf/df /xg] 5 h;df ;dfg' k flts ;/sf/L sfof{ n o, cbfnt, /fi6« k ltn] To:tf] k| l tj] b g yk Ps sfo{ s fnsf] nflu
/xg] 5 g\ . k| d ' v cfo' Q msf dxfleof]u k|:tfj kfl/t eO{ k| l tlglwTj / ;dfj] z Ltfsf :yfgLo lgsfo, ;/sf/L lzIf0f hgk|ltlglw;ef ;dIf k]z ug]{ k'gl{ go'lQm x'g ;Sg]5 . t/,
cltl/Qm cGo cfo'Qmx¿ lgo'Qm kbd' Q m x' g ] ;+ j } w flgs cfwf/df / dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj ;+:yf / ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx¿sf] Joj:yf ug]{5 . -s_ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f x'g cufj} nf]s
ePdf k|d'v cfo'Qmn] clVtof/ kbflwsf/Lx¿, Gofo kl/ifb\af6 ;'lglZrt x'g] u/L Pshgf cWoIf n]vf sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t tl/sf -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf
b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] ;f]xL cleof]udf kbd'Qm x'g] / cGo b'O{ hgf ;b:o /xg]5g\ . adf]lhd lgoldttf, ldtJolotf, k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm ;b:osf] pd]/ k};¶L jif{ k"/f
cWoIf eO{ sfd ug]{5 . GofofwLzx¿ / ;} l gs P] g -@_ /fi6« k ltn] :yfoL ;ldltsf] sfo{ b Iftf, k| e fjsfl/tf / /fli6«o n]vf k/LIf0f cfof]un] ePdf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf axfn
-@_ /fi6« k ltn] :yfoL ;ldltsf] adf]lhd sf/afxL x'g] JolQmsf l;kmfl/;df ;+3Lo n]vf k/LIf0f cf}lrTo ;d]tsf] ljrf/ u/L jif{e/Ldf n]vfk/LIf0f u/]sf /xg] 5}g .
l;kmfl/;df k|dv ' cfo'Qm / cGo xsdf lghnfO{ kbd' Q m cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf] ;+3Lo n]vf k/LIf0f cfof]uaf6 lgsfosf] ljj/0f, n]vfk/LIf0faf6
cfo'Qmx¿sf] lgo'lQm ug{5 ] . eO;s] k l5 sfg" g adf] l hd lgo'lQm ug{]5 . n]vfk/LIf0f x'g]5 . b]lvPsf] a]?h'sf] l:ylt, a]?h' -v_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf /
-#_ k|dv ' cfo'Qm / cGo cfo'Qmx¿sf] cg';Gwfg / txlssft ug{ -#_ ;+3Lo n]vf k/LIf0f cfof]usf -@_ ;+3Lo n]vf k/LIf0f cfof]usf] km5\of}6{ ug{ u/]sf] k|of; / a]?h' ;b:onfO{ ;jf]R{ r cbfntsf]
kbfjlw lgo'lQmsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] u/fpg ;lsg]5 . cWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf] kbfjlw n] v f k/LIf0f ;DaGwdf km5\ o f} { 6 sf ;DaGwdf k| f Kt GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg
x' g ] 5 . lghx¿sf] yk Ps -#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] lgo'lQmsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g5] . Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ;fj{hlgs pknlAw tyf n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwdf cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f]
sfo{sfnsf nflu k'gl{ go'lQm x'g cg' ; Gwfg / txlssftaf6 lghx¿sf] yk Ps sfo{sfnsf n]vf ;ldltaf6 Joj:yf ePsf] eljiodf ug'{ kg{] ;'wf/sf] ljj/0f kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .
;Sg]5 .t/, ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] s'g} nflu k'gl{ go'lQm x'g ;Sg]5 . t/, n] v fk/LIfsn] n] v f k/LIf0f pNn]v ug'{ kg{5 ] . af“sL csf]{ c+sdf======
ug]{5 .
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sfod ug]{ u7aGwg ag]sf] 5 . o'jf x's
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ef/tLo===
#% jifL{o Zofd l;+xnfO{ cf/If g]kfndf k|wfgdGqL dfwjs'df/ :s"n ;~rfngdf ljjfb
sfof{non] /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf g]kfnsf] /fhLgfdfsf] rrf{n] /]s8{ g}
jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g @)@( cg';f/
d'åf rnfpg] ;+/If0f clws[t o'j/fh
sfod u/]sf] 5 . x'Fbfx'Fbf t hn]
klg k|wfgdGqLsf] /fhLgfdfsf] lhDdf
s] z j/fh hf] z L s'lxPsf] u7aGwg
s~rgk'/ . s~rgk'/sf] lkknf8L uflj; # aG;fxdf :yfkgf ePsf] Ps
lng] lj8Dagf ag] s f] 5 . lghL ljBfno ;'?jftd} ljjfbdf d'l5Psf] 5 . ufp"df /x]sf] s[i0f lgDg cfk}mF n] tf]ss
] f] ;dodf ;+ljwfg aGg g;s]kl5 k|dv' bn aLrsf] ;xdltdf
/]UdLn] atfpg'eof] . clws[t /]UdLn] ylkPsf] afpGg ;ftf nfdf] ;do dWo] sl/a tLg ;ftf To;} v]/ uPsf] 5 .
lghnfO{ % jif{b]vL !% jif{;Ddsf] u7aGwgleq} k|wfgdGqLnfO{ cGtl/d dfWolds ljBfno 5]pd} lghL ljBfno v'nk] l5 b'O{ ljBfno lar ljjfb
sfdrnfpg agfPsf] 5 . pgsf] a9\g'sf ;fy} b'/L a9]sf] xf] . o;} z}lIfs;q b]lv lzIff lbg] p2]Zon] :yfkgf k|d'v bnx¿aLr pxL h]7 !$ cl3 s} cj:yf ljBdfg 5 . of] s'/f k|i6
s}b ;hfo, %) b]vL ! nfv;Dd
hl/jfgf cyjf b' a } ;hfo x' g ] hflu/ lelq¿kdf ;dfKt eO;s]sf] ePsf] cg'kd Ph'sz ] g Ps]8d ] L :yfkgf k|lqmofd} ljjflbt ag]sf] 5 . s[i0f ¿kdf b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . tLg bnaLr olb cl3sf] h:t} cljZjf; /
atfpg' e of] . s:t' / L d[ u nfO{ 5 . t}klg k|wfgdGqL eg] d'6d ' fly lgdfljsf k|fWofgfWofks lbks/fh e§n] ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt / cf/f]kk|Tof/f]k /lx/xg] xf] eg] cfufdL kfFr jif{leq klg d'n'sn]
jGhoGt' ljefun] ;+ / lIft 9'Ëf /fvL s'rL{df 6fFl;O/x]sf 5g\ . cleefjsx¿nfO{ hfgsf/L g} gu/fO{ 5]pd} ljBfno :yfkgfsf nflu cg'dtL ;+ljwfg;efdfk{mt\ gofF ;+ljwfg kfpg ;Sb}g . /fhgLlts bnx¿ aLrsf]
jGohGt'df /fv]sf] 5 . of] ufOhfqf slxn];Dd < k|wfgdGqLn] lbPkl5 ljjfb pTkGg ePsf] xf] . k|wfgfWofks e§n] af]l8{Ë :yfkgfsf nflu lvrftfgLn] d'n's clg0f{osf] aGbL alg/x]sf] 5 . k|d'v bn dfcf]jfbLsf]
/fhLgfdf lbG5' eGb} laGtLefp ub}{ cg'dtL lbPsf] ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt / cleefjsx¿n] yfxf kfPkl5 ;xdltdf sfFu|];–Pdfn]n] ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb yKg afWo eP klg cGo
k~r]Zj/==== lxF8s
] f ;dfrf/x¿ klg cfpF5g\, t/ pgLx¿n] e§nfO{ cg'dtL /2 ug{ afWo kf/]sf lyP . af]l8{Ë :yfkgf k|lqmofd} ;xdltsf ljleGg r/0fdf jftf{ eP t/ lgsf; lg:sg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
g]kfnn] ef/taf6 k|lto'lg6 !@ /fhLgfdf slxNo} cfpFb}g . cflv/ :jLs[t lbg] s[i0f lgdflj Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] lhNnf lzIff sfof{no / If]qLo
¿k}ofFdf vl/b u/]/ lah'nL cfoft pgLx¿ ce}m klg kl5Nnf] tLg bnaLr jftf{ tyf 5nkmn ug{ ;d]t
pgsf] /fhLgfdfsf] lg0f{o s;n] lzIff lgb]z { gfnodf ph'/L lbPsf lyP . o;/L ljjfb eO/x]sf] ePklg cg'kd
ul//x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgf ;dodf Ph'sz ] gsf ;~rfnsx¿n] ljBfnodf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ egf{ u/L cWofkg c;kmn b]lvPsf 5g\ . o;n] hgtfdf /fhgLltk|lt qmdzM ljt[i0ff kb}{ hfg]
u5{ < /fhLgfdfsf] ;fOt h'/fpg] sf]
lgdf{0f x'g] xf] eg] g]kfndf nf]8;]l8ª xf] < oL k|Zgx¿sf] hjfkm g]kfnL ;'? ul/;s]sf 5g\ . xfn ljBfnodf sIff ! / @ df u/L *) hgf afnaflnsfx¿ lglZrt 5 . w/fkdf kl/;s]sf] tLg a'Fb] ;xltnfO{ pDSofpg uDeL/ k|of;
x'gs
' f ;fy} ef/tdf ;f] lah'nL lgsf;L hgtfn] yfxf kfO;s]sf 5g\ . cWoog/t 5g\ . af]l8{Ë ;~rfngdf cGof}ntf ePs} a]nf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ug'{k5{ . Pdfn] / sfFu|]; ldn]/ ;+o'Qm a}7s a;] klg dfcf]jfbL lagf lgsf;
u/]/ a9bf] Jofkf/3f6f sd ug{;lsg] ;xdtLo k|0ffnLdf hfpF, To;sf cWoog ;'? ul/Psf] 5 . cg'kd ;~rfngsf nflu s[i0f lgdfljsf ;Dej 5}g . zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofnfO{ tfls{s lgZsif{df k'¥ofpg
;Defjgf /x]sf] atfOg] ul/Psf] 5 . nflu /fli6«o ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ agfcf}F k|wfgfWofks e§;lxt rf/ hgf ;]o/ wgL /x]sf 5g\ . ljBfno Joj:yfkg /fli6«o ;+o'Qm ;/sf/sf] ljsNk 5}g . To;sf] nflu jt{dfg dfwj g]kfn
cfof]hgfaf6 ljB'tsf] cnfjf l;FrfO, eGg] PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLsf] k|:tfjnfO{ ;ldltdf k|f= e§sf] rsf]{ ljjfbkl5 e§n] afWo eP/ lhNnf lzIffnfO{ cfk"mn] g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/n] /fhLgfdf lbP/ lgsf;sf] dfu{ k|;:t ug'{k5{ .
hnkl/jxg, dT:okfng / sfj{ nTofP/ k] m l/ ax' d tLo v] n sf lbPsf] cg'dtL kq /2 ug{ lgj]bg lbPsf x'g\ . lhNnfdf lgj]bg lbPsf] bnx¿aLr clxn] b]lvPsf] d'Vo ljjfb eg]sf] ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj s;n]
Jofkf/af6 jflif{ s ca{ ¿k} o fF cEof;x¿ ePsf 5g\ . bnx¿sf] j[l4 dlxgflbg lalt;Sbf klg lhNnf lzIff sfof{non] pQm ljjfbkf/] xfn;Dd ug]{ eGg] g} xf] . t/ ;Qfwf/L bnx¿n] o; d'2fnfO{ n'sfP/ dfcf]jfbL ;]gf
cfDbfgL ug{;Sg] cWoogn] b]vfPsf] lkmg{ k]ml/ slt jif{ s'g'{kg]{ xf] < s'g} kxn u/]sf] 5}g\ . …;|f]t JolQm / ljBfno lg/LIfsnfO{ k|ltj]bg k]z ug{
5 . kl/of]hgf lgdf{0fdf hlt l9nfO ;dfof]hg / p;nfO{ gful/s kf6L{df ¿kfGt/0f ug]{ eg]sf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg;ef
kqfrf/ u/]sf 5f"} lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L k|]dgfy kf}8]nn] eg] …k|ltj]bg lgjf{rgdfk{mt\ ;a}eGbf 7"nf] gful/s kf6L{ eg]sf] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ gful/s
eof] g]kfnn] jflif{s ;f9] #$ ca{ u}8f=== cfO{ku' k] l5 :ynut cg'udgdf hfG5f} .Ú b'O{ ljBfnosf] ljjfbaf/] hfgsf/L kf6L{df ¿kfGtl/t x'g'k5{ eGg] sfFu|]; Pdfn]sf] ts{df s'g} t's b]lvFb}g .
¿k}ofF u'dfO /x]sf] clwsf/Lx¿ o;cl3sf] 5nkmndf lrtjgsf lng ;f]daf/ lhNnf lzIff sfof{no k'us ] f ;+jfbbftfnfO{ lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L
atfpF 5 g . g] k fnsf] tkm{ a f6 ;+/If0fsdL{n] lgs'~hsf ;]gfnfO{ xltof; lj;fP/ hg;]gfnfO{ SofG6f]d]G6df /fv]/ r'gfj n8]sf] kf6L{nfO{
kf}8]nn] ljjfbaf/] yfxf x"'bf klg :ki6 hfgsf/L lbPgg\ . lghL / ;fd'bflos
kl/of] h gfsf] jftfj/0fLo k| e fj lgs' ~ h ljefusf] dftxtdf ljBfno slt b'/Ldf :yfkg ug'k{ g]{ k|fjwfg 5 elg ;f]lwPsf] k|Zgdf pgn] ;z:q kf6L{sf] cf/f]k nufpg' if8oGqsf] csf]{ tfgfafgf xf] eGbf km/s
d"NofÍgsf] d:of}bf tof/ eO;s]sf] g/fv];Dd ;+/If0f sfo{ke | fjsf/L x'g To;af/] hfgsf/L gePsf] atfP . s[i0f lgdfljn] lhNnf lzIffn] ljjflbt kb}g{ . ljleGg vfnsf sfNklgs / dgu8Gt] cf/f]k nufP/ d'ns ' sf] cu|ufdL
5 . ;f] cfof]hgf k|ltlsnf]jf6 % ;o g;Sg] atfPsf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] 5'§} af]l8{Ë ;~rfngsf nflu :jLs[t lbP cbfnt hfg] ljBfno Joj:yfkg /fhgLlts 5nfË dfg]{ g]kfnLsf] rfxgf dfly sfFu; ]| , Pdfn]n] s'7f/f3ft ug{
%^ cd]l/sL 8n/ nfUg] b]lvPsf] 5 . btf{ /fVg'kg]{df ;d]t hf]8 lbP . ;ldltsf Ps ;b:on] atfP . ptf cfk\mgf] kIflt/ hgdt h'6fpg ;]o/ vf]Hb} 5g\ . hgdfg;af6 Pskl5 csf]{ lbg gflËb} uPsf] ;/sf/nfO{ ;dy{g
>[ v nfa4 u} + 8 f dg{ y fn] k l5 wgLx¿ ufp"df xf/u'xf/ ul//x]sf] ;|ft] n] hgfPsf] 5 . ;|ft] sf cg';f/ ljjfb ug]{ bnx¿ qmdzM ;/sf/af6 aflxl/Fb} 5g\ . To;sf] kl5Nnf] lx:;f eg]sf]
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eGg] b':;fx;k"0f{ of]hgfdf lg/Gt/ k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwg ;ldltnfO{ lgdfjLsf k|f e§nfO{ csf]{ ljBfnosf] ;]o/ ;b:o agfO{Psf] 5 . s[i0f lgdflj d'No 7"nf] geP klg /fhgLlts lx;fan] o;sf] d"No 7"nf] dfGg ;lsG5 .
nflu/x]5g\ . ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a} eGbf ;'emfj lbFb} pgLx¿n] o:tf] atfPsf ljBfno ;~rfng ;ldltsf cWoIf /fdbQ kGtn] s'g}klg xfntdf ljBfno
x'g . g]kfnL ;]gfsf] gLlt Pskl5 csf]{ ;Qf ;fe]mbf/ bnsf] c;embf/L /xFb} hfFbf of] ;/sf/ oxfF
7"nf] kf6L{nfO{ hGdhft k|ltkIf 7fGg] 5]pd} af]l8{Ë ;~rfng ug{ glbg] atfPsf 5g\ . Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ gfnfos x'Fb} s'lxP/ dfq 9Ng] 5 . p;sf] nflu Tof] If0f ;a}eGbf b'Mvb x'g]
slyt ;Qfwf/L g]tfx¿sf] lrGtg bof lgodcg';f/ ;]gf kl/rfng x'g] x'bF f hfgsf/L g} gu/fO{ k|f= e§n] cg'dtL lbP/ uNtL u/]sf] cWoIf kGtn] :jLsf/
lgs'~hsf sd{rf/L / ;]gfaLr d]n lglZrt 5 . hghgsf] efjgf lj?4 ag]sf] u7aGwg ;/sf/ g} clxn]
nfUbf] 5 . r'gfjdf k/flhtx¿nfO{ u/] . 5]pd} /x]sf] af]l8{Ën] s[i0f lgdfljsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k|ToIf c;/ kg]{ /fhgLlts ult/f]wsf] d'Vo b'Zdg xf] eGg ca s'g} ufx|f] aGb}g . of] t
ljleGg rf]/af6fx¿sf] k|of]u u/L x' g g;s] s f] If] q Lo xf] 6 n ;+ 3 ufpn]x¿sf] egfO{ 5 . cg'kd Ps]8]dL ;~rfng ;ldltsf ;]o/ ;b:o
;+ljwfg;efdf n}hfg] / ;/sf/sf] ;f}/fxfsf cWoIf Pj+ ;+/If0fsdL{ lbgsf] 3fd hlts} 5n{Ë eO;s]sf] 5 . lbg b'ufgf /ft rf}u'0ff gflËb}
dbg/fh hf]zLn] ufp“sf s]xL JolQmx¿n] af]l8{Ë ;~rfngdf c;xdtL
;fFrf] ;'lDkg] sfo{ Hofb} ltj| ag]sf] zÍ/ ;}h"n] atfP . lrtjg /fli6«o hgfO{/x]sf] bfaL u/] . af]l8{ËnfO{ ;~rfng x'g glbg] v]ndf nflu k/]sf] uPsf] u7aGwg ;/sf/ ce}m ggflËP;Dd x6\g] 5}g .
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hgtfnfO{ g} cf}+nf 78\ofpg] gfËf 6f]nL a'waf/ lrtjg cfPsf] lyof] . Pp6f :yfgLo ;dfrf/kq k9\bf k9b} To;df 5flkPsf] sf6'g{ df cfFvf jL/jxfb' / dNn ePsf] gfosjf8f uflj; j8f g+= #
gfrx¿ k| b z{ g eO/x] s f 5g\ . a' w af/ ;fF e mb] l v 5nkmn tyf k'Uof], h;df la|6Lz k]6«f]lnodsf] a8]dfsf] z/L/ ePsf] AolStn] xftdf ;fgf] ?s'd . ufpF ufpFdf ;Gb]z k7fPjfkt d}gfsf s0f{jxfb'/ sfdLsf] egfO{ 5 .
Toltdfq x}g ;/sf/ /fHo :ynut cg'udgdf h'6]sf] 6f]nLn] k|To]s 3/jf6 cGg p7fP/ lhljsf 6fb}{ s6'jfn sfd ub}{ cfPsfn] cGo sfdsf]
kbf{sf] 6]lnlehg ;]6 lnP/ uNkm ckm d]lS;sf]sf] lsgf/df t]n -k]6f« l] nod l;k gePsf] / cfhef]ln s6'jfn eP/
9' s ' 6 LnfO{ a| D xn' 6 ug] { / k' / } dWojtL{ If] q sf k| l tlglw tyf kbfy{df n6kl6P/ nl8/x]sf] r/fnfO{ b]vfpFb}ÚÚ ltdLn] xfd|f] Ifdf ofrgf cfPsf hfh/sf]6sf s6'jfnsf] k]zf ;+s6df
;f} / fxfsf xf] 6 n Joj;foL;F u k/]sf] 5 . cfhef]ln ;~rf/ hutn] km8\sf] lhljsf rnfpg ufx|f] ePkl5 ef/tlt/
l/Tofpg] ld;gsf ;fy cufl8 u/]sf] gofF lj1fkg b]Vof} eg]/ ;f]4} /x]5 . of] k9bf k9b} of] k+lStsf/nfO{ hfg afWo ePsf] s6'jfnx¿sf] b'v;] f] /x]sf]
5nkmn u/]sf] lyof] . df/]kl5 s6'jfnsf] k]zf ;+s6df k/]sf] xf] .
a9]sf] 5 . e|i6frf/df sLlt{dfg cgfof;} g]kfnsf :j3f]lift ;kmn u[xdGqL eLd /fjnsf] ofb cfof], hf] b]zdf ;~rf/sf] ljsf; ePsf sf/0f cfˆgf] 5 . cem}klg hfh/sf]6 h:t} g]kfnsf b'ud{
hlt;'s} uDeL/ k|s[ltsf ck/fw 36] klg cfˆgf] sfo{sfndf zflGt ;'/Iffsf] cfjZostf 36\b} uPkl5 ufpFnx] ¿n] cGg 7fpFx¿df o:tf y'k}| s6'jfnx¿ cfˆgf]
8'd ;d'bfodf ufp“ lsga]r ug{] k/Dk/f cj:yf cToGt} ;'wf/f]Gd'v /x]sf] bfjL ug{;Sg'xG' g . s/La b'O{ dlxgf otfb]lv
uNkm ckm d]S;Lsf]sf] l:ylt Psbd} uDeL/ 5, la|l6z k]6f« l] nodn] t]n
klg lbg gdfGg] / lbPklg cToGt} sd
lbg] u/]sf] vu]gsf]6 ^ sf /+u] g]kfnLn]
k]zf c+ufn]/ lhljsf rnfO/x]sf 5g\ .
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sf7df8f}F . 3/hUuf vl/b–laqmL x'g' ;fdfGo s'/f] xf], t/ s;}n] ufpF g} x'bF } uPkl5 cfw'lgs ;~rf/af6 dflg;sf]
lsga]r u5{g\ eGg] ;'Gbf crDd nfU5 . blntdWo] clt lk5l8Psf 8'd lgsfNg l8n u/]sf] l/Ëdf /fd|/L Wofg gnufpFbf lbgsf] aofnL; xhf/ b'v;] f] JoQm ug'e{ of] . ufpF ufpFdf a;]/
Sofng b]lv b'O{ nfv Sofng -Tof] eGbf klg a9L x'g ;Sg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] laxfg ;fFemsf] 5fs 6fg{ d'l:sn kg{ yfn]kl5 cfjZostf k'/f x'g yfn]kl5 s6'jfnsf]
;d'bfodf of] k/Dk/f nfdf] ;dob]lv rNb} cfPsf] 5 . of] k/DKf/fnfO{ l;/xf 3/ kl/jf/ kfNgsf nfuL ef/t hfg afWo k]zf ;+s6df k/]sf] xf] .
lhNnfdf /x]sf 8'd ;d'bfosf dflg;n] clxn] klg hLjGttf lbFb} cfO/x]sf 5_ t]n au]/ ToxfF /x]sf ;d'Gb|L hLj hGt'x¿sf] hLjg g} vt/fdf kfl/lbPsf]
5g\ . uf9f ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt j8f g+= @ a:g] n6\6' dlnsn] cf7 dlxgf 5 eg], ;L km'8df cfwfl/t /x]/ cfˆgf] hLjg wfGg] / Aoj;fo rnfpg]x¿sf]
Joj;fo g} 7Kk kfl/lbPsf] 5 . t/ To;sf] afah"b, la|6Lz k]6«f]lnodsf u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf nflu :t/Lo ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L
cufl8 pk]Gb| dlnsaf6 @) xhf/ ¿k}ofFdf rsbx ufpF lsg]sf] 5 . sl/a
kfFr xhf/ hg;+Vof /x]sf] rsbx ufpFdf dlnsn] dfq afF;af6 lgld{t 9fsL, ;LOcf] 6f]gL x]jf8{] efif0f lbPsf] kf/fdf /]s8{ ul/Psf] lj1fkgn] clxn] u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf nflu ljBfnox¿nfO{ clt cfjZos kg]{ ;Gbe{
gfª\nf], sf]lgofF, k+vfnufotsf ;fdfg laqmL ug]{ clwsf/ kfPsf 5g\ – uf9f–@ cd]l/sL 6]lnlehgsf] kbf{x¿ el/Psf 5g\ . s/La krf; ldlnog 8n/ vr{ k':tsx¿ s]Gb|sf] k|sfzg, ;xk|sfzgx¿df tof/ kf/L ahf/df ;j{q
sf ef]nf dlns eG5g\ . cfkm"n] lsg]sf] rsbx ufpFdf ef]het]/, ljjfx, d[To', u/]/ b]vfO{ /x]sf] ;f] lj1fkgn] la|6Lz k]6«f]nLod æjftfj/0f hf]ufpg, uNkm pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . ljBfnox¿nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ k':ts 5gf]6 u/L
k"hfkf7 eof] eg] To;df cfjZos kg{] tL ;fdfg a]Rg / blIf0ff lng] clwsf/ ckm d]S;Lsf]df alu/x]sf] t]n ;kmf ug{ ToxfF /x]sf kz' kG5LnfO{ plrt k7gkf7gdf lng x'g cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 .
pgnfO{ 5 . l6df dlns eG5g\– c? 7fpFdf a;f]af; ug]{ 8'd cfP/ cfk"mn] jftfj/0f lbg e/dUb'/ sf]lzz ul//x]sf]Ú bfjL 6f]gLn] ul//x]sf 5g\ . csf]t{ km{ != c+u]h| L ¿kfGtl/t kf7\ok':ts -sIff !–!)_
lsg]sf] ufpFdf s'g} ;fdfg a]Rg kfpFbg} , olb a]rd] f 8'd ;d'bfon] tf]ss ] f] eg] l:ylt cem} ;'lw|Psf] 5}g, ;d'lGb| s5'jf, 8lNkmg, ;L nfog, ;d'lGb|
r/fx¿, dfG5]sf] vfBokbfy{df ¿kdf k|of]u ul/g] df5f nufotsf k|f0fLx¿ @= hgs g]kfnL Jofs/0f -sIff !–!)_
hl/jfgf ltg{k' 5{ . pSt ;d'bfosf] hl/jfgf klg crDdsf] x'G5 . 8'd ;d'bfosf #= hgs g]kfn -sIff !–*_
k"/} ufpFnfO{ ;'Ë/' sf6]/ ef]h ug{k' 5{– 8f]klt dl/s elG5g\ . of] k/Dk/fsf] dfq xf]O{g ls, ToxfFsf] kfgL / ;d'lGb| lsgf/x¿ klg t]nn] k|b'lift agfPsf]
5 . t/ klg la|6Lz k6«fl] nod of 6f]gLsf] bfjf pxL 5, pgLx¿n] tL s'/fx¿sf] $= hgs k|fOd/L ;fOG; -sIff !–@_
yfngL slxn]bl] v ePsf] xf] eGg] olsg geP klg afh]a/fh'sf] kfnfb]lv %= hgs Oª\ln; u|fd/ -sIff !–!)_
rNb}cfPsf] uLtf dlns atfpFl5g\ . h;/L hUuf vl/blaqmL ubf{ sfg'gL ;+/If0f ug{] s'/fdf Wofg k'¥ofO/x]sf 5g\ . pk/f]St s'/fx¿ pNn]v ug'{sf]
sf/0f g]kfn of g]kfnLsf] ;f] ljifo;Fu ;/f]sf/ eP/ xf]Og, s]an lgs PG8;{ ^= hgs ;]s]G8/L ;fOG; -sIff ^–!)_
k|lqmof k"/f ug{k' 5{ To;}u/L ufpF lsGbf / a]Rbf sfg'g Joj;foLaf6 sfuhL &= hgs k|fOd/L ;fOG; -sIff !–%_
tyf sfg'gL k|lqmof k"/f ul/G5 . lsg]sf] ufpFaf6 cfDbfgLsf] d'Vo ;|ft] g} gfdsf sf6{lg:6n] agfPsf] pSt sf6{gn] xfd|f u[xdGqL eLd /fjnsf] em–
eg]sf] afF;af6 lgld{t ;fdfg laqmL ubf{sf] cfo, ef]het]/, d[To', ljjfxh:tf emNsf] lbPsf]n] dfq xf] . xfd|f ;kmn u[xdGqLsf] ;kmntfsf] j0f{g sxfFaf6 *= hgs P6nf; -g]kfnLdf_ sIff !) ;Dd
pT;jaf6 x'g] cfDbfgL / blIf0ff xf] -n6\6' eG5g\ . l;/xf lhNnfdf b'O{ xhf/sf] dfq} z'? ug{' < clg sxfF uP/ la>fd lng' < lbg bxf8} /fhwfgL h:tf] (= hgs P6nf; -c+u|]hLdf_ sIff !) ;Dd
xf/fxf/Ldf 8'd ;d'bfo /x]sf 5g\ / pgLx¿n] Psb]lv b'O{ jf tLgj6f ufpF;Dd 7fpFdf xTof ul/g'nfO{ ;kmn dfGg] ls < ev{/} 36]sf] 8f= eStdfg >]i7sf] !)=s:t'/L …sÚ cIf/ l;sfOsf] afnuLlt Sof;]6
lsGg] u/]sf 5g\ . sltko 8'd ;d'bfosf dflg;n] hLjg wfGg g;s]/ cfk"mn] ckx/0fsf] kbf{kmf; ug{ g;s]sf] tYonfO{ ;kmn dfGg' < t/ cem} klg la|6Lz !!= afnsyfsf k':tsx¿
k]6«f]lnodsf] AolStn] xftdf 6]lnlehgsf] kbf{ af]s]/ ;d'lGb| lsgf/df t]ndf !@= P;Pn;L :jfWofo ;fdu|L -ul0ft, lj1fg / c+u|]hL_
lsg]sf] ufpF rfF8} c?nfO{ a]Rg] u/]sf 5g\ . nyky eP/ nl8/x]sf] r/fnfO{ …dfkmL dfu]sf] lj1fkgÚ b]vfP/ t'Ë g ts{sf]
– lg/fhg kf]v/]n k|lzIffyL kqsf/ sfd u/]sf] h:t} ug{ pxfF r'Sg'xG' g . pxfFn] km]l/ klg uhgf{ ug'{ eP5, …36gf !#= ljleGg k|sf/sf cEof; k'l:tsfx¿ .
s;n] u/fof] eGg]df xfdL glhs k'u]sf 5f}+,===== >]i7nfO{ ckx/0f lsg /
ljsf; ls ljs[lt < s;n] u/]sf] eGg] s'/f s]xL lbgdf ;fj{hlgs ug{5 ] f+} .Ú h'gf a]nf 8f= eStdfg
>]i7 s;}sf] s}bdf lyP, h'ga]nf pgsf] kl/jf/n] dfgl;s kL8f ef]lu/x]sf] hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb| ln=
Sofg8f . gf+uf s]6Lx¿n] ;dfrf/ k9g] l6eL Rofgn ;'? u/]sf] Sofg8fn]
cfufdL cS6f]a/ @* b]lv cZnLn Rofgn klg vf]Nb} 5 . k|mflG;;L efiff lyof], h'gf a]nf Tof] ;dfrf/af6 c¿ g]kfnL ql;t lyP, Tolta]nf pxfF / ;fgf] l7dL, eQmk'/, kmf]g g+= ^^#)&*&, ^^#)&(%
af]Ng]x¿sf] k|fGt …So'a]sÚ nfO{ nlIft u/L k|;f/0f ug{ nfluPsf] Rofgn pxfFsf] dftxtdf /x]sf] ;DalGwt lgsfo of k|x/Ln] s]xL ug{;s]g eg] r/fnfO{ ahf/ Joj:yf ljefu, kmf]g M ^^#)!$)
…efg];fÚ /fli6«o k|;f/0fsf ¿kdf d'ns ' el/sfn] x]g;{ Sg]5g . To;f] t …efg];fÚ 6]lnlehg b]vfP h:tf] g]kfnL hgtfsf] cufl8 cfˆgf] gk'+zstf b]vfP/ s]
sf] c+u|]hL ;+:s/0f klg csf]{ jif{b]lv ;'? x'Fb}5 . efg];fn] cZnLn l;l/on, kmfO{bf < cem ;a}eGbf xfF;f] p7bf] s'/f] t /fHon] rf/}lt/af6 bjfj lbP/
l/ofln6L ;f] / of}g ljifodf agfPsf j[Qlrq k|;f/0f ug]{5 . of] Rofgn 8f= eStdfg d'St ePsf eg]/ xf:osnfsf/x¿nfO{ :qmK6 n]Vg ldNg] ljifo
k|;f/0f ug{ nfO;]G; df]lG6«onl:yt ;]S; ;k 6]lnlehgn] kfPsf] xf] . ToxfFsf] g} kl:slbg' eP5 Û o;sf] nflu Tof] u0ftGq lbj;sf lbg 3f]if0ff ul/Psf]
lgodfg';f/ 6]lnlehg Rofgnn] *) k|ltzt aflx/ lgld{t sfo{qmd b]vfP/ lje"if0f dWo] Pp6f s;}af6 lkmtf{ lnP/ oxfFnfO{ g} lje"lift ug{] kf] xf] ls <
klg @) k|ltzt :jb]zd} tof/ u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . b]zdf zflGt ;'/Iff axfnL ug{ / To;sf] nflu agfO{Psf lgod sfg"g nfu'
ug{ u7g ePsf] u[x dGqfno / ;f] dGqfnosf pRr kbdf cfzLg JolSt pxfF
g} x'gx' G' 5, t/ pxfFnfO{ g} yfxf 5}g, b]zdf slxNo} gfd g;'gs ] f] kf6L{n] klg
5f]/f;/x 5f]/LnfO{ To:tf] u'kr'k /x]/ s;}sf] ckx/0f ug{;Sbf] /x]5 eg]/ Û t/ klg pxfF cem}
ljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgf k|efjsf/L ePsf] bfjL 5f]8g' x'Gg . x]b}{ hfpF, g]kfnL
hgtfn] pxfFsf] sfo{sfndf c¿ s] s] b]Vg' jf ef]Ug' kg]{ xf] Û s'g} lbg, lgs

klg :s'n k9\g k7fcf}+ PG8;{sf] sf6{gdf r/fnfO{ 6]lnlehg b]vfPh:t}, pxfFn] klg cfkm}+ of cfˆgf]
k|jQmf nufP/ x/]s AolStsf] sfgdf uP/ cfˆgf] ;kmntfsf] :jfË km'Sg
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s/af6 afF r ] s f k' l n; ;] g fnfO{
/ aGb} klg 5 . l;dfgfdf csf]{ b]zsf]
;]gfn] wSsf dfb}{ cfPsf] 5 t/ g]kfnL
cg'df]lbt kf6L{nfO{ cgful/s eGb} 5g\ .
h;n] gful/ssf] hLpwgsf] /Iff ug{
hgkIfLo sfddf nfuf}“
pgLx¿ xltof/sf] n8fOaf6 klg xf5{g hgtfdfly uf]nL jiff{pg lgb]z{ g lbg]x¿ ;]gf nfrf/ eP/ k5fl8 x6\b} g]kfnlt/ ;Sb}g ToxL ;/sf/ cgful/s x'G5 . ljlwsf] zf;gsf] b'xfO{ lbg]x¿ hltg} nf]stGqsf JofVof ub}{
ta eGb} lxF8\g xfdL xltof/df ljZjf; cfh k] m l/ xltof/sf] zAb x]5{ . o:t} xf] eg] g]kfnL ;]gf ;]gf, k'ln; p;s} xftdf eP/ klg cfk"m nfO{ vfF6L nf]stGqjfbL b]vfP klg slyt nf]stGqsf
ub}{gf}F . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df eGg'kbf{ pRrf/0f ub}{5g . lxhf] klg / g]kfnL hgtfsf] 6]Sg] 7fpF dfG5] dfl/g] ckx/0f x'g] n'l6g] sfo{n]
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ xltof/n] g} tx nufpg' pgLx¿ sfo/ lyP / ;]gf g} g/xg ;S5 . t/ jt{dfg tLj|tf kO/x]sf] a]nf sf] gful/s / sf] lxdfotLx¿n] nf]stGqs} dhfs p8fO/x]sf] g]kfnL hgtfdf hu
k5{ eg]/ tTsfnLg k'ln; kmf];{ / zfxL k| x /Ls} Jof/] s df ;' ? afn ;/sf/sf / o;sf cgful/s eGg]s'/f ax; ug}{ kb}{g, sf] hfx]/} 5 . lxhf]sf s'/f lj;{g} /fd|f] xf], la;{g} k5{ . # a'Fb]
g]kfnL ;]gfsf] xltof/sf] l6«u/df cf}+nf lehfpFb} a;] / clxn] klg cf;]kf;]x¿ b]zsf] 9's'6Ldf s' / f hgd' l Qm ;] g f;F u sf] xltof/ ;xdltsf] d;L ;'Sg gkfpFb} zL3| /fhLgfdf lbg] jrgj4tfnfO{
/fVb} d f 9' S s x' g ] x ¿ cfh g] k fnL sfo/tfsf] k| b z{ g ug{ /hfO{ u/]/ Ifl0fs cfgGb lnFb} a'emfpg] s'/f ug]{ s'g} klg JolQm jf a'xdtLo bDen] c;kmn /fi6« pGd'v g]kfndf 36fOb]p ufF8eGbf
hgtfnfO{ xltof/sf] kl/efiff lbg] xltof/af6 dfcf]jfbL d'Vo zq' P= g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ kf6L{df lglxt 5}g . lsg eg] o'=Pgn] a9]sf] ufF8sf] pvfgh:t} ePsf] 5 . jg, h+un, 9'Ëf, afn'jfh:tf
cgfjZos si6 ub} { 5 g\ . g] k fnL cnUofpg' k5{ eGb}5g . t/ agfPsf 5g\ . 1fg] G b| s f] k|dfl0ft ubf{ b'a} kIfsf
hgtfnfO{ xltof/sf] kl/efiff lbg' xltof/;F u n8\ g g;ls xltof/ u/]sf] 5 . o'=Pg=n] b'a}
k|fs[lts ;Dkbf sf}l8sf] bfddf laqmL ub}{ hg:t/af6 ktg eO/x]sf]
eg]sf] OGb|sf] cufl8 :ju{sf] aofg
u/] h:t} x'G5 . lsg eg] g]kfnL hgtf k|i6 ljrf/ /l~ht a'9fdu/
kIfsf] xltof/ x]g{ u0fgf ug{ ;S5 olb
hgd'lQm ;]gf / g]kfnL ;]gf b'a} kIf
jt{dfg ;/sf/ e|i6frf/sf] r'nLdf clxn];Ddsf ;/sf/nfO{ pl5g]/
rf}tkmL{ uGxfO ;s]sf] 5 . zflGt ;'/Iffh:tf cx+ d'2fdf ;/sf/
g]kfnsf] cfˆgf ;Gtfgx¿ zf;ssf] x'g eg] hgd'lQm ;]gf / g]knL ;]gf c;kmnsf] k|ofojfrL ag]sf] 5 . ^)! hgf ;ef;bsf] Jooef/
xltot/n] pgLx¿s} cfF v f cufl8 s;sf] xftdf /x]sf] xltof/ Gofok"0f{ hgd' l Qm ;] g fsf] xltof/sf] andf b'as} f] xltof/ Ps 6fpdf /fVg' k5{ . cfˆgf] 7fpFdf 5Fb}5 . oqf] 7"nf] Jooef/sf] gfkmf eg]sf] hgkIfLo
e'6]sf] slxNo} la;{b}gg . clt ePkl5 / s;sf] xftdf /x] s f] cGofok" 0 f{ u0ftGq cfPsf] / 1fg]Gb|n] aN8ofª Tof] b'as} f xltof/ b]z / hgtfsf] xltof/ ;+ljwfg xf] . hgkIfLo ;+ljwfg aGg glbg] b]zL jb]zL rfnleq
g]kfnL hgtfn] zf;ssf] xltof/ vf];/] sfddf k|of]u eP eGg] s'/f pgLx¿n] vfPsf] 3fd e}mF 5n{Ë 5 . t/ pgLx¿n] xf] . x'g t hgtfsf] kIfdf /x]sf] /
p;}l;t n8]/ oxfF;Dd cfPsf 5g\ . a'‰g kg]{ xf] . klg dfcf]jfbLsf] ;]gfn] of] wlt{df v'§f kIfdf g/x]sf] xltof/sf] ax; gu/f}F jt{dfgsf] cj?4 /fhg}lts cGof]n g} xf] . ;a} kf6L{sf cfˆgf]
n8fO{ gnl8sg} n8fOsf] kl/efiff xltof/ / ;]gf Ps csf{;uF hf]l8Psf] 6]sfP eGg] s'/f la;]{ clxn] ToxL xltof/ lsgeg] Tof] s' / f sfF u | ] ; Pdfn] s f cfˆgf] 8Dk"m cfˆgf] 7fpFdf 5Fb}5 t/ ljleGg kf6L{leqsf] cfGtl/s
lbg] eGbf n8fO n8]/} n8fs'sf] / n8fOF s'/f xf] . To:t} ;]gf / b]z klg lj8Dagf / ;]gfsf] d'2f 7"nf] agfpFb5 } g\ . c¿ ukmf8Lx¿ eGbf g]kfnL ;]gf / hgd'lQm åGån] slyt nf]stGq / /fi6«jfbsf] wHhL p7fO /x]sf] 5 .
d}bfgsf] 1fg k|fKt ug'{ 7"nf] s'/f xf] . s] 5 eg] xfd|f] b]zsf] ;]gfn] b]zsf] bnsf] t s'/} 5f]8o\ f}F Pdfn] / sfFu;]| sf ;]gfnfO{ yfxf 5 / cem a9L g]kfnL kf6L{leqsf c:j:y k|lt:kwf{n] Psn] csf]{sf] cl:tTjnfO{ b]Vg
n8fOF n8\g] klg cf–cfˆg} tl/sf x'G5 . lglDt s]–s] u¥of] < s'g s'g 7fpFdf ;o b'O{ ;o sfo{stf{ / bz afx|j6f hgtfnfO{ yfxf 5 . To;}n] sfo/x¿ grfxg] /fdsxfgLn] b]zsf] cj:yfnfO{ dfq lrlqt ub}{g eGg]
b'a} kIf Pp6} tl/sfaf6 n8fO n8\g n8\of] < a? b]zsf] lglDt n8\gx] ¿ / em08f af]s/] lg:sbf 1fg]Gb|sf] lgb]z
{ gdf xltof/sf] s'/f u/L xltof/s} e/df n8\g
;Sb}g . t/ n8fOdf xltof/sf] k|of]u b]zaf;Lx¿nfO{ uf]nL bfUof] . o;sf] uPsf] ;]gf k'ln;n] Pp6} 6«sdf /fv]/ rfxG5g\ . t/ axfb'/ ljrf/sf] s'/f u5{g u/]sf] nf]stGqsf] klg wHhL p8fO /x]sf] 5 .
:jljj]s :jljrf/ / c¿sf] lgb]{zgdf pbfx/0f lbg'kb}g{ . ljutsf ;+3if{x¿df n}hfGYof] . Tof] s'/f la;]{ lsg Pdfn] / cfjZos k/] ljrf/af6 xltof/ ltga'Fb] ;xdlt kZrft ;+;b\sf] lxpFb] clwj]zg ;dfKt ubf{
s'ljrf/åf/f ul/G5 . c¿s} xltof/ zfxL ;]gfn] s]–s] u¥of] / s]–s] u/]g sfFu;
]| n] . rnfpg kl5 klg kb}{gg . t/ ;w}F h'g gf6sLokf/fdf ;dfKt ul/of] Tolt hfaf] s'/fdf klg k|ltkIf;Fu
c¿s} ljrf/ t n8\g] dfG5]dfq g]kfnL eGg] s'/f g]kfnL Oltxf;df n]lvO;s]sf] rf]/n] klxn] g} dnfO{ rf]/ eGnfg xltof/} xltof/sf] zAb cf]sN5g\ . ;xdlt ug]{ lxDdt gug]{ ;Qf kIfn] k]n]/ hfg] kmn:j¿k ah]6
clwj]zgnfO{ k|efj kfl//x]sf] 5 . To:t} /j}ofn] ;dod} ah]6

kLl8t, kL8s / cbfntnsf] km};nf

/fh] G b| s ' d f/ /sddf afu]l{ gª agfpg] ;fwg agfpg]
xf] eg] cbfntsf] km};nf /fHo kIfaf6}
sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf @)^@, cbfnt
sfo{lj/0f lgb{l] zsf @)^$ cflb dxTjk"0f{
dfgjclwsf/sdL{ eg]/ lrgfpg ?rfpg]
klg pgLx¿s} kIfdf nfUg] u/]sf] b]Vbf
kf; gx'g] h:tf cj/f]w k"0f{ cj:yf cfOg} /xg] ePsf] x'Fbf yk
ePsf] ! jif{df ^ dlxgf klg To;leq} Joltt gxf]nf eGg ;lsFb}g .
oL ;a} s'/f hfGbf hfGb} lsg ;Qf kIfx¿ cfˆg} cx+df # a'Fb]
;xdlt sfof{Gjogsf] klxnf] ;t{ zL3| /fhLgfdf glbP/ ;DklQ
xh'/, $! cf]6f s'v/' f klg ;lsof],
y'gfdf klg kl/of], a'l4 ;lsP5 .Ú of] unt k|of]u ul/of] eg]/ eGg' kb{5 . b:tfj]hx¿df klg km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] kLl8tsf nflu Gofo eGg] s'/f t clezfk sAhf, ;]gf ;dfof]hg, gful/s kf6L{h:tf cd"t{ s'/f NofP/
g]kfnsf] s'g} Ps cbfntaf6 rf]/L d'2fdf b08 -hl/jfgf c;'n ug{nutsf] cefj ljifo pl7/Xof] . t/, oL b:tfj]hx¿n] kf] aGg hfg] u/]sf] tLtf] oyfy{ 5 . To:tf] ;Qfsf] cfo' nDAofpg] v]ndf nfu]sf 5g\ < o;sf] tfTko{
s}b 7]lsPsf] JolStn] kl5 kqmfp k/]/ geP/ lgotsf] cefj ePsf] xf] . km};nf lbPsf ;'emfj sfof{Gjogsf] ljifo ;b}j cj:yfaf6 kf/ kfpg ca sfg'gd}
y'gfdf hfFbf JoSt u/]sf] egfO xf] . of] sfof{Gjogsf] o:tf] bogLo cj:yfnfO{ cf]em]ndf /Xof] . ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] cbfntaf6 ePsf km};nf jf clGtd ;Qfl;gx¿ h;/L x'G5 ;+ljwfg gagf]; / dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n]
k|;u+ xfn} ;jf]R{ r cbfntn] b]ze/sf Wofgdf /fv]/ g]kfnsf] ;jf]R{ r cbfntn] kl5nf] k|ltj]bg x]bf{ g]kfndf c;'npk/ cfb]zsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u ug{ d'2fsf ;/sf/ ;~rfng ug{ gkfcf]; / ;/sf/df hfg g;sf]; eGg]
cbfntx¿nfO{ kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf ePsf] clxn] lgs} dxTjk"0f{ sfd km};nf ug{ afFsL hl/jfgf rf/ ca{ &) s/f]8 kIf, sfg'g Joj;foL, gful/s ;dfh, dg;fo afx]s csf]{ b]lvFb}g . ljz]ifu/L ef/tLo ;+:yfkg kIfsf]
km};nfsf] k|ltlnlk;lxtsf] hfgsf/L sfof{Gjog lgb{z ] gfnosf] :yfkgf u/L &( nfv ^! xhf/ rf/ ;o @* ¿k}ofF k|x/L k|zf;g, :yfgLo lgsfo / :yfgLo Pp6f 36sn] dfcf]jfbLaf6 cfˆgf] cg's"nsf] x]kfO k|j[lQnfO{
cg';Gwfg clws[t tyf ;DalGwt k|x/L To;nfO{ sfg'gL clwsf/ ;DkGg agfpg *! k};f / c;'n x'gk' g]{ s}bdf *! xhf/ JolStx¿nufot ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] lg?T;flxt ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf s;/L x'G5 dfcf]jfbLnfO{ unfpg]
sfof{nonfO{ lbg] egL lbPsf] lgb]z { g/ nfu]s ] f] 5 . sfof{nosf] sfd dfq km};nf ;ft jif{ dlxgf !( lbg /x]s ] f] 5 . of] st{Jo xf] . g]kfndf @)$% ;fn kZrft
ug]h { :tf] eO{ ul/Psf km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] lgs} 8/nfUbf] cfFs8f xf] . cem b08– ;aeGbf a]lylt /x]s ] f] 5 . ck/fwLx¿n] jf lsgf/f nufpg] ;f]rfO /fv]sf] 5 . lsg eg] sdhf]/ / cl:y/
:yflkt km};nf sfof{Gjog lgb]z { gfnosf]
;Gbe{df hf]Vg vf]lhPsf] xf] . b]zel/df ljifo jiff}b+{ l] v cf]em]ndf k/]/ /x]s
] f] lyof] . hl/jfgfsf] ;dod} c;'n txl;n x'g gful/stf abn]/ cs}{ gfd agfpg], g]kfnL ;/sf/af6 cfˆgf] cg's"nsf] ;GwL ;Demf}tfsf] gfdn]
/x]s] f] tYof+s x]g{ rf/ ca{eGbf a9L hgtfn] ha;Dd km};nf sfof{Gjog x'bF g} g;Sg' b08xLgtfsf] Ps sf/s tTj klg oxfF;Dd ls cbfntdf /x]s ] f ljj/0f;d]t ef/tLo :jfy{ s f sof} sfo{ x ¿ u/fpg ;lsof] ; . hgfwf/
hl/jfgf tyf *! xhf/eGbf a9L jif{ ta;Dd jf:tljs Gofosf] cg'el" t ug{ xf] . g]kfndf ck/fw u/] klg ;hfo x'bF g} ;Rofpg ;kmn ePsf] cj:yf klg 5 . gePsfx¿sf] lbNnL bf}8 / dGq0ff kl5Nnf pbfx/0fx¿ x'g\ .
c;'n pk/ ug{ afFsL /x]s ] f] 5 . Ps kfpFbg} g . gfn]; lnP/ cbfntdf k|jz ] / ;hfo eOxfn]df klg sfof{Gjog xFb' g} km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf ;dft]/ 5n, an / if8oGqk"0f{ /fhgLlt jt{dfgsf] lgolt ag]sf] 5 .
d'2fdf cf};tdf tLg–rf/ k|ltjfbLsf] u/]sf] JolStn] ;dod} d'2fsf] sfof{Gjogsf] eGg] dfgl;stfn] ck/fwLx¿sf] NofOPsf s;'/bf/x¿ cfˆgf] gfd ;f]
k"hL lnP/ ha;Dd cbfntaf6 aflx/ dgf]andf lg/Gt/ j[l4 xFb' } uO/x]s ] f] oyfy{ xf]Og eGb} pDsg ;kmn ePsf 36gfx¿ h'g x:tIf]k ljuteGbf a9L dfq xf]Og clxn] ljb]zL x:tIf]k a9L
lx;fa ubf{ tLg–rf/ nfv cbfntaf6
s;'/ sfod ePsf ck/fwLx¿ ;dfhdf lg:sFbg} kLl8t sfg'gsf ;~hfnx¿df 5 . Gofodf /x]]sf o:tf ltSttfk"0f{ klg ;do–;dodf k|sfzdf cfO/x]sf k|li6Psf] 5 / gflËPsf] klg 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf k|d'v k|ltkIfn]
lz/ 7f8f] kf/]/ v'nc ] fd lxFl8/x]sf 5g\ . ToxL x/fpg k'U5 . km};nf sfof{Gjog cj:yfaf6 d'lSt kfpg ;jf]R{ r cbfntn] 5g\ . To:tf s'/fx¿nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ca rf}tkmL{ 3]/faGbLdf ;/sf/df hfg'eGbf ;/sf/ aflx/}af6 hgtfsf
h;sf] kl/0ffd ;dfhdf b08xLgtf a9g hgcf:yf clej[l4sf] Ps ;zSt dfWod k|zf;lgs lg0fo{sf] cfwf/d} tTsfn km};nf sfof{Gjog;DaGwL b08–hl/jfgf cfd ;d:ofnfO{ phfu/ ub}{ pgLx¿sf kIfdf cfjfh p7fpFbf
uO{ ;dfhdf cbfntk|ltsf] hgcf:yfdf klg xf] . t/, km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] s'/f :yfkgf u/] s f] km} ; nf sfof{ G jog / ;/sf/L lauf] tyf lhG;L ;fdfgsf] a9L kmfObfhgs b]lvG5 . jt{dfg u7aGwgaf6 g /fd|f sfd x'g
klg sdL x'g uPsf] 5 . cbfntsf] g]kfnsf] Gofo k|zf;gdf slxNo} klg lgb]z { gfnonfO{ clxn] ;jf]R{ r cbfntn] ;Dk"0f{ nut ljj/0f :jLs[t 9fFrfdf ;a} ;S5g\ g zflGt / ;+ljwfg aGg ;S5 . To;f] x'g] ePdf o; k"j{
km};nfcg';f/ 7f]lsPsf] s}b hl/jfgf c;'n k|fyldstfsf] ljifo ag]g . km};nf ljz]if clwsf/ ;DkGg agfpg vf]Hb} cbfntx¿n] clgjfo{¿kdf km};nf
pk/ s;n] ug]{ eGg] k|Zgsf] lrQa'embf] sfof{ G jogsf nflu g] k fnsf] Ps 5 . h;af6 km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] kf6f]nfO{ sfof{Gjog lgb]z { gfnodf k7fpg'kg{] / g} ;f] eO;Sg] lyof] . gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg grfxg]x¿sf] u7hf]8
Goflos hjfkm ;/sf/;Fu 5}g . cbfntn] k|efjsf/L 5'§} lgsfosf] cfjZostfsf ljz]if dxTj lbOPsf] cg'el" t x'G5 . nf]Ug]n] lgb]z { gfnon] k|fKt nutnfO{ lhNnfut clxn]sf] ;Qf ;fe]mbf/L leq 3f]/ blIf0fkGyL ;d]t /x]sf] x'Fbf
klg 7f]sj' f u/]/ eGg ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . af/]df pRr:t/Lo Goflos ;'wf/ cfof]usf] cfˆgf] ;Gtfg;lxt cfk"mnfO{ 3/af6 ¿kdf cTofjlws ul//fVg] Joj:yf;d]t ;+ 3 Lotf lj/f] w L s' / fx¿, lxGb' /fHosf ;dy{ g df ;Qfl;g
km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] sfd cbfntsf] eg]/ k|ltj]bg @)@* df klg pNn]v ul/Psf] lgsfnf ul/lbPsf] x'gfn] dfgf rfdn ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L, c;'npk/ ePsf] dGqLx¿af6 cGtl/d ;+ljwfg lj/f]wL s'/fx¿ af/Daf/ cfO/fVbf
elgg] xf] eg] cbfntn] ckf/fwLnfO{ 5 . ;f] cfof]un] cbfnt / Goflos lg0f{o c+z kfpF egL bfo/ u/]sf] d'2f ;Gtfg s}b, b08–hl/jfgf / ;/sf/L lauf]sf]] hgtfnfO{ v]nf}gf agfOFbf ;d]t df}ga:g'kg]{ afWotf h:t} oxL
kqmfp ug{ ; Sg] cj:yf 5} g . ug{ cGo c•fx¿df txl;nsf] 5'§} kmfF6 aflnu eP/ d"nwf/df cfpGh]n tyf ljj/0f dfl;s ¿kdf lgb]{zgfnodf
sfo{kflnsfsf] sfd eGg] xf] eg] cfhsf] /xg'kg{] / ;f] kmfF6df ljut tLg jif{ cfdf 3f6df k'uG' h]n;Dd klg km};nf k7fpg'kg]{ u/L c;'n txl;nsf] sfo{nfO{ u7aGwgdf / o:t} kl/j]zdf ;Qfdf hfg' eg]sf] pgLx¿s}
ldlt;Dd km};nf sfof{GjognfO{ ;/sf/n] d'2fsf] ;/b/ ;+Vof tyf ef}uf]lns cfwf/df eP/ sfof{Gjog x'g g;s]sf kL8fx¿ k| e fjsf/L agfpg vf] l hPsf] 5 . 3]/faGbLdf kg'{ h:t} xf] . ctM ;/sf/df hfg' / @÷$ hgf
k|fyldstfsf] ;"rLdf /fv]sf] 5}g . gq kof{ K t sd{ r f/L / To;cg' ; f/sf] xfdL;Fu} 5g\ . o:tf kL8faf6 d'St g]kfndf sfg'gsf] eGbf klg sfof{Gjogsf] ;Nnfxsf/ ;fgf ltgf lgo'lQmn] b]zsf] jt{dfg cGof]n lrg'{ Hofb}
oqf] s}b hl/jfgfsf] /sd afFsL x'bF f;Dd d;nGbsf] Joj:yf x'g' k' g]{ tyf km};nf geP;Dd jf:tljs cy{df Gofo u/]sf] tyf sfof{Gjog ug{] k|lta4tfsf] vfFrf] d'l:sn kg]{ 5 . To;}n] h;/L logLx¿n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ unfpFb}5g\ .
sfo{kflnsfn] sfgdf t]n xfn]/ a:g] sfof{Gjogsf] ;DaGwdf eO/x]s ] f d'ns ' L xFb' g} . elgG5, Gofo u/]/ dfq x'bF g} , 5 . ;fy}, ePsf sfg'gx¿ sfof{Gjog To;/L g} dfcf]jfbLn] klg ltgLx¿nfO{ gunfpFbf;Dd logLx¿
lyPg . km]l/ s'/f u/f},+ s'v/' fsf] . P]g, b08 ;hfosf] dxnsf] sltko u/]h:tf] b]lvg' klg k5{ . Gofo u/]h:tf] u/fpg gful/s ;dfhsf] klg plQs}
lhNnf cbfnn] Ps rf]/L d'2fdf s}b s'/fx¿ ck'/f], ckof{Kt / b'ljwfk"0f{ ePsfn] b]lvg km};nf sfof{Gjog ;dod} x'g' k5{ . ;xof]u / bafasf] vfFrf] k5{ . g]kfnsf] cflQg] 5}gg\ / k'/fg} /j}ofdf ckgfO/xg] 5g\ . ;+ljwfg / zflGt
;hfo ePkl5 km/f/Lsf] nut :yfgLo 5'§} km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] P]g agfpg'kg]{ km};nf sfof{Gjog kLl8t Gofozf:qsf] gful/s ;dfhsf] k|sl[ t x]bf{ kLl8tsf] grfxg] log}nfO{ gªUofpgsf nflu klg dfcf]jfbL k|ltkIfd} a;]/
lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf k7fPsf] /x]5 . ;d]tsf] ;'emfj k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . To:t}, Ps dxTjk"0f{ s8L xf] . xfn u7g ePsf] kIfdf sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug{÷u/fpg'eGbf hgtfsf] dg lhTbf pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5 .
lhNnf k|x/L sfof{non] klg cleo'Stsf] zfxL Gofo ;'wf/ cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg km};nf sfof{Gjog lgb{z ] gfnosf] st{Jo kL8ssf] kIfdf sf/afxL gu/fpg bafa dfwj g]kfn ljutdf eGg] u/] h:t} ;fFlRrs} s7k'tnLdf emg
7]ufgf ePsf] k|x/L rf}sLdf kqmfp u/L @)$) n] klg dxTjk"0f{ ;'emfj k|:t't / clwsf/ x]bf{ cfzf ug{] k|fjwfgx¿ lbg] u/]sf] oyfy{ 5 . olb s;}nfO{ ¿kfGt/0f eO/x]sf 5g\ . cfˆg} dGqLx¿n] wDSofp 5g\ / cfˆgf]
k7fpg kqfrf/ u/]sf] /x]5 . rf}sLsf u/]sf] lyof] . s}b c;'n u/L Nofpg] 8f]/nfO{ b]vfk5{ . jf:tljs ¿kdf oL clwsf/sf] sf/afxL ug{nfluof] eg] ;'?d} lgbf]i{ f JolSt
k|f]T;f{xg k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{, k|of]u ePdf ;fFrf] cy{df hgtfn] Gofo eg]/ gful/s ;dfhn] km};nf ub{5 . cg's"nsf] lg0f{o u/fpF5g\ . /fs]z ;'bsf] s'/} 5f]8f}F pgL t
xflsd;fx]an] Tof] JolStnfO{ s] 5 ljrf/
-eg]/ ;f]Wg] ubf{ /x]5g . cleo'Stn] cbfntsf] km};nfadf]lhd b08–hl/jfgf k|fKt ug]{ s'/fsf] cfzf ug{;lsG5 . km};nf crDd 5, p;sf] lj?4df s] k|df0f 5 - s"6gLlt1x¿sf bfbf g} eP . oltv]/ pgn] g]kfndf h] klg ug{
…xh'/sf] ;]jfÚdf emSsn] efn] r9fpFbf] nfu]]sf JolStnfO{ lrgfpg'kg]{, dfgf sfof{Gjog qmddf b]vfk/]sf] Ps r'gf}tLsf] sxL+ st}af6 p;sf] ;+nUgtf v'ln/fv]s ] f] ;S5g\ . lognfO{ t ;ft vt dfkm 5 . pgL afx]s cGo s]xLn]
/x]5 . x/]skN6 xflsd;fx]asf] ;?jf eP/ rfdnsf] ;DaGwdf dfgf rfdn glt/]df ¿kdf kL8s kIfn] s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] kf] 5 ls eg]/ vf]hlag gu/Lsg Ps}rf]l6 s"6g}lts dof{bfnfO{ lal;{;s]sf 5g\ . clGtd ;do cfof] eg]/
gofF cfpFbf oxL qmd lg/Gt/ rn]5 . lgj]bgaf6} sf/afxL ul/lbg]h:tf km};nf ;+/If0f k|fKt ug{' klg /x]sf] 5 . slt;Dd sf/afxL c;kmn u/fpg nfluG5 . xf]nf ;/sf/n] lgo'Qm ug'{kg]{ / a9'jf lbg'kg]{x¿nfO{ cfˆgf]
$! cf]6f s'v/' f vfOP5 . clGtd k6s sfof{Gjogdf ;fdflhs Gofo x'g] k|sl[ tsf km]nf kg{ xf] eg] kLl8tnfO{ kL8sn] shf{ ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿n] olb sfg'gsf]
;' e mfjx¿ k| : t' t ePsf lyP . u/]sf] ;DklQ lkmtf{ lbnfpg hfFbf kL8sn] b'¿kof]u u/]/ lgbf]i{ f gful/snfO{ b'Mv
cg's"n a9'jf lbFb}5 . ca aGg] ;/sf/n] s]xL klg ug{ g;sf];\
uPsf xflsd cln s8f k/]5g, dfg]g5g .
RofKk ;dft]/ k"mlt{;fy cbfntdf k]; GofofwLzx¿sf] klxnf] ;Dd]ng @)%), slyt dfgjclwsf/sf] s'/f p7fpFb} lbPsf] eP To;sf] pkrf/ ck|s[To eGg] leqL dg;fo /x]sf] 5 . vr{ gePsf] ah]6nfO{ cfˆgf]
u/]5g . !% jif{ sl/a tLg dlxgf s}b t];f| ] ;Dd]ng @)%@, 5}6f}+ ;Dd]ng @)%%, dfgjclwsf/sdL{ ; d] t NofP/ ljlwcg';f/ Ifltk"l\{ t /x]sf] 5, To;tkm{sf cg's"nn] lgsf;f ub}{ e|i6rf/nfO{ k|;o lbO/x]sf] 5 . cfly{s,
x'g] u/L cbfntaf6 km};nf ePsf] d'2fdf ;ftf}+ ;Dd]ng @)%^, gjf}+ ;Dd]ng sfof{Gjogsf nflu afwf klg v8f ug]{ nut ug'k{ g]d { f sf/afxL ug{g' } glbg] ;fdflhs, / ;' z f;gdf o:tf] c/fhstf cf} N ofPsf] 5 ls
$! hgf xflsd;fx]an] s'v/' fsf] efn]df @)%* df klg km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . crDd 5, g]kfndf k|jl[ Q Gofosf nflu 3fts xf] . ;jf]R{ r oyfl:yltdf Nofpg klg xDd] xDd] kg]{ b]lvG5 . gofF kl/jt{gsf]
;+/If0f ub}{ cfPkl5 s] b]zdf ;f]rh ] :t} ljifon] kof{Kt dfqfdf :yfg k|fKt u¥of] . hlxn] klg, hxfF klg ck/fwLsf] cbfntn] km};nf sfof{Gjog lgb]z { gfno nflu cToGt s8f d]xgt ug'{kg]{ 5 . ctM oyfl:ylt / ljuts}
u/L km};nf sfof{Gjog x'g ;Snf t - cbfnt Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ;' e mfj dfgjclwsf/, kL8ssf] dfgjclwsf/sf] :yfkgf u/L To;nfO{ j}wflgstf klg
To;f] t lhNnf cbfntn] km/f/Lsf] nut k|ltj]bg @)%%, cbfnt ;'b9[ Ls/0f ;'emfj s'/f Jofks dfqfdf p7\g] u5{ . kLl8tsf] k|bfg u/]sf] x'gfn] ca cfzfsf] ls/0f d';f k|jl[ Qs} ;xofqL;Fu ;xsfo{ ubf{ a'l4 k'¥ofOPg eg] logLx¿;Fu}
k|x/L sfof{nodf k7fpg] u/]]sf] klg ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg @)%* df klg km};nf dfgjclwsf/sf] s' / f s;} n ] klg emlNsPsf] 5 . ca of] ;+ : yfnfO{ ;tL hfg'kg]{ePsf] x'Fbf ls;fg, dhb'/, >dhLjL, cflb tdfd
kfOG5 . t/, ;f]cg';f/ kqmfp u/L bfv]nf sfof{Gjogaf/] pNn]v ul/of] . kmf}hbf/L p7fpFbg} . ck/fwLnfO{ h]ndf xfNbf klg k|efjsf/L 9+uaf6 sfd ug{lbg' gful/s hgtfsf ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg x'g] u/L gofF cfGbf]ngsf] ;'?jft
u/]sf] la/n} xf]nf . sf7df8f}s + } s'/f ug{] sfo{ljlw lbu{bz{ @)%*, ck/fw ;+lxtf /fHon] ;Ddfgk"js { g} /fV5 . p;sf] st{Jo xf] eg] sfd gu/]df va/bf/L ug'{ a9L ;fGble{s b]lvG5 . l;lSsdLs/0f pGd'v ef/tLo bjfjsf]
xf] cbfntaf6 7]lsPsf] b08 -hl/jfgfsf] tyf kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf -d:of}bf_ pGgltsf nflu eg]/ s/f]8f} ¿k}ofF vr{ klg ug'k{ g]{ cj:yf 5 . ca ;a}sf] Wofg e08fkmf]/ ug{ klg /fi6«jfbL zlQmnfO{ Ps 7fpFdf NofO{ /fli6«o
nut k|x/Lsf] …k]g 8«fOeÚdf ;'/lIft xf]nf, @)%(, b'lgofFjfbL d'2f sfo{ljlw lbu{bz{ ub{5, t/ p;sf] kLl8tsf] af/]df Ps ot}lt/ df]l8g'5 { { . gq $! s'v/' f dfq
slt c;n u/]/ k7fof] t Ps k6s @)^!, s}b, b08-hl/jfgfsf] nut c;'n zAb klg 5}g . cfk}mn] cGofo u/]/ km};nf geP/ xhf/f}+ s'v/' f ;lsg]5 . kLl8tsf :jflwgtfsf] nflu uf]naGb x'g' klg csf]{ cfjZostf xf] . o;tk{m
;f]Wg}kg]{ ePsf] 5 . cbfntsf] nut km5\of{6] ug{;DaGwL ;'emfj lbg ul7t sfof{Gjog ug{ glbg] cg]sf+} xTs08f cfF ; ' sf] ; L, gf/fo0fL, s0ff{ n L, ;f]rf}F . d';f k|j[lQsf ;xofqL;Fusf] ;xsfo{n] b]zn] ult kfpFb}g
;fgf]df s'v/' fsf] rNnfb]lv 7"nf]df nfvf}s+ f] ;ldltsf] k| l tj] b g @)^@, km} ; nf ckgfpg] u/]sf] cj:yfdf cfk"mnfO{ dxfsfnL;/x alu/xg]5 . o:tf] v]ndf gnfuf}F .
k|sfzs tyf ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M afuahf/, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com, sDKo'6/ tyf d'bs | M lwDn] ckm;]6 k|;
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